to be if we want to keep the earth habitable. last month, a un report warned without drastic action, there will be even sharper temperature rises. but with doubts over whether countries can even meet the 2 degrees cap agreed at the paris climate conference three years ago, activists are demanding global leaders do more. we expect acts. decision. and urgent actions. we are done with the talking, we don't want to wait any more. we want to do, we want to do this transition, we want to decarbonise the economy and the societies. in order to save the climate and all live on this planet in peace. the glacier this giant postcard was put together on is also significant. it is melting at an alarming speed. it could disappear altogether within the next 80 years. activists say it's just another example of the increasing threat posed by global warming. lebo diseko, bbc news. now it's time for a look

at the weather with matt taylor. hello. it's a blue sky they are therefore many of you, admitted patchy cloud in some places. the temperatures into double figures in some areas. a stronger breeze in the south, the winds will pick up in the south, the winds will pick up in the south, coming into the east, bringing ploughed into scotland and england. into the west, clearer skies for longer. the could be a touch of frost here. frost free in the east. more cloud for all of us tomorrow, coming and going through the day, a few brighter spells, that of sunshine but the cloud thickener in eastern scotland and england for one or two light rain showers. most will stay dry. temperatures tomorrow, big drop on what we have seen tomorrow, big drop on what we have seen over tomorrow, big drop on what we have seen over the past few days. most in

single figures, a few into double digits and they will drop further into tuesday and wednesday, a stronger breeze and showers could be wintry. have a hello. this is bbc news with ben brown. the headlines: former brexit secretary dominic raab criticises the government for "failing to stand up to brussels bullies." president trump visits northern california following the most devastating wildfires in the state's history. mental health in the workplace should be given the same status as physical health, according to 50 top business executives. as part of our season on fake news, bbc news brought together social media tech giants in delhi to discuss the roles their platforms play in the problem, and the solution.

in the welcome to a panel discussion, welcome to watching around the world and welcome to our panellists who have joined us. around the world and welcome to our panellists who havejoined us. let me start by introducing them. we have representatives from facebook, google, and twitter. i will start by asking all of them, 30 seed, your analysis of the seriousness the fake news problem. we think it is an existential threat to our platform. the first thing is, as a social media platform, we are focused on misinformation. and as a social media platform, we want to be doing a social good and misinformation is the opposite of that. we think it is pretty serious. at google, we think

it is an important problem and that google has a responsibility to be pa rt of google has a responsibility to be part of the solution. when people come to google, they expect answers and so we hope that we can through technology and through partnerships with journalists and others, technology and through partnerships withjournalists and others, that technology and through partnerships with journalists and others, that we can provide high—quality, authoritative content when they come to us for information. twitter's mission is to serve the public. people come to twitter to find out what is going on and to tell the world what is happening. if we could bea world what is happening. if we could be a source of quality information for them, then they will stop using the product so it is incredibly important for us as a platform but also for us to recognise the impact of this type of news out in the world. are all of you part of the problem or part of the solution? mark zuckerberg admitted to congress that he had been slow to respond to fa ke that he had been slow to respond to fake news. as he also been slow to respond to the lynchings in india? there's an interesting way of looking at it. the first thing i would like to say is that as a social media platform, we have a lwa ys social media platform, we have always been upfront about the m ista kes we always been upfront about the mistakes we have made. we go back to

2016, we were pretty much aware of certain mistakes as piracy elections we re certain mistakes as piracy elections were concerned. we learn from what were concerned. we learn from what we have undergone. i think as a platform, facebook is incredibly interested in actually being part of the solution. it is incredibly interested in making sure of the quality of the content on the platform is of a high—quality nature. it is important. specific to those lynchings, i haven't seen it mark zuckerberg give an interview on that issue. i can't speak for mark zuckerberg but i can tell you it is —— i can tell you that he is intensely interested in what is happening in india and he has created a large number of teams which are looking at the situation and he is also looking at a number of areas, including one in washington, dc, which is looking at elections, and in terms of misinformation that is one of the things that i like to speak about, given the opportunity. specifically,

given the opportunity. specifically, given the opportunity. specifically, given the lynchings and all the problems that we have seen, the indian government says that social media companies cannot be a bystander and they have to take responsibility. are they right? before i answer that question, let me try to be face it. i work for facebook and i am more than happy to a nswer facebook and i am more than happy to answer questions on behalf of facebook but this is my personal response to what i have seen. i think as far as whatsapp is concerned, they are looking at making changes as to the quality of information so we have done a number of things to try to combat the problem and we believe it is a serious problem. and we are trying to address that. i will come back to some of those changes that have been made and what facebook is doing.

