this is bbc news, the headlines: the sacked leader of catalonia has given a defiant response to its takeover by the spanish government calling for democratic resistance. the spanish government said it would welcome the participation of carles puigdemont in new elections but said he could still be prosecuted. there's continuing gunfire inside a hotel in somalia's capital, mogadishu, which has been attacked by the islamist group, al—shabaab. at least 1a people were killed in two bomb blasts outside the building, with many more injured. all crew members on british royal navy submarines are to undergo drugs tests. it comes after nine sailors were sacked for using cocaine on board the nuclear—armed hms vigilant. earlier this month, the submarine‘s captain was relieved of his command after an alleged inappropriate relationship with a member of his crew. now on bbc news, it's time for click. this week, spotting fake news

and debunking the people in power. wandering the ruins. and something wicked this week comes. going into space has long been the dream of many a sci—fi fan and for one bbc presenter that dream is about to come true. in a world first for the broadcast industry, spencer kelly, who fronts the bbc technology programme click, has been accepted by nasa to visit and report from the international space station. during his stay on board, he will present several

kelly, who says he has always harboured ambitions to leave planet earth, will test how the latest technology performs in zero gravity. he says he's looking forward to the months of training ahead of him. that's not... that's not true. i'm so sorry. that shouldn't be on the autocue. it's my christmas fantasy list. it's fake news! we are fighting the fake news. it's fake, phoney. fake. the fake media tried to stop... everyone‘s using the term these days. the problem is, it now seems to mean anything from actual lies to something you simply don't agree with. and the tech world is anguishing over how to sort fact from fiction, from opinion, from satire, from highly skewed and misleading headlines. and as a result, fact checking organisations are now working to counter the fake news effect. the first draft coalition operates around the world and in germany it's

working alongside journalists from a group to help improve online transparency. daily newsletter, investigating the most popular stories on social media, suspected of being false or highly misleading. you look at an incident in a video, but then when you're trying to get verification you're looking largely away from the main incident and into the background. is what's being claimed in the captioned description in this video what is actually being seen in the video? one which showed a couple of maybe not traditional northern europeans, a couple of dark skinned guys, waving their passports. this was claimed to be smug immigrants trampling all over german people's feelings. the tweets said they were insulting local germans and provoking them. using simple tools such as reverse image searches to verify the original sources of videos and in this case a facility called

‘watch frame by frame‘, the journalists were able to identify the street name, unter den linden. the thing that helped me is there is a police officer walking through the video, back here. an eyewitness account of what happened, notjust in front of the camera but also behind. actually we discovered that behind the camera there are like 100 people insulting these three to four guys in the first place. they were if anything just reacting. another story debunked by the group involved what looked like a number of muslims standing at a bus stop. the headline was: this is how islamic society, or an islamistic society, would look like, so we are heading to this. so we were taking a closer look at this.

narrowing down where bus and tram lines met, and cross—checking with street views, the journalists were able to pinpoint the spot and the fact that the group had just come out of a christian church. they confirmed that they work with refugees and they even know from a baptism and they were trying to celebrate the baptism and were just heading for lunch. so this was really, really misleading information and trying to manipulate people and to make them worried about — are we overruled by other cultures? the problem is that anything can look believable when it's published online and there is an ongoing debate about whether the platforms on which the stories are published should be the ones to police them. making sure that quality content and qualityjournalism is on top

is a big mission. so that's why we work very closely with fact checking organisations and media organisations around the world. just a couple of months ago we changed our ads policy around misleading news websites. whoever ends are fighting the rising tide of fake news, one things for certain — ultimately we're going to need an automated fact checking system. this is an organisation that first came to the public attention around the time of the eu referendum. these guys have some pretty interesting fact checking tools. in this session of prime minister's questions, the group is verifying claims using a mixture of manual and automated fact checking. one of the automated tools being developed looks at the trends behind a claim such as where and how many times any

statement was repeated. another tool, called live, will take text from tv subtitles and check it off in real time against reliable data bases, such as the office of national statistics. using a combination of ai and machine learning, the algorithm will perform calculations and check facts with primary sources. eventually it could be used in a scenario such as this. there are 10,000 more training places available for nurses in the nhs, but the right honourable gentleman... yeah, see, that's not right. that's an ambition for 2020, but it's currently not true. how cool would it be to debunk claims like that on the spot? but the system won't be able to challenge more subtle claims with lots of caveats, such as the statement "the nhs is in crisis". nor will it provide simple yes and no answers. gdp is rising.

