you're watching beyond one hundred days. the world divided over venezuela. the ukjoins the us, canada and the eu to support the opposition. while russia, iran and china side with nicolas maduro. and you thought the cold was was long gone. war was long gone. after massive protests yesterday, the head of the opposition declares himself acting president and gets the backing of powerful western and latin democracies. the regime of former president nicholas maduro is illegitimate. his regime is morally bankrupt. it's economically incompetent and it is profoundly corrupt. donald trump blinks. in his stand off with nancy pelosi over the state of the union address, it's the president who backs down. also on the programme: plane—maker airbus says it's a "disgrace" firms still can't plan for brexit, just one business voice hitting the government over its handling of negotiations. and the man who won a seat in the house of lords thanks to,

yes, you guessed it, a 17th century ancestor who was a mate of a king who lost his head. hello and welcome. i'm katty kay in washington. rob watson is in london. with distinct echoes of the cold war, russia and america are in a stand off over venezuela. russia today accused the us of trying to usurp power in the troubled latin country after the opposition leader declared himself the interim president and washington recognised the new power. so far, several latin american countries, the us, canada and, rather reluctantly, the eu have recognised jean gauido as leader — while iran, china, russia and cuba are sticking with the sitting president nicolas maduro. the question now is whether the venezuelan military shifts support to gauido and whether the trump administration has any plans for military action there. here's us secretary of state mike pompeo today. the regime of former president

nicholas maduro is illegitimate. his regime is morally bankrupt. it's economically incompetent and it is profoundly corrupt. it is undemocratic to the core. i repeat, the regime of former president nicolas maduro is illegitimate. we therefore consider all of its declarations and actions illegitimate and invalid. our next guest says russia and china are key supporters of maduro's regime — for two very different reasons. michael shifter is the president of us—thinktank inter—american dialogue. hejoins us now. before we get this slightly spheres of influence scenario, what happens

next in venuzuela ? of influence scenario, what happens next in venuzuela? it is uncertain, with we have two parallel governments, one has power the other has legitimacy. juan guaido has a legal basis to be president. but he doesn't have control of the armed forces. that is not working out so well in libya, where we have two governments. well, it is complicated. we have personnel in the embassy, nicolas maduro says they should leave. and the other says they leave. it is complicated. this idea that you have got this western democracies lined up against russia, china, cuba and mexico, the world is split on this, what is russia trying to do in venuzuela? russia trying to do in venuzuela? russia has been interested in projecting its influence in the backyard of the united states.

messing with america. messing with america. america messes on russia's borders. russia wants to do the same and they're having very aggressive and they're having very aggressive and there have been arms sales to venuzuela. there is not much of an economic interest. for those who don't follow venuzuela closely, is this about economics?” don't follow venuzuela closely, is this about economics? i don't think so. this about economics? i don't think so. of course, the country is devastated economically. but i think it is also the politics. people are scared in venuzuela. and there has beena scared in venuzuela. and there has been a tremendous amount of repression by the nicolas maduro government and the security forces. people don't have a voice, there is really a dictatorial rule. the two decade experiment that started with

hugo chavez has decayed. the economic issue is driving it, but it is also a political issue and a humanitarian crisis as well. we have over three million venezualans have fled the country in the last couple of years. more are projected to leave according to the un in 2019 and so clearly people are fleeing from misery, poverty and repression. could outside intervention be helpful do you think? we have talked about the competing powers. helpful do you think? we have talked about the competing powerslj helpful do you think? we have talked about the competing powers. i think what really is going to determine where this goes and the outcome is what happens within venuzuela. but it has become part of this global chess game, as we see. but the only reason we're in the situation we are in today that would have been unimaginable just two or three weeks ago is because we have a new leader who has emerged and is an appealing young leader, who has caught on and

created some momentum for the opposition. now you have an alternative in place. that is positive. but comes with its risks. this a risk forjuan guaido that having outside powers like the united states specifically come in and say we support you undermines his credibility in venuzuela? so far it is not. because there is such in this area and most of western europe, there is condemnation of nicolas maduro's regime. the trump administration is not loved in latin america. he is very unpopular. but most thing is the administration is oi'i most thing is the administration is on the right side of this question. the question is what comes next and have they thought through the implications of taking the stand? that is unclear. so i have some questions about that. how on earth

does this end? well, i could tell you how i hope it ends. i hope it ends through... a negotiation that is going to take a long time. the military, high level military office rs have military, high level military officers have a lot of stake, they have a lot of interests, they have made a lot of money on illicit activities and there have been human rights abuses, if they're going to walk away, they're going to need protection and guarantees and that requires a degree of confidence between the opposition leaders and also the military officials to work out some sort of mutually acceptable arrangement. i don't this that is easy and it will take time. that would be the most democratic and peaceful scenario. let's talk about the domestic politics, president trump saying he is taking nothing off the table. i can't believe there is much appetite in this white house oi’ is much appetite in this white house or in any us administration for

