welcome to bbc news, broadcasting to viewers in north america and around the globe. i'm reged ahmad. our top stories: a warning and a challenge to president trump from his own government. a new report says unchecked climate change will cost america hundreds of billions of dollars. spain's prime minister says he hasn't got the british guarantees he wants on gibraltar, throwing doubt over sunday's summit to approve an eu brexit deal. translation: if there is no deal, it's obvious that what will happen is that the european council will most likely not take place. these brainy bottlenose dolphins are showing scientists that teamwork comes easy. and a rare visit to iran, as the country again adjusts to life under us sanctions, our reporter goes to see how iranians are adapting. a report from the us government says climate change is likely to cost

hundreds of billions of dollars by the end of the century, shrinking the size of the us economy by 10%, if no action is taken. but the report clashes with president trump's own policies on the issue. he has repeatedly cast doubt on the fact that man—made climate change is real, despite the overwhelming scientific evidence. our correspondentjames cook has this report. this, say many scientists, is what climate change looks like. in recent years, california has seen bigger, deadlier and more destructive wildfires than ever before. during a cold snap in washington this week, president trump tweeted, whatever happened to global warming? now, his own government experts have answered the question. it is here, they say. its effects are serious, and without dramatic change, they will be catastrophic.

already, says the report, more frequent and intense storms like hurricane harvey, which ravaged houston and texas, are destroying property and may damage critical infrastructure such as bridges, power plants and oil refineries. crop yields and labour productivity will decline. there will be a rise in the spread of tropical disease. the poorest americans will be ha rdest—hit. one of the things that's quite striking about the report, for example, is that we could see a future where the south—eastern parts of the united states experience forest fire seasons that look like what happens in the west right now. and the real harm of a forest fire is notjust the conflagration. it's how people — whether they know how to respond to them. they know how to respond to them if you've been through the seasons again and again and again. that's something that people in the south—east haven't experienced before, so we know that it could potentially have even greater impact. the scientists say substantial and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions are essential, and they do

report some progress. but president trump has taken a sharply different approach to his predecessor, barack obama, championing coal, oil and gas and rolling back environmental regulations. without major, urgent action, says the report, the impacts of climate change will soon cascade into every corner of american life. the spanish prime minister, pedro sanchez, says he still hasn't been given the guarantees he wants from britain on gibraltar, suggesting that a summit in brussels on sunday to approve the brexit deal could be called off. spain wants a greater say in the territory at its southern tip after the uk leaves the european union. our correspondent adam fleming says the issue could prove a real stumbling block. the last few days, the spanish government has been looking for written guarantees about how the final brexit deal will apply in gibraltar. in the last couple of hours, the spanish prime minister has done a news conference in havana,

in cuba, where he says he has not yet received those guarantees, and if he doesn't get them, he does not think sunday's planned brexit summit should go ahead. translation: regarding gibraltar, let me tell you, i insist that the guarantees are not enough, and therefore spain maintains its veto on the brexit deal. if there is no deal, it's obvious that what will happen is that the european council will most likely not take place. now, behind the scenes, solutions are being sought. some eu diplomats are getting quite annoyed with madrid, because they think they're making a mountain out of a molehill for domestic political reasons. and, having said all that, the eu is pushing ahead with all the preparations you'd expect for a summit taking place. for example, donald tusk, the president of the european council, who will chair it, has invited theresa may for a last—minute pre—summit

meeting tomorrow night. talking to diplomats and texting them in brussels tonight, the sense is that this will be solved, but this last—minute hurdle being thrown up by the spanish government was not in anyone's plan. adam fleming. earlier the british prime minister, theresa may, took to the airwaves to try and sell her struggling brexit deal to the british public. she told a bbc radio phone—in that if parliament votes against her plan, there will only be more division and uncertainty. our deputy political editor john pienaar‘s report contains flash photography. her rebellious mps won't listen to her message on brexit. time to talk to the country. a 5 live news special, with emma barnett and theresa may. i think for most people out there, actually, theyjust want us to get on with it. mrs may is talking now over the heads of political opponents and tory mutineers, trying to tune in to public impatience with the point—scoring, with a political game she may well lose. i'm going to be explaining the deal

