this is bbc news. i'm james menendez. our top stories: by air, land, and sea, experts say pollution is linked to more than one in six deaths across the globe. eu leaders say britain has to offer more before trade talks can begin with the uk. after the protests and the disputed independence referendum, the spanish government tells catalonia, we'll take your autonomy. and i'm rachel horne. growth forecasts cut, tourist numbers slashed, and hundreds of firms relocating. catalonia's independence vote is taking an economic toll — and the crisis is far from over. plus, holden on no longer. australia has just built its last ever car, as the country's auto industry finally shuts up shop. but what caused the breakdown down under? scientists are warning that one

in six deaths worldwide are caused by pollution. that's three times more than those caused by aids, tuberculosis and malaria combined. in a report published in the medicaljournal the lancet, researchers say prolonged exposure to high levels of air pollution can lead to heart disease, stroke and lung cancer. they're calling on governments, particularly in the developing world to take action. as andrew plant reports, the vast majority of deaths are in countries such as india and china, that are going through rapid industrialisation. particles in the air, built up and breathed in, and pollution in the water they can end up inside our bodies. exposure to man—made chemicals a factor in 9 million deaths in 2015, says a study, contributing to killer conditions like heart disease, strokes, and lung cancer. in this global study, pollution was linked to one in every six deaths worldwide. and air pollution from our vehicles factories was the biggest killer,

linked to more than 6 millionjust around the world in a single year. in some african countries, 25% of deaths were attributed to pollution, like niger, chad, and somalia. in india, the figure is also about a quarter. and in china, 20% — one in five — were linked to pollution. this time lapsed video showers pollution growing in beijing. the study in the lancet involved a0 researchers worldwide, taking a snapshot of global health in 2015. there are examples, such as bangkok, which is improving. china is flattening out. there are a lot more things to do in other areas, but we do know how to solve the problems. they have been done time and time again. it is about bringing those solutions to bear.

chemicals in the air were the biggest killer, contaminated water and poor sanitation the second, a major cause of infectious disease. the researchers say air pollution is reaching a crisis point, worldwide, and said that those with existing heart and lung conditions, elderly people, and children are being hit the hardest. the british prime minister theresa may has urged european union leaders to inject some fresh impetus to the talks about britain's departure from the eu. speaking after a working dinner at a summit in brussels, the british prime minister called for a brexit deal that she could defend in the uk. mrs may admitted there had been difficulties but insisted that firm progress was now being made. this morning eu leaders meet, without theresa may, to discuss progress in the negotiations. 0ur europe correspondent kevin connolly reports from brussels. theresa may left the brussels summit

last night warning fellow eu leaders of the clear and urgent need to move the brexit talks on from the divorce bill to the future relationship. those leaders heard a plea from the prime ministerfor a deal she could "defend", although they said they heard no new big ideas. translation: she had a good story to tell but nothing really new. she reminded us of the aim of the speech in florence and told us she hoped we could achieve more in the coming weeks. but there were no new proposals. the german chancellor, angela merkel, said there has been progress. just not enough yet. it was a late finish. most leaders kept their thoughts to themselves. their votes will come later, and will shape the next phase of the brexit talks. when these leaders meet again later in these leaders meet again later in the morning, theresa may wilmot be in the room with them. they are not going to give her the move onto

trade talks that she wanted. they will have to decide how much encouragement they can offer her. it may not be as much as she would have hoped. the european council president donald tusk has said there's no capacity for the eu to get involved in mediation over catalonia, despite calling the situation concerning. mr tusk‘s remarks came hours after spain said it was beginning the process of imposing direct rule on the autonomous region. the bbc‘s tom burridge has more from barcelona. this is a landmark moment in spanish politics because the idea of the spanish government stepping in and exerting control over a disobedient regional government is so controversial. i think officials will be working at least in private to consolidate support abroad. i'm also told by a source close to spain's prime minister that two main spanish parties are also well and truly onboard. but here's the thing. the spanish government can have all the support it likes abroad and in the rest of spain.

it has plenty of backing in general from the spanish public. the key test for any move it announces this weekend and then implements over the coming days, weeks and even months will be how those actions actually go down with the public hearing catalonia. the spanish prime minister i think will move methodically, true to form. possibly slowly. and i think every step is government takes over the coming weeks will be backed up with plenty of legal arguments. why? because this is such a sensitive move and the spanish government is all too aware that any move it makes, be it for example possibly taking control of catalonia's regional police force, dismissing officials or taking back specific powers, every move has the potential to backfire. it could at least make the situation here in catalonia, already very complicated and sensitive, even worse. the catalan authorities showed no sign of backing down, but the spanish government doesn't either and the spanish government simply says it is now exerting control back of the catalonia.