military intervention do you think? is that really possible? military intervention do you think? is that really possible ?|j military intervention do you think? is that really possible? i don't think it is likely. trump has made reference to all options on the table since he came to power. i'm sure there are some plans and options that are being considered, but i don't think this much of an appetite for military action and it would be dises a disastrous if it happened and wouldn't be welcomed by the latin american countries. thank you. very dramatic scenes from caracas. yes it is worth remembering the imf said the financial crisis in venuzuela is one of the worse it has seenin venuzuela is one of the worse it has seen in 50 years. that gives you an idea of the scale of it. yeah and some sense of why other countries are getting involved in this. now british politics. the former first minister

of scotland, alex salmond, has appeared in court in edinburgh, facing fourteen charges including two counts of attempted rape and nine of sexual assault. mr salmond emerged after the hearing to say he denies all the charges against him. he said he's ‘innocent of any criminality whatsover‘ and promised to defend himself in court ‘to the utmost.‘ the bbc‘s scotland editor sarah smith joins us now from outside the sheriff court in edinburgh. explain what, give us a sense of exactly what the charges are and what he faces and what happens next. well there is a total of 14 criminal charges, two counts of attempted rape. nine counts of sexual assault, two of indecent assault and up with ofa two of indecent assault and up with of a breach of the peace. these are serious criminal charges he was told he is facing. he was released on bail. he came out and protested to

the reporters outside his innocence and said he will fight the allegations. he didn't make a plea of guilty or not guilty, you don't do that . this stage. there will it to hearings before it moves to a full trial, that may not take place for a trial, that may not take placefefif trial, that may not take placefara during that time alex salmond year. during that time alex salmond will continue to protest his innocence i'm sure. for viewers around the world who don't know the importance of alex salmond. place him in scottish politics. has been the dominant figure in scottish politics for the past few decades and in british politics. he became the first snp first minister of scotland and the longest serving first minister scotland has had and crucially he is the man who led scotland into the independence referendum in 2014 and led the yes campaign. he didn't win that.

scotland didn't vote for independence. but they came closer thana independence. but they came closer than a lot of people expected. transformed scottish politics as a result and the question of independence is still a live one in scotland and lot of that was down to alex salmond. he is the biggest beast in scottish politics and one of the most transformative figures in uk politics. i wanted to ask you, for those who don't follow scottish politics, you mentioned independence, to what extent is this proving an unwelcome distraction for the snp, who were hoping to capitalise on the uncertainty and chaos around brexit to advance the case again for independence?m chaos around brexit to advance the case again for independence? it has thrown a spanner right into the ce ntre thrown a spanner right into the centre of any plans to do that. that is because the current first minister, nicola sturgeon, who was a very close friend of alex salmond, has got caught up in this. it is not

just the police investigation, there has been a scottish government investigation into allegations of sexual misconduct. that investigation fell to pieces in court and the government admitted they had breached their own procedures. alex salmo emerged from court after succeeding in saying the government's investigation had been unfair. that raised all sorts of questions for the current first minister, nicola sturgeon, she is facing parliamentary inquiries and investigations into her conduct and while she is mired in this, it is difficult to push forward and say the time is for another scottish independence referendum, regardless of what is going on with brexit, she can't press that case when she is facing investigations herself. sarah smith, thank you. we might all be

waiting to find out how politicians break through the brexit impasse. but many businesses aren't sticking around to find out. today, airbus became the latest big name to make its voice heard, warning that it could move its wing building out of the uk if there is a no—deal brexit. here's the compa ny‘s senior vice president on why they're speaking out now. we felt that we were getting to a crunch time. there was a lot of false allegation that a managed no deal could work and we just wanted to be clear for us it would be catastrophic — we would see chaos at the borders and our wing parts and our satellite parts could potentially get held up. for me, as a uk business person, i didn't want to see my country causing a great international company like airbus being affected. the dangers that brexit presents to the uk economy is forcing the hand of many big names businesses in the uk. sirjames dyson may be one of the most high profile supporters of brexit, but that hasn't stopped his company shifting its headquarters to singapore.