to people up and down the country, because i think this is important. it's not just about the mp5 in westminster looking at the deal. it's about people across the country understanding what the deal is about. so that's my focus. so no plans to resign? my focus is on getting this deal through. then, this blunt warning to parliament, to brexiteer mps and ministers — no point defeating her brexit plan in hope of getting a better one. if we were to go back to the european union and say, "well, we didn't — people didn't like that deal, can we have another one?", we won't get — i don't think they're going to come to us and say, "we'll give you a better deal." for the former remainer, michael had a tough question. without any political waffle or convoluted answer, just between the two of us, what in your honest opinion is betterfor the uk — your deal, or the deal we had if we'd stayed in the eu? you say are we better off, better off... actually, it's a different sort of environment, and a different approach that we'll be taking to things.

so not quite yes, and not quite no. brexiteers know what they don't like. on air too today, the former brexit secretary, who quit negotiations and the cabinet, convinced nothing is worse than mrs may's deal. well, i'm not going to advocate staying in the eu, but if you just presented me terms, this deal or eu membership, because we'd effectively be bound by the same rules but without the control or voice over them, yes, i think this would be even worse than that. the odds, and a large number of mps on all sides, are stacked up against theresa may's brexit plan. today she is insisting, if her plan is defeated in the commons, there is no chance of getting a better one. but tory brexiteers, including some in cabinet, disagree. they may not want a leader who is convinced they have no chance of success.

as it is, we're all watching and waiting to find out. will this historic plan be pulled up short, stopped in its tracks? it's looking like it. but, untilthen, mrs may will try to make it work. downing tools simply not an option. john pienaar, bbc news, westminster. let's get some of the day's other news: real madrid have denied that their captain, sergio ramos, broke anti—doping rules after the 2017 champions league final. the german news magazine der spiegel says the spain international tested positive for the anti—inflammatory drug dexamethasone, which is only banned if testers are not informed of its use. uefa accepted an apology from ramos, who blamed the club's doctor for the mix—up. hundreds of people have attended the funeral of the well—known syrian radio host and activist raed fares, who was killed by gunmen in the rebel—held province of idlib. raed fares founded an independent radio station broadcasting from opposition—held areas. he was known for defying demands to stop playing music and to remove female broadcasters. he died along with a fellow activist, hammoud juneid. china says the militant attack on its consulate in karachi will not

deter it from investing in infrastructure projects in pakistan. no consular staff were hurt in the attack, but two pakistani police officers, two locals, and the three gunmen were killed. a separatist group, the balochistan liberation army, which opposes chinese influence in pakistan, said it carried out the assault. secunder kermani reports. gunfire outside the chinese consulate in the heart of pakistan's commercial capital. the attackers, armed with assault rifles and grenades, didn't manage to enter the building, but did kill two policeman. two pakistani civilians also died, but the consular staff were unharmed. translation: i took the people inside and locked the door. the chinese asked what was happening. i told them there were terrorists, and to stay inside. i barricaded the door with chairs and a cupboard, but the terrorists

just kept firing. a militant separatist group, the balochistan liberation army, claimed responsibility for the attack. they had been waging a low—level insurgency in the south—western province of balochistan, accusing the pakistani state of exploiting the region's natural resources, and now say china is doing the same. beijing is investing billions of dollars in infrastructure projects centred around this port in balochistan, which will link western china to the arabian sea. both countries want the so—called china—pakistan economic corridor to succeed, and said today's attack would not undermine their relationship. translation: we also believe pakistan will continue to take measures to ensure the safe and secure development of the china—pakistan corridor. officials in both countries will be relieved the death toll was not higher. but this attack is the most high profile on a chinese target in pakistan so far, and that