it's kind of like shazam for facts. nurses are using food banks. the tool that i'm most excited about is the speech to text checking. so it's when somebody is talking live and it takes you in real time to the primary sources. so if a journalist is in a press conference or if they are interviewing someone, they can see straightaway if there's something that the person in front of them has said is true or false, which is particularly cool. i so want that. i so want that! have you used it in age yet? i haven't used it in anger yet. all right. how ready is it? it's ready now, but it can only do one sentence at a time. the way they behave? there's no debate that can really happen without eventually hitting on numbers and the point at which you hit numbers it's important that they're correct

and not being manipulated. that's the place we are starting from and the world we want to create. from fakery of news to fakery of images now. ok, that's not exactly the spin that adobe would like us to put on the way its products are used, but at its max event in las vegas it's just unveiled some pretty nifty tools to do just that and we've sent richard taylor along to take a look. 12,000 creatives under one roof, all geared up to find out what's next from the outfit that literally invented photoshopping. the answer, ai as we've never known it before. take this image of denver, where an entire neighbourhood is expunged in a flash and replaced with something more aesthetically pleasing. instead of just trying to fill in the area with surrounding pixels, the software can now extract meaning from the image and make a smart substitute from its library of 100 million other pictures. the plaster now intelligently

removed as the software can understand the protrusion in the middle of a person's face as a nose. and say you wanted to remove something or someone from a video. right now you could try it frame by painstaking frame. the chances are the result would look crude. but this demo is real. a research project we may well see in a future version of adobe's products. in this era of fake news, the implications of being able to easily and convincingly fool your audience are of course potentially troublesome, but adobe is more interested in the creative potential of ai. we are trying to reimagine the entire creative process so you can create the way you want to. machines can see patterns and possibilities that we may not be able to see immediately. adobe says ai should allow creatives more time for artistic expression and to be creative rather than doing

boring and repetitive tasks. they say the entire creative process should be way more efficient and ai adobe's ai creative assistant built in. find some images based on my sketch. and within seconds, others space based themes appear, based on your very rough sketch of a woman in a spaceship. what you might we thinking is all of this is pretty similar to the ai used by google and apple. we have decades and decades of understanding of how artists actually work in our tools. and when one of the world's best creative artists launches photoshop and they know what a creatively pleasing and aesthetically pleasing image is, we are learning from that. so we're not training on just images of cats or dogs, we're training with the world's best people.

i was certainly impressed at how for example the ai could take an image of me and within seconds return matches and then further refine them. the tech also understands 3d, so you don't have to be an artist to easily design and iterate. few people would argue that al is fantastic in terms of creating efficiencies in our work flows, but is there a danger that an over reliance on our machines instead of amplifying the creative process could eventually end up supplanting it? i actually don't think so. creatives are distracted by all of the things that take multiple steps, make them suddenly move out of a right brain mode into a sort of procedural left brain mode. i don't think ai takes anything away. i think it ends up being this news at your elbow. and that's the prevailing view amongst creatives here, keen to embrace the possibilities offered up in an ai world. hello and welcome to the week in tech.

it was the week that the hawaiian city of honolulu began fining people $99 for paying too much attention to their smartphone while crossing the road. microsoft announced it's ceased manufacturing its motion sensing controller, kinect. and japanese company toyota gosei showed up a concept car with the airbags on the outside in tokyo. meanwhile, nissan revealed the artificially created us authorities are insisting all hybrid and electric cars will have to emit a sound for safety reasons. amazon now wants to enter its customers‘ homes when making deliveries. the system is called amazon key. trustworthy types who sign up will make use of a smart lock, which will open their front door, allowing deliveries to be left inside their homes. suspicious souls will be able to view the delivery on their phone

via a smart camera that they‘ve left at home. what could possibly go wrong? and creepy or cute? you decide. sony‘s developed a new winking robot assistant, the xperia hello. the robot communicates with users using endearing gestures. it‘s hoping the bot‘s cuteness will challenge amazon‘s echo range. and researchers at harvard have developed a tiny robot that can swim and fly. the micro robot‘s flapping wings are used to propel the diminutive droid around when it‘s underwater. its creators hope one day similar technology can be used in search and rescue robots. this is art in the 21st century. trust me, it is. and it actually looks and sounds great when you‘re standing right in the middle. i‘m thinking each colour has a specific sound. the buzzing sound is the electric current that lights the leds and it‘s being translated into

