1? in edinburgh and manchester, 17 in cardiff and london. hello this is bbc news. the headlines: concerns over climate change might restrict the growth of flying in the uk, according to a senior civil servant. the un says houthi rebels in yemen appear to be honouring a pledge to withdraw troops from key ports opening a lifeline for

millions of people facing famine. jeremy corbyn announces that labour would pay 16 and 17 year olds the same minimum wage as everyone else if they win the next election. equal pay for equal work is hardly a controversial idea. so why are we discriminating against young people? fly—tipping in england is up by nearly 40% in the past five years. the local government association says nobody has yet been given the maximum sentence. now on bbc news, click investigates police deployment of facial recognition. this week, click dives into facial recognition and surveillance. casinos are betting on it. the police are driving forward with it. but this man doesn't like it. i got a £90 fine, here you go, look at that. £90 — thanks lads, £90, well done.

this face opens doors, you know. well, actually it doesn't, but it does unlock my phone. and if you do the same thing with your phone you will know that facial recognition is already pretty good. it is certainly not perfect, but it's not hard to imagine a world where your face is the key to everything. facial recognition technology is primarily being driven towards security and surveillance. even pop star taylor swift secretly deployed the technology to root out stalkers at a recent concert. in china, authorities use it to name and shame citizens. even for minor offences

like jaywalking, faces are broadcast on billboards. in beijing, the technology is even used to stop people from stealing rolls of paper from public toilets. and it has recently been revealed that the chinese authorities are using the biometric technology to keep track of the movements of individuals from the persecuted uighur muslim minority. it is a worrying example of how facial recognition can be abused to profile and track a minority group. voiceover: to detect, track and analyse people and objects in video... the big tech players are also divided. amazon has drawn criticism for selling its recognition software to law enforcement agencies in the us, with al researchers from companies including microsoft, google and facebook signing an open letter calling for it to stop, saying amazon's algorithms have higher error rates for darker skinned and female faces. microsoft has recently rejected

a california law enforcement agency's request to install facial recognition in officers‘ cars and body cameras, due to human rights concerns. there is work that we have turned down, there are we have turned down in some parts of the world where governments have wanted to license our technology, and we just were not comfortable that it would be deployed in a way that would protect people's human rights. and google has vowed not to supply facial recognition until it can come up with an appropriate policy. however in the uk, police are pushing ahead with live facial recognition, deploying specially equipped vans to events such as london's annual notting hill carnival and major football games. i am completely comfortable that the activity we are doing in the trials is lawful and appropriate. but this has become a highly controversial issue, with civil liberties groups claiming that the technology is inaccurate, intrusive and infringes

on an individual‘s right to privacy. for the last year, jeff white has been following the uk police‘s deployment of facial recognition. the frontline in facial recognition. police cameras in an east london street — everyone gets scanned. if you refuse, here is what can happen. if i want to cover my face i'll cover my face, don't push me over... this man didn't want to be caught by the police cameras, so he covered his face. police stopped him, they photographed him anyway, an argument followed. how would you like it if you walked down the street and someone grabbed you? officer: calm yourself down, or you're going in handcuffs. woman: what's your suspicion? the fact he has walked past a clearly marked facial recognition thing, and covered his face... i would do the same, i would do the same. ..gives us grounds to stop him. no it doesn't! the police said this was disorderly behaviour, so they gave him a fine.

the chap told me down the road, he said they got facial recognition. so i walked past like that, it is a cold day as well, soon as i have done that, the police officer has asked me to come to him. i have got my back up, i said to him, (bleep) off, basically. i said i don't want my face shown on anything. if i want to cover my face, i will cover my face. no—one is going to tell me not to cover my face. i have a £90 fine, look at that. £90, thanks lads, £90, well done. he was caught up in the last of ten trials carried out by the metropolitan police. the met have had successes — there were three arrests from facial recognition on this test day alone. but the trials have proved controversial. opponents say they are taking place in a legal vacuum. there is nothing in uk law that has the words "facial recognition." there is no legal basis for police to be using facial recognition. there are no legal limitations on how they can use it, no policy, no regulation.

this is a free for all. we don't know who's on the watch lists, we didn't know how long the images were going to be stored for, and the police are kind of making up rules as they go along. my ultimate fear is that we would have live facial recognition capabilities on our gargantuan cctv network, which is about 6 million cameras in the uk. if that happens, the nature of life in this country would change. it would mean that everywhere we go we could be identified, tracked, that we would be leaving a location data trail, that your face could be searched and a detailed record of your movements gained. police argue that in a time when every smartphone camera has facial recognition, why should they be left behind? i believe, as does the commissioner and the management board of the met, believe not trialling such technology would be neglectful. we ought to explore all technology to see how it can keep people safer, how it can make policing more effective.

