this is bbc news — i'm lewis vaughan jones. our top stories: this is bbc news. the headlines: incident, thousands have taken part in one of the biggest rallies mass demonstrations continue in sudan. protesters call for the military to help them overthrow the president. theresa may continues to call for a brexit deal, —— in sudan, thousands have taken saying the alternative part in one of the biggest rallies would be no brexit at all. against the country ‘s president since protest began in december. libyan government forces try to hold for the first time they converged the advance of rebel on the national army troops as they continue headquarters in khartoum. they called on the military to join their march on tripoli. them in theircampaign and out with the old, against al—bashir. british prime minister theresa may in with the new — north korean has insisted she had to reach television undergoes out to labour in order to deliver brexit or to risk letting it slip through theirfingers. mrs may said there was choice between leaving the eu with a deal or not leaving at all. something of a facelift. there are reports of new fighting on the outskirts of tripoli where rebel forces are advancing on the capital. they are reported to be within 25 hello and welcome to bbc news. kilometres of the centre of the city — government forces are trying to hold the advance of rebel troops

now on bbc news — click. this week: in your face pollution, retro electric cars, and spaceships roasting coffee. this is the sight lots of cities across the world wake up to every morning. this is the sight lots of cities across the world wake up to every morning. pollution well over the safe limits. we now know this is killing more people than smoking.

this week the ultra low emission zone launches in london. it hopes to keep the worst polluters off the streets. but whether a £12.50 surcharge will actually stop enough people using their vehicles is, some might say, questionable. it's a beautiful day in london today and right now pollution levels aren't too high. but come rush hour the story changes. this goes beyond the busy roads, too. london's deepest tube stations, a new study suggests, can be 30 times more polluted. at london marylebone, a new air filtering system is trying to tackle the problem. well, i wouldn't usually be standing this close to a fan blowing air in my face, but apparently this is giving me the cleanest air in the station. behind this advertising board

is a contraption containing a nano carbon filter capable of removing over 90% of harmful gases from the environment. the devices are deliberately positioned alongside the shops and waiting areas where most passengers spend their time. this map shows how the quality of the air is improved significantly where the filters are. the polluted air is being sucked in through the top of the unit and sent to a chamber in which there is a high—voltage electrical field where the ultrafine particles are being captured. the second stage is then a gas filter where we take out the nitrogen dioxide, we take out eventual ozone that is produced in the first chamber, and then the last in the right place. but it's notjust london.

last year, a0 cities across the uk either reached or exceeded the safe limit for air quality. and some have their own plans to better the air. in southampton, this bus is claiming to clean the air as it drives. the filter on the roof removes the ultrafine particles from the air that diesel engines on vehicles like these are spewing out. basically there are two large filter papers, filter slabs in the unit. there are three fans that suck air in. the bus doesn't go fast enough to get enough air in so we need three fans that are driven by electricity. they suck air in. the air passes through the filter on the roof of the bus and it comes out much cleaner when it comes out the other end. and the hope is it could do a lot

more than clean up its own act. if the city's 5,000 buses had these filters they could, in theory, clean the entire city's air twice over. up to height of ten metres, at least. i suspect that there are quite a lot cities that might be interested in looking at this sort of technology and if it's not a bus it could be a refuse vehicle, it could be a delivery lorry, it could be on all sorts of things. now, we don't need to just keep things running with low emissions. keeping things running at all can be a challenge. imagine the chaos if these traffic lights went down. now imagine if the whole system went down due to a cyber—attack. but it's notjust about transport networks. it's also large factories or power stations which have already fallen victim to these types of attacks. and dan simmons has been shown some research which suggests our infrastructure might be a lot more vulnerable than we previously thought. the ukrainian example was presumably done by a nationstate actor and there they were able to successfully, you know,

