tonight at ten — the soaring cost of treating type 2 diabetes, and the threat to the future of the nhs. the condition, linked to obesity, now affects more than 3.5 million people across the uk, and the numbers are increasing sharply. this is nobody‘s fault but mine. i don't blame doctors, i don't blame surgeons, i don't blame anybody but myself. if i'd done what i'd been told, i wouldn't have been in this situation. as doctors advise more exercise and a healthier diet, they're concerned at the ever—rising numbers of prescriptions being written. the complications of diabetes are devastating, as far as trying to continue with the life that you've had before. and i think that's what people don't necessarily realise when they hear about type 2 diabetes. we'll have the latest figures, as experts say that diabetes is now taking up 10% of the total nhs budget. also tonight... the officer down at the borderline, officer down.

a former us marine opens fire in a bar in california, killing 12 people, including a policeman. as soon as we heard a shot we dropped to the floor. my friend was like, "get down." the shooting was on that side so our friends got the bar stools and they slammed them against the windows so we could get out. prince charles, a long—standing campaigner on environmental issues, says he'll avoid making a public stand on controversial topics when he becomes king. toshiba's plans to build a nuclear power station in cumbria, creating thousands of jobs, have been abandoned. and a century after the armistice, we ask how germany is approaching the anniversary, and the legacy of two world wars. and coming up on sportsday on bbc news, keatonjennings ends his two year wait for a test century, as england take control of the first test in sri lanka. good evening.

the soaring cost of treating diabetes presents a "real risk" to the future of the nhs, according to health experts. the latest figures show the number of prescriptions being issued to diabetics in england had almost doubled in ten years. a decade ago some 30 million prescriptions were written in england. now it's some 53 million, with the biggest increases for type 2 diabetes, which affects the vast majority of patients and is closely linked to obesity. it's a problem that affects all of the uk. more than 3.5 million people have the condition, most of whom need prescribed medicine. and care for diabetics is now costing the nhs an estimated 10% of its total budget in england and wales. our health correspondent dominic hughes reports. stephen richardson, 58 years old, and learning to walk again.

this is where his type 2 diabetes has led him. that's the actual wound there. the condition can lead to circulation and nerve problems, so even a small foot infection can quickly become life—threatening. the consultant said, "we'll have to take it off this afternoon, "otherwise you'll be dead tomorrow." for years, stephen ignored advice on diet and exercise. but now he's part of a grim statistic, one of 170 people a week who end up having an amputation linked to diabetes. this is nobody‘s fault but mine. i don't blame doctors, i don't blame surgeons, i don't blame anybody but myself. if i'd done what i was told, i wouldn't have been in this situation. the tragedy for stephen is it didn't need to come to this. lifestyle factors, obesity, a poor diet, and lack of exercise are strongly linked to type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 90% of all cases in the uk.

two thirds of adults and more than a third of children in the final year of primary school are overweight or obese. and yet many simply don't realise how serious a condition it can be. the number of people who die as a direct consequence of type 2 diabetes is high. 30% of people with diabetes will have heart disease, heart attacks and strokes. the complications of diabetes are devastating, as far as trying to continue with the life you have had before, and i think that's what people do not necessarily realise when they hear about type 2 diabetes. alongside the personal cost is the growing financial burden on the health service. stephen is one of nearly 4 million people in the uk living with diabetes. another 12 million risk developing the condition. it raises the question of whether the nhs can cope in the future. the cost to the nhs is really considerable. about 10% of the nhs's budget is committed to all diabetes care. so the cost of diabetes in the future still represents

a really big risk to the nhs, there's absolutely no doubt about that. so how to beat the challenge posed by diabetes? on a chilly saturday morning park run in manchester, debbiejones is trying to do just that. she's a type 2 diabetic who's been running for ten months. in that time, she's reduced her medication, and her blood sugar levels are under control. when you've finished, about five minutes after you finish, you feel fantastic. that's the bit that keeps me coming each saturday, if you can bottle that. i feel so good afterwards. and you just feel energised for the day. the growing number of people being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes means more of us will face the prospect of living with and managing the condition. and that's why doing things like this, getting exercise, eating a good diet, living a healthy lifestyle, is so important for all of us. taking control of how we live, making lifestyle changes, is the key to reducing the impact of diabetes.