however we are completely aware of some of the concerns that are raised, and what we're doing with these trials is actually trying to understand those better, so we can actually protect human rights but also keep people safe at the same time. we're reviewing all capabilities in terms of live facial recognition, and absolutely the technology is there for body—worn or smaller devices to be fitted with facial recognition technology, as is cctv. so absolutely we will look at that, but again the right safeguards and the right reviews and learning have to be put around that. it is notjust cameras on vans. last summer, outside one of london's biggest shopping malls, police cctv scanned thousands of shoppers — aimed, they say, at spotting known criminals. this is all about making our streets in our communities safer. people who are unlawfully at large may well be reoffending, and it's really clear that we need a tactic, another tactic, which is why we are deploying this technology now, to apprehend these individuals and bring them to justice.

that is what the people want and that is what we are responding to. i want to be absolutely clear. the technology is very accurate and reliable. the human intervention side is the safeguard we have got in place. despite the warning signs, many passers—by do not know what was happening. when they found out, the reaction was mixed. some thought it was an improvement on current policing methods. it is better than stop—and—search. that's a good point. it is better than stop—and—search. at least that would be discriminative. it is a bit creepy, i have to say. i wouldn't like to feel like i am being watched all day long. it is notjust in london that the tech is being tested. south wales police have carried out more than a dozen trials, including at the champions league final, using similar equipment to the met. after you, hop inside. it is quite cosy, isn't it. let's have a look. so we have two cameras on the roof of the vehicle, one at the front and one

at the back. both 360 ability, so we can control them from in the vehicle. focus all around the vehicle. when tested on a member of police staff, the system quickly spotted herface and matched it almost instantly to a file photo, even though the two were quite different. here, heading to our headquarters, it has picked up, it has come up withjulia gardiner, it shows her name and almost instantly generates an alert. once checked that alert can be relayed to an officer in the street, who can approach the suspect and verify the match. the system is incredibly sensitive. the starting point is the eyes, the eyes are really important in terms of facial recognition technology. often those eyes are visible with face coverings, to include motorcycle helmets, so the technology does work with motorcycle helmets as well. using facial recognition is not new for the police. what has changed is that systems like this one work in real—time and across massive numbers. the system acts as a big filter, it enables the officers to find that

needle in a haystack. if you have got hundreds of thousands of people walking past the camera, it would be incredibly difficult with the human eye to spot one of the 700 you are looking for. so it gives the officers an indication, so it could be that individual. the system works by matching the camera footage to a database of file photos, and that is part of the controversy. so—called intelligence data bases include people who have never been convicted, as does the police national database, which includes more than 10 million photos. that database then could include people who were found not guilty, perfectly innocent people. at the moment, but they can have their image removed. but only if they apply to? only if they apply to, but measures are afoot to automate the process. south wales police and the met have finished their trials now, but in the meantime both forces are facing legal action from privacy campaigners over their use of facial recognition surveillance.

one of my concerns, i don't know how you feel about this... london assembly member baroness jennyjones has strongly backed the legal challenge and has had personal experience of the issue. the police national database has all sorts of people like me, and you do not have to have committed a crime, not even be arrested to be on that database. that suggests to me that it is an extremely flawed way of trying to keep track of people, and once you are in it and once that information is on there, you have to request that it should come off, which is what i did finally. but you have to know that it's on there. if you don't know it's on there you can't get it removed, because you can't make the request. and that means that there would be all sorts of false positives on the system. so for me this is a very foolish move. and what is even worse is that it is so inaccurate that on previous trials it has been 2% accurate, that means 98% inaccurate. so the policejudgement at times is very poor, and i can sort of see why they think this might be a good thing to do,

but actually it is disastrous, and the sooner they listen to people who are saying "you've got to, if not stop completely, at least row back a bit, have a pause, and actually make sure you are using it in the right way." that was baroness jones finishing jeff's report, and jeff, facial recognition is really controversial yet the police are still going ahead with it. yes, i mean theirargument is that this isn't anything new. police officers have always had the usual suspects in the back of their mind, they're looking out for them on the street. what is different here is the speed and scale. so this is no longer about a police officer looking out for a few people in a hundred, this is cameras scanning hundreds and thousands of faces and comparing them instantly to databases of thousands of people. and that is what has campaigners worried. you mentioned the usual suspects, which implies police are only using previous suspects' images. but where do they get their facial data from?