it says it must act now to uphold spanish law and the spanish constitution in the face of unruly and disobedient action from the devolved administration in spain. rachel home is here with all the business news. rachel, you are picking up on that as well? yes, that's right, we are also looking at the independence crisis in catalonia. it has been escalating from a business perspective since that referendum on october ist, and it's already taking an economic toll. let me show you some of the details catalonia accounts for around a fifth of spain's economy, despite being home tojust i6% of the population. that's one of the reasons many catalans think they'd be better off independent. but it also means the crisis is being felt nationally. this week spain cut its gdp growth forecasts for next year to 2.3%, from the 2.6% it was expecting. the uncertainty means over 700 companies have transferred their legal bases out

of catalonia to other parts of spain since the vote. equally worrying for catalonia, one industry body says tourism is down 15% so far this month compared with last year, with reservations for the rest of the year down by a fifth. it says the crisis has had a far bigger effect on tourism than august's terror attack in barcelona, and could cost businesses over $1 billion. we are also in adelaide, australia, where the last ever car to be built in the country has just rolled off the production line. after almost 70 years the iconic aussie carmaker holden, which is owned by general motors, is finally shutting up shop.

the plant closure follows the end of manufacturing by toyota and ford in australia. we have a full report from our sydney correspondent on what caused the auto industry to break down, down under. don't forget — you can get in touch with me and some of the team on twitter. i'm @bbcrachelhorne. two former american presidents have made veiled criticisms of the trump presidency. barack 0bama ba rack 0bama has barack 0bama has hit the campaign trailfor barack 0bama has hit the campaign trail for the first barack 0bama has hit the campaign trailfor the first time barack 0bama has hit the campaign trail for the first time since he left the white house, helping a democratic candidate for the post of newjersey governor. he has largely kept away from the public sphere since hillary clinton lost the election, though many demos wish he would be more vocal about president trump. president 0bama still knows how to draw a crowd, and they queued for hours around the block to see him here in virginia, racking the democratic candidate for governor in next month's election. but if they we re next month's election. but if they were hoping for head on attacks on donald trump, they were to be disappointed. the former occupant of

the white house was artful in his use of local virginia politics to make much wider points. you'll notice i haven't been commenting a lot on politics lately. but he is one thing i know. —— here is. if you have to win a campaign by dividing people, you are not going to be able to govern them. you won't be able to unite them later. if that's how you start. not one mention of the current president by name, but talk of candidates pandering to the extreme and selling divisiveness.- a time when our politics just seems so a time when our politics just seems so divided and so angry and so nasty, it's whether we can recapture that spirit. whether we support it. and embrace it, somebody who wants to bring people together. yes, we

can! he may no longer be president but he is still far and away the most pop and the democrats in the country. that's why they want him to campaign —— at campaign rallies like this. but this audience knows that day by day, donald trump is trying to unpick barack 0bama's legacy, and that frightens them. i'm worried he could undo everything. he is dismantling everything that 0bama touched, and he is doing it systematically, and he is not shy about it. we are going down the wrong road. how do you defeat a country from within? not from the outside, right? that's where we are. the democrats' love affair with president 0bama is still alive and well, but here's the past. they will need to find new leaders to find new politics.

police in los angeles have opened an investigation against harvey weinstein regarding sexual assault allegations that date back to 2013. it comes as the american director, quentin tarantino has admitted knowing for decades about his alleged misconduct towards women. in a new york times interview, tarantino said he now felt ashamed that he did not take a stronger stand and stopped working with the disgraced producer. sexual assaults against women have been put into the spotlight by the scandal engulfing hollywood and harvey weinstein. social media campaigns have encouraged women to come forward and talk about their experiences. public transport is a place where many women suffer abuse or harassment. there were a50 sexual offences reported on london public transport in the year to june. british transport police recently created a new unit of plainclothes officers, dedicated to stopping the harassment. the bbc‘s been given special access to their patrols. the guy in the green camouflage hoodie. a girl's gone upstairs in front

of him he's gone straight up after her. he's now circled back round, he's back on the same platform. so it is suspicious. ifelt someone behind me. i wasn't sure what was going on, whether it was just there was too many people. then i felt them rubbing on my bum. and when i turned around somebody was pulling another person off the train and there was raised voices. the next thing i see, there's a person showing me a badge saying they're an undercover police officer. i work for proactive cid unit and ourjob is to go on the tube at busy periods during the day and spot any suspicious behaviour. did you see the way that he lined himself up behind that young girl with the ponytail? same sort of age as the last girl he was behind. and the females got off the train and run past me, excuse me, police officer. there was a man behind you on the train just now. yeah.

