the headlines... four people have died including a one—year—old baby after a people carrier was hit by a car involved in a police chase in sheffield. three men have been arrested. after his shock resignation, former transport ministerjo johnson insists he's not seeking the removal of theresa may — but takes another swipe at the prospective brexit deal. president trump meets emmanuel macron for talks in paris — ahead of events to mark the centenery of the end of the first world war. at least nine people are killed and a quarter of a million forced to flee their homes — as wildfires burn out of control across california. time for a look at the sport... good afternoon. the england head coach eddiejones is comparing it to a movie, playing

new zealand. he insists his side will not be sitting back and eating popcorn watching the film. he wants his team to star in it and dictate play! the script, the last time the famous haka provided opening titles was in 2014. new zealand won that time. they have shown they can draw out victories when they are up against it, england. the co—captain is well aware of what they are up against. we have to make sure that we do not dip our tone michael cole toe into the weekend and feel our way —— d|p toe into the weekend and feel our way —— dip our toe into the weekend and feel our way in. as i said, we have prepared well this week. we are looking forward to it. it kicks off at 3pm. commentary on radio five live. the highlights on bbc two at 7:30pm. it's a case of unlucky 13 defeats in a row for wales against australia but wales are enjoying a winning strea k but wales are enjoying a winning streak against other sides.

after rushing past scotland last saturday, warren gatland thinks it is time to record a first win against australia since 2008... is time to record a first win against australia since 2008. .. they we re against australia since 2008. .. they were pretty gathered, and after a few games, we have been in a position to win. throwing those winning positions away, we have lost it on winning positions away, we have lost itona winning positions away, we have lost it on a couple of occasions. in recent yea rs, it on a couple of occasions. in recent years, we've not manage to do it. you want to get that lead right. well is against australia is live on bbc two at 5:20pm. before that, scotland take on fiji at murrayfield, on bbc one at 2:30pm. the scots will be glad to be at home, they have won eight in nine games there. in the international against wales last weekend, they will feel they have extra impotence. ireland are on a nine—game winning home run going into that match against argentina.

commentary on bbc radio ulsterfor that one. the england captain heather knight knows that it is going to be tough. after last year, knows that it is going to be tough. after last yea r, we knows that it is going to be tough. after last year, we cannot be the underdogs all the time. obviously, after winning the 50—over world cup last year, we probably can't expect to be underdogs all the time, like we were going into that competition. we've had to deal with that extra expectation. the success i guess that's expected of the team now. that match begins at eight o'clock tonight. commentary on every ball of every game on radio five live extra. now, time for click. this week: what's happened to fake news? click here. what happened to the real newsreader? click here. and remembering the first world war 100 years on. the news. we used to trust it. if it was on screen or in print, we believed it. but a few years ago, the lies online started to look really realistic. the news.

we used to trust it. if it was on screen or in print, we believed it. but a few years ago, the lies online started to look really realistic. phoney news websites with convincing—looking stories, shared by your friends on social media. the fake news era was born. and once we'd all become aware that

fake news was a thing, the term spread and the meaning blurred. the fake news. fake news. fake, fake, you have to leave that word. you have a lot of political actors that have been weaponising the term fake news to describe any kind of media that they don't think is favourable. i'm not going to give you a question. you are fake news. the social media platforms are trying to stop and block fake news websites, but the problem is, a lot of the time, the lies are woven in with truths and opinion. it's alljust too hazy. there are headlines that are actually truthful but maybe the information that doesn't match it. so there are many different layers. misinformation isn't necessarily one big lie spread with one headline, there's a lot of things that are more nuanced. fake news is used and referenced for many reasons — to destabilise,

to create doubt in the mainstream media, but in eastern europe, it's always been about the money. 18 months ago, carl miller visited kosovo to research the fake news industry there, and now as part of the bbc‘s fake news season, we've sent him back to see how facebook‘s war on fake news has changed the landscape. the thing that really intrigues me about kosovo is this is the youngest country in europe, it's got one of the best internet connections in europe and the internet is really seen as one of the main drivers to gain access to international markets and work. 18 months ago, these factors meant kosovo's fake news industry was bustling, but after the social media clamp—down, what, if anything, has actually changed. it is wild these days. it is wild, yes, because a lot of people are making a lot of money. myjourney begins meeting gaz.