before i move on, i want tojust invite the audience, a quick show of hands, how many people use whatsapp ona hands, how many people use whatsapp on a daily basis? so that is just about everybody here. how a people here think it is a problem, fake news on social media? so again virtually the whole of the audience. in terms of google, you also part of the problem? so much fake video is out there on your platform. you are speaking about youtube. i would say that youtube is a unique entity, as you serve earlier today. there was a panellist who was on youtube as a video producer who works to debunk news and information. what is interesting is about youtube is when it was launched most of the users really focus on lifestyle and entertainment, andl really focus on lifestyle and entertainment, and i think that we have learned that more and more people are coming particularly in a place like india for news and hard

news and information content. as a result, we have been learning and we have been adjusting and leveraging what we found from google. are you learning and adjusting fast enough in terms of youtube? you look at the florida shootings and you have video and people saying it is put up by the government and video of someone doctored tearing up the us constitution, when she was actually gearing upa constitution, when she was actually gearing up a target. all that is on that platform. i would say that we have actually learned from those specific incidents and just about a month ago, earlier this year, we announced that we were going to unlimited numberof announced that we were going to unlimited number of product changes to youtube to give users more context. it is always a balance between free speech and giving people an opportunity and the boys and also ensuring that it is a safe platform for people to use, that they don't... are not subject to bullying. we have guidelines to fix that and in addition to that, providing more opportunities in new

situation so that if someone is going to youtube for the kind of content, that they will actually get news from authoritative sources, including from text, which often is faster than nvidia. in terms of twitter, the us election, facebook, twitter, the us election, facebook, twitter, they were a playground for fa ke twitter, they were a playground for fake news. what are you doing to actually combat fake accounts? because often what starts as fake on twitter then cascades down in india across all social media. yes. well, what we have learned a lot about since the us election in particular and how the platform was manipulated by certain parties to spread certain types of information and to sow division within the population, and we have ta ken division within the population, and we have taken a lot of those learnings and put them into work very specifically for the us midterms, and a lot of what we're focused on is behavioural patterns so we are

focused on is behavioural patterns so we are able to identify when people are either using automation to amplify trends, to insert fake news, so these are things that we are learning very fast and adjusting so are learning very fast and adjusting so that fake accounts don't have that ability. with fake accounts in particular, we have actually gone through the process of eliminating millions and millions of those accounts, and you will notice... they reappear. they do reappear but out they reappear. they do reappear but our technology is getting better at recognising them when they reappear and we have also taken the stance of removing these fake accounts from follower counts, so that has been a global phenomenon that we have been able to do. here, the level of trolling is off the scale. rape threats, death threats. it is also possible to get that stuff taken down. why? it shouldn't be. our numberone down. why? it shouldn't be. our number one priority at twitter is to focus on the health of the public conversation, and that is not healthy. if it is not, you would

accept that is a major failing? absolutely. we do have reporting structures in place for that type of content to be reported by the problem today is that the burden of reporting is often on the people who are suffering from the harassment and it is our responsibility and 0 ra cle and it is our responsibility and 0racle to be more proactive so people don't have to report the content to us. i think the problem is that people reported and then they complain that nothing happens and that is the fundamental problem. i hear that so often as i interview people and talk to people about different times when they feel they are targeted. coming back to fake news and facebook, why is it proving so news and facebook, why is it proving so difficult for facebook, because the un savaged facebook about the way it was used to whip up hate against the rohinga muslims. in schleicher, one of the un staff recently spoke about the attacks and they said that the seeds were ours and the wind was facebook. they said that the seeds were ours and the wind was facebooklj they said that the seeds were ours

