hello, it's tuesday, it's 9 o'clock, i'm victoria derbyshire, welcome to the programme our top story today — the commonwealth has secretly begun considering who might succeed the queen as its head — it won't automatically go to prince charles on the queen's death. we'll bring you the story also on the programme — why are men seven and a half times more likely to gamble then women? ijust think it's i just think it's sort of a lad culture thing, you can't go to the pub ona culture thing, you can't go to the pub on a saturday afternoon without having the foot walk on the tv and obviously there's adverts that, on and you get the urge to sort of have and you get the urge to sort of have a bet on the football and i can't watch a game of football without having a bet on it. we'll find out how much of a problem gambling amongst men is. plus — stand down or face being forced out. the ultimatum given to south africa president jacob zuma by his own party this morning. it's very hard to find real

supporters of jacob zuma it's very hard to find real supporters ofjacob zuma even in his former stronghold, it's hard to find supporters now. we'll look at a legacy of allegations of corruption. and we are here talking to willian from the black eyed peas about a range of issues. hello... welcome to the programme, we're live until 11. throughout the morning we'll bring you the latest breaking news and developing stories and as always really keen to hear from you. do get in touch on all the stories we're talking about this morning — use the hashtag victoria live and if you text, you will be charged at the standard network rate. our top story today. the bbc has learned that the commonwealth has begun considering who might succeed the queen as the head of the organisation. our reporter caroline davies is here... first of all, what is the

commonwealth? it's a group of 53 countries, some of them used to be british, colonies, some of them have no ties to britain at all, the language mostly used as english but there is no official status for that. what are they considering at the moment? people may be quite surprised that prince charles does not automatically become head of the commonwealth, the queen is currently head, but it is not hereditary, they don't have a formal process to select the leader at all so this is something that will be considered today. there is a high—level group set up by the commonwealth to look at how it operates, they are going to be considering whether, different elements of the commonwealth and how it works, we hearfrom insiders they will potentially talk about the fact who takes over from the queen after she dies. there are an a few things currently on the table, it could be in style is is selected to be the next leader, that might be that it's

a one off, it's charles for now, when he dies, it might not automatically move on to prince william. the other option, they decide it's going to be hereditary from now on, it is whoever the british monarch is automatically becomes leader of the commonwealth. another option, prince charles is still the most likely option but there is the other option they elect a ceremonial leader, a strong democratic tradition with the commonwealth, that is another potential feature they might discuss. thank you very much, caroline. here is the rest of the news. rachel schofield is in the bbc newsroom the anc has made an official demand for leaderjacob zuma to step down. it follows a 13 and a half hour meeting stop his time in office has been overshadowed by corruption

allegations. cyril ramaphosa left a 13 hour meeting on monday night under the weight of the momentous decision, to remove presidentjacob weight of the momentous decision, to remove president jacob zuma weight of the momentous decision, to remove presidentjacob zuma as the head of state. earlier cyril ramaphosa delivered an ultimatum to the president at his official residence telling him to step down within the next two days but an unconfirmed report said jacob zuma had responded by asking for another three months in office. the new president of the african national congress... since earl ramaphosa was elected party leader in december jacob zuma has resisted immense pressure to resign. his second term has been plagued by scandal and the party rift has threatened the stability of south africa's gulbis liberation movement. on sunday cyril ramaphosa told supporters in cape town he was seeking a new beginning

and pledged to tackle the corruption that has marred nine years in office byjacob that has marred nine years in office by jacob zuma. allegations surrounding his links to the wealthy gupta family have caused his popularity to plummet recently but he continues to command support in rural areas. cyril ramaphosa has said publicly he wanted to avoid recalling the president eager perhaps to protect his chances in the election next year yet still, jacob zuma refuses to quit and there isa jacob zuma refuses to quit and there is a no—confidence vote, even more turmoil could be around the corner. a new tool to fight online extremist activity is being unveiled by the home secretary during a trip to the us. it aims to detect content and remove it instantly. funded with more than half a million pounds of government money, the tool draws upon a vast database of material posted by the so—called islamic state. our technology reporter dave lee has more. created by an artificial

intelligence company based in london and funded with more than have the million pounds government money to draws upon a vast database of material posted online by so—called islamic state. we have two videos, one of which is legitimate news content, the other is terrorist propaganda. to my naked eye i actually can't tell the difference between them. but fortunately down at the bottom this is very low probability of being terrorist content but this one is much higher. using this technique the software creators believe they can spot up to 94% of islamic state content posted online with an accuracy of 99.9 and 596. online with an accuracy of 99.9 and 5%. anything the software is unsure about a slide for human review. i've had a demonstration of it and i know a lot of other people have as well and it's a convincing example that you can have the information you need to make sure this material does

not go online in the first place. advocates of an open internet often pushed back against this kind of softwa re pushed back against this kind of software because it can produce false positives, content being blocked when it should not be yet it is estimated over 400 different web services were used to spread propaganda in 2017 and the task is less about blocking jihadists online today but addicting offer they might be on the internet tomorrow. two teenagers have an arrested on suspicion of murder after a six—week baby died in. police were called to an address with reports of a child needing medical attention, the baby was taken to hospital and pronounced dead. an 18—year—old woman and 16—year—old boys were arrested and are being held in custody. this programme has learned that men are seven—and—a—half times more likely than women to become problem gamblers.

in the uk there are thought to be around 430,000 problem gamblers but experts and gambling addicts say a mix of lad culture, advertising and biology is to blame for more men becoming addicts. the gambling commission say they are focused on ensuring that the gambling industry tackles problem gambling for all people. we'll have a special report on this issue shortly. british holiday—makers are heading back to tunisia this morning more than two years after a terror attack all 38 people, 30 of them britons in the beach resort. thomas cook is the first british tour company to resume flights to the country asjohn maguire reports. with it is idyllic white beaches and pristine mediterranean coastline, tunisia was a popular holiday destination for british tourists — attracted around 4430,000 of them each year. but then came the attack injune 2015, when a gunman killed on a beach near sousse. so—called islamic state said it was behind the shooting.

almost three years on from that deadly attack, and british tour companies are once again offering package holidays to the country. this morning the 220 passengers were the first to return — flying from birmingham. i'm a bit nervous, because i didn't know we were the first one and we were out there the last time when the terrorist attack was on, so we were staying in the hotel down the road, but we love the country, so as soon as we knew there was a flight going, we thought we would be going back out there. i have still been travelling while it's been closed. i go to france or germany normally. yeah, so, no, i'm not scared at all. fine, can't wait. no trouble. beautiful place. beautiful. probably more dangerous staying in london than it is staying out there. british officials say tunisia has made huge progress in counter terrorism and security since the attacks, although the foreign office advice that is travellers are vigilant at all times as the country remains in a state of emergency. thousands of people —

mainly women and children — are fleeing the democratic republic of congo to neighbouring uganda following an army offensive against rebel groups. aid workers say the situation is at "breaking point" with the united nations claiming up to 370,000 people could leave. half a million people have already been displaced by fighting over the last two years. that's a summary of the latest bbc news — more at 9.30. good morning. welcome to the programme, this is a message from andrew on facebook, a report in a few minutes, gambling is mentally of avoiding issues like stress, depression, loneliness, women can open up and talk to each other, men hide away and play online games or gamble. do get in touch with us throughout the morning — use the hashtag victoria live and if you text, you will be charged at the standard network rate.

let's get some sport with holly. elise christie is going for gold in pyeongchang this morning, how much of a chance has she got? she is one of the most exciting prospects in team gb, one of the most likely to walk away with a gold medal but she is the favourite for the 1000 metre audits the 500 metre she has this morning, just shortly after 10am but she is leaking in incredible shape at the minute. she w011 incredible shape at the minute. she won her short track heat in an olympic time but it was broken just some minutes later but she remains second favourite for the race this morning, favourite for the 1000 metres, the thing is it can all go wrong, think back to sochi 2014, she was disqualified in all three of her events, after the referee held responsible for a three woman pile—up. as you can see, her escape

connected with one of the other racers, it's been a hard road for her, she's had to endure online abuse, get into training again for the olympic games, she has clearly put all of that behind her, 10am this morning that race will get under way and if you are going to watch one thing this should definitely be it. fingers crossed for her. england are playing new zealand in a twenty20 cricket match, how are they getting on? chelsea won last night, has that saved antonio conte's job? kane williamson firmly in control, england having some success, including this extraordinary catch from chris jordan including this extraordinary catch from chrisjordan but that did not stop new zealand reaching an imposing total, 196, the england response got off to a pretty good start, wickets falling regularly