failing to do so could have serious consequences — for us and the health service. dominic hughes, bbc news. our health editor hugh pym is here. let's pick up on the point about the extent of this problem. how indeed the nhs can cope with it? it's going to bea the nhs can cope with it? it's going to be a very big challenge looking ahead and if you think more than half of type 2 diabetes cases are said to be preventable, but is they are linked to lifestyle, diet and so on, you see what a big problem it is for individual responsibility and society, not just the for individual responsibility and society, notjust the nhs. it could be this increase in diabetes cases over the last decade could be because the nhs is better at diagnosing it, people are living longer with the condition, there may be more prescriptions because there are more treatments now available. even so health campaigners and

charities are saying today governments really do need to take action. the scottish and welsh governments outlined diabetes strategies in the summer, england has a strategy that is criticised for not going far enough and that has been reworked. looking ahead with the childhood obesity figures coming down the line, there is a big problem ahead for england and the rest of the uk. that being said it is an international problem as well with other leading economies in a similar position. hugh pym, our health editor, with the latest on that growing problem of diabetes. in southern california, 13 people, including a police officer and a gunman, have died in a shooting incident. it happened late last night in thousand oaks, a city some a0 miles west of los angeles. the gunman has been identified as a 28—year—old former us marine, who took his own life. live to southern california and our correspondent james cook. yes, we are hearing a little more detail about 28—year—old ian long. he was a machine gunner with the us

marine corps. it served previously in afghanistan and there has been concerns previously about his behaviour. he has had interactions with the police, there have been worries about his mental health, and it seems that a broken mind really carried out what turned out to be carnage in the bar behind me here. i have to warn users report is distressing, but also flashing images. —— i have to warn you this report is distressing but also contains flashing images. officer down. for the united states, this is the nightmare that never ends. it could be las vegas, orlando, virginia tech or sandy hook. but, this time, it is thousand oaks at the borderline bar and grill. it was college night and the place was packed with young people enjoying country music and dancing, when the shooting started. i saw the gunmen with his gun drawn at the front where you pay. as soon as we heard a shot, we dropped to the floor.

i saw the shots go off as well as hearing them. he shot the front desk cashier. and ourfriends got the bar stool and they started to bang against the window so we could get out. we stayed behind the stage, got out, went through the kitchen, went through the back door. i watched an officer get shot in front of me and i had to help drag him to throw him in the back of the cop car. that officer was sergeant ron helus. he'd been outside on the phone to his wife when the shooting started. he told her he loved her and ran into the building. the sergeant passed away at the hospital about an hour ago. sergeant ron helus was on the force for 29 years. he was looking to retire in the next year or so. speaking to people here, you get a sense of shock and a sense of despair but what's really striking is the absence of surprise. america has come to expect mass shootings. the gunmen was a local

man, ian david long, a 28—year—old former marine. he had had run—ins with police before and they had concerns about his mental health. but although his handguns extended magazine is illegal in california, he'd bought the weapon itself lawfully. why do you think this keeps happening in the united states of america? i don't know. if i knew the answer to that, i'd do something to stop it. this city is ranked as one of the safest communities in the nation. but no corner of this country is immune from the american plague of gun violence. ijust saw the news, he was one of the 11 killed last night. his name was cody coffman. my first—born son. james cook, bbc news, thousand oaks in california. the prince of wales says he will not express views

on controversial issues, when he becomes king. he told the bbc, ahead of his 70th birthday next week, that he recognised being heir to the throne, and head of state, were two very different roles. in the past, the prince has campaigned strongly on issues such as the environment, and architecture, and faced accusations of "meddling" from some quarters. our royal correspondent nicholas witchell reports. the great barrier reef, off the coast of australia. a place where a prince who is passionate about the environment could barely control his frustrations at the failure of governments to do more about climate change. we're running out of time, because the necessary action hasn't been taken, has it? that's the problem. and i cannot believe that people simply pay no attention to science. charles has been speaking out now for nearly half a century, but as he approaches his 70th birthday next week he knows better than anyone that a new role beckons.