did he touch you? istopped her, asked her what happened, and she said she'd been sexually assaulted on the train by that gentleman. you're under arrest for sexual assault, 0k? the only way, unfortunately, to stop some of them sometimes is to catch these people in the act. it's not a nice thing to do, but in a lot of ways it's better than depending on cctv. if you've actually got police officers and witnessed somebody‘s behaviour before anything has taken place, that carries a lot of weight. i'm not sure if i would have reported it. so it was quite a relief knowing there was a police officer there to see it and have a result come out of it. the experience of one woman on public transport, part of the bbc‘s 100 women series. stay with us on bbc news. still to come, californians go through the motions of a major earthquake and test their ability to survive. a historic moment that many of his victims have waited

for for decades. the former dictator in the dock, older, slimmer and, as he sat down, obedient enough. dawn, and as the sun breaks through the piercing chill of night on the plain outside korem, it lights up a biblicalfamine, now, in the 20th century. the depressing conclusion — in argentina today, it is actually cheaper to paper your walls with money. we've had controversies in the past with great britain but as good friends, we have always found a good and lasting solution. concorde bows out in style after almost three decades in service. an aircraft that has enthralled its many admirers for so long taxis home one last time. this is bbc news.

the latest headlines: experts say the world's pollution crisis is linked to more than one in six deaths across the globe. well, let's get more on this now. professor michaeljerrett is chair of the department of environmental health sciences at the university of california. welcome to the programme. what do you make of this? one in six, is that accurate? it is. it was conducted by the world health organization. if anything, conducted by the world health organization. ifanything, it conducted by the world health organization. if anything, it might be underestimating. there are health risks we have not fully qualified yet. it runs into the equation, and you might see it increased. what is

causing this? the biggest single cause is air pollution. it is especially pronounced in areas of south and south east asia and low income countries and industrialising countries like china and bangladesh. the total air pollution alone is 6.5 million. that might be between a modern risk, the risk of increasing use of technology, technology that emits large amounts of pollutants, and a more traditional type of risk with people burning coal and biomass and other products in their homes to hit them and to cook their food. that creates astoundingly high pollution levels. —— heat them. children are most at risk. what are

the solutions? there is not much people can do, is there? we have a good roadmap in this report for some of the steps we have to take. one of them is we need more investment in low and middle—income countries to tra nsfer low and middle—income countries to transfer technology so they can better control pollution. we have seenin better control pollution. we have seen in the us since the 1970s there has been a 200% increase in economic output, and in the same period, pollution levels have gone down by more than 50%. so, there is a to producing those emissions while still expanding your economy. —— a pathway. the best way is to make sure we have good emission controls and make sure we build cities in a way that will get people out of cars and into active modes of transportation like walking and

riding a bicycle. thank you very much, professor. teaching at california university. losing your hair can be one of the most difficult and upsetting consequences of chemotherapy for cancer sufferers. often, people use wigs and hats to cover up. but now, there's another alternative. they're called henna crowns, a body painting artwork that covers the whole head. sofia bettiza has more. since she was diagnosed with cancer one year ago, this professional singer, abby flynn, has faced many new things. and today, another. nice to see you. these are glitter gels. this is a henna crown specialist. this is a henna crown specialist. this body painting art originated in ancient egypt. now he is offering his skills to patients who have lost their hairto his skills to patients who have lost their hair to chemotherapy. losing my hair was difficult at first.

having a bald head and the appearance is that cancer gives you, no eyebrows, no eyelashes, it gets you a lot of attention in the street and people look at you. today, this 27—year—old will have a delicately crafted henna crown, inch by inch, colour by colour. it is hard to empower and give confidence to cancer patients during this difficult part in their lives. after one hour, it is time to see the result. are you ready? yeah. one, two, three. oh my goodness. it is amazing. it looks like a real crown! it is so much better than hair. i wish i could have that every day. it is so much better than hair. i wish i could have that every daym definitely feels empowering and makes mejust definitely feels empowering and makes me just feel so much definitely feels empowering and makes mejust feel so much different from that kind of cancer patient

image. there is nothing, nothing, in the world, that beats making someone feel and look beautiful. #i have so much courage in my soul#. singing has been a way for her to gain confidence. in this latest experience, she has gained confidence, and definitely recommended. #yeah, the perfection is something to behold, and that's courage#. and now for the sport. first, football. pressure's mounting on ronald koeman after everton suffered another loss in the europa league on thursday, but they did go down fighting. quite literally, in fact, after a brawl broke out sparked by captain, ashley williams, pushing the lyon goalkeeper at one point it seemed to involve everyone on the pitch. williams received a yellow card before scoring an equaliser minutes later, but it was short—lived