168-8 start, wickets falling regularly 168—8 after 18 overs, keep across that on the bbc sport website, all the latest news. chelsea won last night, has that saved antonio conte's job? it was only last week we were talking about that, the thought of him being out of a job after back—to—back defeats, he needed a win last night and it was quite a co mforta ble win last night and it was quite a comfortable victory over west brom at sta mford comfortable victory over west brom at stamford bridge, 3—0, two goals from eden hazard and a goalfrom victor moses, antonio conte thanked the fans for sticking by him and there was a bit of a show of support him last night, singing his name throughout the game but there is a feeling that the clock is running down to the end of the season, maybe to the end of his chelsea career, who knows? in the meantime, bad result puts them back in the top four, a point ahead of tottenham but i can't

four, a point ahead of tottenham but ican‘t imagine four, a point ahead of tottenham but i can't imagine this is the end of the speculation. thank you. more from holly throughout the morning. problem gambling is an issue we've covered a number of times on this programme —— we know the impact can be devastating — not only running up huge debts but also disrupting family relationships and careers. what we haven't explored before is why so many gamblers are men. in fact the figures are particulary stark. men are seven and a half times more likely to become problem gamblers then women. why is that? our reporter chris hemmings has been trying to find out. in the uk it is now thought about 430,000 people can be described as problem gamblers. with as many as 2 million at risk of developing an addiction. but what is known is who makes up the majority of those with a problem. the answer... men. i had problems from 30 years ago

financially. i went on to steal from my employer and i guess along the way i have lost hundreds of thousands of pounds, ended up in prison. i started gambling about four years ago when i turned 18, probably lost within the region of 20- £30,000, probably lost within the region of 20— £30,000, wasn't all my money. i think it's had a major effect on the la st think it's had a major effect on the last few years of my life. i'm a gambler, it's the way i made, i am a gambler, it's the way i made, i am a gambler, my wife wasn't at all happy when i lost three months income on the turn of a card in a poker game but that did not stop me. i changed to gambling on property. in the uk there's hardly any difference between the sexes when it comes to food gambles each year but when it comes to a problem the difference is much starker, in fact if you are a man you are seven and a half times more likely than a woman to become a problem gambler. why is that? what is it specifically about men that makes us more as is it specifically about men that makes us more as a set

is it specifically about men that makes us more as a set book to gambling? i'm meeting up with matt. he started gambling when he was 18. by he started gambling when he was 18. by the age of 22 he had already gambled away nearly £32,000.” started to play small bets on the football. then it sort of got more and more out of hand. i started placing larger stakes. and i started losing a lot more than i was intending to. what you think it is about men in particular that makes gambling so attractive? about men in particular that makes gambling so attractive ?” about men in particular that makes gambling so attractive? i think it isa gambling so attractive? i think it is a lad culture kind of thing. you cannot go to the pub on a saturday afternoon without the football on the telly. then adverts come on. you get the urge to have a bet on the football. i couldn't watch a game of football. i couldn't watch a game of football without having a bet on it. did you find it difficult, as a bloke, to come forward and admit you had a problem? i did. i opened up to

my parents first of all. i wish i had done it sooner than i did, because i probably wouldn't have beenin because i probably wouldn't have been in the position i got to. did you and your friends never talk to each other? we did, but they sometimes were involved in gambling themselves. it was sort of embarrassing to open up to them in a way where you think, i'm really struggling with this. with all men, you just want to live the high life and just want to be able to do whatever you want to do. i think with gambling it is in your mindset, making money, buti with gambling it is in your mindset, making money, but i think in reality you just... making money, but i think in reality you just. .. itjust making money, but i think in reality youjust... itjust takes making money, but i think in reality you just. .. itjust takes you down. what does it feel like when you are chasing that when? -- that women. it's not the best feeling. i've been

very low. it has made my life a misery. —— chasing that win. ifeel like i've lost the last three years of my life. i don't want it to affect my life. this doctor has been helping people with addictions over 30 years. as a former gambler himself he has a rare insight into the mind of a gambler. he started gambling during his time at university. but that turned into much higher stakes on property speculation. it was inevitable that i would be interested in people who have problems like i do. i eventually set up a rehab. mine was the first rehab to treat compulsive gamblers in the uk. what is it that draws men into gambling? men tend to be hedonistic, yeah, let's go for it. that tendency seems to be nacho, you know, real man! we found that in

the group. —— that tendency seems to be macho. all addictions go together, they are all saying the same thing, let's get plastered. those are the people i came across as having particular addictive behaviour with gambling. those people are more likely to be male? yes. men are greater risk takers than women. they tend to be rather proud of it. i used to boast on how much i lost. i lost three months‘ income on the turn of one card in a poker game. this isn‘t something i should be proud of. but i‘m a gambler, and a real gambler! it‘s like the fishermen boasting about the one that got away. where should ibe the one that got away. where should i be looking for answers here? is this a social thing? are their biologicalfactors at this a social thing? are their biological factors at play? there are three causes of any addiction. the first is genetics. some of us

have an addictive nature. the second is sociological. its environment. their rosamund bradbury ‘s which are particularly risky. and the third is exposure. is there a way gambling is advertised, its link with sport is that why so many people get caught 7 __ that why so many people get caught up? —— there are certain environments which are particularly risky. i was at a football match. we we re risky. i was at a football match. we were pestered constantly, short skirted, young, attractive women, saying who is going to score the next poll? what will be the half—time score? who will be injured? who will win? we could bet on anything as part of a norm. gambling and sport go together uncomfortably closely. for example it‘s estimated that british men will watch an average of

about 20,000 hours of televised sport in their with football by far being the most popular. in comparison, women will watch half that amount. in october last year, this programme found that almost all ad breaks during a football match feature at least one gambling advert. in the 25 games we watched there were over 1300 adverts, one in five of them were for betting. it isn‘t just young it isn‘tjust young people who get caught up in gambling. you‘re more likely to develop an addiction if you are middle—aged. that is why i am in sheffield to meet david. he was an accountant and he got sent to prison after defrauding his company out of more than £70,000 to feed his gambling addiction. overall he lost over half a million. it is a hamster wheel once you are in it. you cannot find a way out. you just go faster and faster before your legs give in, which is basically when i gave in. at one end you don‘t spend money on

things you cannot afford, and at the other and you steal money for things you cannot afford. whether it is gambling itself or the depth it creates. i have travelled from one end to the other. it was my brain making those decisions. i have to be accountable and responsible for those decisions. but what i cannot do is say why i made those decisions. what is it about men specifically that make us more likely to develop a gambling problem, in your opinion? we want to be seen as the breadwinner. the head of the family. as getting a great deal of respect. makes things happen... is there to support the family, as well. to have this hanging around you as something that you should have shared with the

family was a great burden. having said that, the escapism of compulsive gambling made you forget the things that create that burden. you are in a different place. i was sent to prison. it came out then. and it wasn‘t me saying it. sent to prison. it came out then. and it wasn't me saying it. why couldn't you own up? embarrassment, shane, that is the one half of me, the other half kept convincingly that i could put it right, gamble, win big, that every thing right. —— embarrassment and shame. convincing myself i could handle it. embarrassment and shame. convincing myselfi could handle it. he went embarrassment and shame. convincing myself i could handle it. he went to help groups, how much of them would have been male immigrants? almost 100%. iget have been male immigrants? almost 100%. i get people ringing me up. —— how much of them would have been male in those groups? people really up male in those groups? people really up and ask for advice. i have never

thought of the relevance, but it is only males who have called me. they both explained how their environment affected their decision—making. but some researchers in california think they have found a biological difference which might explain why men are more likely to chase their losses. mara was part of that team. there hadn't been a lot of research on stress and what it does to decision—making. we realised that there is a lot of stress involved in risky decision making. we used a common decision—making task about risk where people have to blow up balloons on the trial. they see the balloon. they are asked you want to inflate it to be larger or cash out and get all of the money. you get more money the bigger the balloon, but every time you inflate it it could pop and you lose all your money. we had people play this game after they were stressed by us

having them put their hand in ice water. it reliably induces cortisol release, which is the primary stress hormone, which influences the brain and the body. cortisol peaks about 20 minutes after people do this ice water task. we had them play the game 20 minutes later. men and women? yes. we were not expecting gender differences. we were interested in what stress would do to decision—making. we found that the people in the controlled condition who had just put their hand in warm water, there were no sex differences. but under stress, men and women diverged. men were significantly more risky. women were more conservative. they were more likely to cash out their balloons, men were more likely to hit and hit until the balloon blows up. men were more likely to hit and hit untilthe balloon blows up. risky decisions are often not profitable. do you see a correlation between

what you found on the fact there are seemingly more men who are problem gamblers? it very well could be. having a gambling problem can lead to stress. it could be a vicious circle. as somebody gets into gambling and they might get into trouble and that, that leads to stress and what they are looking for as the solution is this risky outcome where they can get a big reward. and that really isn‘t very helpful. but that is what is driving their behaviour. in west london, henrietta runs the only nhs clinic specifically set up to support problem gamblers. we see patients here who talk about being introduced to gambling activities by their fathers. it is normally their fathers. it is normally their fathers. and when you dig deeper you

find that their sisters, when they we re find that their sisters, when they were children, were not taken by their fathers to the races with the same frequency or the same level of emotional involvement. the relationship between men and their predisposition for risk taking, how does that transpose itself into the number of men with a gambling problem? it's possible that men with higher levels of risk taking and impulsivity are more attracted to the immediacy of some gambling types. for example, the in game betting, or the fast turnover of some of the roulette machines. very little research has been done in this area so far. there are areas within the research of pathological gambling that are still quite unexplored. what next? clearly more research needs to be done to discover if male brains are predisposed to developing a gambling addiction. but we do know that environmentalfactors addiction. but we do know that environmental factors certainly play

a huge part. the gambling commission said guidelines are already in place suggesting gambling adverts shouldn‘t appeal to particularly masculine traits. it has now launched a consultation on whether or not fines can be used to deter gambling companies from using them. really keen to hear from you if you‘ve been affected by problem gambling. to get in touch and the usual ways and share your experiences. this e—mailfrom one and share your experiences. this e—mail from one woman who does not wish me to use her name. my husband gambolled regularly for years and wouldn‘t tell me he had a problem. he used to lie to me and say that he used to spend £2 50. i found out he was spending £16 in the betting shop. there doesn‘t seem like a lot, but it was a lot for me, it could have bought our dinner. gamblers don‘t realise the hardship they cause other family members. we used argue all the time. he used to say