when he succeeds to the throne his public interventions must stop, but can the passionate prince transition to a monarch who doesn't meddle? in tonight's bbc documentary charles said explicitly and publicly that he could and would. i won't be able to do the same things i've done as heir, so of course you operate within the constitutional parameters, but it's a different function. of course people have expressed worries about whether this involvement will continue in the same way? no, it won't. i'm not that stupid. i do realise that it is a separate exercise, being sovereign. so of course, you know, i understand entirely how that should operate. those undertakings are significant. they should mean an end to charles' sometimes controversial speeches. like a monstrous carbuncle

on the face of much—loved and elegant friend. and articles, like this one on genetically modified crops. and then there's his letter writing, his so—called black spider handwritten letters to ministers, asking questions about causes which have caught his eye. charles' acceptance that these interventions must cease as king have reassured constitutional experts. it is very welcome, because some people have been worried that when he becomes king he might continue to send his famous spider memos to ministers and the like, but he's now come out and said he recognises that as monarch it's a very different role. but that's not to say that as monarch he will be without influence. itjust has to be exercised with care. the constitutional conventions are clear. a british monarch shouldn't make public interventions, as charles has now explicitly accepted. but a king or queen can

encourage or warn — but that must be done privately to the prime minister. slowly but surely the way is being prepared for the moment when the crown passes from a monarch noted for her discretion to a prince noted until now for his tendency to speak his mind. nicholas witchell, bbc news, buckingham palace. the un has announced plans to double its food aid to yemen to avert mass starvation in the country. the world food programme said it was preparing to try to feed 14 million people, almost half of the population. the announcement comes as fighting intensifies around the port city of hodeidah. plans to build a new nuclear power station in cumbria, creating more than 20,000 jobs, have now collapsed after the japanese firm toshiba said it was pulling out of the project. the £15 billion plant would have provided 7% of the uk's future electricity supply.

unions have described the move as "devastating", as our correspondent colletta smith reports from cumbria. big promises of a bright low carbon future. when our power station is built here, it'll be called moorside. the next generation of nuclear reactors here in cumbria, thousands of high—paid jobs providing 7% of the uk's electricity in a decade. but, today, toshiba have pulled the plug. this is the sellafield nuclear plant. it's being decommissioned at the moment so thousands ofjobs are in jeopardy over the next couple of years as they scaled down the operation. the hope was that they would have been able to move over the road because this is the new plant that would have been built by toshiba. the fact that that's now in question puts a lot of concern into this whole area for the future of those jobs. the government should be backing us 100% on this. at the end of the day, they have an obligation to make sure this goes ahead.

cumbria's already geared up to have moorside here. we have some of the best facilities for nuclear training around, and itjust feels like it's all about to go to waste. the whole community thrives on the nuclear industry and it's in shock. towns along the lake district's coastline depend on those highly paid nuclear jobs. it's been a death by 1000 cuts, to be honest with you, with moorside. but i'm really disappointed and i'm actually very concerned for the future now. three quarters of my customers either work for sellafield or work for contractors working for sellafield. you know, if you lose a quarter of those because they've either gone into retirement or theirjobs have been finished and they've moved out of the area, that is a massive impact on my one shop alone. even those advising the government on nuclear schemes now think the future is injeopardy. i think it is a wake—up call to say if you want to build very expensive and very long—term nuclear reactors, then... building them with private finance, you remain vulnerable to the sort of thing that's happened here.