will raise concerns. turkey's foreign minister has criticised president donald trump's latest comments on the murder of saudi journalist jamal khashoggi. president trump downplayed the cia's assessment that the saudi crown prince, mohammed bin salman, ordered the killing. mr trump said the intelligence agency had not conclusively placed the blame on the crown prince. mark lowen is our correspondent in istanbul. this frustration that the trump administration is not accepting this wave of information and leaks that turkey has provided, including excerpts from audio recording inside the saudi consulate here in istanbul that documented the final, grew so minutes of jamal khashoggi's life. the turkish foreign minister said that donald trump was effectively turning a blind eye to who ordered the killing, but it was not the right approach, and that not everything is down to money. i think that turkey really has one card left, really, in its back pocket, which is to release the audiotapes

more widely, perhaps to journalists, two other intelligence agencies. but they are not doing it yet, and i think that is because turkey feels thatis think that is because turkey feels that is the final bit of leverage that is the final bit of leverage that it has still over saudi arabia, before is incontrovertible evidence ofa before is incontrovertible evidence of a premeditated killing, and who might have been behind it. stay with us on bbc news. still to come: remembering the end of the first world war in east africa. but has the sacrifice of colonial troops there been overlooked by history? we have a special report from kenya. president kennedy was shot down and died almost immediately. the murder ofjohn kennedy is a disaster for the whole free world. he caught the imagination of the world. the first of a new generation of leaders. margaret thatcher is resigning as leader of the conservative party and prime minister. before leaving number 10 to see the queen, she told her cabinet, "it's a funny old world."

angela merkel is germany's first woman chancellor, easily securing the majority she needed. attempts to fly a hot air balloon had to be abandoned after a few minutes, but nobody seemed to mind very much. as one local comic put it, "it's not hot air we need, it's hard cash." cuba has declared nine days of mourning following the death of fidel castro at the age of 90. castro developed close ties with the soviet union in the 1960s. it was an alliance that brought the world to the brink of nuclear war with the cuban missile crisis. this is bbc news. the latest headlines: a us government report warns that climate change will cost the country hundreds of billions of dollars by the end of the century. questions from spain over gibraltar‘s status throws doubt over sunday's meeting on britain's proposed eu—brexit deal. the united states imposed tough new sanctions on iran this month,

with donald trump renouncing the international agreement designed to restrict the country's nuclear programme. the measures, which the other signatories of the agreement oppose, are intended to hit iran's oil exports, shipping and banks. but what will the sanctions mean for the people of iran? our diplomatic correspondent james landale reports from the capital, tehran. when iranians want to have fun, they go up to the mountains, and then come down fast. this is tochal, a resort in the foothills north of tehran. in winter, they ski. in summer, they walk. a place where children, families and couples can escape the hustle of tehran and breathe some clean air.

but, behind the fun, it's a different story. amir ali works as a chef here, and has little hope for the future. iran is so hard for living, so hard for working. everyone thinks about going out of iran. and that is because the latest american sanctions are hitting the economy, making it harder to sell oil overseas and, one doctor told us, tougher to find medicines at home. we came across this man playing his sitar, a 23—year—old music student and graphic designer. so many businesses was trying to open there, for example, restaurants or cafes. but the material that we were importing to iran was stopped, and that made so many businesses fail.

but that view is not universal. ali is 26, unemployed, and boy, does he trust the government. there are hardships, but they are uncontrollable. we can't control them. we try. the government, the state is doing its best. in the bazaars, many people were reluctant to talk to us, fearful of how the authorities might react. some traders who did speak grumbled about a fluctuating currency and the trouble they had exporting goods. but other businessmen were optimistic. we are facing problems for the sanctions, but we can manage that. we know how to deal with it. the united states believes that its sanctions will bring about a change of government here in iran, certainly some iranians we spoke to feared for theirjobs