p&0 have re—registered its entire fleet of ferries under the cypriot flag. sony is moving its european headquarters to amsterdam. luxury car—maker bentley says the company is stockpiling parts. and retailer dixons carphone says its working to shore up supplies. and these announcements aren't just from this month or this week, no, these are just the warnings from tuesday. a short while ago we spoke to paul everitt, chief execitive of ads, the trade organisation for companies in the uk aerospace, defence, security and space sectors. the chief executive of airbus said the government's handling of brexit was a disgrace, because businesses have no idea, like the rest of us you might say, what is going to happen. do you agree with him?|j think happen. do you agree with him?” think you will find what tom has been saying in his unique style is something that our industry and

other industries in the uk have been saying over the last probably two and a half years to government and parliamentarians of all colours. have they not been listening? well, you know, iwant have they not been listening? well, you know, i want is an interesting question, we have been explaining and sharing with them our own analysis of the consequences, particularly of not getting a deal and ofa particularly of not getting a deal and of a sort of chaotic brexit. we would have been preferred to have been talking about you know the positive outcomes of the negotiation and how we might implement that and transition to it in a sensible and sta ble transition to it in a sensible and stable way. unfortunately our only planning horizon has been for a period no deal. just quickly, what do you say to leave voters who say this stuff from business is scaremongering and the sky hasn't fallen in since the referendum?” think what we are trying to explain to leave voters and others is that

if you leave a legal structure, which have you have been working in for 40 years, it doesn't default to something easy and happy. you need to have a transition period and a known landing destination. if not, businesses that have you know... we manufacture just in time. we are not built for long customs delays. change regulations. that is something we would plan to handled over a something we would plan to handled overa numberof years. something we would plan to handled overa number of years. not something we would plan to handled over a number of years. not from one day to the next. the question is are aerospace and defence companies going to leave somewhere else. you have big capital investments in the uk. that is not what tom was saying, airbus and all of industry have been saying clearly, what happens if there is a chaotic brexit is huge

disruption, certainly in the short to medium term and significant additional costs associated with border controls, customs arrangements, new regulations, which means that over time we are far less competitive, we are unable to secure the international investment that we will be needing to be globally competitive and when there is a major new product, others will be better placed to compete for it. so sometimes i think this story is better told with specific exam prime ministers, can you —— examples, can you give us an example of what would happen to airbus if there was no deal. currently in the uk, when you're shipping goods around europe, it doesn't matter you're shipping goods around europe, it doesn't mat ter whether it is from toulouse or bournemouth, you need one piece of paper, six pieces

of data. post a chaotic brexit means a12 of data. post a chaotic brexit means a 12 page document with 54 lines of data to 12 different kind of governmental agencies. so that is just paperwork. that is before you get to the fact that trucks will not have permits to access europe or the numbers that will be able to access europe are significantly reduced. we live in a country where our department for transport is buying ferry services to try and alleviate problems, where our health service is stop piling medicines in case there is a problem for you know sick people. this not a common set of circumstances. so if we leave without a deal, we will have a chaotic period. paul everitt speaking to us earlier. the question you put to him is the one, is this

idea that before brexit there was this line that lots of companies would leave the united kingdom and they haven't done so in the course of the last two and a half years. we mentioned those names that have said they're planning mentioned those names that have said they‘ re planning to mentioned those names that have said they're planning to move, but do we know if there will be a big exodus after march 29th, particularly if there is no deal. the way i would a nswer there is no deal. the way i would answer that is by sharing a conversation with someone in the remain campaign, he said the mistake we made was to describe brexits like a car crash, it is more like a slow puncture. that is what you will see, a slow drip, drip. which i why those names we have seen and what the aerospace industry is saying is important. could that amount to this slow puncture. other news around the world:

a us senate panel has issued a formal request for testimony from president trump's former lawyer, michael cohen. yesterday mr cohen postponed a public appearance before the house oversight committee, claiming that mr trump had threatened his family. it's not yet clear how mr cohen will respond to the new subpoena from the senate intelligence committee. mr cohen is due to begin a prison sentence in march after being convicted of campaign finance violations. the search for the plane carrying an argentian footballer and pilot has been called off by english authorities. cardiff city's new signing, emiliane sala was on the aircraft that disappeared on monday. sala's sister has implored rescuers to continue the search, but the decision was made after officials described chances of survival as "extremely remote". a wisconsin police officer had a near miss when a car spun out of control on an icy road. dashcam footage showed the car lose control and slide towards deputy jason fabry. he was out of his car at the time, helping another driver who had slid in to a ditch. the incident took place in december

but has been released to remind drivers to slow down in cold weather. i'm tempted to say, derr! leonardo da vinci was of course the original renaissance man, and the toast of europe, but today the artist is at the centre of an international spat. italy has denied a request from france for the loan of a number of his paintings. the works of art had been requested for a major exhibition in paris, designed to mark the 500th anniversary of da vinci's death later this year. our italy correspondent james reynolds reports from florence. take as much time as you need in front of each of these leonardo paintings in florence — they will not be going on tour tojoin paintings in florence — they will not be going on tour to join the mona lisa in paris. you would think

there would be enough leonardo works to keep everyone happy, but that is not how that argument is playing out. the artist is now essentially the subject of an international custody dispute. this gallery says the works are too fragile to be moved. any travel always puts works of art at risk. they're sophisticated ways of having paintings travel now. however, nothing is as safe as keeping them where they are. but there is much more to it than simple conservation. right now, populist—led italy and liberal—run france don't get along. italy accuses france of trying to huack italy accuses france of trying to hijack leonardo for himself. translation: he belongs to the

