welcome to bbc news, broadcasting to viewers in north america and around the globe. my name is mike embley. our top stories: ratko mladic — known as the butcher of bosnia — is convicted of genocide and crimes against humanity. emmerson mnangagwa, the man set to take over as zimbabwe's president, says his priority is rebuilding the country's economy. papua new guinea police move into the manus detention centre to evict hundreds of refugees and asylum seekers. the new nasa time—lapse video that crams 20 years of life on earth into just a few minutes. the former bosnian serb army commander, ratko mladic, has been found guilty of genocide and crimes against humanity committed during the bosnian war in the 1990s. a tribunal in the hague ruled

that he bore significant responsibility for the killing of 8,000 muslim men and boys at srebrenica and the siege of sarajevo, during which more than 10,000 civilians were killed. from the hague, our special correspondent allan little sent this report, which does contain some distressing images. mr mladic, sit. it has been the most emotionally charged of all the trials this court has heard. meradic, if you... mladic demanded a halt to the hearing because of his high blood pressure. when thejudge refused, mladic was led out yelling obscenities. curtains down, mr mladic will be removed from the court room. in his absence, thejudge carried on. the crimes committed rank among the most heinous known to human kind and include genocide and extermination as a crime against humanity. mladic committed genocide at srebrenica in 1995,

there his men rounded up or hunted down 8,000 men and boys, some as young as 12, and murdered them. the sniping and bombardment of the capital sarajevo was designed to terrorise the civilian population. a member of the srk shot a bosnian muslim woman walking on the street with her children. he's talking about the woman in the white coat, her name is dzena na sokolovic. the bullet passed through her abdomen and hit her seven—year—old son in the head, killing him. last year, i went to see her. she told me why she'd gone to the hague to give evidence. translation: it meant a lot to me, i went for the sake of my child. i know that nothing will bring him back, but i would go again tomorrow if they asked me. i can't tell you how important

it was for me to testify. across bosnia, mladic‘s forces drove hundreds of thousands of non—serbs from their homes. thousands of men were held in detention camps, were hundreds died. for this, mladic was convicted of murder, extermination and forced deportation. this is vikrit in 1982, today he welcomed the verdict. "this should send a signal across the world", he told me, "that in future war criminals will be punished. there will be justice." ratko mladic was not the architect of ethnic cleansing, but he was its ruthless enforcer. he didn'tjust fight a war, he carried out a huge and violent criminal enterprise. allan little, bbc news, the hague. the former vice—president of zimbabwe, emmerson mnangagwa, has returned to the country ahead of his installation as president. he fled to south africa

when he was sacked by robert mugabe starting a train of events which culminated in mr mugabe's resignation on tuesday. mr mnangagwa told crowds in harare that the country was witnessing the start of a new democracy as our africa editor fergal keane reports from zimbabwe. this was a man who owned the moment, in front of a crowd that greeted him as a conquering hero and with a message of contempt for those he'd vanquished. "down with the traitors", he chanted. he said the zanu—pf train would keep rolling, but tempered that politicking with an affirmation of this extraordinary moment in zimba bwe's history. today, we are witnessing the beginning of a new unfolding democracy in our country. cheering. the crowd had gathered since early. "the crocodile is

coming", they chanted. all day they waited for emmerson mnangagwa, he of the legendary ruthlessness, reinvented now as an apostle of liberty. they were the happy and the hopeful. this mp was cast out by robert mugabe, now his faction is triumphant. the country's pleased. it's all about the people. if the people are happy, i'm happy. we did this for the people, the people did this. but there were reminders of mr mnangagwa's more sinister legacy. this is air marshal perence shiri, who led the notorious fifth brigade during massacres in matabeleland soon after independence. how do you feel today, general shiri? do you have anything to say? are you happy? he's a close ally of the new president. what's very clear to me is that this is a welcoming party not made up of old zimbabweans, but very much hardcore