after bertrand traore put lyon back on top, the game ending 2—1. elsewhere, lazio fought back from an early nice lead to maintain their 100% record in the europa league. that makes it three for three for the italian side after that game ended 3—1 in group k. and four goals from brazilian, willianjose, gave spain's real sociedad a 6—0 win at macedonian club vardar. and arsenal continued their perfect start to the europa league with a 1—0 victory in serbia. olivier giroud's spectacular overhead kick late on made it three wins from three for arsenal in group h. that leaves them top of the standings, five points ahead of bate borisov. it was a very difficult game. it was a supportive atmosphere from the fans. and we kept going and tried to win the game. and them as well. we played against a good team. it was

a lwa ys played against a good team. it was always dangerous on counter—attack. petr made some good saves. and in the end, i have to give credit to the end, i have to give credit to the mentality of the team. now, never short of attention, five time snooker world champion ronnie o'sullivan got maybe a bit too much at the english open on thursday. he was joined by a spectator who was clearly overjoyed after o'sullivan made three consecutive century breaks in barnsley to win his third round match. but having rolled in the pink, ronnie allowed his new partner to have a go at the black, which she duly missed. in california, an annual drill to prepare for a massive earthquake has been taking place. the great shakeout is designed to prepare the state for the potential damage a major quake would cause. and scientists say such an earthquake is already long overdue. tim allman reports. california's worst nightmare.

the big one. but not quite. this, a simulation of the impact of the massive earthquake that everybody in the golden state is dreading. we survived! today, we're simulating a 7.7 magnitude earthquake, which is a very significant quake. a quake like that would be very damaging to our infrastructure. we would lose power, we would lose water, and people are gonna be on their own for a period of three days, seven days, or longer. klaxon sounds. every year, the great shakeout takes place — an earthquake drill designed to prepare the people of california for a potentially catastrophic event. schools, colleges, workplaces, people told to drop, find cover, and hold on. the exercise that we did today serves as an example that every single corporate office, agency, organisation, even households and schools, of how they should have a team that's prepared, ready, and snaps to action after an earthquake

happens, to go ahead and assess their exit routes, to assemble on the outside and to take care of each other afterwards. california is no stranger to massive earthquakes — much of san francisco was destroyed in 1906 when a quake estimated at 7.8 on the richter scale shook the san andreas fault. fortunately, these injuries are fake. no—one has been hurt. the great shakeout was a success. the preparations seem to work. but the experts insist the big one is coming, whether california likes it or not. don't forget you can get in touch with me and some of the team on twitter. i'm james menendez. hello there.

it was pretty grey for many on thursday. wet weather as well. heavy showers and rain lasting through the evening and through the night. not great for driving. there is a squeeze in the isobars around low pressure bringing heavy rain through thursday and overnight. some gales with this. this is storm brian, which was named during the day on thursday. that looks like the next set of autumnal gales. but for friday, it starts grey and gloomy. fog in northern ireland and york and further north. low cloud and hill fog with remnants of low pressure further south. but it is an improving as the day wears on. increasing amounts of dry and bright weather and even sunshine despite the fresh air, it will be pleasant due to the brightness in the afternoon. through the evening, rain rattling

east on strengthening winds. the game might be dry, west ham, brighton. the rain's not too far away though. it will rattle through quickly through the night due to storm brian. gales, severe gales, quite widely in southern and western areas. for some south—eastern areas, the first gales of the season. 40—50mph inland. 60, perhaps, locally, 70 around the coast. with the wet ground, that could bring down trees and disruption. very large waves indeed. that is because this storm coincides with spring tides as well. so, some dangerously large waves around the coast to be avoided. so, it does look like it will be a bit of a feature as it goes across the uk. southern areas especially. strong and gusty winds further west, eventually getting into northern ireland and south—west scotland. as well as that, wet weather. ahead of that, despite the wind, dry and bright weather on saturday and in eastern areas. temperatures getting to about 16 degrees.

it will be the wettest weather in the way, especially with these showers. saturday night, low pressure pulling away. a westerly wind driving them east. another showery day going into sunday. again, eastern areas are best for brighter weather. clearly, there are warnings out. and do stay up—to—date with those warnings. they're on the website. this is bbc world news, the headlines. scientists are warning that one in six deaths worldwide are caused by pollution. in a report published in the medicaljournal the lancet, researchers say prolonged exposure to high levels of air pollution can lead to heart disease and lung cancer. eu leaders have suggested that insufficient progress has been made to move on to trade talks. as spain considers imposing direct rule on catalonia, the european council said there's no space for the eu to mediate in the crisis over independence. barak obama has spoken at a rally in virginia to support a democratic party candidate for governor. mr obama took aim at

what he described as the fear and bitterness that marked the 2016 presidential election campaign. he also warned that politics in his country has been set back half a century by the lack of political unity.