and the wind was facebook. i would like to answer that question in two ways. it is essential the nature of misinformation on social media. what we are fighting over a period of time is combating against misinformation is notjust a platform problem. it is not as facebook. it is a societal issue. i think the response that facebook has been not just think the response that facebook has been notjust to learn think the response that facebook has been not just to learn from think the response that facebook has been notjust to learn from the m ista kes been notjust to learn from the mistakes that we have made, but to tackle that on two different fronts. the first one is essentially looking at the product and trying to combat misinformation by cutting down on incidents of fake news on the platform. the second is education. and the third is essentially looking at some of these trends and how we get better at them, or a mixture of increased participation of humans and machine learning. you accept that you have to get better, it a lot better, because i spoke there about the rohinga crisis. mark zuckerberg talked about hiring more bernese speaking experts. we still don't know how many have been hired. that is your problem across the board. you need many more humans, don't you? and you need much better

algorithms. we do. and it is a continuous process of learning. i think we are increasing the number of people who are looking at this problem and we are always doubling that number. we are going from 8000 to around 20,000 as an acknowledgement that there needs to be greater human interface. as far as the algorithm is concerned, there isa as the algorithm is concerned, there is a continuous process of improvement and we are trying to get better at it but we do realise this is not a solution that only facebook can implement that is probably a challenge that is going to persist. ms information, i know for a fact in india asa ms information, i know for a fact in india as a journalist was there when i was india as a journalist was there when iwas in india as a journalist was there when i was injournalism in the 90s. it is probably can't be for a very long time. the effort to combat it... sure. but it feels like it has been weaponised now with social media. that is the difference between a generation ago and now. it has spread and it has spread so quickly. guillamon you are absolutely correct thatis guillamon you are absolutely correct that is a challenge and that is why we try to challenge that and we do that through it mixture of

third—party fact checking programmes and also it is notjust humans looking at that but it is an algorithm that tries to determine how viral some content is, so we are trying to do some things and we are not a company that we are going to stand up and say we are perfect. not a company that we are going to stand up and say we are perfectlj am stand up and say we are perfect.” am not going to say that we have been successful all the time. we learn from ourfailures. been successful all the time. we learn from our failures.” been successful all the time. we learn from our failures. i would like to bring you in in terms of google and the search engine. why, andi google and the search engine. why, and i did it onlya google and the search engine. why, and i did it only a couple of days ago, what about open where was barack 0bama, does google take me to a conspiracy story, a story that we know has been debunked and we know it is alive and it is still there as the number one hit. are you more interested in clicks than we are not more interested in clicks than the truth. 0ur more interested in clicks than the truth. our goal is to make sure that if you are asking a question of google, that you get authoritative content. that is not authoritative content. that is not authoritative content. it should be where he was born and you should be able to find conclusive these way further down.

that is not the case, and that is the case with so many other things that attract so many clicks. i can't speak to that specific incident because have not looked at it myself, but one of the things we think is really important is strengthening authoritative sources, so when people ask questions they rise up. we are doing that in a number of ways. we are working with news organisations and journalists, doing training on verification and on the technology side, making sure that when news organisations and others are creating fact—checked content that it surfaces on google and surfaces in a prominent way. why isn't stuff that is fake just be taken off? google is a search engine, we are not hosting that content, we are pointing, and so... you're disseminating fake content to billions. that's not what we want to do, and certainly... maybe not what you want to do, but that is the reality of what is happening. the reality is that it is a constant battle to train the algorithm to ensure that it is actually

surfacing the content we want. we have thousands of search raters around the world, in local language and local contexts, trying to hone that specific search. a few really quickfire governance questions to all of you. which of your companies has a head of fake news that has been appointed at board level? we don't have that position at twitter. facebook? no. google? we do not. do any of your companies have a head of department that is totally concentrating on attacking fake news? like you have a head of sales, head of marketing, head of finance. i can speak for india... speak for facebook. for facebook as as a whole, or facebook india. i can do either. in india, we do. in india, we have recently made a new hire which we are announcing ina while.