it was his money and i would say yes, but i have to subsidise because of it. we got into debt of over £6,000. gambling causes nothing but argument and £6,000. gambling causes nothing but argumentand in £6,000. gambling causes nothing but argument and in my case poverty. martin says a complete lack of personal responsibility and selfishness is at the root of problem gamblers, it ruins lives but they still persist. apps have made it easier than ever. but it is still a conscious choice. these immature boys should grow up and be men. that‘s interesting, is it a conscious choice? or have we learned that when it comes to alcohol, certain drugs, gambling, that it is an addiction, and therefore an illness? do let me know your own experiences. still to come. he‘s a singer, rapper, music producer, and a coach on the voice. now will i am is turning his attention to becoming an author. we‘ll speak to him on this programme before 10. and as the charity commission lodges

a statutory inquiry into oxfam and the sex scandal surrounding its workers in haiti, we‘ll speak to someone who campaigns against prostitution and child trafficking. time for the latest news — here‘s rachel schofield the bbc news headlines this morning... bbc news has learned that the commonwealth has begun considering who might succeed the queen as the head of the organisation. member states could choose anyone as the ceremonial leader, as the role is not hereditary. the bbc has been told 53 member states have established a high level group of independent figures to look at the way the commonwealth is governed. it will meet for the first time today in london. south africa‘s ruling party has made an official demand for presidentjacob zuma to step down, after a 13—hour meeting with leading figures from the african national congress. mr zuma has been the head of state since 2009, but his time in office has been overshadowed by corruption allegations. it is unclear how he will respond to the formal request to resign. a new tool to fight online extremist activity is being unveiled by the home secretary during a trip to the us.

it aims to detect content and remove it instantly. funded with more than half a million pounds of government money, the tool draws upon a vast database of material posted by the so—called islamic state. the home secretary amber rudd will meet with tech companies to discuss the software — as well as other efforts to tackle extremism. two teenagers have been arrested on suspicion of murder after a six—week—old baby died in southampton. police were called to a home in defender road in peartree on sunday after reports of a baby boy needing medical attention. the child was taken to southampton general hospital where he was pronounced dead a short time later. an 18—year—old woman and a 16—year—old boy were arrested and are being held in custody. british package holiday companies have started taking tourists back to tunisia —

almost three years since a gunman opened fire at a beach resort killing 38 people. 30 british holidaymakers were killed at the resort in sousse injune 2015. until last summer, the foreign office advised against travel to tunisia due to the high risk of terrorism. that‘s a summary of the latest bbc news. here‘s some sport now with holly. england have unbeaten in their match against new zealand. they need to win their next game to stand any chance of making the final. a 500 meter dash for durie, team gb‘s elise christie will compete this morning, she is tipped to win the

first edition medal in the winter olympics in pyeongchang. snowboarding sensation chloe kim produced a stunning performance to win gold, atjust 17 with a score of 90 point to five footer final one, she is a big hit with the home fans because of her south korean fans. marcel here should won the men‘s combined event after a thrilling slalom show. he was at the top of the leaderboard, we will bring you the leaderboard, we will bring you the results from the 500 metre race involving elise christie shortly after 10am. see you then. holly, thank you. inflation figures are out — they measure the rate in which the price we pay for goods and services is rising. andy verity is here to explain everything. i am supposed to. this is measured by the office for national statistics you look at a basket of goods and services and track out the prices in the basket,

your milk, serial, order bus fares, the prices are going up and by how much. it‘s a very important thing for setting policy and interest rates which determine the cost of mortgages, the headline news is that inflation has stayed the same as it was last time, 3%, at the top end of the target range for inflation is supposed to be according to the rules laid down the bank of england to follow. it‘s supposed to be between 1—3%, not higher or lower, 396 between 1—3%, not higher or lower, 3% is exactly where it is. the highest it got recently was 3.1%, it‘s now subsided just a little, the consensus was that it would carry on going down, some people might be a little disappointed inflation has not got a little lower but what you haveis not got a little lower but what you have is signs that there is less inflationary pressure than used to be. the pound got weaker, a lot of what we buy is imported, when the pound gets weaker it takes more

pounds to buy the dollars or euros you need to buy imported goods and that was pushing up prices in pounds in the shops. bad effect some people think may start to fade and this may be the first signs. we‘ve had a reduced in the price of raw materials, those prices have not been rising as fast. the inflationary pressure is easing and it‘s quite likely inflation will continue to subside from now on. but what about average earnings, are they still behind where inflation is, ourour they still behind where inflation is, our our living standards being squeezed? we are still going through a real turn pay cut, unions used to get very worked up about this, we‘ve had that for most of the last decade, the worst decade or rises in income in 200 years. but carries on for the moment, wages not rising as

fast as prizes but there is a hope that will come to an end in the second half of this year. what does this mean potentially for interest rate rises later in the year. the last i looked the markets were betting the next interest rate rise will be in may, thank you very much. next let‘s turn our attention to what‘s happening in the democratic republic of congo in africa. the country — which has a population of 79 million and is more than 4 times the size of france — was for many years known as being at the centre of civil war and corruption — which claimed up to six million lives — either directly through fighting or malnutrition. now though concerns are mounting again about the country‘s future — thousands of refugees are fleeing into neigbouring uganda in an attempt to escape violence between rival ethnic groups.

aid workers there say the situation is at "breaking point". let‘s talk to ben shepherd from the chatham house africa programme and looks at foreign affairs and in a moment we hope to talk to jan egeland, the secretary general of the norwegian refugee council, we are having technical ethical base but we will persist and do our best to get hold of him but first, ben shepherd, good morning. why do so many people want to lead their own country? the crisis that has erupted over the last couple of weeks is due toa over the last couple of weeks is due to a re—emergence of fighting between two ethnic groups, these groups fought seriously in the late 90s, early 20005, with groups fought seriously in the late

905, early 20005, with real worries it would turn into genocide, it was the site of the first eu peacekeeping mi55ion outside europe, things east around 2006 albeit at the cost of 60,000 live5, fighting re—emerging between these groups, frightening people, life is very precarious, very fewjobs, frightening people, life is very precarious, very few jobs, mo5t people reliant on subsistence farming, if they are forced from their land they don‘t have anywhere to go. why has the fighting erupted? it's to go. why has the fighting erupted? it‘s very hard to say the specifics of this, at the heart is competition overla nd of this, at the heart is competition overland in a place where most people do not have paid employment, land is everything. and these groups involved, one is traditionally cattle raising and the other is traditionally farming, there has been a long—standing confrontation, friction, over who gets to use butland, there was a rumour this was

triggered by cattle rustling, the government is incapable of providing security for its population and the police and military forces that go into places tend to cause more difficulties than they solve much of the time. in terms of the levels of violence that are being endured by some of the population, some of the stories are horrific. indeed, indeed. some of the stories coming out are awful. it‘s one of the most difficult things with the democratic republic of congo to get exact information, this is going on in rural areas, there are reports of hundreds of villagers being burnt, na5a cur5e hundreds of villagers being burnt, na5a curse of 30—60 people, it may disguise something more serious, it‘5 disguise something more serious, it‘s hard to know until people get in on the ground and find out what i5 in on the ground and find out what is going on. reports of women being rate5, hopefully we will talk to jan

egeland, hopefully he will be able to corroborate that. it estimated almost 8 million people, 10% of the population affected by extreme hunger, 4 million children under the age of five at risk of acute malnutrition. —— women suffering serious sexual assault. it's the outcome of a furry long process of disintegration of the state of congo which started back in the 605 and 705 under the cold war. the congo went through two deeply obstructive wars, killing millions of people.” have a heading that way again? the current president became president of the age of 29 after the assassination of his father in 2001, for the first few years of his role it looked as if the area was

emerging successfully, the next electoral cycle after five years he won those, a lot of questions asked about whether those elections were free. his second term in office it is like the us, you only get two madrigals, should have come to an end on december 2016, it did not happen, he is still there, there we re happen, he is still there, there were promises last year, they did not happen, they have been promised again for the end of this year, the date everyone is aiming at is the 23rd of december, deep suspicions among a lot of people and observers as to whether the president wants to give up power. it does not sound like it. let‘s talk now to jan egeland who arrived in the democratic republic of the congo yesterday and is the secretary general of the norwegian refugee council hello and thank you for talking to us. can you hear me ok? definitely

not. there is no phone line. i‘m sorry about that. he was hopefully going to give you an insight into the scale of the movement of people, the scale of the movement of people, the displacement of people but not to worry. thank you so much. i am told he is there, i am going to try again. yes, can you hear me? thank you so much for being so patient. thank you so much for talking to our british audience. i wonder if you could give us an insight into what is going on, what you have witnessed, having just arrived there? i am now in one of the epicentre is of this horrific war on the civilian population in the congo. this is in the south—east of the congo. there are 400,000 displaced people here, only the last

