nearly 400 people are known to have died, but there's been no word yet from the city at the quake's epicentre, donggala, which is home to 300,000 people. there's been a surge in the number of people in china infected with hiv and aids. in the past year, the total has risen by 14%. china had previously been seen as a global leader in tackling the spread of the virus. in brazil, thousands of women have been leading protests against the far—right frontrunner in next week's presidential elections. jair bolsonaro is leading in opinion polls. they accuse him of being a misogynist and homophobe. he denies the allegations. now on bbc news, cameroon is fighting a war on two fronts. using the latest investigative techniques, the bbc‘s africa eye team analyses who is commiting atrocities and why. this special programme contains distressing images from the start. hello and welcome to africa eye.

cameroon uncovered. today we're talking about cameroon. as the country prepares for the presidential elections next month, its government is fighting two wars. the first is a conflict between french—speaking state security forces and armed insurgents from the country's minority english—speaking regions who complain of institutional discrimination. the second, a war that spilt over from neighbouring nigeria in the north of the country. a fight against the jihadist group boko haram. the two conflicts are bloody and dangerous territory for journalists, making access almost impossible. both the government troops and the rebels have been accused of human rights violations, kidnappings, extrajudicial killings and burning of schools and villages. today we'll be showing you two films from the bbc africa eye investigations team. using open source techniques, analysing and carefully verifying online material that has trickled out of these two conflicts, they present some of the abuses

and their perpetrators. yelling. this is the village of kuke mbomo being burnt to the ground. for months now, images like these have been pouring out of cameroon on social media. some show burning villages, others record acts of torture and killing. many are too graphic to show. taken together, these films show a country sliding into civil war as the government tries to suppress an armed insurgency. so, what's going on? africa eye has analysed some of these videos,

checked them against satellite imagery and spoken with eyewitnesses on the ground. for the first time, we show you who is committing these atrocities and why. this is a conflict that has been building for decades. at its root is a division between cameroon's french—speaking majority and its english—speaking minority, concentrated in the west of the country. after cameroon gained its independence in 1960, the two parts of the country formed a single nation. even then, some english speakers felt they'd been forced into the new republic. ever since, anglophones have complained that their regions are neglected and excluded from power. the current conflict began

in 2016 when lawyers, students and teachers took to the streets to protest. activists were arrested and several protesters were shot by security forces. the crackdown intensified anglophone resentment, fuelling demands for secession and transforming this into an increasingly violent rebellion. by late 2017, separatists were symbolically proclaiming the independence of a new state that they call ambazonia. since then, there have been reports of atrocities on all sides, kidnappings, extrajudicial killings and burnings of villages. this is one of those villages seen in a video recorded in april this year. the film shows a unit of at least 13 soldiers setting fire to a house.

the location can be confirmed by matching buildings to satellite imagery as well as by fire damage in this subsequent video from the same village. these men appear to be government troops. the fatigues, the helmets and the black webbing at all consistent with those worn by cameroon's rapid intervention battalion, an elite army unit that has been trained by us and israeli forces. here they are again in a 2016 video seen with a distinctive bir on their webbing. a local resident told the bbc that the troops that destroyed houses in azi belonged to the bir. but a government minister said that the identity of the men in this video is unclear. a few days later in early may,

this video was posted to facebook. we have examined the footage frame—by—frame and confirmed that this was filmed in the village of kuke mbomo. this satellite image from april 16 2018. lower resolution imagery from after the raid clearly shows that by may 22, many of these buildings have been destroyed. amateur footage also captured an attack on a village of munyenge on april 29. lower resolution imagery from after the raid clearly shows that by may 22, many of these buildings have been destroyed. amateur footage also captured an attack on a village of munyenge on april 29.

gunfire. this video shows the town centre ablaze and reveals this distinctive landmark which can be seen again in a video of the aftermath posted on may fourth. satellite imagery from before and after this attack shows the extent of the destruction. the bbc has spoken with three residents of munyenge who all say the village was destroyed by government forces. one man claimed troops also committed other atrocities. these are not isolated incidents. analysis of satellite imagery shows extensive fire damage in villages across the south—west region. kwa kwa. bole. kumukumu. bekora.

we cannot confirm who is responsible for torching these villages but lawyer and activist agbor nkongho blames government forces. the government denies this. government forces have also been accused of unlawful killings and torture. this video recorded in may 2018 appears to show cameroonian gendarmes torturing a separatist commander. the full video is too graphic to show but

the men in inflicting the beating are repeating the phrase, "you've killed gendarmes, no?" our analysis of the video places it outside the national gendarmerie in the village of nkongle. the government told us that they are investigating this incident. it's notjust the government committing these abuses. separatist rebels have also killed cameroonian security forces and attacked civilians accused of working with the government. cameroonian authorities say that 81 members of the security forces and more than 100 civilians have been killed by separatists in the past year.

