hello. this is bbc news. the headlines... food prices are expected to rise in the coming months, as farmers feel the effects of this year's extreme weather. an official un report accuses myanmar of carrying out genocide against its rohynga population — and blames the country's leader, aung san suu kyi, of failing to prevent the violence. the myanmar authorities have fostered a climate in which hate speech thrives, numerous violations are legitimised and incitement to discrimination and violence facilitated. the campaign calling for a new brexit referendum is attempting to change labour party policy on the issue, according to a leaked memo. police in florida are working to establish why a gunman opened fire at a video games tournament injacksonville, killing two people. now on bbc news, weather world. the team examine extreme temperatures and their impact on the whisky and wine industries.

this time on weather world, we are in north east scotland and we will be finding out how the weather affects one of this country's favourite exports. from field to bottle, whisky. nick and ifind out what is being done now to safeguard its future whatever the weather. and i'm at a vineyard in west sussex finding out how climate change and technology are shaping the glass of wine you drink at home. also, feeling the heat. temperatures hit new highs with a sweltering multi—continent heatwave. deadly wildfires and the race to escape as they spread at terrifying speed. and flash floods so ferocious they are hard to believe, we will bring you images from the world's biggest

weather stories and storms. plus, out for the count. tracking puffins as they face up to climate change in a fight for survival. whisky, a core part of scotland's national identity and it is a massive moneymaker as well. there are over 100 distilleries and last year exports hit a record high with 1.2 billion bottles going to an almost insatiable overseas market. and this is where it all begins with a crop of malting barley ready to be harvested and i'm going to do just that in that combine over there while sarah finds out how weather can make or break or break a crop like this. let's get this barley cut.

i am joined by ian green, a farmer here in moray, and you watch the weather forecast in a lot of detail. what would be your ideal conditions to produce the perfect crop to go on to make perfect whisky. the perfect weather for us to produce our barley would be moisture in the soil, nice daylight, long daylight and nice sunny days. we have had the sun but not the moisture. this year has been pretty memorable, particularly dry and hot, so how has the weather of this summer affected the quality of the crop? as you can see, the grain is not as full and plump as it should be so you're looking for a nice bold and bright sample of grain, so we have a nice colour because of the sunlight but unfortunately we just have not had enough moisture. that is a job well done but what about looking

forward to climate change, higher temperatures and maybe more intense frequent rainfall and longer droughts? how much is all of that in your mind when it comes to the future of the crop? climate is always in our mind as farmers and growers. with more extreme weathers, we have to react to that extreme weather and the way we grow our crops and harvest, so smaller harvest windows and smaller derailing windows. so smaller harvest windows and smaller drilling windows. thanks very much for showing us your operation and good luck with the rest of the harvest. the first heat of spring. it was so exciting then as europe emerged from the winter cold. the uk enjoyed its hottest april day since 1949 and the hottest early may holiday weekend on record, but unlike recent years, the heat stayed into summer and it got hotter. temperatures soared across europe and by early august,

parts of iberia are in the grip of extreme heat. in portugal the temperature rose above 46. records fall injapan with a deadly heatwave in july seeing the temperatures climbing above 41 celsius for the first time. thousands of people require hospital treatment. the heat hit hard in canada, dozens die in quebec as the temperature tops 30. in australia, a multi—year drought they are calling the big dry continues in new south wales. farmers struggle to feed their cattle and the country's prime minister declares, we are now a land of droughts. back in the uk it is notjust hot but also the driest start the summer on record, and england's green and pleasant land turns brown. a question for you, where did your last enjoyable

glass of wine come from? in the future it could quite easily be somewhere like belgium or vines in england. that is all down to our changing climate. according to international organisation vine and wine, 2017 saw wine production fall to its lowest level in 60 years largely down to traditional winemaking regions being subject to extremes from the weather, but it has created an opportunity for an english vineyards like this one in west sussex. researchers are carrying out studies which could be crucial to some vineyards‘ future survival. just show us what we're looking at, what this is, first of all. so this is like a logger for temperature. this logger records the temperature every hour, so the minumum and maximum temperature. and quite a few of these around. 19.

what data will you take off this? the minimum and maximum temperature for every area. we do this 365 days a year. a particularly warm day here in west sussex but going to the top end of the vineyard, we talk about the different climate between wine regions, but within a vineyard microclimates can be outstanding. we are at the top of the vineyard and it is the difference between the top and bottom of the vineyard, it can be around three, 4 degrees. that is a remarkable difference over one field. what kind of impact does that have on the grapes and how they grow? these will be more sugary, less acidic. for the same varieties. i suppose the research may help people how to plan. find somewhere else for a more suitable climate.