the government say they're committed to nuclear power but are sticking to the same plan of depending private companies to build the sites. that means thousands ofjobs and the uk's energy future can be buffeted by global headwinds of international companies. colletta smith, bbc news in whitehaven. this weekend, there will be major events to commemorate the centenary of the armistice, when the first world war came to an end on the 11th november, 1918. as part of the commemoration, tens of thousands of shrouded figures are being displayed at london's queen elizabeth olympic park. called shrouds of the somme, some 72,000 tiny figures — each representing a commonwealth serviceman who died in the battle, but with no known grave. events are also taking place in germany, where that country's fallen soldiers in two world wars are remembered. our special correspondent alan little reports on how today's democratic germany tries to reconcile itself

to the darkness of its past. 70 years ago, the german army came to norway by force. today, they're here by invitation. this is the biggest nato operation since the end of the cold war. 40,000 troops from 29 nations. and the germans are at its heart. in war paint and forest camouflage, this is germany today, a nation transformed into generations from murderous in two generations from murderous dictatorship to democratic partner. but how do today's germans remember their dead of two world wars when, in the 1940s, they died serving the nazi regime? many of them fought under field marshal erwin rommel. i asked one of his relatives how germans could mourn their dead without whitewashing germany's crimes. i was told when i was a young girl not to talk about the war.

many talked about it butjust behind their hands that their uncles or grandfathers or brothers died because we are always told we are guilty. and we are guilty. we are more guilty than the others but my generation wasn't guilty or is not guilty because i was born after the war. i don't want to cut it down. do you say cut it down? to make it small. but i think one day there must be... and end to all these stories. for 100 years, visitors have come to allied war cemeteries with pride as well as sorrow to honour the generation that delivered europe from german militarism and dictatorship. 2 million german soldiers also died in the first world war. more than twice that number in the second. many lie in mass graves, no shiny, white, upright stones for them. posterity feels no pride in the germany they died for. and now they are coming out of the church.

my father and my mother. peter was born on armistice day 19114. his parents were married in february that year. his father in the uniform of an army on the verge of a catastrophic defeat. the end of the second world war was so hard that the feeling of guilt was in them but they couldn't speak about this thing that they followed hitler. that was a big problem for the generation of my father and mother. when this home movie was filmed, they didn't yet know they're part of germany would soon be overrun by soviet troops. this is my grandfather. peter's grandfather, a local landowner, would not survive. the russians came, and, then, after a few days, they decided to kill... the four men...

in the house. and my grandfather said to my grandmother, we have to now say goodbye. and then he went down. one moment. this private sorrow is still powerfully felt but it rarely finds public expression. there is a small national ceremony that takes place here in berlin in november but it's very low—key and it's over in a matter of minutes. for, after the second world war, german sorrow got subsumed by something much bigger. national shame. germans had inflicted so much grief on others that they found it impossible to publicly indulge their own grief. they kept it private, unspoken. there is no german equivalent of this.

in their nordic training grounds, what fellowship do these men and women feel with those who came before them? if britain's history is about continuities, germany's is about rupture. the clean break of 19115. the end of the second world war was, for our society, for our culture, ground zero. this ground zero for our history, for our society... changed our society, changed our mindset, our whole culture. for this ability to get better, to learn from history, i am proud to be german and proud to serve for germany. this is the post—war german achievement that, if the country's ancestral voices call from their graves this armistice day, today's germany is not listening. alan little, bbc news. the paraplegic athletejustin levene has dropped his legal action against luton airport after it improved its disabled facilities.

mr levene refused the airport's offer of a more basic, manual wheelchair, after his own self—propelling wheelchair was lost, and dragged himself along the floor in protest at his loss of independence. he said he was delighted with the outcome. the family of a patient who died after a robotic heart operation, the first of its kind in the uk, said lessons had to be learned from a "catalogue of errors". stephen pettitt, who was 69, died of multiple organ failure. after the inquest, it emerged that newcastle hospitals nhs foundation trust dismissed the lead surgeon suku—maran nair following the procedure. a christian woman has been released from prison in pakistan, following a decision by the country's supreme court to overturn her conviction and death sentence for blasphemy. asia bibi, who's spent ten years in prison, has been moved to a secret location in pakistan, while she seeks refuge in another country. hardline islamist groups have taken to the streets

demanding thatjudges reverse their decision. our chief international correspondent lyse doucet reports. released in secret in the dead of night from this prison to a secret location. asia bibi, free after eight years on death row. but, still, the most wanted person in pakistan. wanted dead by crowds like this, who surged into the streets of the capital of islamabad when they heard the news. "hang her," they shout. hardline islamist—defying supreme courtjudges who overturned her conviction, a death sentence for blasphemy. let me state clearly that asia bibi remains at a safe place in pakistan. asia bibi is now a free citizen, says thejustice ministry. she is a free woman now.