12 months, today i met with five children, their husband was killed in the communal violence by one of the armed groups, they desperately fled to camps, we are overwhelmed because there are very few relief organisations able to respond and we are totally underfunded. this is a forgotten crisis, this is one of the worst crises on earth now and nobody seems to focus on it really. it is underfunded, it is under resourced in all possible ways. one of the worst crises on earth, that is quite a statement. why aren‘t countries doing more? can you hear me still? i can, please

repeat. you said it was one of the worst crises on earth, that is quite a statement, why isn‘t the international community doing more? that is my main question also, why are we not accepting that women and children should have the same kind of protection and basic assistance as we try to deliver everything and everywhere else in the world? i think it‘s like people are used to it being horrific in the congo and thought it could not get worse. well, it got twice as bad in 2017 as it was before. actually the last two things, 16 and 17, it has become the worst place, one of the worst places

on the planet for in forced displacement, people having to flee for their lives, really, and people think it is impossible to help, but it is not true. we are here, we need resources , we it is not true. we are here, we need resources, we can respond, we are willing through courageous workers to expand relief but then we need a donor conference, we need more donors, attention, we also need a stronger partnership with the united nations. thank you so much for your time. secretary general of the norwegian refugee council who arrived in the democratic republic of congo yesterday and you heard from ben shepherd from the african programme at chatham house. oxfa m oxfam is facing an enquiry into the sex scandal involving its workers in haiti. we‘ll hear from sex scandal involving its workers in haiti. we‘ll hearfrom one woman sex scandal involving its workers in haiti. we‘ll hear from one woman who worked in the country in the aftermath of the earthquake there. next, we will

hearfrom... will i am who is best known for his work with the black eyed peas and being a compassionate coach on the voice and this morning in an extended interview he tells us his real passion is education and finding leaders of the future. the singer also delivers his view on donald trump, brexit and tells us why he loves britain so much. but we start with robots — and why he‘s written a book about al. he was joined by his co—author brian johnson. i wanted to write a book, because i like the ability to build worlds and go deep and you know when brian was telling me the book he wrote, it inspired me. so i asked him if he wanted to collaborate and we did that. brian, tell us what people can expect from the book. so it is a young adult model. it's a futuristic action adventure that centres around a young female engineer. she builds robots and finds herself in the centre of this centuries long battle between wizards

and robots and she's the key to saving the world. right. you are fascinated by robots, by artificial intelligence is my understanding. why? well, i started about ten years ago with the school that i have in the ghetto that i‘m from. i built an after school programme where we teach our kids computer science, robotics and engineering and i see how it‘s changing not only the lives of these kids, but our community, our community‘s changing. the graduation rates are going up and our kids are going to school, four year colleges for engineering and robotics and, you know, so here‘s a new form of technology that can help solve people‘s problems, when they don‘t have to wait for somebody to solve their problems for them. so artificial intelligence is like electricity and light for this fourth industrial revolution. so it‘s just a means to solve problems, it‘s a tool. so that to me is exciting

to encourage and enable and empower people. but you know that lots of people think actually the progress of this technology is actually going to take people‘s jobs away from them, what do you say to these critics? i say the same thing happened in 1918, the same fears with the candlestick makers thought that lights were going to take theirjobs. folks that make carriages thought that cars were going to take theirjobs. in actuality it created more jobs and the jobs are going to come from folks that are using the technology and imagine a world that the folks are that are responsible forjobs today can‘t imagine. it‘s you know a whole new era and we have been through these types of changes in the past. so there‘s nothing to be frightened of? the only thing to be frightened of is how governments are not educating people. that is the thing to be concerned about. you could say, oh, wow, this technology is going to take jobs away, meanwhile we‘re not educating the youth. i think we‘re worried about the wrong thing actually. actually the people need

to remember that the technology doesn't get to decide. people get to decide. artificial intelligence is built by people. so, just like will said, we know this is coming, we know this change is coming, so let's harness it and use it for good, but don't let that future happen to you — take action and do something about it. you you have launched a smart watch and a couple of other gizmos, if you don‘t mind me calling that. why is this an area you want to venture in, are you thinking, i‘m going to compete with samsung and apple in the future? actually i don‘t see it as competing, i see it as the why to the what. what i‘m doing is, i started a company, five years ago we had 300 employees, we build artificial intelligence voice operating systems that you know deutsche telecom‘s coined more efficient than ibm watson, that‘s why we are in the market in austria.

so that‘s a check mark of success. more importantly, it is the why — why am i doing that? because kids in the inner cities have no one to model themselves after around a course of science technology, engineering and mathematics. so am i going to wait for somebody else to do that? or am i going to make that sacrifice and, you know, risk failing in front of the whole entire world in order to show kids that this is the path forward? if i can‘t do music while i tell them to do science, technology and mathematics, that‘s hypocritical. for us as you know adults to wave one hand and say, you know... you shouldn‘t do that, while we don‘t provide the opportunities for kids to move forward, then we can‘t be hypocritical. i don‘t want to talk out of both sides of my mouth. do you think you‘re more influential as somebody who is passionate about technology than as a musician or as a writer or as a talent show judge? so here‘s the conductor,

a conductor has violins, a piano, rhythm section, brass and he‘s conducting an orchestra. every single piece of the pie is, you know, important in what i do. music is music and without technology, music wouldn‘t be what it is today. so if i‘m up therejudging kids, not evenjudging, coaching and encouraging, if folks want to make music their path, i‘ll do that. if folks are confused and don‘t feel the passion towards music, but are interested in science, i‘m going to do that as well. i‘m going to do every single area to encourage kids to be excellent. there is enough time in the day to be able to do both, to do all, here, here is an example of it. just do one thing, i don‘t know. do you just want to be a television host? no. there we go! you are, i‘m going to ask you about your television work,

because you are a compassionatejudge. you‘re never rude, you always manage to find the positive in anyone. i don‘t know if you watched any of the last series of the x factor, but the judges were much, much kinder. are they copying you? ijust, no, they‘re not copying, it is just the day and age we live in with cyberbullying, bombardment of media — everything is just harsh, harsh, harsh. there‘s wars, there‘s you know so much like... you know spiritual warfare happening that you have seen this cry out of people‘s hearts and trying their best to encourage people to be better versions of themselves. i hope it continues. so society‘s changing? i hope so. and i pray for that. who wants to live in a cruel world? for likes and hearts and followers.

bearing that in mind then, you have really taken britain to your heart, you love london, what do you think of the sort of the public discourse in this country generally, particularly around brexit for example? i love this country. and the whole world loves this country. and as the world‘s, you know, we have this global village, the status quo, the powers that be, folks that are comfortable the way they live their lives, you know, are concerned. is their life going to be altered when people are coming in? you start to have a different perspective, not everything is harmful. and the thing like i said that we need to be focused

on is education, how do we make sure our kids are leaders of tomorrow? how do we make sure our country — whether it‘s america or, you know, the uk — are leading? and you‘re leading when you invite. you‘re leading when people are a part of it. you know, singapore is... less than 60 years old actually and i don‘t know, i could live there. there‘s places in china, like, it‘s inviting and it‘s becoming more inviting. we might wake up 20 years from now and nobody wants to come to the uk. would you ever move to britain? yeah, i‘m practically here every year, six months a year. but i‘m telling you, for you out there, china‘s looking really nice now. hong kong‘s looking really amazing, singapore‘s looking really fresh and they‘re, like, hey, come here and work with us. as a matter of fact, this camera here that we are filming

on is made in china. the iphone, everything that we have on us is made over there. it‘s looking really fresh. there are down sides, though, people would say of china, human rights abuses, lack of democracy, stuff that perhaps we take for granted. that is the past, i would say come out forward. when you‘re moving forward and you‘re opening your doors and borders, you‘re going to change how you do things, when you close your doors, you go back to yesterday. i‘m not saying, i‘m not a politician. no. but i love this country and want the things that i love to be able to sustain themselves and have a place tomorrow. you will know that politicians that voted to leave are saying, we‘re not closing our doors, what we are choosing to do is actually control immigration? yeah, that‘s important, while you do that, let‘s educate the youth. before the us presidential election you said, "trump would be a disasterfor america, but for the world as well." what do you think of

that prediction now? well, this is heavy. we have got this book out about wizards and robots! i know, but you must remember saying that! it‘s a big world and it‘s complicated. and technology‘s moving fast. and if you‘re leading the world, you have got to think about everyone, including your own. more so your own. i don‘t see education changing in america. i didn‘t see it... i didn‘t see it change for in a long time. i don‘t know the answers to what you‘re asking me. i know the heart. i know how i feel. do you feel he has been a disaster for america so far? i know how i feel when i travel when i see how people react to it. i see how, i see people and...

how they feel about america right now because of it. and how they question, how can you have a leader like that? or you guys are idiots for... putting up with something like that, the inhumane ways that he looks at females and how can you tolerate you know nazism and, yeah, there is a lot of stuff. but like i said, that is a heavy question. that‘s a long conversation. but what can you do about it other than just focussing on your community that you come from and make sure that your community‘s ok? if we all do a little bit of that, everything‘s going to be all right and you know if you do that, trump will take credit for it. which is cool. i don‘t care. i just want to see awesome results, right? 0k.

i want to ask you finally if i may about the state of the music industry. we have had the me too campaign, the time‘s up campaign that‘s focused on hollywood and acting, do you think sexism and inappropriate behaviour is as prolific in the music industry towards women and some men? entertainment as a whole. after this break, you‘re going to see a commercial and the commercial you‘re going to see throughout the day is sexist. they see women as sex objects. it‘s entertainment as a whole. you‘re going to watch the victoria secrets awards at the same time as you talk about you know women empowerment. it is hypocritical. every way you look at it. i think it‘s a society as a whole that we have to reflect on. it is notjust music.

it‘s not hollywood. it is even in tech. it is even in politics. what is crazy is it is in politics and there is politicians that still stay in their seats. it‘s in... it‘s in religion. it‘s what you know... the unthinkable things happen to little boys in religion. it is everywhere actually. humanity has issues actually and it‘s a hot topic right now for the news. we could talk about it and sell some commercials after and that is kind of weird to me actually if you think about it, that is why i say education, education, education, because the solution to all our problems is a well educated society. 0k. musically, what are you doing next? musically is an app. actually it isn‘t! my youngest son uses it and loves it.