turn off the lights in a neighbourhood. and that, to my mind, shows just how severe the consequences are. eitan goldstein has been helping secure the energy and utility sectors for almost ten years. you may want to disrupt oil and gas markets, right. the saudi example was the more recent of the two. and that was one where, presumably, a nationstate actor was specifically targeting safety systems in oil and gas refineries. and so there the assumption, the implication was that they were actually trying to cause physical harm and that one was really scary because they were directly going after the safety systems. so where does it all begin for the countries or criminals behind such attacks? today, eitan‘s offered to show me a tool called shodan. shodan specifically tells me what devices are open facing

to the internet, all right. ans so what that tells me is there's part of my attack service, my cyber exposure out there that probably shouldn't be there and particularly its industrial control systems. it helps me then prioritise where i'm exposed and what i need to do to start to reduce risk. we're searching for these. individual bits of kit that control the big industrial systems. they‘ re called programmable logic controllers. or prcs, and if you're running a water plant, power station, or factory, for example, you don't want to just anyone fiddling with them. we know that there's now 6,000 of these plcs connected to the internet. and this is a real time... this is real time. and they should never be connected to the open internet like that. so there's over 5000 mistakes being made at the moment? there's many more than that. this is just the tip of the iceberg. these are just the ones that we can find now. yeah.

and, look, this is a list of the countries where they're located. yeah. and so the power of the tool is the ability to click down. so, look, there's nearly 1000 of these in germany. right. so let's pull that up here. and what this will start to do here is give us some more information on the specific devices, the companies, where exactly they are. and, as you can see here, just to give you a sense, you've got a wide range of, you know, leading german companies, smaller manufacturing firms. what we're finding here is that industrial control systems are vulnerable everywhere. it's a risk for everyone. it's part of your cyber exposure for everyone. now, many of the control systems and infrastructure are old and don't get a software update that often. which is one reason to keep them off—line. but increasingly we're connecting more devices to the workplace, so the opportunities for an attack go up. this week an independent report conducted by a specialist research agency suggests a far worse picture

than previously thought. nine out of ten of the 700 security professionals working in critical infrastructure that took part in the survey commissioned by tenable said their workplace had suffered damage as a result of at least one successful cyber—attack in the last two years. but does it mean systems also went down? if you look at healthcare, oil and gas, utilities, transportation. roughly half of them in the last two years have experienced some sort of attack or a breach around their industrial control systems that has led to a shutdown. now, i think it's fair to say that you have to take this report with a pinch of reality, because the experts that responded did so possibly because they had something to say. so you might expect the figures to be a little bit higher than, perhaps, what is truly the case. but even allowing for an adjustment for that, this report paints a very different picture to the everything's 0k scenario that the public might be persuaded to believe. under—reporting of cyber attacks against critical infrastructure is commonplace and it's notjust to protect reputations. it's in order to keep the confidence of us, the public, in the services provided to us, all around us, every day. the anonymity provided to the workers who responded to this, not the ceos or the bosses, might also have loosened some tongues. back at the board and we've narrowed our search to one particular programmable logic controller that's known

to have security problems. what i've been able to do is find this device with a known vulnerability found by tenable. surely nobody would leave these connected to the internet? you've even got a gps. you can find it on the map. so what i'm able to do now, and again remotely, is click into that device and i can remotely change the password. it's notjust this one company. shodan delivers up dozens of potential targets for us, including a major telecoms provider in the uk, germany, and in this scan, romania. shodan and tenable help companies find where their vulnerabilities are. but are organisations doing enough to protect us and could this happen again?

the absent electricity — some very core functioning goes down. you don't want to need medical care, should that happen, for example. and so the consequences can indeed be quite severe. as to the motivations of the attackers, i don't know, but certainly nothing good. right. it's a way to almost disable a modern functional society. what do you believe is the probability of an attack on that scale in the united kingdom? on that scale, quite low. i think it's important not to fear—monger like that, right. you know, the risk is real, the vulnerabilities are real, the cyber exposure is growing. there is that gap that you and i talked about earlier, but that doesn't mean the lights are going out in london next week. and i think we should be really sober about the risk. you don't need to exaggerate it in order to address it. and if they do go out, if this programme goes out after such an attack... and i was wrong? i trust you'll edit thoroughly.