this is the other controversial bit — a lot of police forces are using the police national data base. this is a stash of millions of images police have accumulated over the years. there are controversies over how they have accumulated it, whether that database should still exist, and controversies about who is on it, some of these are people who have been arrested but cleared of any offence. another problem we hear about with artificial intelligence is the problem of bias in the training data, where a lot of ai is trained on white men, and so it's not as good at recognising the more diverse range of people that exist in the world. are the police aware of any biases in the training data and what are they doing about it? as part of this investigation we have found that police have on several occasions had golden opportunities to check how well the software and systems deal with black and minority ethnic faces, and on each occasion they have failed to investigate that. the problem there is that there are already problems with power police deal with these communities in terms of stop—and—search, if that rolls into facial recognition there is another point of controversy brewing for police in the future with this technology. ok thanksjeff, stay there, more from jeff in a few minutes.

hello and welcome to the week in tech. it was the week that hackers stole $41 million worth of bitcoin from major crypto exchange binance. uber drivers went on strike over working conditions, on the eve of the company's stock market floatation. and google revealed its pixel 3a smartphone. the tech giant hopes the new low—cost device will increase the popularity of their pixel brand. ford are employing robots to deliver parts in a bid to free up its human employees to do more complex tasks. survival uses light detection and lidar sensors to navigate the plant layout and modify its route if encountering obstacles. jimi hendrix, pete townsend and kurt cobain were all famous for smashing guitars —

this would have spoiled their fun. an almost indestructible sd printed lightweight guitar has been developed by swedish engineering company sandvik. and finally, the annual met gala in new york provided quite an array of outfits, including this, a dress with 37 3d printed petals. created by designer, zac posen, and worn by model, jourdan dunn, it took over a thousand hours to create so it is not beating the race against the sewing machine any time soon. now, it is notjust the police who are deploying facial recognition technology. increasingly, private companies are starting to offer and buy services too, but the data that's being collected and the places where the technology is being deployed is starting

to raise eyebrows. back to geoff white. at this giant manchester mall in 2018 an estimated 15 million people were scanned over six months. a facial recognition trial that led tojust one positive identification. the trafford centre scheme was halted, after the uk's cctv commissioner raised multiple legal concerns. other businesses though are pushing ahead. facewatch‘s customers include the british supermarket chain, southern co—op. their aspiration is to build up one of the uk's largest databases of facial images of alleged criminals. the company started in a london bar. gordon's claims to be london's oldest wine bar — it's more than 100 years old — but inside here is some cutting—edge facial recognition technology and the company that supplying it has some big ideas for where this

stuff is going to go next. this is the main camera to the bar so everybody who comes into the bar comes through this entrance and that's where you're hoping to catch them? yeah, yeah. here we go. he comes in, he looks around the bar, sees where he wants to go. right. he clicks the monitor. it says it's seen his face — it triggers an alert. right. and that's the guy. the other thing about this is you are a private company and this is a private business. the businesses you are working with, they're all private businesses. correct. isn't the proper way to do this through the police — shouldn't the police be getting these indications and why doesn't that work? yeah and we've got the opportunity to work with the police. we are in the process of working towards signing an information—sharing agreement. hopefully the police will significantly contribute towards giving us their watch—list of low—level criminals. here's how it works: businesses who use facewatch‘s system upload images of people they suspect of wrongdoing. facewatch then stores those images and shares them among its customers. the company's facial recognition software then automatically spots those people when they walk in, but that includes

potentially innocent people. but they have not been convicted, have they, these people? not necessarily but the business has to have evidence — part of the information—sharing agreement that we have with businesses, they have to have evidence for capturing and uploading that information on to our system. the database of people you've got, you are not making that public. i can't scroll through you database of images and see if i am on there, for example, can i? no. it's a private database? it is a private database, but essentially you or any member of the public can do a subject access request to facewatch and we will tell you whether you are on the system or not. but if i don't know i'm on the database, how can i appeal against the fact that i'm the data base? do you see what i mean? i think you are only likely to appeal if you had cause for concern. so far, in all our trials, where we openly display "facial recognition deployed on this site" and there is probably evidence of cameras in this case, cause in the interest of most owners