black eyed peas, we just released a virtual reality platform with... occulists and so virtual reality is an amazing platform for folks to create in and create these experiences and these worlds. we scored it with hans zimmer and we have an alternative reality book with marvel, the same story told. so that‘s what we do with black eyed peas. i think right now‘s the time to invent, there is awesome tools and ai is an amazing tool as well and this book with the robots is about that — robotics, artificial intelligence and i‘m so proud of this thing, it took six years to make. brian and i were working at intel at the time. this guy blows my mind with his way

of looking at the world, projecting what might happen based on probability, when we were in an think—tank at intel ad was super inspired about all things tomorrow and concerned about all things tomorrow, the investment for artificial intelligence at ways the investment but human intelligence and that brought concerns, those concerns were, we wrap them around fa ntasy concerns were, we wrap them around fantasy and build this amazing world and amazing story, check it out its number ten right now in all books on amazon which is really great. we could use your help to get it going, get it to the top of the charts. you brought it back round to the book and thank you so much for talking about other subjects, you have a lot to say and it‘s good to hear. about other subjects, you have a lot to say and it's good to hear. brian, thank you. thank you. that's a good interview. you are really good, but

put me on the spot. you can handle it. will i am and brian david johnson‘s book is out right now. this bureau says will i am for president, a man who chooses to do good with his fame. abbey adores him, she says i have somewhat love and respect for him. thank you for those. news and sport on the way. before that, the weather. it is freezing, again. yesterday brought sunshine, today brings cold, very wintry across some parts of the uk. lou is where it has been raining, white is where it has been raining, white is where it has been snowing, turning heavier and crossed north—east england and scotland, that will impact travel especially across higher roots. getting better. in the south outbreaks of rain, strong winds touching gale force around the

coast, becoming confined to the east of things and later, the west of the uk will see a lot more sunshine this afternoon, still cold. temperatures are around 4—8d at best. similar to yesterday, without sunshine. the cloud across east event and breaking up, plunging temperatures across much of the country, widespread frost and the rain, sleet and snow turning icy, cold air in place, another system pushing from the west, snow tomorrow, mainly limited to the hills, northern england, the far north of scotland, across much of scotland, lower levels, turning to rain, fairly cloudy, damp and windy, writer in the west later, temperatures reaching double figures. thank you. hello, it‘s tuesday, it‘s 10 o‘clock, i‘m victoria derbyshire... our top story today... the commonwealth has secretly begun considering who might succeed the queen as its head — it won‘t automatically be passed on to prince charles

on the queen‘s death. we‘ll bring you the story. also on the programme — you‘re seven times more likely to have a gambling problem as a man. this man has lost millions of pounds in gambling of course i used to boast on how much i lost, i lost three months income on the turn of a card in a poker game. this is not something i should be proud of. we‘ll be speaking to a former addict. if it‘s a problem for you — do get in touch. plus — should he stay or should he go. an ultimatum has been given the south africa president jacob zuma by his own party this morning. it's it‘s very hard to find real supporters of jacob zuma it‘s very hard to find real supporters ofjacob zuma even in his former stronghold, to find supporters now. we‘ll look at a legacy of allegations of corruption. good morning. here‘s rachel schofield in the bbc newsroom with a summary of todays news. thank you and good morning.

bbc news has learned that the commonwealth has begun considering who might succeed the queen as the head of the organisation. member states could choose anyone as the ceremonial leader, as the role is not hereditary. the bbc has been told 53 member states have established a high level group of independent figures to look at the way the commonwealth is governed. it will meet for the first time today in london. uk consumer price inflation remained at 3% injanuary, the same level seen in december. the rate, reported by the office for national statistics, is close to the six—year high of 3.1% set in november. most economists were expecting a small fall to 2.9%. south africa‘s ruling party has made an official demand for presidentjacob zuma to step down, after a 13—hour meeting with leading figures from the african national congress. mr zuma has been the head of state since 2009, but his time in office has been overshadowed by

corruption allegations. it is unclear how he will respond to the formal request to resign. a new tool to fight online extremist activity is being unveiled by the home secretary during a trip to the us. it aims to detect content and remove it instantly. funded with more than half a million pounds of government money, the tool draws upon a vast database of material posted by the so—called islamic state. the home secretary amber rudd will meet with tech companies to discuss the software — as well as other efforts to tackle extremism. two teenagers have been arrested on suspicion of murder after a six—week—old baby died in southampton. police were called to a home in defender road in peartree on sunday after reports of a baby boy needing medical attention. the child was taken to southampton general hospital where he was pronounced dead a short time later. an 18—year—old woman and a 16—year—old boy were arrested and are being held in custody. that‘s a summary of the latest bbc

news — more at 10.30. before the sports news — let me show you this video from robotics company boston dynamics have a look at this any moment now. it's have a look at this any moment now. it‘s coming... ifind i find that rather sinister, i ifind that rather sinister, i don‘t know why. weird! the robots are illya going to take over the world, quite a few of you pointing out the similarity to that dog and the one in the episode of black murder. —— robots are really going to take over the world. here‘s some sport now with holly. elise christie has been competing in short track speed skating, the

quarterfinal, david ornstein is our correspondent in pyeongchang. a great result, we‘ve then watching it, tell us what happened. good news for team it, tell us what happened. good news forteam gb and it, tell us what happened. good news for team gb and elise christie, safely through to the semifinals of the 500 metre short track speed skating. this was the first event she raced in in sochi four years ago and that was the start of the disaster, she won silver in the 500 metres but later disqualified, the first of three disqualifications in all her events, she ended up receiving death threats from south koreans having ta ken receiving death threats from south koreans having taken up one of their athletes and we hear that thing you olympic record for her in the quarterfinal, she did not lead from the front but got herself out top and won comfortably in a new olympic record. she's the world record—holder espied this is not being her favourite event, but as the 1000 metres, herfinal event being her favourite event, but as the 1000 metres, her final event and she races in the 1500 bidders before

then. the semifinal will be at 11am uk time and the finaljust after 12 noon uk time, looking good for elise christie and team gb as they search for the first gold medal at these pyeongchang winter olympics, the first medal at all, i should say. absolutely, david, she looks well on track, we will keep across that and thank you for the moment. as david said shortly after 11am the semifinals. england‘s up of reaching the g20 tri— nations final and by a thread after they were beaten by new zealand in wellington. new zealand put into bat, martyn williams and kane williamson in control. regular wickets saw england fall short of the new zealand total of 196. it means they lost all three in the tri- means they lost all three in the tri— series and need australia to beat new zealand in their next game

to stand any chance of making the final. antonio conte has praised the club‘s fans for sticking by him after a comfortable win over west brom last night. eden hazard scored twice in the 3—0 victory at stamford bridge, a resort that eases the pressure on the manager after two successive losses to bournemouth and watford, putting them back in the top four, a point above tottenham. it has all been happening victoria, we will keep across the action from pyeongchang online and on bbc radio 5 live, and we will keep you abreast of elise christie‘s progress as she continues after 11am. thank you. good morning, it‘s tuesday morning, welcome to the programme. the commonwealth has secretly begun considering who might succeed the queen as its head. the role isn‘t hereditary and so won‘t automatically pass to the prince of wales on the queen‘s death. at the moment there is no formal process for deciding her successor and that‘s what is being discussed right now. as you‘d expect it‘s highly

sensitive and shrouded in secrecy. joining me now is dr elena woodacre who is a senior lecturer in modern european history, at winchester university hello to you and tell our audience what is going on and five. good morning, victoria. there‘s been a lot of speculation, the queen getting older, increasing discussion about the future of the monarchy and in this case the future of the commonwealth. i think it‘s important to recognise obviously this is speculation, we don‘t know exactly what they are discussing but in some ways it is only ride the commonwealth considers its future generally. i think we can see the queen has been for some time preparing prince charles for this role he has been really engaged with visits to the commonwealth, particularly from 97 onwards, visited over body commonwealth countries and he‘s been very clear he believes the commonwealth is a force for the future, particularly

solving global issues and problems. i think that trajectory has been set to some extent but obviously it‘s up to some extent but obviously it‘s up to the commonwealth to decide what happens going forward. as you rightly noted charles position as the head of the commonwealth is not tied to his position as the successor to the crown. why isn't it an hereditary position?” successor to the crown. why isn't it an hereditary position? i think it's because of the nature of the commonwealth, the commonwealth was set up in1949, commonwealth, the commonwealth was set up in 1949, it has changed over time, it has grown but obviously it‘s something very much tied to, the timing of when it was created, it was dominated either queen‘s rain and in many ways we have mentally associated the two is being linked and they are to some extent. but strictly speaking, the two rules are separate. 2.4 billion people live in commonwealth countries, many speaking english, could member states choose absolutely anyone as there a ceremonial leader?”

states choose absolutely anyone as there a ceremonial leader? i think there a ceremonial leader? i think the absolutely anyone is probably going a bit far. i think likely it will be someone from from a major commonwealth nations, perhaps a former president or prime minister, one of the key nations but i think it very likely that prince charles. into this role. it‘s not a dead cert but again we can see that the queen and prince charles have the very much preparing him for that position andi much preparing him for that position and i think the commonwealth certainly is very familiar with prince charles because of this deep engagement with them, his attendance at commonwealth meetings, representing the queen before in 2013, i think it feels like a natural progression stepping into the role but in theory they could ta ke the role but in theory they could take almost anyone. thank you very much, almost anyone. thank you for having me. jacob zuma has been president of south africa for nine years.