laughter. hello and welcome to the week in tech. it was the week that google finally shut down its failed social network goolge+. tesla was fined for violating laws on hazardous waste storage at its california factory. and toyota announced it will offer free access to its hybrid technology patents until 2030 to encourage a transition to fully electric cars. the clearing of the backlog of marijuana possession convictions in california will be helped along by artificial intelligence. an algorithm designed by non—profit company code for america will determine if cases are eligible for dismissal or resentencing. it will help clear 5a,000 convictions. recreational use of marijuana was legalised in the state in 2016. nasa is warning a satellite down by india is at risk of endangering the international space station. calling the destruction a terrible, terrible thing, nasa's chief said of 400 pieces of orbital debris created, 2a posed a potential risk to the astronauts on the station.

a woman carrying two chinese passports, multiple phones, and a thumb drive with malware was arrested at president trump's mar—a—lago resort in florida. the woman told police she was at the club to use the swimming pool, before changing her story to say she was there for a united nations event. 32—year—old woman was removed and charged with making false statements to a federal officer and illegally entering a restricted area. and, finally, do you fancy working alongside this? boston dynamics have shown how its gigantic handle robot could be put to use in a factory. here it is accurately moving boxes between pallets. these weigh about five kilos each but the robot can lift up to 15 kilos. terrifying and useful at the same time. obviously an easy way of helping reduce pollution in the city is to encourage people to cycle more. dockless bike schemes that became popular in asia have started popping up in cities across the uk over

the past couple of years. unlike the so—called boris bikes, they don't require any infrastructure. cycles can be left anywhere, anytime, and be picked up by another user. while this might be ok in some countries, here people didn't find it quite so acceptable. so now a new crop of dockless schemes are hoping to keep everyone happy. i'm not much of a cyclist myself, so i needed a spot of help. kitty knowles has taken one of the brand—new beryl bikes for a spin before they hit the streets in the seaside town of bournemouth and here in east london. well, kitty, you've been getting exercise today. what's different about this one? well this one has a tracker in it, which means it's always connected and it should be easier for you to find.

the cycles are designed by the same company that put the green lights on transport for london bikes. and now it is using the same technology to reimagine how dockless bikes could work in uk cities. it's always—on tracker gets its juice from your pedal power and a solar panel neatly placed in its basket. the marked areas pretty much provide the virtual version of the docks and cyclists are encouraged to leave their bikes in them. users will be incentivised to park the bike in the beryl bay, but you can also have the freedom to park it wherever you wish, but you'll be paying a small premium to do that. and other users will also be incentivised to collect that bike that is left outside of a bay and park it into a beryl bay. and on the plus side, if a bay turns out to be the wrong size or in the wrong place, you could always just paint another line somewhere else, no need to rip out expensive infrastructure. but if working up a sweat

is not your thing, no need to give up on your cycling dreams. california—based electric bike sharing company lime hit the streets of london back in november. instead of designated bays, it encourages users to cycle and park responsibly. well, it may not work every time, but the company says tipped over bikes send out distress signals to the maintenance team. hopefully, they'll come to the rescue. but electric comfort comes at a cost. a 20—minute journey will set you back £4 whilst the same one costs just £1 on beryl‘s top—up scheme. whilst biking undoubtedly helps keep a city moving, it's hard to believe that on its own it'll be enough to keep us breathing. we are starting to see some interesting things i think in the way that the road is shared. some examples in cities in america where rather than bike lanes,

we are starting to have slow speed lanes. so rather than a bike lane where people think only bikes can use, it is a shared space that maybe e—scooters or other slower vehicles can share. certainly, more and morejourneys will start using electric power, including our cars. but not everyone wants to get rid of their old gas guzzlers. so, mark cieslak has been finding out how they could still be saved from the scrapheap. when we think of electric cars, images of sleek, modern, almost silent automobiles spring to mind. their interiors spartan and stripped of buttons and switchgear, replaced with touchscreen and acres of space. discovering that this 1953 morris minor is, in fact, a fully electric car might come as a bit of a surprise then. it's been converted from petrol to electric by the london electric car company based here in vauxhall.