it is hard to get fake news merchants to speak on camera, but gaz says after seven years, he's now giving it up. he certainly seems well plugged into the scene. here he is showing me an invitation—only closed group on facebook were fake news merchants swap and sell and trade secrets. this is a starter pack for fake news? yeah, definitely. i'm told that up to 40% of kosovan youth are involved in fake news. who could be a fake news merchant? anyone who owns and knows how to use a computer. do you have to be, like, technically savvy, do you have to know how to code? not really. even to get around of all of facebook‘s detection techniques? most fake news merchants copy and paste these stories, you know? gaz tells me the scene is still very active, but as facebook has clamped down, the focus of fake news merchants has started to shift. the way you make money like this online is to get as many people as possible clicking

on your content. the more clicks, the more you can make from it. platforms like facebook can pay you for your clicks internally, but you can also get paid by taking people to external websites, where, again, how much you get from ads is based on the size of your audience. before the clamp—down, the best way of getting the clicks was pushing out fake news, but since then, many people spreading fake news have started to weaponise other content. fake news merchants have now morphed into click bait merchants. this could still mean posting fake and misleading stories, but it increasingly means posting pictures of scantily—clad women, flashy cars or celebrity gossip, anything that gets eyeballs, even if it's untrue. i've heard there are thousands of people scattered around kosovo making money like this. but it's all very secretive. eventually, one such successful click bait merchant agreed to talk to me.

i had to travel outside pristina in the dead of night to meet him. translation: the easiest trick is to have a page you know is going to sell more because you know it's going to be clicked on, but you don't actually know what's being shared. in this group, say i have a page with 300,000 likes, i put up a price of 1300—1400 euros. it all depends on what kind of audience i have. if i page funds from the us, top usa, the price will be double because pay per click is better from that audience. as a first step to growing audiences, he opens multiple facebook accounts with fake ip addresses. translation: yes, i can open ten tonight with different ips. some will get shut down, some not. it depends how well you can cheat facebook really. do you spoof ips? we change our ip so we don't all open accounts from the same address, because otherwise facebook will spot it and shut them down. and then he adds eye—catching content to get the clicks in. there are different ways. we sponsor ads and open fake profiles, mostly girls,

and then we like pages with these profiles. and we also share the pages among the pages we already have. so you, like, grow a new page by linking it to one of your more mature pages, and whe that's got to a big enough of your more mature pages, and when that's got to a big enough size, you might sell it? yeah, that's how it works. for instance, i have a page with cars that has 200—300,000 likes. when i posted the new page i'm trying to grow it on, i can easily get 10,000 likes. injustan hourortwo, i can get 2,000 or 3,000 likes from that original posting. and there's a lot of money to be made from this. i have a page about cars with 100 or 120,000 likes. i bring that onto my facebook page and with that audience, i can earn $50—$60 a day. with several such sites, it comes to hundreds of dollars a day, compared to, say, the average salary of $300 a month. there's absolutely little wonder that this is happening on an industrial scale throughout kosovo. would you recommend that career for young people now? yes, of course.

for anyone who can get around understand this world, it's worth it. you'll never be broke. i came back to pristina to see more about what's going on under the bonnet of the fake news industry. the facebook closed groups that gaz showed me was where the buying and selling of pages and audiences was all happening. he's selling facebook pages, thousands of followers. here he's showing me a facebook page with 189,000 likes that is up for sale, but you can also place orders. this person's asking for a website that will generate daily traffic of 10,000. but all this buying and selling of pages with huge audiences or false accounts of fake likes or fake ip addresses is all against facebook‘s rules, and this community knows how to work around the system. and so this is constantly happening. these groups are shut down and start up again. shut down and start up again? yes, yes, because you know these people know each other, so they work together again. we are inviting people, those who are interested. people know each other, you know?

and there are strong norms against speaking out, which is why they're so secretive. ironically, it's the weapon of fake news itself that is used against anyone who betrays the group. translation: yes, they can report me to facebook. they can say, "hack my page, post fake news," and if they present a convincing justification, facebook believes them. because in the end of this is all about the money. big money. while for now facebook does seem to have slowed the tide of fake news from here, as long as our appetite for misinformation remains, there's plenty around the world ready to feed it. wow! that was carl. this is carl. what a fascinating story. what are your impressions of the people doing this that you met over there, it seems to me a bit like a start—up kind of culture? they are.

i mean, they're young, dynamic, entrepreneurial, they're out there finding opportunities, and they're not monsters. they're doing something that is wrong and can have really harmful consequences for all of us, but they're also doing something that is giving them for once in their lives a decent living. also in their eyes, they often think, well, this click bait kind of says more about us than it does about them. they're simply trying to show as the content that we click on. so the motivation is obvious, they can make a lot more money than they can doing otherjobs, but ultimately they're doing something that does no good. i mean, it is all the nasty stuff at the end of the web page that we're invited to click on. so are there opportunities for these people to use their skills in a better way? there are far too few opportunities for them to use their skills in any other way. i've began to see fake news and click bait, at least in the context of kosovo, as a bit like a kind of cash crop of poppies. you know, it's something that doesn't do any good to the people that grow it, it doesn't do any good to us, the consumers, but for them,