a kind of compositional concert. it‘s kind of got its own groove to it. i like it. this week i‘m wandering the halls of a brand—new installation in the heart of london. it‘s called everything at once and if it doesn‘t actually have everything, it certainly has a lot. it‘s a mixture of dynamic works like the black pot and static pieces by renowned artists like ai weiwei and anish kapoor. there are also faceless voices describing their near death experiences. hi, my name is sam, and i had a near death experience in hospital and my heart stopped beating. and the centrepiece of the exhibition is even more unsettling. i‘m about to be subjected to intensely fast flashing images. now, if you‘d rather not see them, then please look away now and come back in a couple of minutes.

because i‘m about to walk through and on test pattern no 12 by japanese electronic artist ryoji ikeda. the experience is overwhelming. the video moves that more than 100 frames a second and in fact we‘ve had to doctor our footage in order to be allowed to show it on tv. the video frame rate is so high that the black and white is flickering incredibly fast. i can actually see colours in between the black and white, they‘re moving so fast, there‘s greys, i‘m starting to see yellow and red, maybe that‘s just because my eyes are exploding, i don‘t know. ikeda has taken digital files and broken them down after that, time for a drink in a nightclub called ruin.

only it looks like i‘ve arrived after the after party. now, earlier we were looking at attempts to combat fake news and so often these days that means the us elections, russia and the like. but it‘s actually a problem all around the world in different ways. david reid has been looking at the particular issues in india. this summer mob violence in the eastern state otharkhand was sparked by a rumour on whatsapp that child abductors were targeting a tribal community. the story wasn‘t true, but still seven people died in violence. it doesn‘t take much here for long simmering conflicts to boil over and fake news like this can be just the trigger for it. stories like these are very powerful and can potentially threaten india‘s often tense communal relations.

so much so that now even the police are getting involved in tackling fake news. i visited one of the country‘s main cyber crime units in hyderabad, the capital of the southern state of telangana. here cyber cops are worried about the threat to law and order by fake stories with the potential to spark riots. police here investigate false and inflammatory stories, try to get them taken down and then attempt to prosecute those producing them, but much of india‘s fake news is spread through the mobile communication platform whatsapp. because it‘s encrypted, for police here it‘s a wall. it‘s only a peer—to—peer communication, whatsapp. we don‘t have much cooperation from whatsapp because they simply give the answer that they don‘t have any storage facility. and you require date and time stamp to prove the case also, and whatsapp, because it

doesn‘t store anything, the date and time stamp is also not there. something like 200 million people in india use whatsapp. for some, the stories shared on the platform are their only or main source of news. encryption, others are trying to neutralise fake stories pratik sinha is based in gujarat. his website alt news roots out and reveals what‘s wrong on the web. my guess is it often starts on whatsapp because those who put it on whatsapp know it‘s difficult to track them down. the people who circulate these videos, they are very well aware that it‘s a fake video. there‘s no doubt. videos like this one, purporting to show a woman being killed in india by a muslim mob. it‘s one of the most grotesque, stomach—churning videos

you will see. but the harrowing incident it depicts actually took place in central america. this video was easy to debunk. for a lot of videos what we do is break it up into frames, we use google reverse image search and the first google result is that of this girl who was burned alive in guatemala. she was accused of being an accomplice in a murder, she got caught in a mob and she died. the reason is that in india hundreds of millions are encountering the internet for the first time, and they lack the media literacy to assess if news is actually true. we have more than 400 million mobile internet users. 50% of them are using whatsapp. whatsapp is the main medium for promoting the fake news. but how many people are being duped, or the thing they are forwarding, whether it is true or not and whether it‘s a forward or not a forward, so they are not equipped

to deal with that and this is an epidemic—like situation. it‘s still early days for the internet in india and as police and journalists battle the fake content that can trigger conflict, many are still prone to manipulation from the lies in their inbox. that was david in india. now, with halloween fast approaching, there are plenty of scary movies around but none of them will be as immersive as a virtual reality horror show. on the way to see a film, a movie, but not as we know it, in virtual reality. we're going to get run over. car honks i think this is 68a, not your standard cinema.