this fine example of a vintage british automobile has had its fossilfuel—drinking guts ripped out and replaced with an electric motor and batteries, a task which is not as simple as i am making it sound. matthew quitter set up his company converting classic cars to electric back in 2017. parked in his garage now is a range of customers‘ different old—school cars all being converted from land rover to lancias. as a result, matthew has to figure out the best conversion solution for each individual car. in a lot of cases, cars we're converting, they have never been converted before. so, with the electric morris minors, there's a handful of electric morris minors in the entire world. the lancia beta behind me, no—one has ever converted one of those to electric. with each one, the first one is very much a custom, bespoke conversaion. we are figuring out where batteries go, we're figuring out how we're

going to meet the motor to the gearbox, where does the charger go, how much range can the car physically take? so, this morris minorfor example, we have kept the gearbox, in fact the entire conversion has been done in such a way that it could be converted back to petrol very easily if the owner so wished. you are getting 100 horsepower and a few hundred... comedian jake yapp‘s morris traveller is currently in the workshop undergoing conversion. the car itself is 55 years old, but the electric parts have been salvaged from a modern nissan leaf. i bought this car specifically to be electrified. i'd always wanted morris minor, but had kind of grappled with the idea that it is very polluting, if i'm going to buy another car, it should probably be an electric car, i get very excited very about getting a snazzy display entertainment system satnav unit from the nissan leaf, i want that in there because

just because it is an old car doesn't mean i don't enjoy toys. i am really looking forward to going to service stations on motorways, and going and driving in the bay for electric cars to charge, and watching people look at it all huffily, going... "that's an electric charger, oh wait! it is an electric car!" butjust how practical is a car like this on london's congested roads? matthew took me for a spin so i could experience it myself. this car does about a 40—mile range, and that is on the low side as far as electric cars are concerned. but we've done that to keep costs down and it is very much designed to be a city car. it is a 1950 series 2 morris minor. its top speed back in the day was about 55mph. frankly, anything over about 45mph is petrifying. we are not wearing seatbelts because we don't have to do,

because a car built in that era would not have had seatbelts in it so we are not obligated to install them. so anything over 30mph is taking life into your own hands. it's very quick off the mark, it has 100lbf of torque which is about three times what it would have originally had... which is something people expect with electrics, isn't it, there is that performance there. absolutely. and we find that a0 miles is about a week's worth of driving in london. how long did it take to convert this car? it took us about six months. normally, we'd estimate between three to six months for a conversion based on whether or not we have done it before, how complex the conversion was going to be. how much are we talking about to do this? at the moment, we generally suggest a base figure of around £20,000, which is a lot more than we'd like it to be. ideally, we'd like to get to the point where you are looking at £5,000 to convert a car. classic cars have several economic factors in their favour. they're road tax exempt and classic car insurance is often very cheap. electric motoring may be the future,

but there isn't any reason why these cars can't have a flavour of the past. mark there. and if you thought that was a bit out there, well, nick kwek has been to dubai to meet someone with even more outlandish ideas. a land famous for extravagant displays of wealth. towering skyscrapers, gigantic indoor fish tanks, and next — coffee? here at raw coffee and downtown dubai, hipsters hang out sipping brews made from beans roasted on site. patrons are charged a bit more for your regularjoe, sure, but the stuff hits the spot. today, i'm meeting an unconnected entrepreneur set on taking the traditional roasting process to new heights, literally. what about — we could send