fantastic, thank you very much. later in the programme, we will be looking a bit closer to home at how climate change is affecting the english the english wine industry. hot, dry and now on fire. wildfires rage on the moorland of northern england, some of the worst in living memory, and the scale of the devastation is hard to believe. these fires are in sweden, stretching up to the arctic circle, where the temperature soars to new highs. in the usa, california's fire season is off to the worst start in a decade claiming several lives. within weeks, a number of huge fires are alight including the largest in the state's history, burning an area the size of los angeles. and disaster in greece injuly as a wildfire sweeps north—east of athens, killing more than 80 people. this fire like many of the others was started deliberately.

india in may, and deadly dust storms, the worst in decades, sweeping across the north as the pre—monsoon heat heats. —— heat pea ks. over 100 people are killed. the monsoon rains bring heat relief. but in the indian state of kerala, the worst flooding in a century, hundreds killed in august and hundreds more in flooding across india. in the uk, the summer heat is occasionally interrupted by strong thunderstorms, and the flash flooding that follows. and injapan, as the weather swings wildly from extreme heat to this, historic flooding swamping large areas of the country and killing around 200 people injuly, the worst flooding disaster here since 1982. earlier on we looked

at barley production. this summer's hot and dry weather may well affect the harvest. now we are on the hills above the glenlivet whisky distillery. the water here flows overground in streams and also underground in springs as well. and scientists from the university of aberdeen are here doing research to potentially safeguard the future. you are looking into the potential future impact of climate change. why is that important to the distillery? yes, with future climate projections we are expecting more extreme periods. of low flows and high temperatures, so reduced rainfall. what we're looking at for the project is the potential for using nature—based solutions to increase the volumes of water available and also more stable temperatures. so can you show me some of the monitoring that goes on here?

we use this to measure the level of the stream, the volumes of the stream water, and also the temperature. while sarah and jess get on with that i am withjosie from the university of aberdeen. we found that volume of water, temperature of water is important for the distillery, and with climate change both of those may be difficult to achieve. how do you mitigate that? what are the nature—based solutions thatjess was talking about? the solutions are management strategies and are designed by our understanding of the natural processes occurring. you might have heard of the solution in the context of the other hydrological extremes like flooding. what the strategies are designed for is to hold back and storm water in the landscape and make that return to our streams slower. —— and store water.

and the keyword is natural. how important is it that it is natural for the good of the environment? we don't want to be building any more of these structures and keeping the integrity of the landscape, but, moreover, these can have multiple benefits, not only potentially helping to mitigate floods and droughts, but it could also help to increase biodiversity and improve water quality and even carbon storage. thank you. that is the water covered, we have harvested the barley and just beyond those trees as the distillery where the two come together and the magic happens to produce whisky. we are going there soon. and now some of the weather watcher pictures, from the lightning storms that have let up the skies across parts of the uk in may. —— lit up the sky. around 15,000 lightning strikes were recorded in just four hours. to become a weather watcher, sign up by going to our website. and coming up, i'm back

at a vineyard in west sussex finding out how climate change is shaping the english wine industry. we are looking at how weather and climate impact the world—famous whisky industry in scotland. earlier we saw how maintaining the quantity and temperature of the water supply is so important, and now we're in the distillery, where the barley we saw harvested earlier comes in here with the water and is all mixed together in the mashed up, where it is heated and you end up with a sugary liquid. —— in the mash tun. this is transferred from the mash tun into the wash bag where it is cooled, it foments and you get alcohol. then all of this comes into play, talk about charlie and the chocolate factory with an alcoholic twist. what does this do? these whiskey stills are a real work of art shaped to an exact

specification, which helps to create the unique flavour of the whiskey. ronald can tell us a bit more about exactly what is happening. here we are doing a double distillation, taking the beer and putting it through stills. the first set to my right are wash stills that take the alcohol to about 30% and the spirit stills take it up to about 60%. -- 68%. cooling waters are an important part of the process and the use about 2.5 million litres a day, the same as an olympic sized swimming pool. earlier on and we metjess and josie who are doing research into the temperature and volume of the water, so why is that so important to? we have a lot of experience of the amount of water we need for cooling purposes, but in terms of the processed water we need, we are using that