world, if you ask me where he is from, he is italian. he was an italian genius, the fact that he is surrounded by this italian beauty allowed to grow and become what he is now. but france, the custodian of the most famous work, feels no need for history lessons from hitly. -- italy. what a revelation. what a revelation, yes leonardo is italian, but he has chosen, freely chosen, to come into france and to live in this country. during several years. and he has conceived many great projects. leonardo, but he is at the same projects. leonardo, but he is at the same time french. he was european. projects. leonardo, but he is at the same time french. he was european! continent now prepares to mark the

anniversary of his death. the artist who once dreamed of flight is now grounded ina who once dreamed of flight is now grounded in a nationalistic debate. leonardos, you could lend them from your household. yes my kids' drawings! now, the uk parliament has welcomed its newest legislator this week, but not many candidates were allowed to put their name forward for the ballot. that's because the hereditary seat remains one of the few in the house of lords that can only be occupied by a handful of aristocrats. the newest peer is the conservative aeneas mackay, the lord reay — an investment banker. he's eligible because his great—grandfather's cousin's father's fourth cousin's father's cousin's grandfather's grandfather's father happened to have been made a lord in 1628. by charles i — the one who was later executed by parliament. but if you're worried that this has the whiff of the undemocratic

about it, you needn't. lord reay won his spot in a heated contest against 15 other eligible candidates after all. one of the defeated candidates — who came sixth — cited his ‘conversational spanish and german' in his manifesto, promising, ‘i feel i can make a contribution to the house in the brexit and post—brexit future‘. this is beyond 100 days from the bbc. coming up for viewers on the bbc news channel and bbc world news — hundreds of thousands of us federal workers are set to miss their second paycheck tomorrow and now businesses are feeling the pinch too. and could there be a link between gum disease and alzheimer‘s? it could lead to a break through in treatment. there is a different feel to the

weather on the way. still a lot of cloud around, but it is going to feel milder. that is this front moving east across the uk. it is a warm front coming from atlantic, rather than the cold air from the north—west. the transition to milder air comes with a good deal of cloud and some rain pushing east and some hill snow in northern scotland. some fog in eastern england and that will go into frost again and into eastern scotland. but these are temperatures at the end of the night and temperatures will rise across the uk. soa temperatures will rise across the uk. so a very different feel in the morning. there will be a lot of cloud around and some rain clearing east anglia and south—east england and further rain in scotland and wales. for the east,

and further rain in scotland and wales. forthe east, it and further rain in scotland and wales. for the east, it will be mainly dry and a few bright spells. but a good deal of cloud around. a brisk westerly breeze, but temperatures still in single figures in northern scotland, but elsewhere double figures. the rain gets heavier in northern scotland for a time on friday night. on saturday with this front close by, a chance of some hill snow in northern scotland. elsewhere this rain will slide into northern ireland to give a few hours of rain and still some uncertainty about the timing, but it holds off the bulk of the rest of the country until after dark. we have a cold front moving through as we go into sunday around this area of... and... low pressure and it

will feel different by suspend. some showers and they could be wintry in northern parts. but some of the wintriness may feed further south. a brisk north—westerly wind, so wind chill will be a factor and temperatures have come down and feeling colder still in the wind. this is beyond 100 days. with me katty kay in washington, rob watson is in london. our top stories... venezuelan president nicolas maduro stands firm as a host of countries cut ties with his socialist government. the longest government shutdown in us history rolls on. thousands of federal employees are without pay and many more businesses that rely on them are suffering. and coming up in the next half hour... just 64 days until brexit but research shows that many people still don‘t understand terms like no deal and backstop. we‘ll break down the jargon with our correspondent chris mason. and could there be a link between gum disease and alzheimers? that‘s what some scientists are saying and it could lead to a breakthrough in treatment.

donald trump once said "defeat is not in my vocabulary." well, yesterday he was defeated by a 78—year—old woman. nancy pelosi. in the standoff over whether the president could or could not go to capitol hill to give the state of the union address, mr trump was forced to back down. to be fair, he did so graciously, agreeing to find a date for the address once government has reopened here. in tweets last night, mr trump acknowledged that ms pelosi has the power to decide whether he can speak in congress or not. ‘she then changed her mind because of the shutdown, suggesting a later date. this is her prerogative — i will do the address when the shutdown is over‘. to discuss this and day 34 of the us government shutdown we‘re joined now by the bbc‘s north america reporter, anthony zurcher. thank you for coming in. what