we have a committee of product policy... a committee. yes, because it's a multi—faceted problem. you have a head of finance, you have a head of sales, why, when you started by saying you are taking this seriously, why do you not have a head that is looking specifically at attacking the problem of fake news? because we need to look at this from all angles within the organisation. you can say that of sales or marketing, finance, any of those departments. specifically to the issue of misinformation, it is a multifaceted problem that requires product engineers as well as people who understand the policy and ecosystem who can talk and collaborate together. can i respond to that question? 0ur number one objective at twitter, that applies to the entire company, product, engineering, policy, everyone, is the health of the public conversation. you don't have somebody at board level... answer me another question then. for your r&d budget, looking at new ways to attack this problem, what proportion is spent on combating fake news? i don't know the specifics of that number but what i can tell

you is that it is the number one objective of our product and engineering teams is the health of the public conversation. manish, i know what you said about speaking for facebook but not for whatsapp, whatsapp has a grievance officer for india, that is based out of the us. yes. that is extraordinary, isn't it? i don't think so, no. everybody has the right to their opinion. what we have found and discovered is that the grievance officer, typically the experience with it companies also has been, goal location of the grievance officer, where there are the teams that can actually help in a product solve is the most efficient way of solving that problem. let me ask about some of the things you are doing in more detail. all of you said you are learning, manish, i want to look at the scale of what you are actually doing. facebook is working here in india with boom as a third party fact checker. that is great. it's in all your literature,

we've been looking at it through the course of this week. boom employs six people. facebook had revenues for q1 2018 at $11 billion. there is a massive mismatch there, isn't it? what is the mismatch you are talking about, if i can ask you? i am talking about the scale of facebook‘s response. when facebook talk about working with boom, boom has six people trying to debunk all of this tidal wave of stories we are talking about. in fact we just added another third—party fact checker recently, afp. just to that point. nobody at facebook, or me at this point in time is going to say that it is a one—day solve or... i am asking you about the scale of your response. is it in any way sufficient to match the scale of the problem? my answer is that is that it is a work in progress. we have to increase the network of third—party

fact checkers in india. i know that, that is a job i am personally responsible for. we have to increase and improve the ways we combat misinformation on the platform, we have to scale up, there is absolutely no doubt about that. but to say there is a mismatch i feel is personally unfair because we are trying to combat the problem, we are trying to do a seriousjob of it, from three or four perspectives. and if that mismatch exists, as you say it is, we found that over a period of time improvements have been made. there is research out there that i can share, including university research, that says facebook's response to fake news from 2016 until now has improved significantly. but i wonder, just a final point on this — i wonder if part of the reason that the scale of it is not sufficient is simply because what is in the uppermost of perhaps all the platforms' minds, and the tech giants, is your business model. we talked about whatsapp earlier, basic to that is encryption. the indian government say look, there has to be a workaround,

but whatsapp says no, encryption is our thing. facebook too, is obsessed by growth, growth, growth. you say you are serious about fake news but perhaps that is trumped by your business model. you have to ask me a question. is it? crowd laughs. no. google? i should say our business model is fundamentally different in this way. people for the most part are coming for search. if they are coming to us, it is our goal fundamental to make sure they get good answers. what i'm asking is, what is the most important thing, is it the business model or is it taking this problem as seriously as you said right at the start? our business model is not fundamentally at odds with tackling this issue, or trying to be part of the solution at all. in fact if we succeed in making sure our platform is a place where people can get high quality information,

that helps our business model. what about twitter's business model, and that being the pre—eminence... i'm sorry, what being the pre—eminence? does that again supersede tackling the problem we have with fake news? absolutely not. as we said, our number—1 objective above any other at the company is the health of the public conversation. if you ask any of the executive what their responsibility is... why is it so problematic then to take down fake sites? there are a couple of issues, there's the philosophical issues and then there is practical scale issues involved. philosophically, there is the question to be answered, and one everyone should participate in — do you want individual companies like ours making decisions about what is true and not true. i get there are going to be certain circumstances when those are obvious... do you think your company should be doing that? i think it would be enormously challenging, and i think if we did we would be sitting here having a discussion about how we were not successful there as well. i don't think there are easy answers. but i do think it is important

that we have these dialogues and are open to... we are not looking for easy answers, we are looking for any answers into how to improve the situation. exactly, and one of the things you are going to see is each of us trying different things and learning from each other to improve this. it is certainly not in service to our business model to have information that is inaccurate on our platform. i want to ask a question to all of you once again, how long should we give you, the authorities give you, to sort this all out before taking tougher action, sanctions perhaps, breaking you up, perhaps you're too big. tougher legislation. i think the answer to that is the reason that some of us are here today is to have these sorts of conversations, where we can participate with all members of society to come to some sort of way to improve the platform. i don't think it is a question of time. i think what is shown over the past couple of years is we have improved, made changes on our platform, and tried to bring a lot of resolution, infrastructure to solve the problem.