coffee beans to space, and when they come back through the heat of the re—entry, we can harvest that heat and roast these coffee beans. err...so, hatem here thinks he will load up a capsule with beans, strap it to a rocket, blast it into space, and as it plummets back down to earth, beans inside a specially devised thermal chamber will roast them up, obviously. he and his partner anders first had the idea while studying at the international space university in strasbourg. why are we always trying to stop this heat and prevent it when we could use it and harvest it to do something with it? tell me more about this thermal chamber, how would that work exactly? is it hypothetical or is this real science? let's say it is real science in theory. until we test it really through this coming year of 2019, to be able to confirm that the designs and proposals and simulation we are doing

is really matching the real data we are going to get from this test. is there really a need to roast coffee beans in space? i really hate the saying that we should not reinvent the wheel. i think that someone lazy has said this. what is the current proposed cost per cup? laughs why are you laughing? because for the last two weeks, we have had a lot of speculation from other scientists, and even articles in the media. our goal would be to bring it to something around $a0—45 per cup. there is no way i am buying it for £35. i know, i know, for sure. even if this project did not work, for us, the journey of inspiring and motivating people is the most important thing. it is not the end product, it is what's really going to come out as something on a side with this journey of making this product. at a0 quid a pop, for many, it is a price too bitter to swallow. but in this city

of seriously expensive tastes, it could just be their cup of...coffee. that's it for this week. if you want to keep track of what the team are getting up to, you can find us on facebook, instagram and twitter at @bbcclick. thanks for watching. hello. it is turning out to be a weekend of mixed fortunes in terms of the weather. some of us are keeping the cloud through the day on sunday. there will also be a few showers around, particularly in the east. but still, some spells of sunshine, especially further west. now, quite a murky start to sunday morning. it will be frost—free with temperatures first thing around about 4—8 degrees. we keep that cloud across parts of scotland with some outbreaks of drizzly rain.

eastern england too fairly cloudy with some heavy showers moving in as we head on into the afternoon. best of any spells of sunshine will be across parts of northern ireland, wales down towards the south—west of england too. in the south, it's reasonably mild with temperatures around about 13—17 celsius. further north, across the northern half of the uk in fact, we're looking at around about 9—12 degrees. now, it's going to be mild in london, 16 celsius or so, but for the boat races in the afternoon, there is a chance that we could catch some of those heavy, potentially thundery showers so something we're keeping quite a close eye on, those showers through sunday afternoon. into the evening hours, the showers drift their way a little bit further west. it is still a fairly cloudy picture across the country and, again, we are looking at largely frost—free conditions to start your monday morning. so, monday will be something of a mixed picture in terms of the weather. we've still got some rain, particularly in the south, across parts of southern england, south wales too. this is a weak weather front,

which is going to be quite slow moving across the region. but further north, actually a different picture here. we've got much more sunshine for much of northern england, northern ireland and scotland too. temperatures here about 10—14 degrees or so. further south, we're likely to see some slightly milder weather. moving through now, monday night and on into tuesday, we've still got this weather front, which is going to be lingering across the uk. some uncertainty about exactly how far north that's going to be. low pressure sitting out towards the south—west. with an easterly breeze, we could well see a bit of cloud lingering around the east coast for a time. still some rain on tuesday on that weakening weather front. it's most likely across southern england into wales, but it could be a little bit further north. at the moment, it looks like much of scotland, northern ireland and northern england should see some sunshine, 8—11 celsius. 1a or 15 degrees in that milder air, but you've got the cloud and the rain further south. so, looking ahead towards the middle part of the week. we've got that mild airfor a time, particularly in the south, but you'll notice the blue colours starting to edge their way a bit further south, so things are set to turn a little bit colder

as we look through the middle part of the coming week. lots of dry weather on the cards, but you will also notice a fair amount of cloud through wednesday and on into thursday too. bye— bye.