happened, why did president trump cave in? in earlier letter he sent said he was adamant about giving the state of the union address and now he has backed down. it was always a game within a game within a game. it was a proxy battle for the larger shutdown fight which really is a microcosm of a larger fight between democrats and republicans over who sets the policy agenda for the next two years. donald trump backs down basically because he did not have the power to force nancy pelosi's hand. will it translate into him backing down on the shutdown fight? i think we will find out in the coming hours with some votes in the senate about where things stand as faras senate about where things stand as far as which side has the upper hand. the other thing we might find out about the suck down is whether people feel the white house is being sufficiently empathetic to people who are not getting paid —— the shutdown. i say that because i want to play you something that wilbur ross, the secretary of commerce,

said when he was in davos earlier. this is so much bigger than any one person. it is a little bit of pain but is going to be for the future of our country. there are reports that there are some federal workers going to homeless shelters to get food.” know they are and i don't really quite understand why. the 30 days of pay of some people will be out, there is no reason why they should not be able to get a loan against it. we had an unexpected bonus which was laura trump, the president‘s daughter—in—law, saying that she did not understand that people should not understand that people should not be happy to suffer a little bit of painfor not be happy to suffer a little bit of pain for the political good. is the white house being tone deaf on how much people are suffering because of this shutdown?m certainly doesn't help and donald trump has criticised wilbur ross before saying he hasn't lost a step,

saying he is not quite as sharp as he used to be but then again, the criticism of donald trump is that he himself has not been empathetic at times exactly when the role of the president should be understanding when americans are suffering, whether it was the attacks in cha rlottesville whether it was the attacks in charlottesville or other incidents. the white house is not putting its best message out right now because there are people who are suffering. 800,000 americans are doing without pay, their families, government contractors, the businesses that depend on them, this is having a knock—on effect and when you see things like that line from wilbur ross cup that is already becoming a flash of criticism. —— that line from wilbur ross. politicians and officials who talk about pain in the short term for long—term gain rarely tend to be the ones not experiencing the sharp stuff. there was a poll out from associated press about donald trump‘s ratings. significant,

do you think? if you look at the trend line and it is not the only poll showing this. time after time, it is showing that when the shutdown happened, in the months since, donald trump's negatives have gone up donald trump's negatives have gone up and his favourability has gone down and he does not tend to believe bad polls but the trend is unmistakable here. this is exacting a toll on the president and that could have a tangible fact when these republicans in congress look to see if they want to stick by the president or start looking out for their own political futures. if they see their own political futures. if they see the poll is dropping, they will believe the polls even if the president doesn't. anthony, thank you for coming in to join us. we should mention that there are some splits starting among democrats, they have been pretty unified behind nancy place but 30 democratic congressmen and women have asked to start talking about some kind of finance option that might lead to the government reopening. they are sticking with

herfor reopening. they are sticking with her for that reopening. they are sticking with herfor that moment but reopening. they are sticking with her for that moment but it is tough for democrats in districts with a lot of federal government workers, they want the government to be reopened and they are starting to hear from constituents saying, reopened and they are starting to hearfrom constituents saying, do whatever it takes. if it takes money for a wall or steal slats on the border, let‘s have that discussion but let‘s get the government open. border, let‘s have that discussion but let's get the government open.” was slightly distracted by the idea of pain in politics. can you remember who it was, i think it was a british politician, who said about a british politician, who said about a policy that if it wasn‘t hurting, it wasn‘t working! a policy that if it wasn‘t hurting, it wasn't working! we will look it up it wasn't working! we will look it up afterwards! you cannot throw historical quotes out meat without discussing them before me —— with me beforehand! tomorrow hundreds of thousands of us federal workers will miss their second paycheck but the economic impact of this shutdown stretches beyond just them. cou ntless stores, restau ra nts and bars which have long relied on a steady stream of government workers to keep them afloat are now are suffering too.

by some estimates, the shutdown has already cost the us economy close to $6 billion. one business which has been hit hard is parsnipity cafe in witchita, kansas. the bbc‘s rajini vaidyanathan went to visit and spoke with owner cynthia wilson about the pain of the past month and how the community is now helping out. our building is about 30% federal offices including fbi, secret service, department ofjustice, and these are all furloughed so if they are not working, they are not eating at our restaurant and if they are not eating here, our bottom line has gone down 30 and even on one day 50% from last year, at the same days last year. so, even though we are a million miles from washington, dc, where a lot of government workers are employed in an area, you are really feeling the impact? absolutely. people hear that 800,000 government worker number but that does not address the fact that for every one

of those workers who isn‘t shopping, isn‘t it dining out, isn‘t going to the movies, isn‘t buying a car, everyone who owns businesses that serve these people, we are feeling the hit as well. the staff has really been hit hardest by it because i have had to cut hours for them, drastically for some of them. so, how are you getting by in this difficult time? well, there‘s a little bit of good news to the story. the people of wichita are starting to rally around us and they are starting to come in and eat lunch here and say, we are here, one lady said we are here to save parsnipity cafe. they are coming in with their article from the paper saying, we heard you were having some problems, we are here to support you. and i think this is a way that people can feel like they are doing something to help the situation that is clearly too

