the mayon volcano. now on bbc news, panorama. segregation in blackburn is increasing. we're here to stay, there's no point in running. they live in their areas and we live in our areas. isolation, segregation, division. never the twain shall meet. we've been here for generations, this is our country. all we want is our country back. fear of the unknown is probably our biggest element. 0k, why are you here? we need to move away from this stone age mentality. we have a divided country. 20, 30 years, something's going to happen. they'll take over eventually.

i think blackburn will eventually become a completely muslim asian town. # should i stay or should i go. blackburn, lancashire. a town with an identity crisis. there are many ethnic groups here, but, according to the latest census, the two biggest are around 100,000 white british people and roughly 40,000 asians or british asians, many of whom are muslim. the question is, how well do they get along? ten years ago, panorama made a programme in blackburn posing that very question. we met two minicab drivers, mohammed nawaz, whose taxi

firm was staffed by all asian drivers. and ian goodliffe, whose fellow cabbies were all white. this end is predominantly white. at the other end of town it's predominantly asian. mohammed had a similar story to tell. we're living two different lives here, aren't we? we're just going to grow apart and it's going to get worse. a decade on, panorama has returned to see if that's the case. ian now works as a delivery driver and still knows the town like the back of his hand. he showed us where he he felt the town was divided. these are sort of areas that you're talking about, about the integration getting less. when white people move out you can be more or less sure that an asian is going to move in. mohammed nawaz still works

as a local minicab driver. i think muslim community has grown that much now, majority of areas are asian, we're here to stay. we're not going to go anywhere, so, you know, there's no point in running. ten years ago, we filmed a religious parade in the mainly muslim asian area whalley range. it's the anniversary of the birth of the prophet mohammed but not everyone's cheering, some whites here feel they're being taken over. morning. what do you think of it all? rubbish. why do you say that? it is a lot of rubbish. fast forward to today. the parade is significantly larger. over a ten—year period, in this area, the white british population dropped by half.

as a whole, blackburn has a majority white british population. but over ten years their numbers fell by 10%. ian goodliffe‘s pub, the bee hive, is on the outskirts of mill hill, an area which is almost exclusively white. so, do the locals still fear a growing muslim asian population? i don't particularly have any fear whatsoever of either community, but a lot of people do. we're going to have a muslim mp before very long and they'll take over eventually. they have their way of life, we have our way of life. we're laid back about it, they are not. and they're taking our culture bit by bit. there are 13,000 asians in blackburn, most

of them come from villages in north—west india and pakistan. they were encouraged to come here by the british government in the late 50s and early 60s to work in the text file industry... gradually ghettos are growing up in poorer parts of town. since their arrival, racial tensions have been exploited by the far—right parties like the national front. do you want this country to become occupied by a load of khaki coloured multiracial bass trdz? far right provocation was blamed for some of the violence that engulfed northern towns surrounding blackburn in 2001, the worst race riots for a generation. weeks of simmering racial tensions finally erupted last night as more than 500 asian youths fight pitched battles with riot police. professor ted ca ntle

was the government advisor who wrote the report into the riots. we spoke to him ten years ago. certainly the separation between communities was a factor in those riots. there was no trust, no understanding between the different communities. so has the problem of divided communities got better or worse since then? segregation in blackburn is increasing in residential terms, in school terms, probably in social terms as well. i think it has to be seen as a warning for all towns and cities in the uk. i think blackburn feel that the focus shouldn't always be on them. actually, they are right, because statistics show that there are many other towns and cities where polarisation of populations is increasing. injust a decade, there was almost a four—fold increase in the number of areas with a non—white majority. so why have communities become

so much more separated? ten years ago, jaffer hussain was a student at blackburn college. he told us that walking through the muslim asian area with a white female friend was met with hostility. he was determined to change attitudes and set up a youth group to bring people from both communities together. what percentage of young people in blackburn would you say actually mix outside of school or college? like 10%. so what's your views on having a relationship with someone who is not the same culture as you, what would your parents think? my mum would be more lenient. i feel another part of my family would be more, you shouldn't

do that, you should stick to your own culture and religion, it fits into the family more. it's just everybody is still the same, you need to move away from this stone age mentality. so if you were to bring home an asian boyfriend? probably wouldn't go down too well. that fear of the unknown can only be broken down once you start to get to know people. underneath the surface we are very, very similar. we are facing the same poverty levels, we are facing the same deprivation levels, we are facing the same employment issues so we really need to get past this fear of the unknown. ten years ago, gulistan khan attempted to confront this fear head on by deliberately moving his young family from whalley range to a predominantly white part of blackburn. it's there, i do know how it goes, you know! he introduced himself to his neighbours but didn't

feel welcome. i find that they walk past me without even acknowledging that you were there, so i don't know. i find that a little odd. since then, many of gulistan‘s white neighbours have moved out of the area. and, over the last decade, he believes that attitudes towards british muslims have changed dramatically. arrested on suspicion of terror offences, we're live in blackburn... all are described as asian. it has a huge impact on the muslims. we are having to apologise for others. this morning the police arrested a 25—year—old man and began searching this property in blackburn's whalley range. we've been here for generations in this country, this is our country. so why do we have to justify every time somebody calls out allahu akbar?