ruling party supporters. they celebrate together, but the ruling party is no longer a monolith, there are factions within factions, and loyalty to the new leader will be dependent on him delivering change. well, let me ask you, if this president doesn't meet your needs, will you challenge him? everyone now is very awake. if he doesn't do what we want, we're going to take him down again. these are days of questions. what will happen to the deposed robert mugabe and his wife, grace? the military isn't saying. will the new leader bring the opposition into a unity government? 0ne leading activist told me the international community now had to engage with zimbabwe. well, we expect the international community to be our underwriters and guarantors, to making sure that there is the holding

of credible, legitimate, free and fair elections. tonight's speech was an appeal to a divided party, not a wounded nation. zimbabweans are waiting for mr mnangagwa to outline a vision that breaks with the repressive politics of his past. fergal keane, bbc news, harare. an operation by papua new guinea police is under way at the manus island detention centre to evict hundreds of refugees and asylum seekers. detainees at the camp on manus island said officers inside were pressurising them to leave. water supplies have already been cut off as part of efforts to force them to go. the australian federal police said it had no involvement in the operation. hywel griffith is in sydney for us now. hywel, the background to this, of course, is that australia will not ta ke course, is that australia will not take these refugees and asylum seekers? absolutely. these men were sent to manus island by australia because they are refused to let anybody who tries to enter australia illegally to set foot here. they we re illegally to set foot here. they were sent to you, some of foreign

half years ago, for their asylum claims to be processed. when the centre finally closed at the end of 0ctober they were told they should then go onto one of the three other centres set up on manus island. however, the stand—off has been continuing ever since. as you have said, water and electricity has been cut off. there is no more food. we understand that some 400 or so have stayed there, which came to an end —— came to a head this morning as police and immigration officers arrived. and they do not want to go to the other sites which have been set up for them because they fear attacks from local people? and also, i suppose, because they want other countries to step in and take them? i think both answers are correct. their immediate concern, they say, is that they are frightened for their well—being. they say that they do not believe these other centres which have been established, some of them with money from the australian government, are not safe for them.

they also make the point that they feel they are being pushed from one prison to another. what they want is international aid and an international aid and an international solution. they know australia will not accept them but they want other countries to step in. i suppose the stand—off means the eyes of the world are still focused on manus island. how much more are we hearing about the stand—off, the footage on social media shows shouting and scuffling, i know some of the detainees have been saying that police have been trying to take their phones from them? yes. it is very hard to verify that information. i have been in contact with one detainee, who says people there are frightened. he accuses the police and the authorities of being aggressive towards them. lots of shouting. he insists that the men, his side, i suppose, are being peaceful in their resistance. it is a dynamic, certainly a tense situation, and at the moment there is no way of knowing if this is the beginning of the end of the stand—off or whether

there will be a process of attrition that continues for days, maybe four weeks. a guess it depends on the resolve of those men and their determination to stay. let's take a look at some of the other stories making the news. the former usa olympic gymnastics sports doctor larry nassar has pleaded guilty to seven charges of sexual assault against women and girls in his care. he was charged with molesting the girls, many of whom are gymnasts, while working for usa gymnastics and michigan state university.as part of the plea deal he could face at least 25 years in prison. the argentine navy says the search for a submarine missing in the south atlantic for the past week has reached what it calls a "critical phase". they are investigating reports of a loud noise which was heard a few hours at submarine went missing. —— after the submarine. there are concerns that the 44 crew on board could be running low on oxygen. at least a dozen countries, including the us and russia, are helping with the search. britain's chancellor of the exchequer, philip hammond, has unveiled his latest budget. all designed he says will put the uk on a secure footing for brexit and beyond.

he's setting aside £3 billion for help prepare for every possible outcome from the brexit talks. but he's had to measure his policies against downgraded growth projections. 0ur political editor laura kuenssberg reports. the priority for number 10 and 11, those powerful next—door neighbours... is this a make or break budget? ..was for today's events not to slip, to keep the budget tightly in their grasp. for the chancellor, the aim, to be the steady national bank manager, not to tear up the rules altogether. knowing his ownjob, as well as the government's fortunes, would be shaped by what he was about to say. philip hammond. a cheerier start than mr hammond's usual demeanour suggests. i report today on an economy that continues to grow, continues to create more jobs than ever before,