it's the easiest and most accessible way of actually making a living. you don't get rid of that problem byjust burning the fields, you also get rid of the problem by the farmers, in this case the click bait merchants, you give them something else better to do. what do you make of the facebook reforms, the impact on those people and how effective they've been? facebook has been wielding a sledgehammer. the worry is it might not be hitting quite the right places. for sure, time and time again i heard, group after group is being shut down, facebook is being very active here, they're really trying to close the industry down. but often, i don't think they've discriminated themselves between groups which are sharing fake news and other groups which are simply sharing perfectly legitimate forms of content which want people to click on, which is frankly what lots of people do all over the place. do you think this is just an ongoing battle, and facebook closes down one method and these people just move to another, and it's this cat and mouse game that will go on and on and on. yes, i do.

the most surprising thing for me was to find a surface sector economy for fake news merchants. as soon as you have that, as soon as you have specialists, you have programmers and coders, well, then you get innovation. and that means that the tools that are being sold in these groups are constantly changing. and as facebook brings in one reform, they bring out new tools and tips and techniques to get around this. it's an arms race, it really is, and one where i'm not sure facebook will ever really be able to prevail in. it's one they're going to have to manage. carl, fascinating job. thank you. hello and welcome to the week in tech. it's been pretty bizarre. bill gates had his hands full, hopefully not literally, calling for better lavatory tech at the reinvented toilet expo in china. a 15—year—old australian boy was crowned overall winner at the drone racing world championships. and after several years of teasing, samsung finally showed off it's brand—new. .. wait for it...

wait for it foldable phone. it does everything you'd expect from a phone, except it folds. good! it was also the week china state tv showed off a off a synthesised artificially intelligent news anchor. he's not real! researchers at mit have developed drone technology that could be used to find hikers that are lost in the wilderness. the autonomous system uses a 3—d laser scanner to create a virtual model of the area, allowing the fleet of flying bots to work together and even tell each other if an area has already been mapped. and finally, a new bot marketed as the world's most advanced social robot proves that hats really are so last year. it projects different faces onto its head shaped display, and hopes to make human robot interaction feel much more natural. personally, i'm not

creeped out at all! one of the most chilling examples of how convincing fake news could become is deep fakes. that's the term given to artificial intelligence techniques that swap people's faces in videos — seemingly seamlessly putting them into situations that never happened. we first covered the phenomenon non earlier in the year when user—friendly deep fakes app made the technology freely available online. we all share the same home. it seems the ai genie is out of the bottle. for a lot of kids the doors that have been opened to me aren't open to them. we are yet to see deep fakes make an impact in real news, but you can imagine the implications if we can't tell what's real. the new tools developed by darpa's media forensics project claim to be able to automatically

spot ai forgeries. one big giveaway? they really blink. they rarely blink. another potential giveaway is to look for signs of life — literally. subtle changes in skin tone invisible to the human eye that can reveal a human pulse. currently deep fakes algorithms can't consistently replicate these subtleties. but as the technique develops, how long will that last? so the future of this tech definitely has some murky possibilities, but we are starting to see some genuinely useful applications of it too. here's lara. yes, there is definitely a dark side to fakery, but there are also some exciting possibilities. we have put a new algorithm to the test here at the bbc, with newsreader matthew amroliwala. today he is presenting, well, his own news, in more languages than he can actually speak. i am second—generation british.

my parents originally came to the uk in 1959. ijoined him to watch the magic unfold. what did you think watching that? it's incredible, actually, and unsettling. because i know i can't do that and you see they've made me look as though i can. for this to work the lighting and the camera angle need to be just right. i can't speak any foreign languages... this isn't video editing. the footage is broken down into data, with neural networks tracking his lip movements as well as those of voice actors who are speaking the same words — in this case in hindi, mandarin, and spanish. now comes the trick,

because once the system has mapped out and understands how the mouths of both matthew and the voice actors move, the software can switch these over, manipulating matthew's lips to mouth of the translated words. this is the brainchild of london based start—up synthesia, a company dreaming of making affordable hollywood—type special effects available to the masses. although we tested it here in the new setting. it currently takes a whole day to create a digital model of a person. of course the aim is for this dubbing to be possible on any video, regardless of how it's being filmed. although in a world where that becomes simpler even the company itself can recognise the implications. so regards to trust and videos and photos, and what's going to happen in this sort of space, i think photoshop was released in 1990. and since then it has become very easy to edit images, you can remove objects, you can edit the background,

all these things that is done to most of the images that you view on the internet or in magazines today, right. it is going to happen to video, i am convinced. i think humans will adapt to the fact that, just like we don't take photos at face value, we can't take videos at face value, necessarily. so while the possibilities are exciting, we mayjust grow a little bit more suspicious of everything we watch. that was lara with matthew, who can now appear to speak spanish, which is pretty darn clever. i suppose the only drawback to that technique is that it is not actually matthew's voice we're hearing, it is someone else's. but very soon we may be able to go one better. someone official, someone must have looked in a bag and found something with a name on it. juliet‘s love for matteo had been one fo the overwhelming wonders of her life... i'm using some technology that we first saw a few months ago. a speech synthesis system by lyrebird ai.