for a cooling process where we take the liquid into the wash—backs. what that means is that if the temperature is likely to increase in future we would need more water to do the same job, which could limit production. so earlier on we were talking to a barley farmer who was explaining that his yield could be smaller this year. what impact or that have on future operations? in terms of the longer—term outlook, we have had work done that suggests climate change might mean more soils could be suitable for growing barley in the north of scotland, but to counteract that, some might need some irrigation in future. thank you forjoining us. a little bit later in the programme, we are hoping to get better acquainted with the final product. and now our weather review continues with flash floods and these breathtaking scenes from turkey in may. a man clings to the bonnet

of a car as it is swept away after torrential rain in ankara. several people were injured. this is the us state of maryland, also in may, after 200 millimetres of rain injust two hours, barely two years since the summer a similarflood devastated the city. and it's a dramatic rescue in iran in april, as a man is pulled to safety in flooding affecting towns and cities. switzerland in august, and a torrent of mud triggered by heavy storms crashes into an alpine village, catching onlookers by surprise, nobody hurt. after the flood and mud has gone, sometimes the damage can't be repaired. turkey again injuly, and a building collapses after flooding

destroyed its foundations. this is fiji in april, feeling the force of a second cyclone in as many weeks. the prime minister says this pacific island nation is in a fight for survival as climate change brings almost constant deadly cyclones. may, and a rare powerful cyclone hits the arabian peninsula, the storm went on to make landfall in oman, the most intense here in modern records. it has been an unusually quiet tornado season in the usa, but how is this for a stunning view in wyoming injuly? and these holiday—makers in russia got more than they expected on a trip to the beach with an amazing view of a water spout, a torando over water, swirling over the black sea injuly. how many of you?

13 — brilliant. lost and now found, thailand injuly, and 12 boys and their football coach are located deep within flooding caves, setting off a rescue mission that is a race against time as monsoon rains could have left them stranded for months. now to greenland. injuly, a large iceberg prompts evacuations, as it breaks up, sending flooding tsunamis towards the coastline. this is how they deal with ice in china, just blow it up. that is explosives. breaking up the ice in spring lessens the risk of flooding when the temperature rises. but these people are very excited by ice and snow. you don't see very often in chile's capital santiago, where there was a light covering injune. and the prize for the slushiest snowball fight ever goes to this one featuring the chilean president and his wife. there was a time when you couldn't imagine a quality english wine being produced from grapes like this

but that has changed. here is the manager of the wine division at plumpton college. thank you forjoining us, chris. good afternoon. you have been involved in the wine industry for 30 years — what has changed with the english wine industry? the industry has completely changed — when i came here 30 years ago we were producing german—style wines, chardonnay and pinot noir were nowhere near able to ripen, but now we're excellent sparkling wines and even some very good still wines. what are the big driver, technology or climate change? the most important is climate change — the vines are extremely responsive to different climates, and that is what defines english wine. ripening in cool climates. while the english wine industry benefits, other parts of the world traditionally known for producing great wines are struggling? absolutely, and the big problem

is lack of water because higher temperatures often means more evaporation, but they are getting varieties ripening too early in the year, and they get heavy, alcoholic wines which are not that exciting. we have one of the most intensively monitored vineyards in the world and we are monitoring all the temperature at a local scale, and also the growth of the vines, and we can take some measurements through just looking at the vines, but the drone can get us numeric data we can process to see how the vines are growing in different regions of the vinyard. we couldn't come to a vineyard without trying a glass of wine so shall we try one now? come on then. who would have thought decades ago we would be sitting here enjoying an award—winning english sparkling wine? rivalling the champagne region.

with climate change, what next? in england now, we have the climate that champagne had in the 20th century, saoin a few years maybe we will be as warm as the loire valley or possibly even bordeaux in 50 years. looking further south, across europe? thank you. cheers. just as a changing climate can bring opportunities, for one of britain's favourite sea birds, the puffin, the challenges are serious and potentially deadly. as jennifer barton reports from the farne islands off the coast of northumberland. surrounded by the rich waters of the north sea, the rocky islands of the farnes are home to thousands of them, and every five years national trust rangers carry out the painstaking three months task of counting every single one, investigating each burrow for signs of life. it is easy to see why the puffin is one of her favourite sea birds —