we realise it is a challenge, but the number of people, and i'll speak to facebook and whatsapp, there is a lot of good that comes out of facebook and whatsapp. it is the story is that comes out that are the outliers. that is the gun lobby defence. it is not, that is not true. the guns are good, the people are bad. i am not making that argument, matthew. what we are saying is we are understanding the problem, we are grappling with the problem. this is not a one—day process it is probably not even going to be a six month solve. we are sitting here out of a genuine desire to make an impact. out of the interest, when were the three of you, in terms of companies, in the same room trying to battle through solutions for all of us to solve this problem. it's a great idea, i haven't thought about it. hasn't happened so far? no, it actually has. i worked very closely with the head of news integrity at facebook and we have done trainings together. last week, all of the companies were together in the united states ahead of the election working together on these very issues. in the united states they were murmuring about that. i'm going to go back

to the audience, i asked you for a show of hands at the start, i'm going to have a final show of hands. in terms of what you have heard so far, who here is more optimistic about trying to get to grips with this problem, in terms of what the tech companies are doing, given what you have just heard. who is more optimistic? we have a lot of work to do. a lot of work, you talked about a lot of learnings, i can't let you come back but i think that shows you the scale of the challenge for all of you. there are many problems but that is just a little glimpse. i want to thank you, the audience, i want to thank you for watching there at home, around the world, and i want to thank our panellists for joining us here on today's discussion. applause good morning. a bit of a frosty

start to sandyford, view. quite cold out there about lots of sunshine overhead. some exceptions. so far it has been misty and foggy. the satellite image from earlier to showing how the fog is there across the midlands and low cloud across parts of eastern scotland. that will gradually thin and break during the day. cloud across the slopes of the grampians into the borders. eastern parts of the pennines. but mostly it is suntanned from dawn to dusk. wind is suntanned from dawn to dusk. wind is strongest in the south. you will get used to that. like further north and temperatures still above average for the time of year. around 13—14 in parts of north—west scotland later. warmer than that across iceland at the moment. 16 celsius possible on the north coast today. you can see where the warm air is. five celsius in germany. that is important because that is where our air is coming from in the next 2a hours. call the coming towards us and not just that hours. call the coming towards us and notjust that but hours. call the coming towards us and not just that but also hours. call the coming towards us and notjust that but also more in

the way of cloud once again. cloud comes from the sea tonight. maybe the odd shower by the end of the night. clea rest for longest the odd shower by the end of the night. clearest for longest in the west. kids season frost around today consider the start of the working week. the morning commute will be at its sunniest. elsewhere, the cloud should be fairly well broken but it is going to be thick enough in places. central and eastern england especially about one to rain showers throughout the day. the vast majority getting through monday and staying dry but colder than it has been. temperatures down on what we have seen this weekend. many only in single figures during monday afternoon. we'll probably start to feel a little bit colder than that. the easterly wind is still with us through monday night and introduced, bringing various areas of cloud of the near constant and those can bring some further showers at times. tuesdayis bring some further showers at times. tuesday is going to be more showers come a tuesday is going to be more showers comea uk tuesday is going to be more showers come a uk wide. most likely to see the frequent ones will be in parts of northern england, north west

wales and down through the english channel, but where you see the showers across england and wales especially, get yourself on the hills and do not be surprised to see some flakes of snow mixed in. 677 celsius at best across an when wales on tuesday. factor in the wind and it will feel closer to freezing. a big shock to the system compared to what we have had. getting closer to what we have had. getting closer to what it will be like during winter. confirmation of that. after the sunshine and pleasant conditions of today, the week ahead will be time today, the week ahead will be time to grab your bed jackets because more cloud than breeze and fielding colder. this is bbc news. the headlines at 11am: former brexit secretary dominic raab criticises the government for "failing to stand up to brussels bullies". theresa may says that replacing her as conservative leader wouldn't make the brexit negotiations any easier, warning that the next week is crucial. the next seven days are going to be critical. they are about the future of this country. it's about people's jobs, it's about their livelihoods, it's about the future

for their children and grandchildren. and in the last few moments the chairman of the 1922 backbench committee graham brady has confirmed to the bbc the threshold of 48 letters for a no confidence vote in the prime minister has not yet been reached. president trump visits northern california following the most devastating wildfires in the state's history.