just by listening to a few audio samples of someone talking it can reproduce their voice digitally. like this. i am donald trump and i think that my digital voice is quite impressive. the lyrebird ai has been trained on many, many voices. and it's taught itself what makes each voice different. now that means that you don't have to record every phoneme, every single sound that your voice can make. amazingly, it has found a more efficient way of sounding like you. the kind of algorithms we are using, it's something called deep learning or neural networks. something that makes these kind of algorithms special is that you don't need to give them specific things to look for. and so this dna of the voice, we know that you are able to synthesise new voices based on this and they will sound like the original voices, but we don't really know what is inside of them. so it's a beautiful black box. version one was trained on american

voices, which is why it's synthesised worse as a slight american twang. but now i'm using a prototype of version two, which has been trained using spanish voices. and this is the result. is this notjust the same as taking what i am saying, turning it into text, and then putting it through an online translation tool and then getting the resulting text and putting it through lyrebird? so not exactly. there are some words in spanish that are not common in some other different languages. so we could make you pronounce that sound, in your voice, even if you were not able to pronounce it before. why have you added this translation?

imagine if you could do movie dubbing automatically. if you have a course on mexican cooking you could have it spoken in english or in italian or many other different languages on the same time as they are being released. lyrebird has already used its tech for good, banking the voices of those with motor neurone disease so they can still use their voice after they lose their ability to speak. what motivates you? i want to make my best effort into preventing that this kind of technology is misused or is used for other or some people or it's used to steal the identities of people or create political instability. do you think it may be possible to deploy deep learning

in your network's artificial intelligence to spot the fakes? definitely. this is something we are working internally as one of the potential preventative measures of this technology. however, i think that the problem with this is that, long—term, is that the generated and the real will be basically impossible to distinguish one from each other. and so that's why i believe that the solution, the ultimate solution to this kind of issue is educating the public and letting them be suspicious of the media. it's100 years since the end of the first world war, which makes this remembrance sunday an even more poignant and special day. one of the many commemorations taking place around commonwealth nations is being tested here, at the royal chelsea hospital, a retirement home for british army veterans. it's called nothing to be written. it's an immersive vr experience based around sending and receiving of the so—called field postcards that soldiers wrote during the great war. it has parallels to text messages

that people can send now. that thing where there is not a lot of message that you can put into it, you can't tell the stories, but it is just a connection to say i'm ok, i'm thinking of you. but that was really beautiful. a century after the supposed at war to end all wars this is a highly emotive insight into what it was like both at home and in the trenches. there are no visuals here of the brutality of war. these guys have already seen it too much of that. absolutely incredible. and it feels cold. the sun has come out, right? this is absolutely amazing.

one of the things about this session is that i was looking up at the sky and the colours of the sky. i thought that was brilliant. i take my headset off. right. that was so realistic. you were there in the trenches. what they did, what they wanted to do, and that is to protect the country. many of them lost their lives. and i hope it has gone to people now these days what it was all about. very emotional. because i was with them. hello there. this weekend, it's a

weekend of sunshine and blustery showers. brisk south—westerly winds today, driving in showers, particularly to affect western and southern areas. showers become widespread, the best of dry weather in northern ireland, north—east england and the far north—east of scotland. otherwise, mostareas england and the far north—east of scotland. otherwise, most areas see a downpour two during the day, some heavy and thundery. overnight showers continue, across scotland, wet weather in the southern counties, in the south—west and in wales. brisk winds, rain and cloud keeping temperatures up, 10 degrees 01’ so keeping temperatures up, 10 degrees orso in keeping temperatures up, 10 degrees or so in london. cooler air with temperatures in edinburgh5 edinburgh 5 degrees. brisk south—westerly winds pulling in

those showers. those showers affect southern and western areas. some heavy and thundery. low—pressure close to northern ireland, a risk of showers working in tomorrow. that's your weather. good afternoon. intense wildfires are sweeping through parts of california. thousands of buildings have been destroyed, enire towns evacuated. nine people are known to have died. officials say five were found dead in their cars. in northern california one 80—square—kilometre blaze has