one of the most contentious government policies amongst britain's muslim community has been prevent, part of the uk counterterror strategy. it was designed to identify potential home—grown terrorists. until he retired, commander dal babu was the highest ranking muslim officer at the metropolitan police. people have called it a toxic brand. if you put toxic brand into google, the first thing that comes up is the government's prevent strategy. it used to be donald trump. so something has gone very, very wrong. gulistan says that members of his community resent being under suspicion. if you're under the microscope and the home office sees you as the culprits, it's not a good idea. but the home office could really do

more in terms of education and asking directly at ground level what the problem is. how can they help? i have called for sometime now to have an independent review of prevent, but there just seems to be an absolutely resistance to that from successive governments. gulistan believes that the negative portrayal of muslims by the media has had a significant impact on shaping attitudes towards his community. they're portraying islam or muslims as a bunch of terrorists. in 2011, the far—right english defence league staged one of its biggest ever protests. 2,000 people marched through blackburn town centre. i became involved in the edl because in 2005 i was in charge

of the emergency response unit at london underground. we assisted the so13s, which are the anti—terror squad, on removing bodies from the trapped train. in the wake of the 7/7 attacks martin sculpherjoined the organisation which went on to become the edl. he is now a north—west regional organiser. i've cleaned up after islam and i questioned why do they do it in the first place? we have got a serious problem in this country. i'm england until i die... we asked martin sculpher to respond to accusations that the edl is a racist organisation. ifind it quite insulting actually, to be called a racist. we oppose the radical side of islam, the ideology of islam, which is not racist.

at the end of the day, they don't integrate and they certainly do not like us because we do not worship islam. the way we have homogenised muslim communities as being a bit of a disaster really, they're all somehow lumped together in the press and media eyes, in the eyes of the prevent agenda. we've done very little to actually promote the views of people who disagree with that position. nadia! nadia hussain winning the bake off competition probably has done more for muslim british relations than ten years of government policy. in 2015, dame louise casey was asked by the government to write a review into integration policy. we are living with the consequences of not managing migration and immigration effectively. we've done a bit of it,

but we haven't been on it to the degree that we need to do so and i think we have a divided country. the casey review highlighted that over ten years the population of the uk rose by 4.1 million, more than half of that the result of immigration. the report was published more than a year ago. chukka ummuna is the head of the all—party parliamentary group on social integration. he's concerned that lousise casey's report has been ignored. it's definitely been ignored. it's definitely been put on the shelf in the too difficult, too hot to handle box, but longer we park this the more dangerous the atmosphere and environment will become. more than a year later louise casey still hasn't had a response from the government. i am disappointed, which is why i think it's really good that panorama is raising

these issues again. they're not only around blackburn, these are national issues that we ought to be able to talk about. over the last decade, the issue that blackburn's white british community has found hardest to talk about is the very visible social and demographic change taking place here. as non—drinking muslims have moved into new areas of blackburn, one after another, local pubs have closed down all together. well, it used to be the dog inn. a pub. i think you did a piece on it the last time. what it is now, i'm not 100% sure, to be honest. some sort of islamic centre, but i don't know what, what it is. any house in this area goes up for sale, it will, it's 100% that it will be an asian that buys it. mary, who lives opposite the former pub, now an islamic community

centre, is selling up after 28 years. it's just we're moving out. ijust wondered if something was eventually going to happen? where from? here. who's buying it? a lovely couple. dare i ask? we have not exchanged contracts. their ethnicity? yes they are. they are asian? but it is the state of this... english is not the common language, unfortunately. we have really lovely neighbours, but we feel very, very uncomfortable. i think we stuck it out as long as we could do. i think blackburn will eventually become a completely muslim asian town. the thing is, it seems to have been quite rapid. i think that is what frightens you a little bit. they would say, i'm living in a country that doesn't feel

like mine any more. in some areas of that country, that is true. you know, i wrote in my report the pace and scale of immigration has possibly been too much. the home office were not happy with that language being used in my report. but i stuck with it because it's true. some parts of the country have felt the effects of immigration more than others. it's been more or less a total close down in the asian areas of pubs. why's that? because asians don't drink. the nightclubs have shut and a lot of the pubs have shut. there's nothing going on. it's become like the specials said — a ghost town. # this town, is becoming like a ghost town # all the clubs

are being closed down...# but over on whalley range n the heart of the muslim asian area, business is booming. arif master opened his traditional spice tea shop three months ago. it's mainly busy in the evening. probably from now until we close at 11pm, you will find we will be getting loads of people coming in. for asians, it's what you'd say night—time is like in the pub. coming here is equivalent to this. while in the tea shop nazir musa, a former police officer, whose family are from india came