big for us to solve. what is your message to the politicians in washington, dc? my message is, open the government, get people working, get people out there boosting the economy, get the money flowing again to all the mom and pop shops like ours and all the other businesses and when that is open, then have your discussions. take that pressure off of the country, off of us, and then have your discussions while everyone is not being hurt by it. at the root of this shutdown is a fight over immigration and how many people america should allow into the country. around the world, similar arguments are taking place over who should gain entry into a country and who should not. for months correspondents for time magazine have been working on a report about today‘s global society — one no longer defined, nor contained, by physical barriers. the result is in this week‘s

magazine and we are joined from new york now by executive editor ben goldberger. thank you forjoining us. the report makes the point that you can build walls and separate families and borders but the tide of migration is bigger than those policies and it is not going to stop. why not? that is exactly right, because the forces that are driving this global surge in migration are far larger than any one country or any one particular boundary. we are dealing with problems that are inherently transnational. it is war, terrorism, cyber attacks, it is even climate change which is already leading people in the south pacific to begin moving and it will be a growing source of migration in the years ahead. these are problems that cannot be solved by one nation in isolation and certainly not by a single barrier at one end of a single barrier at one end of a single nation. on both sides of the

atlantic, here in the us and in europe, germany, we have heard a lot of the bad news political stories surrounding migration. do you think that politicians in those countries who have supported migration, people like angela merkel, could do a betterjob in like angela merkel, could do a better job in making like angela merkel, could do a betterjob in making the case for migration? you could all use -- always argued that politicians could doa always argued that politicians could do a betterjob of messaging. but they are up against a real challenge in that migration is a net long—term benefit. in much of europe and certainly the us they are facing very serious long—term problems. the population is getting old and the birth rate is not keeping pace which means the economy is desperately in need of new arrivals. in the long run it is foolish to stand against it but we all know that voters act on immediate feeling on this a lot reaction, they tend not to take into account a country's long—term interest when they pull that letter. picking up on that point about

voters, there was a survey by the two research centre at the end of last year saying it was more than half of europeans who want fewer immigrants to move to their country as most people think immigration or concern over it had a lot to do with the result of the brexit referendum here in the uk. how do politicians, if you are saying migration is not something that can be stopped or controlled in a way that may be some voters would like, what is the best way of making the case? for politicians. it's a fantastic question. every nation is distinct. europe is a different challenge to here in the us which is a country founded by those fleeing religious persecution. but it really is about communicating first the reality, which is that migration is actually down since the peak of a couple of years ago. in the us at least, we are at the lowest number of those

who have been detained on our southern border since the 705 which is not something one would believe if you look at the rationale for thi5 if you look at the rationale for this current government shutdown we are in it really demands listening to1's are in it really demands listening to 1's own constituents and understanding how to communicate that they are not being replaced as it were. often what we see throughout in surveys here and in europe and all over the world, is that voters always overestimate the numberof immigrants and underestimate the skills, the drain on the social safety net and the extent to which they assimilate by the next generation. fascinating report, thank you forjoining us. the british foreign secratary has been in washington today meeting the us secretary of state mike pompeo. jeremy hunt will also meet vice—president mike pence and the newly elected leader of the house, nancy pelosi. mr hunt is using the visit to discuss global issues, as well as to talk about a possible trade deal once britain leaves the european union. italy has been ordered

to pay more than $18,000 to us citizen amanda knox. she spent years in prison for the murder of meredith kurcher — but was later acquitted after years of retrials and appeals. the european court of human rights agreed that ms knox‘s rights were violated when she was first arrested, and not given access to a lawyer or interpreter. chinese scientists have cloned monkeys using the same technique that produced dolly the sheep two decades ago. the two identical long—tailed macaques were born eight and six weeks ago, making them the first primates to be cloned from a non—embryonic cell. however, there are some concerns within the scientific community that this could open the door to cloning humans. a russian boardgame based on the novichok attack in salisbury has been labelled as "bad taste". the game — named our people in salisbury — sees players assume the role of would—be assassins racing from moscow to the wiltshire cathedral city. last year‘s nerve agent attack left former russian double—agent

sergei skripal and daughter yulia fighting for their lives. unbelievable. back to brexit, and with all the talk of customs unions, single markets and hard and soft brexit, how much of the common jargon used by politicians and the media are the public really familiar with? a recent poll here in the uk showed that terms like no—deal brexit have a pretty broad understanding but some of the more complicated issues, like the irish backstop, just aren‘t cutting through. katty has been speaking to our political correspondent chris mason, who‘s been roped in to try and explain some of the jargon. chris, i am so glad we have got you on the programme, i am so glad christian is not here because he would want to monopolise your attention and do all the jargon himself! because i like you, i‘m not going to ask you to explain in 20