and feared for the future. but others were far more phlegmatic. they said, "look, we've survived sanctions before, and we'll survive them again." james landale, bbc news, tehran. two weeks after most nations marked the centenary of the armistice that ended the first world war, ceremonies have been taking place in east africa. that's because news of the german surrender took two weeks to reach many colonial and african troops, fighting in remote rural areas. andrew harding reports from the war graves cemetery in the town of voi in southern kenya. last post. in a startlingly beautiful corner of kenya, a ceremony this afternoon to mark the end of a long forgotten war, a war so far removed from events in europe that it ended two weeks later. we pray for those who died during the war, believing injesus and abiding with him in the hope of rising again. we pray for those who died during the war, believing injesus and abiding with him in the hope of rising again. and yet, this was no minor skirmish.

britain and its allies fought a gruelling campaign over a vast area, chasing a tiny german force that used guerilla tactics to make its enemies divert men and supplies from the front lines in france. please don't dismiss this as a sideshow. this was an important area of operations within the world war. it was the longest of the campaigns. and we see very high casualty figures? high casualty figures all the way around. a painting captures the delayed armistice here. deep in the bush, the germans had wanted to fight on. note the faces behind the white generals. hundreds of thousands of african porters and soldiers played a vital role, their courage and sacrifice rarely acknowledged. on a hilltop fort, century—old british graffiti. "darkie", and "e black." a guide digs for bullets in a nearby trench.

these battlefields have been neglected for decades. two weeks ago, as we were going around here, we found a machine gun placement down there. a new one? a new one, brand—new one. and we have not even cleared it. do you think the contribution of local black soldiers, porters, has been properly recognised ? yeah, that is where, that is a grey area. i don't think we have been recognised as other soldiers have. a new plaque is a small attempt to correct that. the war here in east africa has always seemed like a sideshow, a footnote to the horrors in europe. and yet this conflict involved about i million people. tens of thousands lost their lives. what's most striking today is quite how little it is remembered here. a weekend of ceremonies is now beginning here,

an attempt to highlight and commemorate africa's forgotten role in the great war. for much of her life, larisa has been a music teacher to the children of a tiny village in ukraine. but at 63 she took up an entirely different career and her success has led to the front cover of fashion magazines and centre stage on the catwalk. as part of the bbc‘s 100 women series, which looks at the role of women in the 21st century, we've been talking to an older role model, in every sense.

i received a phone call with an offer to ta ke i received a phone call with an offer to take part in the photo shoot for international women's day. i took some time to think about it that i chose my outfit. i insisted i be shot with my accordion. translation: soay showed up for the casting in high heels and my tight skirt, of course, and with my hair done. and he looked at me like" but this one on the cover". at first i wa nted this one on the cover". at first i wanted to take offence. this one? i am older, i am a teacher. transocean

tra nsocean mac eyeliner, transocean mac eyeliner, eyebrow make—up and curling irons and offer me. but i can tolerate it once a month. i prepared for the event thoroughly, i took down classes and catwalk training. i am a little bit self—centred, so when i am the centre of attention i feel like a queen. conflation mac there is no need to fight ageing. we should accept it and try to save afloat. in high heels, in my case. (laughs). —— translation: researchers in florida have shown that bottlenose dolphins can work

together to perform and complete tasks. the dolphin research centre undertook a year—long project in collaboration with the university of western australia, and studied pairs of dolphins in the florida keys. gail maclellan tells us what they found. dolphins us what they found. have long been regarded as the dolphins have long been regarded as the most intelligent of marine mammals. and this study confirms their extraordinary abilities. research has wanted to see if dolphins could actively co—operate with each other, notjust perform the same actions in the same place and time. could they understand their partner's role in the game? the dolphins had to swim across the lagoon and press the buttons simultaneously. specifically within one second time window. to succeed the two dolphins each had to press their button at the same time. whether they had been sent across the lagoon together or with a delay