and continues to confound those who seek to talk it down. in this budget, we express our resolve to look forwards, not backwards. yet, with brexit hanging over him, the risks of no deal with the rest of the eu real and expensive. today, i am setting aside over the next two years another £3 billion, and i stand ready to allocate further sums if and when needed. he wasn't gambling, though, with his ability to get through the speech. remember hers? i did take the precaution of asking my right honourable friend to bring a packet of cough sweets, just in case. cheering. but he had to reflect the worry felt by many around the country, and fess up to the fact that the economy will be sluggish for longer, the country overall less wealthy for years. the first time there has been this kind of prediction since 1983. they revised down the outlook for productivity growth,

business investment and gdp growth across the forecast period. what ministers want you to hear is their promise to spend billions more to get house—building going, and to make it cheaper to buy the first time. mr deputy speaker, when we say we will revive the homeowning dream in britain, we mean it. we do not underestimate the scale of the challenge, but today, we have made a substantial downpayment. it was one of the few surprises, stamp duty will go for good for first—time buyers on houses worth up to £300,000, that's the majority. but it's only expected to prompt around 3,500 extra people to buy. so, we will increase... so, after tory concernjoined other parties' opposition, the chancellor promised to smooth the sharpest edges of the new benefit, universal credit. we are at a turning point in our history, and we resolve to look forwards, not backwards, to seize the opportunities ahead of us, and together to build a britain fit for the future. i commend this statement to the house. a sigh of relief from the chancellor, but obvious anger from the labour leader. not enough to change much, he claimed, and not enough for millions in need.

economic growth has been revised down, productivity growth has been revised down, business investment revised down. people's wages and living standards, revised down. what sort of strong economy is that? what sort of fit—for—the—future is that? they call this "a budget fit for the future," the reality is, this is a government no longer fit for office. remember, the government barely has a majority when it needs it, so opposition parties can make life extremely hard. a squeeze which will hang over companies and families around the country, a backdrop that the government at westminster will find hard to escape. laura kuenssberg, bbc news, westminster. stay with us on bbc news. still to come, a fresh take on the battle of gettysburg. how a massive art installation can help us think differently about america's civil war legacy. president kenny was shot down and

died almost immediately. the murder ofjfk is a disasterfor the died almost immediately. the murder ofjfk is a disaster for the whole free world. he caught the imagination of the world, the first ofa imagination of the world, the first of a new generation of leaders. margaret thatcher is resigning as leader of the conservative party and prime minister. she told the cabinet it isa prime minister. she told the cabinet it is a funny old world. angela merkel is germany's first woman chancellor. easily securing a majority she needed. a tense to fly a hotair balloon had to be abandoned after a few minutes. but nobody seemed to mind very much. as one local comic put it, it is not hot

airwe need, but hard local comic put it, it is not hot air we need, but hard cash. when bob geldof saw the tv pictures from ethiopia, he decided he had to do something. he found his rock music friends felt the same. this is bbc news. the latest headlines: former serb military commander ratko mladic — known as the butcher of bosnia — is convicted of genocide and crimes against humanity. emmerson mnangagwa, the man set to take over as zimbabwe's president, says his priority is rebuilding the country's economy. it's been revealed that a security breach at uber exposed the personal information of 57 million customers and drivers. uber didn't tell anyone about the breach and paid a ransom of $100,000 to get the hackers to delete the data. it hopes. for more, here's the bbc‘s north america technology correspondent dave lee. uber attempted to cover up the

bridge. they have bird about it for more than a year. the previous ceo, travis kalanick, knew about it in 2016. but it is only now they are making a public, notjust to users, but to regulators in the various markets around the world in which it operates. that is the problem here, the fact that they kept it secret at a time that people's data had been exposed by the hackers. there is no evidence that use the data for anything, but that is not the point. the fact that they could have done for over a year it will be extremely troubling for people who use uber, and the regulators who are tasked with keeping our data said. they ask you wait uber decided to keep it safe. every time uber has a scandal, that date of going public seems to get pushed further and further back. we're just have, all we are just about to hear of a new funding round that will keep them go for sometime. so they are in the rush to do. so