and according to his critics — nine years of corruption that has seen the poorest grow poorer and the ruling elite prosper. overnight the party that put him in powerfinally decided that his reign is over and voted to formally ask him to resign — known as to "recall" him. the president is still refusing to go and if he hasn‘t changed his mind by next thursday he will be forced out by a vote in the south african parliament. we can speak now to toby shapshak a journalist and writer who has been a fierce critic of jacob zuma. it would seem he is a survivor, but do you think this is definitely get? definitely. we have lived through nine very lean years of a corrupt era. remember, he was facing 783 charges of fraud corruption and racketeering before he became president. and through nifty work he

managed to get those charges thrown out. they have since been reinstated by the highest court in the land. the same constitutional court found him not —— found him guilty of breaking the constitution. he was deeply flawed before he became president. he was never able to balance his cheque—book. his personal financial adviser was found guilty of corruption. he was meant to be charged with these 783 counts. through a very long legal process, the opposition parties and a bunch of other civic organisations have had these charges reinstated. in the meantime even more das to the stories of corruption have come up. —— even more stories of corruption have come up. there is a family that has interesting business, mining, tv stations, newspapers, they‘ve been

implicated in a range of what we call state capture, which is corruption. jacob zuma is extremely tarnished. what has happened is that every five years the african national congress, the ruling party, have their internal meetings and conferences. they have elected a new leader, their own president, and he has givenjacob leader, their own president, and he has given jacob zuma leader, their own president, and he has givenjacob zuma the ultimatum that he needs to resign or they will recall him. the problem with the recall him. the problem with the recall is that jacob zuma, as soon as he came into power, he recalled his predecessor. he doesn‘t want to be seen —— south africa doesn‘t be seen to recall all of their past presidents, but that‘s the case. jacob zuma is a profoundly guilty man. the evidence is in black and white. this hanging on, which he is currently doing, is he, behind—the—scenes, trying to come up with some sort of deal so he faces

fewer charges, no charges, what? he has been negotiating for a variety of deals. none of which we understand he will be offered. he has been asking for an amnesty agreement. in south africa you cannot get one until you have committed a crime. there is a real baying for his blood. he‘s been at the centre of all of this corruption and state capture and somebody want to see —— and everybody was to see somebody charged. but he would need a witness and he would turn on his son. there‘s a lot going on in the background. but it is almost certain. the decision we understand from the sources within the anc is that he has been told to step down. injacob that he has been told to step down. in jacob zuma‘s mind that he has been told to step down. injacob zuma‘s mind he‘s done nothing wrong, he‘s behaved with impunity, this isn‘t out of character, he is just impunity, this isn‘t out of character, he isjust completely failed to see that the tie is to him and his time is over. thanks very

much for talking to us. still to come: oxfam is facing a statutory inquiry in the sex scandal involving its workers in haiti. we‘ll hear from a woman who worked in the country in the aftermath of the 2010 earthquake. this morning we‘ve been asking why men are seven and a half times more likely to be gambling addicts than women. our reporter chris hemmings has been trying to find out. we bought you his full report earlier — here‘s a short extract. it is now thought that 430,000 problem gamblers are in britain, with as many as 2 million at risk of developing a problem. there is hardly no difference between the genders when it comes to gambling, but the addictiveness is the difference, if you are an annual

seven and a half times more likely to become a problem gambler. what is it about men that makes us more susceptible to gambling? —— if you are male you are seven and a half times more likely to become a problem gambler. i met matt who has lost nearly £30,000 on gambling. problem gambler. i met matt who has lost nearly £30,000 on gamblingm started with betting on football. it got more and more out of hand. i think it is a lad culture thing. you cannot go to the pub on a saturday afternoon without the football on the tv. then there is adverts that come on and you get the urge to have a bet on the football. think fast, act fast to come in play! this programme watched 25 live football games last october. of the more than 1300 adverts in the games, more than a fifth were for gambling. doctor robert has been helping people with their addictions for over 30 years.

asa their addictions for over 30 years. as a gambling addict himself he has a rare insight into the mind of a problem gambler. what is it that draws men into gambling? men tend to be hedonistic, yeah, let‘s go for it! that characteristic seems to be macho, or a real it! that characteristic seems to be macho, ora real man. generally it! that characteristic seems to be macho, or a real man. generally men are greater risk takers than women. they tend to be rather proud of it. i used to post on how much i lost. i lost three months‘ income on the turn of a card in a poker game. this isn‘t something i should be proud of, but on a gambler, i‘m a real gambler. you see comments like the fishermen boasting about the one that got away. experts have said that got away. experts have said that not a lot of research has been done on the biological differences between the sexes, but there are theories as to why men don‘t have a problem with chasing their losses. we made a trial where people have to

blow up a balloon. they see a balloon and they are asked would you like to inflate it to be larger, or would you like to cash out and get the money. you get more money when the money. you get more money when the balloon is bigger, but with every press of a button the balloon could pop. men were significantly more risky. women were more conservative. they were more likely to cash out their balloons. men were more likely to take the risk. do you see a correlation between what you have found and the fact that there are seemingly more men who are problem gamblers? somebody gets into gambling, they might get into trouble, get into debt, that leads to stress. what they are looking for is the solution, this risky outcome where they could get a big reward, and that really isn‘t very helpful, but that‘s what is driving their behaviour. we can talk now to mark potter — he‘s from

epic risk management; they work in areas with problem gambling — like professional sports as well as in the finacial services sector and they go into schools too — he‘s a former addict himself. adam bradford is gambling campaigner whose father adam bradford is gambling campaigner whose father david lost over £500,000 to gambling. annika lindberg — a chartered psychologist specializing in gambling addiction. let‘s start with your own story tell me about your issues with gambling. i was playing competitive sport. i gotan i was playing competitive sport. i got an injury. as a way to pass the time, handled the boredom, i was placing small bets. how much? £5, £10, but pretty quickly i had a

large win of £11,000. after that my sta kes large win of £11,000. after that my stakes dramatically increased. but then i couldn‘t go back to placing smaller stakes. and it got more and more, to the extent where ten years later when i eventually stopped i stole money from my employer. i was pretty close to going to prison for fraud. and eventually in 2012 i went toa fraud. and eventually in 2012 i went to a clinic, run by tony adams, things have improved quite a lot, andi things have improved quite a lot, and i have managed to keep some money in my pocket. is there something about the fact that you area something about the fact that you are a bloke so you are more susceptible to problem gambling?” would say so. i would say men generally take more risks. especially being a sportsman, the sort of competitive nature of that

very much mirrors gambling, in which the ups and downs of winning and losing, highs and lows, are very much the same as winning the big bet and the downers of having a few weeks when you are losing and chasing your tail. generally women haven‘t been big into going into high street bookmakers. but you don‘t need to any more. high street bookmakers. but you don't need to any more. exactly. so you will find that there are more women becoming problematic gamblers now compared with ten years ago. i would say these statistics about seven and a half times more likely for men, i think that will change. do you think that‘s right? presumably it is mostly men that you treat, but do you think the gap will narrow? it is mainly men. but i think the gap will narrow. in recent years i think the advertising is gearing itself more towards women,

as well. so, making adverts for online gambling a bit more colourful and attractive and things like that. i think that women, maybe even young women, are becoming a bit more of a target group, actually. in the meantime, why are men more susceptible? there is something to say about the way men are more likely to take risks. the study was interesting which you were just displaying. the big thing we have seenin displaying. the big thing we have seen in therapy is that men, you know, they enjoy the gambling experience a lot. when they are standing ina experience a lot. when they are standing in a bookmakers, their mates are there. there is a lot of, you know, companionship, and so on. actually, when you are looking at people who do sport betting, and so on, in the bookmakers, you know,

those... that's part of the experience, being with your mates, putting on a bet, having a drink. exactly. classically you don't see ladies particularly enjoying that type of environment. but i would say that you have to look out the function of gambling, what it is for the person. iwon't function of gambling, what it is for the person. i won't make over generalisations, but a lot of the women that we treat for gambling addiction are usually not enjoying the experience of the gambling as much. however, it's a really nice little bubble that they are enjoying. for example, they might be having some emotional difficulties, they might be having some marital problems, they might have been through some of the crisis, and they are actually using the gambling as a way of zoning out and really going to their bubble. let me bring in adam. your dad featured in the long version of ourfilm adam. your dad featured in the long version of our film which we played a little earlier. he talked about

the shame involved. particularly because he felt so guilty because he was the breadwinner. what do you think of that? is it an interesting point. if you go back to the history of gambling, it all started with horse racing and sports. it was very much exclusive to that. and it was a very different landscape to how it is now. where my dad found himself, i think, we are living in a society that already has a lot of financial pressure, career pressure, that already has a lot of financial pressure, career pressure, family pressure. even though he has a good job he had trouble with his finances. he ran into trouble with gambling. to him it was being marketed as this product that was going to make him a fortune. you had thousands of —— he had thousands of e—mails and text messages telling him to spend more because you are going to be closer to winning every