over to speak to us. for a local muslim, he has his own take on what's going on here. the mosques, the madrassases, the islamic schools should be regulated. there is a lot going on in there which is breeding extremism. nobody is picking that up. he's concerned that blackburn's muslim asian community is becoming more insular and not making enough effort to integrate. in terms of integration and harmony in the western world and england today, we should be integrated a lot more and i see little children, young girls, five, six years old going to the islamic schools, which i disagree with. they‘ re covered up. what's that all about? there are currently two million children from different religions being educated at state funded faith schools in england. experts say they are a big obstacle to integration. i think the segregation of schools

is the most difficult problem we face. ironically it is probably about the easiest to fix because the reason we have segregated schools is because of public policy. when faith schools were first established they were allowed to determine their own admissions policy. in 2010, that changed. the government decided that no new faith school could have more than 50% of its intake from any one faith. the problem is that we have thousands of existing faith schools who are not adopting that policy and ignoring the spirit of the legislation entirely. ten years ago, gulistan khan sent his children to the local school to give them an opportunity to mix. good boys.

if the government is not mixing them at an early stage, how can you expect people then to mix when they grow up? i remember when i was at school we used to be ferried from one end to the other to go to school. why can't that be done now? why can't the government mix them on a proportional basis in schools? a school trip to meet strangers. but these children aren't off on a journey to france or to germany, they're going to meet each other. in the original programme, panorama filmed with anjum anwar, she led a ground—breaking initiative to bring local school children together. then i will come to you and find out how much you know... the funding for her position ended. today she teaches english to new immigrants and helps them how to learn to integrate into british society. everybody feels we

should live together. do you have a question? $6 million question. even the prime minister hasn't been able to tell us what that means. british values are four concepts — democracy, rule of law, individual liberty and tolerance of other faiths. do you have a question? do i need to dress in a particular way? no, british values does not mean that you have to forget your identity. they feel that you can only be british if you give up being who you are. that's not the case. but they need to feel, i can live in the united kingdom, i can wear my headscarf or my veil, i can eat my chicken curries and i can still live peacefully. one of the most divisive cultural issues affecting integration has been the wearing of the niqab

or the full face veil. one of our local cabbies says he's noticed a dramatic increase over the last decade. i think there's been like a 60% increase, so, yeah, you know, they want to wear a veil, yeah, good for them. i have yet to meet any single woman or girl who said to me, "i wear it because i am forced to do it." what is the question, masala? interesting. many of anjum's students wear the veil and have experienced hostility from local people. i'm sorry. thank you.

that has really upset you, hasn't it? yes. let me get you a hanky. it creates a separateness between you and them. they want to feel comfortable within themselves. is that really so wrong? is it terribly wrong? people dress head to foot in black and we can't see their faces, it'sjust difficult for us as a culture. there's no way around it. and when that is happening at significant volume we're uncomfortable with it. if a man walked in here in a balaclava i would be uncomfortable with it. muslim women wearing the headscarf or veil are often a target for abuse. last year, there were nearly 63,000 reported race hate crimes in england and wales. and in lancashire, during the same period, which included the brexit referendum, reported race hate crime went up by one—third. there was a spike in hate crime

incidents in the wake of that referendum. and that is something we cannot ignore. we are going through a period of profound economic change and history teaches us that when society is disrupted through change, particularly economic change and financial crisis, there is a big danger that the extremes on all sides step in to the vacuum to sow the seeds of mistrust and hatred and we are at that point right now. if lack of integration is a national crisis, what's to be done about it? sunday morning at blackburn playing fields. an all—white team is playing an all—asian one.

for children and parents, alike, it is one of the few opportunities they have to interact. come on, keep going... ijust think it is important for them to be able to appreciate other cultures, other communities and not be afraid of the other, which is how we get perceived often. i think it's an excellent thing. they should mix all the time. they are kids at the end of the day. they don't know different from anything else. they should be mixing. there have been more bridge—building activities between communities, more attempts at socialisation, playing sport together. unfortunately, nowhere near enough. so, we do have to, in my view, reset the relationship with muslim communities. and there seems to be little attempt to tackle that issue. the government declined to be interviewed for this programme. they told panorama that their new integration strategy

will be published shortly. both blackburn's mp and the leader of the council also declined to take part. in a statement, the council said: blackburn is a town on the up. our diversity is a big strength for us. we fully acknowledge that there is segregation of communities in terms of where people live, building links between communities continues to be a priority. ten years on from when they were first filmed by panorama, ian and mohammed, our two cabbies, meet up on the bridge that links their communities. oh, hello. you ok? yes. so, what do you think, has anything changed on your side?

no. not at all. nothing? no. as you say, we are integrating less than we were before. do you know why that is? well, there's only one reason — isn't there? racism. there's a big divide? there is. we don't socialise together, do we? see what happens, the next ten years. that's right. might be coming back in ten years, hey! yeah. to do another one... if i'm still around. ok then. take care. lovely to see you. and you. goodbye. welcome to bbc news, broadcasting to viewers in north america and around the globe. i'm mike embley. our top stories: the russia investigation gets closer to the white house as the us attorney general becomes the first member of president trump's cabinet to be questioned. thousands rally in southern brazil for their former president, lula da silva, urging an appeals court to overturn his conviction for corruption.

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