haunted cinema downstairs. there‘s people down there wearing vr headsets. virtual reality film is super exciting, but right now you can only enjoy it in the comfort of your own home and it‘s not a social experience. we want to bring people together so they can enjoy vr with their friends, their family, their partner. where am i sitting? we reserved you a seat. oh, excellent. have we got any popcorn? back we go, up and over... oh, popcorn, excellent. is everyone ready to go? all: yeah! let's do it! showtime! scary suburbia. oh my goodness me! that is it down the drain. i'm pennywise, the dancing clown! just left that scene.

look behind you... all scream and laugh a bit unnerving. i want to go home! the king has appeared in front of me. 0k. we‘ve got a collection of films five to ten minutes each and we‘re showing them back—to—back in a ao—minute montage. it‘s not the first vr pop—up and none of the hardware the guys are using is cutting—edge either. but they have created a custom piece of software to link all the movie clips together and play them in sync across all the headsets via bluetooth so people can have that shared cinema experience of being shocked all at the same time. this will sort you out! i‘m burning alive.

brilliant. with several showings starting at the top of the hour, the headsets need to be taken away for charging. it‘s all very pop—up. but the chaps hope it‘ll get another hearts racing so they can open up a permanent vr cinema later next year. is this alljust a novelty, though? this is kind of a nightclub in glasgow. ok, that‘s horrendous. that‘s horrendous! woah, ok, that‘s enough. actually it was quite fun to bring a group of friends together. not that i have any here. you can go out and have a shared experience, another group is coming in right now? right now. 0k. masters of turnaround. we‘d better be on our way.

that‘s nick kwek, always up for an experience and regularly needing a lie down after a shoot because of it. that‘s it from the ruin for this week. don‘t forget we live on facebook hello there. a change in the clock is going to bring a big change in the weather as well. now, on saturday, we had some very interesting cloud formations, helped by some very gusty westerly winds, which brought a temperature of 17 degrees in aberdeen, so relatively mild. but that is changing now, because our air is starting to come down all the way from the arctic. much colder northerly winds, especially to the north—east of the uk. it will bring much more sunshine

and a brighter day on sunday, but for many of us, it will be noticeably colder, as well. the colder air coming in behind this very weak weather front here, which is more a band of cloud. a little rain or drizzle on it as well. that is keeping temperatures up across southern parts of england and wales. but in the clear skies, as you head further north, now, there will be more sunshine around on sunday. we‘ll see that cloud in the south and south—west. eventually clearing away from devon and cornwall. some good spells of sunshine throughout the day. a few showers in scotland, down those north sea coasts, where the wind will be strongest. and it is here it will feel particularly cold. so a significant drop in temperature for the likes of newcastle in aberdeen. whereas further south and west, it won‘t be as windy. 1a degrees — it will will be much more pleasant. however, we‘re going to find this area of high pressure building in across the uk overnight.

so it‘s going to push away any remaining strong winds. we‘ll have largely clear skies, so it all points to a cold night. temperatures probably in rural areas close to orjust below freezing. we haven‘t had much frost at all so far this month, but monday is going to start off pretty chilly, with frost at least on the grass. it won‘t warm up much through the day. it may turn milder through the week, because the westerly winds will return, meaning more cloud. that means more rain, not very much, most of it in the north—west. this is how we start monday, bright, sunny but cold. eastern areas may hold onto the sunshine. it will total hazy and more cloud will come in from the north—west, where we could see a little rain in the north—west of scotland and northern ireland, but temperatures 9—12 degrees. now, as we move into tuesday, we start to get more influence from the atlantic, west to south—westerly winds. that means more cloud around on tuesday. it means some bits and pieces of rain, most across the northern of the uk, but temperatures returning up to about 1k,

perhaps 15 degrees. and even on wednesday, we start to see those winds strengthening a little bit. more rain coming into scotland and northern ireland, but for most of england and wales, it should be dry and rather mild. this is bbc news. i‘m lewis vaughan jones, our top stories: the sacked leader of the spanish region of catalonia, carles puigdemont, has made a televised address calling for peaceful resistance to madrid imposing direct rule on the region. spain‘s government has dissolved the regional parliament and installed a new police chief after mr puigdemont declared independence. in madrid, several thousand people held a rally, waving spanish flags and calling for national unity. our correspondent james reynolds reports from barcelona. this is the first full day of direct rule from madrid. and no one‘s yet sure quite what to make of it.