but islamists have mounted a legal challenge to stop her from leaving pakistan. her torment began almost a decade ago in her tiny village. an argument with muslim women over a cup of water turned into accusations. she was arrested and convicted for blasphemy. her husband and five children spoke to the bbc then of their world turned upside down. translation: we miss her so much. christmas is coming. we wish we could celebrate it with her. and those days of anguish lasted a decade. "we've been waiting ten years," her daughter cries, in a visit to london this month, organised by a christian charity. her mother's plight has galvanised campaigns

in pakistan and far beyond, including in britain. it is so unjust. draconian, mediaeval laws like this should not be in existence. the very fact that she is innocent and simply drink water from the same well as muslims and said innocuous words like, "my christ died for me, "what did mohammed do for you"? which would be used quite commonly in debates in the western world, i think it has reached an audience, and they are just astounded that this can happen in the modern age. it is a major test for pakistan's new prime minister. no one has been hanged for blasphemy, but dozens have been killed by people taking the law into their own hands. asia bibi and herfamily are expected to take up offers of asylum, escaping a place where no one accused of this crime is safe. lyse doucet, bbc news. the international trade secretary,

liam fox, says britain must have the right to decide when to leave any brexit customs arrangement that's put in place to avoid border checks between northern ireland and the republic. the so—called backstop would come into force if the uk can't agree a future trade deal with the eu. but, crucially, both sides have a different view of how and when the uk should be able to abandon the backstop. our political correspondent vicki young explains. a deal is almost done and cabinet ministers want to know exactly what they'll be asked to sign up to. they've come to read details of progress so far. it's 95% done, according to the prime minister, but the remaining 5% is proving difficult. some are worried the uk will be closely tied to the eu for years, unable to break away. we have an instruction from our voters to leave the european union. that decision can't be subcontracted to somebody else. that needs to be an issue for a sovereign british government to be able to determine.

and this is the sticking point. both sides are committed to making sure there are no border checks between northern ireland and ireland. one option, known as the backstop, is for the uk to stay in a customs arrangement with the eu until a free—trade deal is ready. in paris today, the foreign secretary went public with his concerns. we cannot, as a sovereign country, be trapped in legal arrangements relating to customs, for example, that could exist in perpetuity even if it was against the sovereign will of the british people at some stage in the future. the row over this slightly complicated technical issue mirrors a broader complaint from many brexiteers about theresa may's plans. for them, brexit is all about the uk seizing control of its own destiny, not following eu rules for years with no say over them and no obvious way to escape them. getting the trading relationship right after brexit is crucial. brexiteers have been accused

of glossing over the importance of the existing trading routes with the continent. even the brexit secretary, who's dealing with all of this, admitted he'd underestimated it. we want a bespoke arrangement on goods which recognises the peculiar, frankly, geographic economic entity that is the united kingdom. i hadn't quite understood the full extent of this, but if you look at the uk and you look at how we trade in goods, we're particularly reliant on the dover—calais crossing. but before trade talks can start, ministers need to finalise the withdrawal agreement. it's an excellent document. we should be really proud of what the prime minister has achieved to get this far and i'm looking forward to supporting the final deal. and no one knows how long that will take. vicki young, bbc news, westminster. when wayne rooney retired from international football last year, he'd scored more goals for england than any other player.

but now he's coming back for one game only, to play for england against the united states in a friendly next week. and his reappearance is dividing opinion. england manager gareth southgate has defended the selection, saying it is an "opportunity to pay tribute" to rooney, as natalie pirks reports. wayne rooney burst onto the international scene 15 years ago. oh, rooney! england have scored, it's rooney! he's rarely been out of the headlines since but he's retired and england moved on. haven't they? it was you who effectively ended rooney's career, so can you see why there's been so much conjecture over this? not really. i'm not picking wayne to play in a qualifier or to play against croatia. we are acknowledging the part he's played with english football. if anybody deserves one more cap, it's somebody that's had 119.