single time. your guest talked about the adrenaline rush that you get while you are in it. from the outside it can look very delusional. but his, kind of, masculinity, you know, wanting to be the head of the family, not wanting to deliver any kind of bad news, leading to conceal that addiction completely from the family. we never knew until he was pretty much on his way to prison that he had this problem. that it had stolen money. he was going to prison... can i ask, in terms of yourcampaign to prison... can i ask, in terms of your campaign to reduce the harm gambling can do, you would like a com plete gambling can do, you would like a complete ban on advertising across the board, is my understanding. what‘s the influence advertising can have on an individual when it comes to problem gambling? first, there hasn't been enough research being done on how the pervasiveness of these adverts has made gambling so normalised. young men, in

particular, he would go to the football, go to the races, have much more time on their smartphones, and spent much more time on the internet. i think, spent much more time on the internet. ithink, really, the only way that we can prevent people from being further incentivised by, you know, what's already come out as these free bet adverts that are not really free, you know, let's ban them all. there is never going to be a case where doing tiny things to tighten up the screws is going to be enough. our view is really that the adverts need to go. and if people wa nt adverts need to go. and if people want to gamble they still can. but an advert, necessarily for somebody who will want to spend the money for a company will still go and do it. i don't think adverts are necessary. and let's remember, not that long ago there weren't any advert on the gambling industry still seemed to do 0k. gambling industry still seemed to do ok. this message from mike on

facebook who worked in the gambling industry, betting shops and casinos, and having an addictive father who would beg, borrow, and steal to gamble. gambling is an oddity. unlike substance abuse it is difficult to figure out. i came to the conclusion that many addicted gamblers are people who are losers in life or feel unsuccessful, on the field, and are trying to redress the balance somehow by being successful at something. does that sound like you? i think to an extent, yes, everybody is true different and everybody‘s triggers are different. our philosophy is to try and educate as many people as possible from an early age, we go into schools, statistically we try and work in what is the highest prevalence sectors for problem gambling, professional sport is one, financial

services another, the military, criminal justice, services another, the military, criminaljustice, education, they are mainly men as well. so i think ouridea are mainly men as well. so i think our idea will be that if we can educate from an early age around the dangers of problematic gambling and how it can be an issue down the line people may be able to make informed decisions and we can hopefully help reduce the harm created. a final thought from you, our men less likely to ask for help when they realise the gambling has become an issue? yes, the male pride is an obstacle to seeking truth and they often have an inability to express and talk about feelings and so on. so yes, absolutely and i think women who start gambling, they progress a little bit quicker but also they often identify that there is a problem sooner and you know, the imbalance is still there. all right,

thank you all, thank you very much for coming in. breaking news now — england cricketer ben stokes has appeared in court and pleaded not guilty to charges of affray following an incident outside a nightclub. we‘ll hear from our reporter outside bristol magistrates‘ court later time for the latest news — here‘s rachel schofield good morning. bbc news has learned that the commonwealth has begun considering who might succeed the queen as the head of the organisation. member states could choose anyone as the ceremonial leader, as the role is not hereditary. the bbc has been told 53 member states have established a high level group of independent figures to look at the way the commonwealth is governed. it will meet for the first time today in london. south africa‘s ruling party has made an official demand for presidentjacob zuma to step down, after a 13—hour meeting with leading figures from the african national congress. mr zuma has been the head of state since 2009, but his time in office has been overshadowed by corruption allegations. it is unclear how he will respond to the formal request to resign.

uk consumer price inflation remained at 3% injanuary, the same level seen in december. the rate, reported by the office for national statistics, is close to the six—year high of 3.1% set in november. most economists were expecting a small fall in the cpi to 2.9%. a new tool to fight online extremist activity is being unveiled by the home secretary during a trip to the us. it aims to detect content and remove it instantly. funded with more than half a million pounds of government money, the tool draws upon a vast database of material posted by the so—called islamic state. the home secretary amber rudd will meet with tech companies to discuss the software — as well as other efforts to tackle extremism. two teenagers have been arrested on suspicion of murder after a six—week—old baby died in southampton.

police were called to a home in defender road in peartree on sunday after reports of a baby boy needing medical attention. the child was taken to southampton general hospital where he was pronounced dead a short time later. an 18—year—old woman and a 16—year—old boy were arrested and are being held in custody. british package holiday companies have started taking tourists back to tunisia — almost three years since a gunman opened fire at a beach resort killing 38 people. 30 british holidaymakers were killed at the resort in sousse in june 2015. until last summer, the foreign office advised against travel to tunisia due to the high risk of terrorism. that‘s a summary of the latest bbc news. here‘s some sport now with holly. coming up elise christie claims a

new olympic record store ring through to the semifinals of the short track speed skating event. that will take place at quarter past 11, the final taking place at 12 noon. snowboard sensation chloe kim produced a superb performance to ta ke produced a superb performance to take gold in the women‘s half pipe, 17 years old she took gold with a score of 90 a point to 5%, a long awaited first olympic gold medal for marcel hirscher. england beaten by new zealand in the twenty20 tri— series, losing by 12 runs in wellington, losing all three in the tri- wellington, losing all three in the tri— series and need australia to beat new zealand in the next game to stand any chance of making the final. we have all the latest from

pyeongchang and the semifinal involving elise christie on the bbc news channel throughout the morning. holly, thank you. inflation is one of the most important issues in economics and looks at the rate at which the level of prices for goods and services is rising. it influences the interest rate we get on our savings and the rate we pay on our mortgages. inflation also affects the level of pensions and benefits, as well as the price of some train tickets. and today it has stayed at three per cent — close to its six year high of three point one per cent in november — and some way off the government‘s target of two per cent. the conservative mp and financial secretary to the treasury, mel stride, is in westminster. when is the squeeze on living standards owing to end? the obr forecast is that it will decrease down to the target or around the target of 2%, the pressure will start to come off this year, in

terms of real wages increasing, faster than the rate at which prices are increasing, we anticipate kicking in 2019 onwards, we are seeing a surge of inflation coming through at the moment which will fade away. ayew embarrassed it's been the worst decade for living standards in 200 years? -- are you embarrassed? standards in 200 years? -- are you embarrassed ? after the standards in 200 years? -- are you embarrassed? after the crisis of 2008 and all that crisis brought it and the level of debt at that time, we have reduced the level of deficit is 0.75 by 20 ten, still a lot more to do, it‘s not surprising it has been more difficult than it might otherwise have been. you were supposed to have paid the deficit of why now. we are on target to reach intermediate target... no, no, not originally, the previous chancellor was my target, the deficit would have been paid off by now. we said in the manifesto reads told the electorate in the last election we

would eliminate the deficit by the middle of the next decade, that is the target of the craig lee have but ifi the target of the craig lee have but if i could get back to your point about living standards which i appreciate is extremely important to many of your viewers, we have done what we can within limited resources to tackle this. for example we frozen fuel duty at the time of the last budget which is worth about £800 to the average motorist converted 2010, we will increase the national living wage for the lowest paid in the country by four points 4x, paid in the country by four points 4%, we‘ve increased the personal allowa nce for 4%, we‘ve increased the personal allowance for income tax, the amount you can earn before you pay any tax at all, we have put that up above any rate of inflation, 2—3,000,000 people compared to 2010 not having to pay any tax on their income adult. you've frozen benefits and after the last budget in november the resolution foundation said it will result in the poorest third of households losing around £700 a

year. the most disadvantaged, those with disabilities have not had the freeze entirely that you have referred to but the most important thing that we are doing is to get the fundamentals of the economy right, to make sure work pays to encourage people into work. we have a near record in terms of the level of employment at the moment, more women in work than at any time in our history, the lowest level of employment for around 45 years and asi employment for around 45 years and as i said at the same time we have reduced the deficit by three quarters since 2010. sorry, in terms of growth... we come into the next period on the bike of 19 consecutive quarters of economic growth, we‘ve got to keep the economy on the right track, that is what this government has successfully doing. if we were to address the precious you are quite rightly raising and i recognise people are facing. do you accept bosses in this country are not going to offer higher wage rises because there is somewhat

uncertainty around brexit? and they wa nt to uncertainty around brexit? and they want to know if mrs me has a brexit plan? we certainly have a plan. what is it? firstly was to make sure we came to an agreement with the eu on the phase one issues of the amount of money we would be paying into the eu and the northern ireland question and eu nationals, we reach that element. —— mrs may. and eu nationals, we reach that element. -- mrs may. what does brexit look like? we don‘t know yet. i‘m not sure why mrs may is keeping it secret. i am trying to explain it. in march we will try to secure and into meditation period running up and into meditation period running up until 2020 or thereabouts, that will provide vital certainty to businesses and the economy such that we can continue to move forward and then engage in the end state negotiations that we will be looking to conclude some time towards... so

for... it was always going to be bumpy, i don‘t think when you leave an organisation after all these years... it was not going to be a stroll in the park. what will happen? exactly what i said, in the medium term and implementation period, we are engaged in discussions about that on top that come the european meetings in march we will have secured that which will give us that vital breathing space in which we will continue to trade on the same terms that we have at the moment, the european union for a period is business has that certainty to invest and to employ people and this will help clearly help, with the pressures on living standards as well. i'm sorry, what does the plan look like? the plan is being negotiated, in other words... what is your vision. we want to have a close economic relationship with the european union, we want to trade

as frictionless borders as we possibly can, we had a customs white paper last year looking at the various scenarios we would consider in that aspect and we want to be free to have control of our migration policies and at the same time to be going out there as a globally facing nation doing free trade agreements with other countries around the world so that we can further our trade and there is already evidence for example in the economy at the moment, exports picking up, manufacturing picking up, we want to see that continue and we will do that is striking deals with other countries around the world. businesses haven't got a clue, they are really hacked off with you. i don't think that's true. i spoke only a couple of weeks ago ata i spoke only a couple of weeks ago at a business club and there were a variety of different businesses there, or very up and optimistic at there, or very up and optimistic at the moment, their order books are up, look at manufacturing, eight straight month in succession of growing order books and growing output and you haven‘t had that