in time of up to 20 seconds. the buttons were wired to a computer to record the actions and time difference. the dolphins didn'tjust succeed at this task, they were amazing at it. so by the end the difference in time between their button presses was just 370 ms but about a third of the second. that kind of precision shows they did not just co—operate but they may act litre water naked in a super precise way to co—ordinate their behaviour is -- way to co—ordinate their behaviour is —— actively to water naked —— co—ordinated. is —— actively to water naked —— co-ordinated. one of them would swim significantly faster than its partner to make up the difference showing us the gift —— sophisticated understanding of how to play the game. while it is not unusualfor mammals to work corporate of lee in the wild, these dolphins have shown that some understand how a partner's role combines with their own —— cooperatively. researchers believe this is an intellectual ability that

are applied to many different situations in the wild stock —— that dolphins apply. we have had black friday across the us, shoppers turned out in droves looking for bargains today after thanksgiving. it is one of the biggest shopping days of the year. retailers offer bargains ahead of the holiday season and huge lines formed at checkouts across the country. it was a similar story online, shoppers sent $643 million by ioam according to analysts, and they say online spending throughout they say online spending throughout the day was on course to hit 6.4 billion dollars. i hope they got something good. the us government warns that climate change will cost the country hundreds of billions of dollars by the end of the century. much more on that story and all the others on our website. hello.

the week ended on a pretty gloomy note for many, and i'm not expecting things to brighten up spectacularly through the weekend. yes, some of us will see sunshine but many more will be stuck with cloud, it will feel chilly and for some areas, a bit of rain in the forecast. the satellite shows quite a lot of cloud streaming towards southern areas, this cloud is ready bringing some heavy downpours of rain across the south—west of england, even the odd flash of lightning and thunder, and we keep potential for wet weather across the south—west but perhaps also across other southern counties of england as well as we go through saturday. uncertainty about how far north that rain will get. it looks most likely that it will say to the south of the m4 corridor. so if you are in the london area, the south midlands, you may see a little bit of rain, on balance it should stay just about dry, temperatures around nine degrees. some rain could fringe into south wales but for the midlands, north—west england, south—west scotland and for a time across northern ireland a chance of seeing breaks in the cloud and some sunny spells. for north—east england

and the eastern side of scotland we will keep cloud and some showery rain and with that easterly breeze across the country, top temperatures no better than 7—10 degrees. some rain is likely to continue across southern counties of england across saturday evening, elsewhere dry weather, some rain in drizzle coming into eastern areas, we keep that easterly breeze feeding in cloud, the best of the clear skies in the west. if it does stay clear where you are there may be a touch of frost, most areas will stay frost free. for sunday high pressure in charge, but this frontal system threatens to throw a bit of a spanner in the works across the south—east corner. uncertainty about this but clipping into kent and sussex, we could see a little bit of rain. it may come a touch further north and west, but for many sunday is largely dry. a lot of cloud in the east, the best of the brightness further west, but fairly chilly. on monday we keep our weather coming in from the east, not an especially strong breeze but a cool one bringing lots of cloud, patchy rain in the east,

some sunshine to the west and those temperatures stuck in single digits for all of us. and then a bit of a change as we had deeper into the new week because high—pressure retreats and the low pressure in the atlantic starts to wind itself up, a lot of white lines, a lot of isobars on the chart, that means it will be windy and at times wet. so tuesday another cool day, turning wet and windy on wednesday but also turning a bit milder. this is bbc news. the headlines: an official us report warns that climate change will cost america hundreds of billions of dollars and cause severe damage to people's health and way of life, all of which is at odds with president trump's stance on the issue. the spanish prime minister says he still hasn't got the british guarantees he wants on gibraltar, suggesting that a summit in brussels on sunday to approve an eu deal on brexit could be postponed. mr sanchez said if there was no agreement on the draft deal, the summit would not take place. people in taiwan are voting in local

elections and in several referenda, including one on the legalisation of same—sex marriage. the issue has divided the island, despite the top court ruling in favour, giving parliament two years to amend laws or pass new ones. shortly on bbc news, it is newswatch. but bofore that, here is click.