the rebels have also attacked and burnt down schools. this teacher was shot for keeping his school open. yelling. this new video shows a village chief being beaten apparently by a rebel militia. his tormentors are threatening to kill him if the government doesn't respond within 2a hours. thousands of families have been forced from their homes by the fighting. 21,000 people have fled across the border into nigeria. the un estimates that a further 160,000 are displaced within cameroon. many like the people shown in this video are still hiding in the forest. first let's hear the government position on the anglophone crisis given by issa tchiroma bakary,

cameroon's minister of communication. this has to be brought to the knowledge of all of your listeners. we are victims of this barbaric, unlawful and unacceptable aggression. the secession is terrorist. they make life impossible. they prevent students from studying, people from going to school. this is an abominable crime. you say that there is a human rights violation from both sides. this assessment is completely wrong. our nation is fighting against secession and our soldiers are the representatives of the nation. whatever they undertake, they do it on behalf of the nation, on behalf of the government. the government has never, ever, given the instruction to burn down or to mishandle cameroonians, in whichever circumstances. in case it happens, all measures to be taken have already been taken. but in case a group of soldiers were caught red—handed in violation of human rights, they are completely disarmed and brought to book. we have found some evidence

of the cameroonian military actually burning down villages and torturing some of these alleged insurgents. how do you explain such abuses and would you say that the government is actually in the process of sanctioning some of these perpetrators? i would like to remind you that whatever takes place in this area, it is taking place in cameroon. the responsibility of the government is to prevent it from taking place. the protection of all citizens depends and rests on the government. in case there is wrongdoing

committed by the military, no matter when and where, a full investigation is led and the perpetrators of certain illegal actions, human rights abuses, all of them would be arrested and brought to book. but the army is also fighting another war in the far north of the country. this time against the jihadist group boko haram. it's a war that has been ongoing for more than four years. there, the cameroonian armed forces have been accused of executing civilians. one particular video which went viral lastjuly showed soldiers killing two women and two children. bbc africa eye has analysed this footage to find out when and where it happened and who is responsible. this film contains disturbing images. these women and children are being led to their deaths. the soldiers accused them of belonging to the jihadist group boko haram.

in the final scene of this video, too graphic to show here, they are blindfolded, forced to the ground and shot at close range 22 times. one of the women still has the baby strapped to her back. the video began to circulate on july the 10th 2018. some claimed that this atrocity took place in mali. but others said it was filmed in the far north of cameroon, where government soldiers have been fighting boko haram since 2014. the government of cameroon initially dismissed the video as fake news. one month later, they announced seven members of the military

were under investigation. but there has still been no official admission that these killings were carried out on cameroonian soil by government soldiers, and there is still no guarantee that anyone will be held to account. so how can we tell what really happened here? over the next few minutes we are going to follow these women and children on the short walk to the end of their lives, and to glean from this video the clues that tell us where this happened, when it happened, and who was responsible for this atrocity. gunshots. this looks like the kind of dusty anonymous track that could be anywhere in the sahel. but the first a0 seconds of the film capture a mountain range

with a distinctive profile. we spent hours trying to match this range to the topography of northern cameroon. then, in latejuly, we received a tipoff from a cameroonian source. "have you looked at the area near zelevet?" close to the town of zelevet we found a match for the ridge line. it places the scene on a dirt road just outside a village called krawa mafa. a few hundred metres away is the border with nigeria. the video also reveals other details that can be matched precisely to what we see on the satellite imagery. this track, these buildings. and these trees. putting all this evidence together, we can say with certainty

that the killings happened here. less than a kilometre away, in zelevet, we found this compound and identified it as a combat outpost used by the cameroonian military in their fight against boko haram. we will come back to this base later. exactly when the killings took place is, at first sight, harder to say. but again, the video contains clues. this building is visible in satellite imagery, but only until february 2016. the murders must have happened before that date. satellite images also capture this structure. the walls surrounding it are present in imagery dated march 2015, but had not yet been built in november 2014, giving us an earliest possible date for the atrocity. the video also reveals this

footpath, a path that only appears in the hot dry season between january and april. there are other, less obvious clues in the video. as they lead these women away, the soldiers, like moving sundials, cast shadows on the track. a simple mathematical formula tells us the angle of the sun in comparison to the horizon. we can also see what direction the light is coming from. when we add this data to the location, we can get a precise timeframe for this event. the killings happened between march 20 and april 5, 2015. we now know where this happened. and we know when it happened. but who are the men who murdered these women and children? injuly, issa tchiroma bakary,

cameroon's minister of communications, insisted the killers are not cameroonian soldiers, and presented what he claimed was irrefutable evidence from the video itself. the weapons, he said, are not those used by the cameroonian army in this area of operation. but our analysis shows that one of these guns is a serbian—made zastava m21. it is rare in sub—saharan africa, but it is used by some divisions of the cameroonian military. bakary also claimed that a close examination of the video shows the soldiers wearing colourful forest—style camouflage. in the far north, he said, cameroonian soldiers wear pale desert—style fatigues. a closer look at the evidence reveals this. cameroonian soldiers, seen here in a 2015 report by channel 4 news, filmed