seconds what the backstop is, i‘m going for another piece ofjargon and that is no deal. you are too kind, katty! no deal. well, i have an incredibly expensive, as you can tell from natty prop here. almost as bad as ours! no deal, one of the big terms that is talked about. exactly, no expense spared! no deal is the default option at the moment, it is what is written into uk law. if there is not an overarching deal between the uk and the european union — of course there was that big rejection of the existing deal by the british parliamentjust last week — then no deal is what happens and it would mean the uk leaves the european union on friday the 29th of march at 11 o'clock at night, because that is midnight brussels time, and the uk would then be trading on world trade organisation rules and would try and secure free trade agreements into the future. as i say, it is the legal thing that is due to happen if nothing else happens but i think the will of the british parliament will probably — probably is a good word journalistically because i might be wrong!

but will probably stand in the way of it happening. ok, so you have spent the day going round luton asking people whether they understand these various terms that are associated with brexit. you found quite a lot of people don‘t. whose fault is that? is that the politicians‘ fault? is that ourfault? is it their fault for not informing themselves? i suppose it is probably a bit of all of those things. i have to say, it's quite a humbling experience, as someone who has spent the last goodness knows how many years wittering on about all of these terms and doing my best, probably imperfect, but doing my best to try and define them as i go along, but lots of people are struggling with these terms. but the thing is, we are talking aren't we, about constitutional change. it is not the sexy element of politics. my kind of outlook on covering politics is that most people, set aside from nerds like me and, dare i say it, katty, probably you as well, most people are interested in politics as the outcome.

what will matter to me as a result of this political change? i think the fewer people are interested in politics as process and a huge amount of brexit has been process. it is a process, it's not an event. i kind of think it is understandable why people won't have necessarily followed every twist and turn up till now but i tell you what, and this is where the savviness of the man or woman on the street comes in, yes, they might struggle, perfectly reasonably, to understand what the world trade organisation is but they get right now that stuff matters about brexit and that very soon something big is going to happen. either the uk is going to leave the european union in a couple of months, which would be a huge moment, or it isn't, and that would be a huge moment because it would turn over all of the promises that the british government has made. one thing that people can spot is that the politicians don‘t know what they are doing! do you have a favourite exit expression? please

let it end? please can we get to the end and get on with other business in the country? that doesn't count! i use this will often come if you‘re not confused about brexit it means you haven‘t been paying attention properly! very good. i have heard you say that before. very good. the old ones are the best!” you say that before. very good. the old ones are the best! i am sure we will all miss the brexit drama but i totally sympathise with those people in the british public who feel this has been going on for a long time and it is time the country was able to focus on other issues as well. this is beyond 100 days. still to come, scientists may have unlocked the key to finding the cause of alzheimers. and the answer could be in your mouth. the family of a woman killed in a speedboat crash have accused the man responsible of "unbelievable arrogance". jack shepherd is expected to appear in court tomorrow in georgia, after turning himself in to the police yesterday.

he went into hiding before his conviction for the manslaughter of charlotte brown. helena lee reports. jack shepherd, charlotte brown‘s killer, handing himself into georgian police yesterday after ten months on the run. before he was arrested, he spoke to a tv station in georgia. my name is jack shepherd, i was involved in a tragic accident in 2015 in which a lady called charlotte brown tragically died. he was convicted of the manslaughter of charlotte, on the left. three days after this photograph was taken, she was killed in a speed boat crash. this is the upturned boat moments after it happened. charlotte was found unconscious in the water and died in hospital. her sister said she is shocked at howjack shepherd appeared on georgian television. it seems like he has actually convinced himself

he is innocent in this situation. he has been found guilty and convicted of manslaughter. how can someone continue now, still, to be in denial about their reckless actions? it‘s not clear whether shepherd will refuse to come back. a former head of extradition at the cps says he is more likely to want to come home. i have no doubt the conditions there are horrendous. if he fights the process and drags this out, he will have a miserable time. i suspect one of the reasons he has handed himself in is because he doesn‘t want to be a fugitive and wants to get it all over with. tonightjack shepherd is being held in this detention centre in georgia. his lawyers are deciding whether or not he will fight his extradition back to the uk. scientists may have found a definitive link between gum

disease and alzheimers. dementia has skyrocketed in recent years but treatments remain elusive. this latest study could have real world effects on those suffering from the disease. researchers in san franciso found that a bacteria, known to be caused by gum disease, has been found in the brains of people with alzheimers. they‘re now racing to develop a drug that could block the bacteria. let‘s speak to the lead author of this study, stephen dominy, of the drug company cortexyme. he‘s in san francisco. have i got the name of the company right? you have. it seems utterly extraordinary, what is the potential connection between gum disease and alzheimer‘s? connection between gum disease and alzheimer's? it turns out that the bacteria porphyromonas gingivalis