while uber‘s investors are looking for a chance to have an excerpt, while they are keen for that to happen sooner rather than later, doing it from any of these things is ongoing means that return would be lower than it could potentially be if they went a little while. i still think it is very much in uber‘s plans to go public, but it will be later than many people perhaps have predicted, say, this time last year. dave lee for as they are. —— for us there. dramatic video has been released of a north korean soldier defecting on foot across the dmz last week. it shows north korean soldiers firing across the military demarcation line that separates north from south korea. the man was shot several times and survived. he is still recovering in hospital. the bbc‘s paul adams reports from seoul. 0ne one man's bid forfreedom, captured ina one man's bid forfreedom, captured in a series of dramatic, soundless snapshots. from the north korean side, a soldier races towards the

heart of the demilitarised zone. it isa heart of the demilitarised zone. it is a short drive. as he passes, someone is a short drive. as he passes, someone tries to stop him. but the real risks are up ahead, where northmead south, a place of rules, rituals, and, can often be defectors, incredible danger. by now, north korean soldiers know what is happening. this is only the third time that one of their own has tried to flee in this part of the dmz. —— north meets south. the defector at abandoned his vehicle and runs for the line. you can't see it, but it is just the other the line. you can't see it, but it isjust the other side the line. you can't see it, but it is just the other side of the victory. the guards fire repeatedly, some from point blank range. for a un investigators, this is the key moment. shops have been fired across the line, and, now, briefly, one of the line, and, now, briefly, one of the guards crosses briefly, too. it is to realise his mistake. —— shots.

unsure what to do next, north korean soldiers gather on their side, and watch, perhaps realising they have lost their man. but the deflector is gravely wounded, it hit five times, in danger of bleeding to death. the view switches. these are thermal images. look through the trees. south korean soldiers are crawling towards him. they are careful, but when they reach, they cannot afford to be gentle. this episode has taken just 45 minutes. nobody has died. in a place full of guns at a time for the angry rhetoric, this could have been so much worse. paul adams, bbc news, seoul. for twenty years, nasa satellites have been recording life on earth. that data has been compiled into a stunning time—lapse that scientists say provides a new perspective on climate change and the hunt for alien life. paul blake reports from nasa's goddard space flight center. this is what scientists are calling

the most complete global picture of life on earth. for 20 years, nasa satellites have been recording changes in vegetation on land and at sea. what we are trying to learn here is notjust the availability of the distribution and patterns of life on earth but how the ecosystem is connected. so it is notjust looking at the ocean, notjust looking at the atmosphere, it looks at everything together. a quick glance at the 2.5 minute video released shows a mesmerising change in seasons with snowpacks growing and receding as the years tick by. digging deeper, scientists say it also contains the tell—tale signs of a changing climate. notjust decreases in snow or the early arrival of spring, climate change can be seen in the oceans as well. changes in ocean colours seen here did not reflect temperature but the presence of phytoplankton. their reaction to a changing climate has caught scientists' eyes. one of interesting things i am seeing is that if you look at these

areas out here, that area of this purple is starting to get bigger and bigger with time and that is our consistent with our understanding of a warmer planet. while scientists have been recording life on our planet, they say the data is important in the search for life on other planets as well. we are on the only place where we can study the connection between life, our life, plant life, animal life, and the surrounding ecosystem. so by doing that, what we're really doing is building an intuition to how these connections are made which will make it far more effective when we search for life on other planets. 20 years of data already going into the project, scientists say the work isjust beginning. just this weekend they launched a new satellite which will keep a watchful eye on our ecosystems for years to come. there has been a lot of debate and

conflict recently over several monuments in washington. the hirshhorn museum in washington is taking a fresh look at the artistic legacy of the civil war with a massive abstract installation by the leading american artist mark bradford. jane 0'brien went to have a look. it spans an entire floor, a monumental work, it spans an entire floor, a monumentalwork, inspired it spans an entire floor, a monumental work, inspired by one of the most violent episodes in america's civil war history. the battle of gettysburg. it is based on the 19th century panorama of pickett‘s charge, the last desperate assault by confederate troops, which endedin assault by confederate troops, which ended in victory for the union. mark bradford's obstruction of the scene urges us bradford's obstruction of the scene urges us to re—examine what history means today. i think mark's project asks questions about how we fill their history, the filters through which we view history, questions