since the mid—19 805. exports rising, the trade deficit narrowing, there aren‘t many things that are fundamentally right on the economy, i talked earlier about employment levels, below was level of unemployment for over 40 years, many things that are right and i think businesses generally or in very good shape at the moment what they want from government is to secure the demonstration deal as quickly as possible, to give businesses the certainty about the terms of trade that they are facing going forward andi that they are facing going forward and i believe that will happen next month and i think we will see a further uptake in business confidence as a consequence. thank you very much for talking to us. thanks victoria. the financial secretary to the treasury. the regulator the charities commission has opened a statutory inquiry into oxfam — the most serious action it can take — in response to the sex scandal

involving its aid workers. the charity has been accused of concealing the findings of an investigation into the use of prostitutes by its staff in haiti in 2011. helen evans told channel 4 news said she heard of three new allegations of sexual assault in a single day. there was one of a woman being coerced into having sex by an aid worker. this was a woman receiving oxfa m worker. this was a woman receiving oxfam aid? yes. another case where a woman had been coerced to have sex in exchange for aid. and another one where it had come to our attention that a member of staff had been struck off for sexual abuse and had not disclosed that. we were then concerned about what he might be doing. that was three allegations in one day. oxfam‘s deputy chief executive has resigned over the handling of the scandal,

and the charity denies a cover up. we can speak now to marie—rose romain—murphy, who‘s the president of a haitian—led non—profit organisation set up in the aftermath of the 2010 earthquake; alice evans, who‘s a lecturer in international development at king‘s college london; and chloe setter is from a charity called ecpat, which campaigns against child trafficking and prostitution . are paedophiles seeing charities as a way for them to target children? certainly, yes, we have been monitoring this issue for the past 25 years. there are situations where children are extra vulnerable. there is often displacement, war, natural disasters, after these events child trafficking increases. we know that offenders target children who they see as more vulnerable in a way they feel they can operate with more impunity. but we also see situation

or offenders. which we might see in these situations. people who would never consider themselves to be offenders. in some situations where there is chaos, weak and child protection systems, and pressures on those individuals. they feel they can act that way. they are almost operated in a protected microcosm. —— operating in. operated in a protected microcosm. -- operating in. i wonder what make from the claims from one of the people who worked there. a woman was coerced into having sex in exchange foraid. coerced into having sex in exchange for aid. that interview was really troubling. we see this from so many organisations. organisations try to cover up stories of abuse because they are trying to preserve their good name, preserve public trust, secure their ambition for the greater good. we see this in universities, in parliament, it's all over, a real scandal.

marie—rose, how angry are you about what oxfam officials did in haiti after the earthquake? i'm not happy about it. that is a mild way of putting it. on the other hand i have is to tell you come oxfam is taking a beating right now, but i think i want everyone to step back and look at the fact that this isa back and look at the fact that this is a systemic issue. —— i have to tell you, oxfam is taking a beating right now. is it wider than oxfam? yes. it is to do with imbalance of power, which leads to abuse of power. these organisations, you have a context in haiti which is dominated and controlled by very large international organisations.

they very often come. they have a budget that is much larger than many state agencies. they also have political connections. so they come and they have an awful lot of power. let me ask alice, alice, how does this sector need to be monitored and cleaned up? the minister for national in development, —— international development, penny mordaunt, put out a press release saying we need external independent review. trouble is, no organisation, whether it is the labour party, the catholic church, my university, they cannot do this because it would quash their name. we need a well funded public body that investigate abuse across all organisations. this is about organisations preserving their good name and we need that independent review. the minister

also said the uk will be leading a summit on this. i am delighted to see that there will be uk leadership addressing this global issue. the stretch from the british government and the eu to withhold money from oxfa m and the eu to withhold money from oxfam is —— if it doesn‘t sort this out, that‘s fair, isn‘t it? oxfam is —— if it doesn‘t sort this out, that's fair, isn't it? i cannot comment. oxfam does a lot of great work. we need to focus on the victims and potential victims. what mechanisms are there for them to step out —— speak out and report what has happened to them. what‘s been done in terms of police investigations. we have the legislation for british people who commit these sexual crimes abroad. we want a cutdown across the sector. it is not just we want a cutdown across the sector. it is notjust about charities, it‘s about businesses, it‘s about all parts of life where we know child abuse is happening. this is endemic in our society. thank you very much. the uk government has unveiled

a tool it says can accurately detect jihadist content and block it from being viewed. our reporter chris foxx has been talking to the people who developed it. what we have here is an example of our algorithm running in practice. we have tee videos. one is legitimate news content. the other is terrorist propaganda. —— two videos. down the bottom we have our algorithm running. we can see it is flooding this one as very low probability of being terrorist propaganda, and this one as being much higher. you can use this when anybody clicks to upload a video and flag this video for review and let this one through without any problem. they're big tech giants trying to create similar algorithms with a lot more money and they have had more time. they haven‘t been able to crack it completely. why do you have more confident in what you have developed? nobody knows what the tech giants are doing

internally. google misses the point. these videos are on the internet right now. over 1000 different videos on over 400 different platforms. if google and facebook we re platforms. if google and facebook were to solve this problem overnight it would simply move it to the smaller platforms. what we need to do is make the ai expertise available to these other smaller platforms. that is what we are hoping to do with this work. you haven‘t been able to show the algorithm working life today, why is that? there is a sensible level of caution around making sure it is as ha rd caution around making sure it is as hard as possible for them. we cannot go into detail on into how it works, is that because the things they are looking for are easy to defeat? we wa nt to looking for are easy to defeat? we want to be careful about talking about the intricate details of the algorithm. it has been designed to be as robust as possible. it might

just push them underground, onto the dark web, are you worried about that? what we are looking to do is to move this content from the public web. if it requires somebody to have ten passwords, and incredibly complicated browser before they can get a ccess complicated browser before they can get access to content, we see that asa get access to content, we see that as a victory. it means it cannot be shared between friends on their mobile phones and just accessed with an internet browser. we see this as an internet browser. we see this as an incredibly positive feature, if it gets pushed into more and more inaccessible places. tour operator thomas cook is taking british tourists back to tunisia this week for the first time since an isis gunman massacred 38 people — 30 of them british — on a beach in sousse in 2015. until last summer, the foreign office advised against travel there due to the high risk of terrorism. we can speak now to allen pembroke —

who ran back to the location of the attack after first getting his wife to safety, michelle turner in bangor who has booked a holiday to tunisia, and raoufjaiem, a tour you are on the beach, you heard the gunshots, you saw the gunman, you grab your wife and ran to your what has that experience done hotel. what has that experience done to you, would you say? it was traumatic. after taking my wife back i went back to the beach to help the victims. what i saw and experienced was, honestly, horrific. idid manage to save the life of one lady. seeing those images, the horror, the gunshots, it was just a horrific personal experience. what do you think about the news thomas cook is

taking british tourists back there? i appreciate their commercial concern. tourism is important to the tunisian government. and holiday operators. from my own perspective, certainly more should have been done to protect the holiday—makers at that time. they were aware of previous incidents. michelle, did you have any reservations about booking a holiday to tunisia —— holiday to tunisia? -- holiday to tunisia? not at all. the tunisian people are fantastic people and i cannot wait. you had a friend there at the time of the shooting. yes. why hasn't that are not influenced you in terms of staying away? -- why has that not influenced you. there haven't been

any other incidents since. that is why i want to go back. the tunisian people are so friendly, so nice, they do not deserve this. thank you for talking to us, raouf, why should people visit? the british tourist has been, for a very long time, visiting tunisia. more than 50 years. we like, as professionals, the british clientele, because they are nice, because they come almost all year round. so we are really happy. how important is british

tourism for your country‘s economy? it is very important. the british used to be, just in 2014, there were more than 400,000 british guests coming to tunisia. now that they have decided to come back. the first flight have decided to come back. the first flight are starting today with thomas cook. i can tell you that today, just at the start, close to 17,000 bookings have been made for this summer. and on top of that, thompson with tui is starting in may. what can i say? i'm really pleased. i'm sure the flights will be full all the season. thank you

very much, raouf and alan and michelle, thank you your time. that‘s all for today. we are back tomorrow. have a very good day. we have had a mixture of rain, sleet and snow through this morning. for many it has been rain at low levels. but there has been a spate of snow in places. this is in durham, we have public offering. but much of the snow has been over higher ground in scotland. it is a mixture of rain, sleet and snow which will linger further east for the afternoon. but further west, and improving picture with sunshine and a maximum temperature of about four to eight celsius. through this

evening, we will continue with the cloudy weather in the far east, the rain should clear away. clear skies for many in between. that means there will be a frost. but with more cloud in the west, temperatures staying above freezing. all pics of rain, sleet, and hills removing its way in across wales, northern england, some of that could come down to low levels. —— a mixture of rain, sleet and snow moving its way in across wales. this is bbc news and these are the top stories developing at 11. asked to stand down the anc after

jacob zuma to resign. the charity commission begins a statutory inquiry into oxfam as haiti‘s president accuses workers at the charity of violating human dignity. england cricketer ben stokes appears in court and indicates he will plead not guilty to a charge of affray. uk package holidays to tunisia resume after 30 uk holiday—makers we re resume after 30 uk holiday—makers were killed by islamic state. there are plans to stop extremists videos