causes gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, and we found the same bacteria in the brain and we have solid evidence that it is causative of alzheimer's disease pathology. we have built on research from many others including some in the uk who published this study in 2013 actually showing of evidence in lure in alzheimer's brain so i want to give credit to all the other people have worked on this before us —— evidence of porphyromonas gingivalis in the alzheimer's brain. we all know it is a cruel diseased and most of us have experienced loved ones getting this but how much ofa loved ones getting this but how much of a breakthrough is this potentially? we have developed a new class of drugs that specifically target this specific bacteria so we can test this in clinical trials and we have just finished a phase one technical trial which showed the drug was very well tolerated. we are

beginning a larger clinical trial this year including over 500 patients that will give us efficacy so if it works, it would be a new treatment in treating alzheimer's disease. just to be clear, this is not just the findings of one disease. just to be clear, this is notjust the findings of one drug company, yourselves, which are trying to develop chemical treatment for this, they have been other studies as well which have shown the same connection between gum disease and alzheimer‘s? same connection between gum disease and alzheimer's? yes, in fact while our paperwas under and alzheimer's? yes, in fact while our paper was under review at the science advances group in the university of illinois in chicago, they infected mice orally with this bacteria and showed classic alzheimer's pathology. can i ask an obvious question, for all of us who floss at night, i‘m sure lots of

people do it, sometimes your gums bleed. does that mean we should be flossi ng bleed. does that mean we should be flossing or not? what does it mean in terms of peoples dental hygiene, or nothing? this is a good question. of course it is very important to have good oral hygiene and we believe this will decrease the bacterial load in the mouth but when it is already in the brain, we need to treat it in the brain. it will be good to have good oral health and flossing and brushing but we have to treat the brain disease also. thank you very much forjoining us from san francisco. i spotted this story on twitter and had clearly missed the other stories but i was gobsmacked, the idea that something about my gum could be affected or related to alzheimer‘s and there could be even a vaccine as well for this, i think it is exciting news for anyone. as you said, we have all

had family members who have had this kind of thing and it could be exciting. rob watson, thank you for joining us. christian has had to attend a family funeral. we send them our best wishes and say thank you to rob forjoining us. come back again, i hope it was fun. it was! hello, there is a very different feeling to the weather on the way for the next couple of days. still a lot of cloud but it will feel much milder behind this weather front thatis milder behind this weather front that is moving east across the uk overnight. it‘s a warm front with the leading edge and while they‘re coming around the psi pressure from the west of us in the atlantic rather than what has been a cold feeding from the north—west. this milderair is coming feeding from the north—west. this milder air is coming in for the next couple of days. the transition to a mild air overnight comes with a good deal of cloud, some outbreaks of rain pushing east, some hill snow in northern scotland. some fog patches developing in parts of eastern england and they will go into frost in eastern england and scotland but

these are temperatures at the end of these are temperatures at the end of the night and they will be rising as the night and they will be rising as the night and they will be rising as the night goes on across the uk. very different feeling in the morning. a lot of cloud, some outbreaks of rain clearing east anglia and south—east england but further patchy rain for western scotland, northern ireland, wales and west in england whereas the east in the afternoon will be mainly dry and there will be a few bright or sunny spells but expect a good deal of cloud. a brisk westerly breeze but look at the temperatures, still single figures in northern scotland but elsewhere, double—figure temperatures. a mild blip in the cold spell. the rain will get heavier in northern scotland on friday night and into saturday morning. with this weather front post by, still the chance of some hill snow in northern scotland. elsewhere, we are waiting for this area of rain to come in. it will slide its way into northern ireland to give a few hours of rain, still some uncertainty about the timing but it looks like it holds off the bulk of the uk until after dark,

gradually turning wetter in the west and it is still mild. but there is some cold air in northern scotland which is where you could see some snow, maybe not just which is where you could see some snow, maybe notjust on the hills. we have a cold front moving through going into sunday around this area of low pressure and notice the winds switching to more of a northerly direction so it will feel very different again by sunday. there will be some showers around, they could be wintry, particularly in northern parts of the uk but that might feed further south as we go deeper into the day. a brisk now north, north—westerly wind so wind—chill will be more of a factor. temperatures coming down compared to saturday but feeling cold are still in the wind. this is bbc news. i‘m reeta chakrabarti. the headlines at eight... former scottish first minster alex salmond appears in court charged with a number of counts including attempted rape — he denies all charges. i am innocent of any criminality whatsoever. police in england and wales say there‘s been a steep rise

in the number of violent crimes — including knife crime. the sister of premier league footballer emiliano sala begs rescuers not to give up hope as they call off the search for his plane missing in the english channel. translation: i am asking you please do not stop looking for them. it has been three days and i still have hope that they are alive. and fears an entire sea in the arctic is being swallowed up by the atlantic ocean because of climate change.