about who gets to write history. and questions about how we might contest history over time, and how it changes. there is no one single narrative that tells the history, whether it be a battle or a grand narrative about an entire country. the 400 foot long piece is a series of eight panels consisting of layers of eight panels consisting of layers of paper weighing about £800 each. -- 800lbs. of paper weighing about £800 each. -- 800le. a of paper weighing about £800 each. —— 800lbs. a picture of the original pickett‘s charge is embedded in the layers. mark bradford, at six foot and outsize artist, like it is processed to archaeology. one like most is the case. i think this is modern archaeology. there was a work underneath, and they were about, and it made that, so it is like a trace. the layers are scored, ripped, rubbed, and generally torn apart. i can pull this? yes, pump it up. just pull it, give it a little... yes,

like that. that is good. like we do have. when your hair needs... like that, yes. although intentionally as they can seemingly random, the final work looks oddly well planned and organised. i think mark bradford is one of the most important art is working today. his very practice, the idea of using different kinds of untraditional art materials to infuse obstruction with political and social and personal meaning is really transforming the way that we think about what painting and obstruction is. a lot of the renaissance... the complexity of the piece reminds us that history cannot be neatly packaged. an the clinton's underneath that all and revered civil war painting suggest that unresolved issues are neverfarfrom the surface. joe 0'brien reporting them. that is by now. thank you so much watching.

——jane by now. thank you so much watching. —— jane 0'brien reporting there. a significant change on the way in our weather for the next few days. it will turn considerably colder, especially through the weekend. that said, the cold air is already moving into scotland and this morning there is a risk of some disruption, particular conditions on the road thanks to snow. radio scotland is a great place to keep up with conditions local to where you are. 25 centimetres of snow likely to lower levels this morning, 2—5 centimetres of snow likely to lower levels this morning, up to ten centimetres across highlands and the grampians. by windy start to the day and it goes without saying, a pretty chilly one as well. for northern ireland, early showers for the north—west england as well. further south, a quieter picture. still quite windy but some early morning sunshine was a bit of cloud and rain through east anglia in the south east quite quickly. a few more isolated showers for the south—west and wales. in the more organised area of rain and snow will pull away from the north—east of scotland through the morning and be followed on by plenty of showers coming

into the north and west to showers, northern ireland and northern england as well and many of these could turn wintry at times, especially when they get heavier. further south, more in the way of sunshine but a high of 14 in london and that colder air is sinking its way south across the british isles. by the time we reach friday, the cold air will make way and you can see on saturday and sunday it heads into europe and there's no chance of us getting warm in a hurry this weekend. this is the way friday is shaping up. a frosty start across the northern half, a light wind on friday, the cloud and showers across the south for a time through the day. not such a bright day at today. definitely lower temperatures, still a risk of wintry showers. particularly for northern and western scotland. looking ahead to the weekend, there should be some lovely sunshine around but it will be tempered by a chilly wind and we are looking

at a couple of frosty nights. a chilly north—western wind. and temperatures, on the face of it we are looking at highs of perhaps seven or eight degrees but it will feel cold in the wind. the same can be said for sunday, there will be a lot of sunshine around. if anything, perhaps sunday is the slightly quieter day of the two, slightly fewer winds and showers are still sitting in that cold air so it will be a chilly start. highs ofjust eight or nine at best. this is bbc news. the headlines: the serbian president, has called on the country to start looking to the future, following the life conviction of the former bosnian—serb military commander, ratko mladic. a un tribunal in the hague found mladic, known as the butcher of bosnia, guilty of genocide at srebrenica during the bosnian war. the new leader of zimbabwe, has told a cheering crowd that the country was witnessing the start of a new democracy. emmerson mnangagwa, who will be sworn in as president on friday, said his priority was rebuilding the country's economy and creating jobs for the large

numbers of unemployed. he'll become the country's first new leader in 37 years. an operation by papua new guinea police is under way at the australian refugee camp on manus island. officers say they intend to evict hundreds of refugees and asylum seekers, who are refusing to leave. detainees say they fear reprisals from local people if they transfer to other facilities. it is 2:30am, and it is time for wednesday in parliament.