in zelevet, wearing dark forest—style fatigues similar to those seen in the video. on facebook we also found these pictures of other cameroonian soldiers wearing the same type of camouflage. the images are tagged to zelevet. bakary also questioned why the soldiers are not wearing the standard combat gear of troops stationed in that area — heavy helmets, bullet—proof vests, and ranger‘s boots. the answer is that the soldiers were not out on patrol. they were just a few hundred metres away from the combat outpost we saw earlier. we know that this is a military base because we matched the features visible on satellite imagery to the details in the channel 4 news report that was shot here in 2015. in august this year, an amnesty international

investigator spoke with residents of zelevet who had been displaced by the fighting to a nearby town. among them was a man who said that he saw these women and children being brought into the base by cameroonian soldiers. a short while after they were led away, he said he heard gunfire. in august, there was a sudden change in the government's position. after weeks of denying that these killings took place in cameroon, bakary announced that seven members of the cameroonian military had been arrested and were under investigation. our analysis has identified three men who actually pulled the trigger. one of them is this man, introduced at the start of the film as tchotcho. we found a facebook profile that links the nickname tchotcho to a soldier called cyriaque bityala. a cyriaque bityala is among

the detainees named by the government. the bbc has also spoken with a former cameroonian soldier who confirmed that this is tchotcho cyriaque bityala. at the end of the film we see him again, blindfolding the little girl he is about to kill. a few seconds later he draws his weapon and opens fire. our analysis identified two other guns that were used in the killing. one of them was in the hands of this man. we see him here blindfolding the woman with the baby seconds before the shooting starts. 0ur military source identified him as barnabas gonorso. although we were not able to confirm this identification, a very similar name, barnabas donossou, appeared 11 days later on the government's list of soldiers now under investigation. the third weapon used in the killing is the zastava m21 we saw earlier. it is in the hands of a man

introduced in the video as second—class cobra. so who is cobra? as the women and children are killed, cobra is the last man still firing into the bodies. one of his colleagues calls out, "tsanga, leave it, they're dead." when he still doesn't stop shooting, they call out again. "that's enough, tsanga, that's enough." the name tsanga also appears in the list of men under investigation, suggesting that cobra is a nickname for lance—corporal tsanga. another man named among those arrested is etienne fabassou. he is the platoon commander who was interviewed by channel 4 news in 2015. as far as we can tell he does not appear in the video.

we put these findings to the government of cameroon, who responded. seven soldiers were arrested and disarmed. they are under investigation right now. i can confirm that all seven of them are in prison. the government's statement on the arrests makes clear that all these men enjoy the presumption of innocence until the investigation has been concluded, and that all of them will be given a fair trial. no due process was extended to the two women killed outside zelevet, and no presumption of innocence was afforded to the children who died with them. you have been watching africa eye: cameroon uncovered. for more from bbc africa eye, please go to our youtube channel and of course tell us where you stand on our bbc africa social media platforms.

thanks for watching. hello there. yesterday was a quiet day of whether here in the uk but what a contrast across the east of the mediterranean where we had this. the medi—cane. it brought some localised flooding and heavy rain in greece. a few boats were pushed onshore

and one or two capsized in the rough seas. here in the uk, the crazy swan lady picture, capturing the sunset. we will probably have a similar, fine sunrise to start the day. particularly across the midlands, east anglia and south—west england. —— south—east england. a few showers to start the day for the far north and west of scotland. the combination of clear skies and light winds across the south—east it's here where temperatures will really deep down. -- dip. a cold start for the early rises, behind the front, the air is cool. temperatures are perhaps a degree down than what we saw on saturday. it will feel cooler due to the strength of the wind across scotland where there will be plenty of blustery showers. the cloud will tend to come and go

for england and wales. probably not as much sunshine as we enjoyed on saturday but not a bad kind of day. a few showers on the north winds. perhaps a few showers sneaking across the isle of man and the north of wales. otherwise, a fine and dry day. temperatures for many between 12 and 15. as we look at the forecast through the night time, a ridge of high pressure builds in and that is how we start the day on monday. it means it will be at chilly start to the day. we could have pockets of frost in the coldest areas in debt countryside. the weather clouds over. we will see some rain arriving in scotland, particularly for the northern nile, the highlands. —— northern ireland. still, mainly dry day in northern ireland, england and wales. temperatures, for many, between 12 and 15 degrees stop looking at the forecast deeper into the week ahead, northern areas, cloudy.

some more cloud and a bit more rain. it will stay quite breezy as well. temperatures in glasgow generally around 11—14 degrees. perhaps a bit of rain in manchester but by and large, england having some fine weather. it will be bit cloudy. that is your forecast. this is bbc news. i'm martin stanford. our top stories: indonesia's search and rescue operations continue as officials say a tsunami could have claimed at least a thousand lives. relief efforts are under way as aftershocks continue — emergency services are struggling to reach the earthquake's epicentre at donggala, home to 300,000 people. and we have a special report from eastern russia, and the home village of one of the men believed to be a suspect in the novichok poisoning in the uk. in brazil, thousands protests

against jair bolsonaro — the presidential candidate who denies his campaign has stoked racist and sexist support.