we didn't really know what the overall structure of a dinosaur genome looked like. as a result of the work that's gone on in this lab, we now have a very close idea and a pretty certainty that it was something very close to a bird. birds are the most diverse species on the planet. they come in so many different shapes and sizes. it's thought that this is because they have 80 chunks of dna, called chromosomes. that's more than three times as many as we have. if dinosaurs have the same genetic structure as birds, then that might explain why there are so many types of dinosaurs. their genetic structure may help to explain why dinosaurs survived so long and are so varied. some are huge. others were tiny. and some flew. it was their genes that enabled them to adapt to the earth's changing conditions over 100 million years, and they were able to do that far faster than any other kind of animal. the current theory is that a giant asteroid wiped out the dinosaurs, when it hit the earth

66 million years ago. the new research suggests that they survived. the fossil evidence now, and our evidence illustrating the genomic structure of dinosaurs, actually reinforces the idea that, actually, rather than being distant relatives, they are actually all one and the same. and that, actually, the birds that are around us now are dinosaurs. so, it's not a question of whether we can bring them back — they never went away. dinosaur genes enable them to change shape and size quickly and so survive for hundreds of millions of years. pallab ghosh, bbc news. now let's return to dublin, where mass is being said by pope francis. annita mcveigh is watching. thank you, shaun. mass continuing at

phoenix park in dublin led by pope francis, and a really very striking opening to the mass, when pope francis, speaking in his native spanish, asked for forgiveness for abuse at all levels, and theologian father eamon conway listening to that with me, you are struck by that, weren't you? deeply moved. it is unprecedented in my experience at the beginning of mass like that for the beginning of mass like that for the holy father to break with the norms of opening a mass which is normally a short right of penance, to speak specifically about the various wounds in the universal church, naming the various contexts in which people have been hurt and wounded and abused here in ireland, in homes for babies and mothers, children in the care of the church, those who were victimised as

children and so on, and he broke into his own native language, i presume so that he could be exactly precise, give the tone he wanted. yes, that is significant. that is the first time he has spoken spanish since he came here, and it was deeply moving, and we heard the spontaneous applause, the welcome. i think that since the contrition was held, and we don't know the numbers yet, the hundreds of thousands of people who were here, we would look a long way before we find anything so significant as what pope francis has done it in the context of the liturgy. and when you couple what he said alongside what the archbishop of dublin said, calling for a new spring for the church in ireland, but a spring that didn't seek to hide what had happened, what was wrong, that was really powerful. hide what had happened, what was wrong, that was really powerfulm was very powerful. it was important that it was done in the context of the families who were here. we were

talking about how amazed they are, the crowds amazed at all the young people here, so i think there are signs of new life based on the honesty of what has happened and learned from that into the future. father eamon, for the moment, thank you very much. we will be hearing the pope delivering his homily soon, wearing those divestment is specially designed for this mass in the colours, or the colour most associated with ireland, green, of course. and the altar or stage that is being used to this, specially designed, you may rememberjohnny donnelly here from the saw doctors,

a new incarnation for you. tell us how you got involved in helping to organise this. they asked my company to help run the show, and part of the show was to come out with the event and to show the whole event and part of that is the whole design of the stage and the altar. so we read the books that the pope is written, and in it he talks about the vine and he talks about surrounding the family and that it is like a wine that matures over time, and that emotion of reading through this, we came up with a circular idea how the stage looks and feels, and we connected it to the joy and feels, and we connected it to thejoy and and feels, and we connected it to the joy and love which is and feels, and we connected it to thejoy and love which is mentioned in the book. so we designed the stage and we have been working with programmes for the last year and a half in everything from building the altar, and that will show the event from eight o'clock this morning until i did not tonight. from eight o'clock this morning untili did not tonight. to from eight o'clock this morning

until i did not tonight. to this was conceived and designed any year and a half, did you say? absolutely. from scratch, the whole thing is based around the book. people just see a stage and an altar, but there isa see a stage and an altar, but there is a very in depth trade and how we ended up getting it all. and looking at the event in croke park last night, great stagecraft in putting that together as well, and although this is a solemn ceremony, people wa nt to this is a solemn ceremony, people want to see an element of stagecraft almost about it when it is an event on this scale with the head of the catholic church. absolutely. there are only a handful of companies in ireland that can do this. we were organised with the main arena, and we have been here for a month building this, and in croke park, that was on top of that again. the powers involved, the audience for three days, and here at phoenix park today. it is testament to the event industry in ireland that they can do

that in such a small country. and have you had a chance to get any reaction from people on the ground? not at all, i have been show calling the event, so i am in my own world of pain at the moment, so when we got the mass side of things, we can pass it over for an got the mass side of things, we can pass it overfor an hour and a half, but as soon as they are off, we are straight back into all the rest of it. i'm going to let you get back to the long list ofjobs that you have to do, but thank you very much for taking the time to talk to us about your involvement in today's event in phoenix park. so, let's listen in a little bit now to the choir. # alleluia