they are colourful and charismatic, but also under threat. the atlantic puffin is on the red list of threatened species, meaning globally it is a danger of extinction. over the last decade numbers have dropped by thousands and it's thought climate change could be to blame as warming seas affect their main source of food, sand eels. in some places we're seeing the sand eels are moving north which means the puffins have to forage a lot further away to find food. we basically think that increased storm events mean increased mortality events which really affects the puffin population. we have been on quite a whisky journey here in scotland, seeing the barley in the fields and the water coming in, and now at last the final product, we are doing some tasting. i have been looking forward to this all day long and to take us through our tasting, the guide is megan, so what is first on the menu. we will start with first

our founders reserve. if you take it up and have little smell, you should be getting through some citrusy fruits, fresh orange, lemon and lime. quite zingy. however, if you go ahead and try it, the flavours will slightly change, it will still be very sweet. however, it is a different type of sweetness coming through, so you will get some syrupy fruits such as pear and even toffee apple, believe it or not, so very different. i don't drink whisky very often. it always surprises me how strong it is! i understand before it gets to the glass sun will evaporate from the cask? exactly, and here we lose roughly about 2% alcohol volume every single year, so we think it is quite a lot but it is not compared the warmer countries, so in barbados they lose roughly

about 12% alcohol every year, so we are very lucky in scotland. so the climate of scotland is perfect for whisky. but the weather varies across scotland very much so in different regions you can really taste different flavours? i would say it's more down to production. within the barley and the water, not too much flavour change, but with production, different types of stills and shapes and stills give you different character. that is lovely but we have something even more special? so we are going to be trying the 18—year—old. 0n the nose? you're taking my job! and, finally, you may have heard of whiskey on the rocks but here is a panda on the rocks. ice used to good effect to keep giant pandas cool at a zoo

in guangdong, in china. and that's it for this time, from the glenlivet distillery. from plumpton college, cheers. don't forget you can see highlights from the previous programmes online. until next time, keep checking the forecast. cheers. have a smell of this first. if i have to... you are getting those flavours coming through but there's a little more spiciness. i can get marzipan from that one. lovely. sorry, ijust forget how strong it is! every time! i'm not a whisky drinker. it may be obvious by now. cheers! and and job but somebody in the! to

whether —— a tough job but somebody has to do it. anyway, the weather. things are improving, better day on the cards. already the case for eastern scotland, eastern england, the sun out. through today, not a huge amount of rain in the forecast, pressure building uk wide, so dry, starting to feel a little warmer as well. not completely dry at the moment. lots of showers across western area so moment. lots of showers across western area so far moment. lots of showers across western area so far today. showers most frequent across parts of north—west england and the midlands, some across south wales and south—west scotland, too, pushing eastwards on the breeze, but one or two in the yorkshire at the moment. eastern areas, some of them seem few showers at all. reseeding down into the afternoon. —— going down into the afternoon. —— going down into the afternoon. —— going down into the afternoon. the late afternoon, very few showers to speak of. one or

two in scotland in lan admittedly but sunny spells for many. warmer across north—eastern scotland and north east england, 16 degrees for right a few. some areas of northern ireland ten to be dry, some showers on the western side of the pennines and one or two close to leeds for the carnival. 0ne and one or two close to leeds for the carnival. one or two isolated at notting hill carnival. not com pletely notting hill carnival. not completely dry with temperatures around 20—22. sunny in the south—west of england and the channel islands. into the night the showers will fade. should be a dry night and the exception will be across western scotland, northern ireland. increases later on and by the end of the night, the western isles could turn a bit on the wet side. clear skies and eastern scotla nd side. clear skies and eastern scotland and eastern england, temperatures down into single figures to start tuesday but for the journey back to work for many of you, try starc, sunny as well. the big exception will be the western

isles, wet and windy. rain spilling into the western highlands later on. maybe into the far west of northern ireland but most of you will be dry, sunny spells and temperatures roughly on a par with today's values, high teens is not to 20s. tonight, rain will spread across northern ireland and scotland then will fade a little bit. into wednesday, watch for some thundery showers. in the south—west corner, then they will clean away in the sunshine will come out and temperatures will pick up. that's it for now. this is bbc news. the headlines... food prices are expected to rise in the coming months, as farmers feel the effects of this year's extreme weather. an official un report accuses myanmar of carrying out genocide against its rohynga population, and blames the country's leader, aung san suu kyi, of failing to prevent the violence. the rohingya are in a continuing

situation of severe, systemic and institutionalised aggression from birth till death. also coming up... police in florida are working to establish why a gunman opened fire at a video games tournament, killing two people. 0fficials injacksonville say the 24—year—old suspect then turned the gun on himself.