# alleluia # alleluia the lord be with you. and also with you. a reading from the holy gospel according tojohn. you. a reading from the holy gospel according to john. glory to you, lord. after hearing his doctrine, many of

the followers ofjesus said, this is intolerable language. how could anyone accept it? jesus was aware that his followers were complaining about it, and said: does this upset you? what about it, and said: does this upset you ? what if about it, and said: does this upset you? what if you should see the son of man ascends to where he was before? it is the spirit that gives life. the flesh has nothing to offer. the words i have spoken to you our spirit, and they are life. but there are some of you who do not believe, forjesus knew from the

outset those who did not believe and who it was that would betray him. he went on, this is why i told you that no one could come to me unless the father allows him. annita: father eamon, we are expecting the pope to deliver the mass. what are we expecting him to say? the preacher will read the readers, and the pope will use this homily to encourage us as a family of families to understand what lies at the heart of the family. i think it will go back to the ordinary everyday acts of healing and forgiveness, of love, of healing and forgiveness, of love, of selflessness that should characterise family life. the deacon

is now reading the gospel, and then pope francis will come to speak in a few moments. and on the altar is pope francis celebrates this mass, the cross carved into a single piece of wood dating back to the 1700s, which is being used on this occasion. in fa ct, being used on this occasion. in fact, that penal cross, you see how thin it is, it was designed to be hidden in the hand. pope john paul ii celebrated mass here almost a0 yea rs ii celebrated mass here almost a0 years ago, and pope francis following in his footsteps as well when he visited the shrine of knock earlier today. and worth, i think,

repeating how remarkable the opening of this mass was, father eamon. quite extraordinary, it has set the tone for what will now follow in his own words, his words of homily, his words of encouragement to the rebuilding of the irish church, and indeed the world church. translation: at the end of this world meeting of families, we gather asa family world meeting of families, we gather as a family around the table of the lord. we thank god for the many blessings we have received in our families. and we want to commit ourselves to living fully avocation to be in the touching words of saint theresa of the holy child, loving the heart of the church. in this

precious moment of communion with one another and with the lord, it is good to pause and consider the source of all good things we have received. jesus reveals the origin of these blessings in today's gospel. when he speaks to his disciples. many of them were upset, confused or even angry, struggling to accept his hard sayings, the wisdom of this world. in response, the lord tells them directly. the words i have spoken to you are spirit and life. these words, with

the promise of the gift of the holy spirit, are teeming with life for us to accept them in faith. they point to accept them in faith. they point to the ultimate source of all the good that we have experienced and celebrated here in these past few days. the spirit of god, who consta ntly days. the spirit of god, who constantly breathes new life into our world, into our hearts, into our families, into our homes and parishes. each new day in the life of our families, parishes. each new day in the life of ourfamilies, and parishes. each new day in the life of our families, and each new generation, brings a promise of a new pentecost. a domestic pentecost. a fresh outpouring of the spirit, the paraclete who jesus a fresh outpouring of the spirit, the paraclete whojesus ferns is our advocate, alcan

—— our consoler and indeed —— our consolerand indeed our encourager. how much our word needs this encouragement of gods gift and promise in family life. may you go back to your homes and become a source of back to your homes and become a source of encouragement back to your homes and become a source of encouragement to others, to share with them jesus, jesus' world of eternal life. for your families are both a privileged place for spreading the word, and an important means of spreading the good news for everyone. especially those who long to leave behind the desert and the house of bondage to

head for the promised land of hope and freedom. in today's second reading, said paul tells and freedom. in today's second reading, said paultells us and freedom. in today's second reading, said paul tells us that marriage is a sharing in the mystery of christ's undying fidelity to his bride, the church. yes, his teaching, magnificent as it is, can carry a hard saying, because living in love, even as christ loved us, entails imitating his own self—sacrifice. dying to ourselves in order to be born in or greater, enduring love, the love that alone can save our world from its bondage to sin, selfishness, greed and indifference

to the needs of the less fortunate. that is the love we have come to know in christjesus. he became incarnate in our world and family, and for the witness of christian families in every age it has the power to bring down every barrier in order to reconcile the world to god and to make is what we were always meant to be. a single human family, dwelling together in justice, holiness and peace. the path of bearing witness to this good news is not easy, yet the challenges that

christians face today are in their way no less difficult than those faced by the earliest irish missionaries. i think of saint column who brought the gospel to the lands of europe in an age of darkness and cultural dissolution. that extraordinary missionary success was not based on tactical methods or strategic plans, but an eight humble and liberating servility to the holy spirit. it was a daily witness to the fidelity of christ and to each other, yearning for a world of grace, and helped give birth to the culture of europe

that remains a perennial source of spiritual and missionary renewal for god's holy and faithful people. of course, there will always be people who resist the good news, whom murmur at its hard words, yet like st columbanus who faced icy waters in stormy seas to follow jesus, may we waters in stormy seas to follow jesus, may we never waters in stormy seas to follow jesus, may we never be swayed or discouraged by the icy stare of indifference or the stormy winds of austerity. but let us also humbly

acknowledge that if we are honest with ourselves, we, too, can find the teaching ofjesus hard. how difficult it is always to forgive those who hurt us. how challenging always to welcome the migrant and stranger. how painful to bear disappointment, rejection. how inconvenient to protect the rights of the most vulnerable, the unborn or the elderly, who seem to impinge upon our own sense of freedom. yet it is precisely at those times that the lord asks us, what about you? do

you want to go away, too? do you wa nt you want to go away, too? do you want to go away, too? he has sent the spirit to encourage us, and with the spirit to encourage us, and with the lord always at our side, we can answer, we believe. we know that you are the holy one of god. with the people, we too can serve the lord for he is our god. through the sacraments of baptism and confirmation, each christian is sent forth to be a missionary, a missionary disciple. the church as a whole is called to go forth to bring the words of eternal life to all the peripheries of our world. may our celebration today confirm each of

you, parents and grandparents, children and young people, men and women, religious brothers and sisters, contemporaries and missionaries, deacons and priests and bishops, to share the joy of the gospel. share the gospel of the family asjoy gospel. share the gospel of the family as joy for the world. as we now prepare to go our separate ways, s renew our fidelity to the lord and to the vocation he has given to each of us. taking up the prayer of saint patrick. let each of us repeat with ivy, patrick. let each of us repeat with joy, christ within me, christ behind me, christ before me.

applause with the joy of the holy spirit, let us say to him with confidence, lord, to whom shall we go? you have the words of eternal life. applause annita: and applause and appreciation of pope francis's use of irish their towards the end of his homily. he delivered that in italian, so irish, italian and of course at the beginning of the

service, he used his native spanish ina service, he used his native spanish in a powerful prayer appealing for forgiveness for abuse on all levels. it followed the words of the archbishop of dublin, david martin, who called for a new spring for the church in ireland, one which didn't set to forget or hide the darker moments, but which went forward with confidence, and again there was a spontaneous round of applause when he said that, the people gathered here really wanting to hear that message, crying out for that message. people who have a very strong faith, and indeed we must remind ourselves that ireland is a predominantly catholic nation, 70% of the people identifying as catholic. it is a land of very

strong faith. and that manifested here today. we haven't got the official numbers for the crowd gathered at phoenix park, but certainly we are in the hundreds of thousands. half a million was the estimate in advance of this occasion. and looking at the faces of the crowd, many young people, children, wanting to hear the message from pope francis as well. much more coming up injust a couple of moments. hello. after some sunshine on saturday, sunday has been very wet across much of the uk. parts of pembrokeshire have seen 20 millimetres of rain, about an have seen 20 millimetres of rain, aboutan inch, have seen 20 millimetres of rain, about an inch, and have seen 20 millimetres of rain, aboutan inch, and it is have seen 20 millimetres of rain, about an inch, and it is all courtesy of this frontal system which has been working its way

eastwards, bringing rain and strong winds, and they will remain gusty along the channel coast for a time this evening, reaching perhaps a0 or 50 mph before finally the rain clears away from east anglia and south—east england. behind it a few showers continuing overnight. for many, a mainly dry night, some clear spells and not as cool as recent nights, between nine and 15 celsius. over the next few days it will feel a little warmer, some spells of sunshine and also occasional rain, and tomorrow which, away from scotland, is a bank holiday monday, that will come in the form of showers, still with a brisk north—westerly wind, slowly the wind losing strength. the cloud should break to bring some bright and sunny spells, and most will avoid the showers and have a mainly dry day, still quite noticeable breeze, but not as strong as what we have seen through sunday, and in the best of the sunshine, temperatures between

16 the sunshine, temperatures between i6 and 20 celsius, particularly feeling warmer across scotland competitor sunday. the cloud will fin and break through tomorrow evening, and a little more cloud starting to arrive into parts of northern ireland and western scotland, because we are closest to this frontal system here which will eventually bring some outbreaks of rain to the far north of scotland and parts of northern ireland through the afternoon. a noticeable breeze, but had further south and east, mainly dry with spells in sunshine, cloud coming and going and temperatures getting up to maybe 22 or 23 celsius across parts of england and wales, a little cooler for the western coast and maybe the far north of scotland. tuesday into wednesday is complicated slightly by this system over the continent which could generate a few heavy, thundery showers and extend their way up into parts of south—east england and east anglia, but for many, as any showers

start to fade further north and west, most of us will have a mainly dry day with some spells of sunshine. goodbye. this is bbc news. i'm annita mcveigh, live in dublin. the headlines at a o'clock... a mass led by the pope at phoenix park in dublin is attracting huge crowds. pope francis was using his native spanish for praise of forgiveness for abuse at all levels. a huge crowd of up to half a million people have gathered for this final event of the world meeting of families here in dublin. here the other headlines this hour. british—iranian charity worker, nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe, returns to prison in iran, following a three day release. her family hoped she would be granted an extension. senatorjohn mccain, the americam vietnam war hero who became a republican politician and canddate for president, has died at the age of 81.