it's quite unique — we have not had one subject access request to date. facewatch says its images are deleted automatically after two years. it also says it is talking to the police with a view to sharing databases of suspects. and it is notjust pubs and shops. facial recognition is being used to protect some very high—sta kes businesses. you would expect a busy london casino to have a lot of cctv, but the one on top of this elevator is a bit different. it has facial recognition software installed. it's going to scan my face and match it against the database to see whether i am someone who should get a warm welcome or somebody who should be chucked out. the casino scans everyone who comes in, to see if they're on its watch—list. we have a database of about 3000 customers, and these are customers that are generated from images both internally, from customers that we have identified as having a problem with gambling or a gambling—related issue,

and also customers that have declared that they may have a problem in relation to gambling. we've also taken a number of those images from an external database, which is called sense, and this is a database for people who wish to voluntarily enrol and exclude themselves from all casinos across the uk. the future for facial recognition tech isn'tjust cameras in ceilings, cameras on vans — it is mobile and specifically thinks like this. this is a body worn video camera. it sits on a police uniform about here, and that is the ideal height for facial recognition technology to work. it's certainly a game—changer in terms of the scale of facial recognition surveillance on our streets. one british firm pushing ahead with this kind of mobile facial recognition is digital barriers. all they need is a few photos of you from the internet to make their technology work. so richard here from digital barriers has got the same software running on that phone as the body—worn video cameras. the phone has never seen me before

but we have given richard some pictures of me from the internet and we're going to see how the phone can recognise me from those pictures. it can also track when and where a match is made, meaning that, with several cameras, people can be tracked as they move around. this can turn your data trail into a map of streets that the system thinks you've walked down. for the company behind them, these devices are a step change. the second—generation of body—worn devices that we will start seeing now will be live, they will have the ability to stream video live form the device in real time back to control rooms, to other offices, and also to run live facial recognition as well. so we'r about to see a new generation of digital policing enabled by these kinds of devices. with the advent of artificial intelligence, such systems will be able to compare their footage against databases of tens of thousands of images, instantly. that gets you into dangerous civil liberties territory, doesn't it? the more people on the watch—list the more people you are comparing it

with, means the more people potentially are affected by this. if you take the example of a city like london, which has — as most major cities do now — a counterterrorism challenge, clearly the prioritisation to somebody who might be on that kind of watchlist is very different to somebody that might be on an outstanding local warrant. and the civil liberties, again, they need to be handled in a different way — there's a different level of proportionality. my own personal nervousness is where it extends into the more commercial and the less completely unregulated use of the technology. the idea that a commercial organisation can start to build a database and can put that out into the world and start to look for people with no real controls in terms of how the watchlist is being built i think is very serious and does carry implications, particularly as the technology becomes cheaper and more available for people to buy. so geoff, earlier we said that microsoft had refused to put facial recognition into body cams and yet here you are saying there are other companies doing it anyway so is this just inevitable, is this the future of surveillance and facial recognition? i mean, body cameras have a huge

advantage which is they're exactly the right height and position forfacial recognition. we have a lot of cctv cameras in the uk. they are up high, they cover wide angle, they're not ideal forfacial recognition. body cameras are. they're also mobile and this technology — by the way — does not have to be in a body camera, it can also be in a mobile phone. software can be put into lots of different technologies so, yes, this is the direction of travel. it is going mobile. we're talking here about private companies using public data, please, tell me that someone somewhere is regulating this. the tragic news is, not at the moment. there is, as you heard, no uk law for facial recognition. it does not even pop up in any legislation. and also facial recognition falls into a lot a people's different remit. so there's a bit about surveillance, there's a bit about biometrics, finger prints et cetera, and there's obviously a large part about personal data and that's the information commissioner's office.

all these people are looking into it and there probably will be legislation or at least guidelines and regulations being put out more in the future, but the danger is, of course, by the time they come out, the technology would have sped up and moved far ahead. it would be too late. the interesting thing about facial recognition is a lot of people think it is just about the camera, it's just about recognising the face. what they miss is, behind it, is the massive personal data thing. the whole point of getting these pictures is so i can find out information about you ? your criminal record, your driving record, your shopping habits. all this information so it is actually the data behind it that is the real issue. well, geoff, thank you very much for your time, thank you for those brilliant reports, and if you have any views on the subject, which i'm sure you will, why not get in touch with us on facebook or on twitter. that is it for this week. thank you very much for watching and we will see you soon.

it's been a day of sunshine and showers. the skies in the western isles of scotland looked at this point today. you are not going to get showers out of those clouds and much of the day has been dry with sunshine. across eastern areas of england and northern england, we have seen an accumulation of flowers over skipton and those clouds no doubt brought heavy showers here. the showers have been widespread across the eastern side of england in particular. as we go through this evening, there will still be some hefty downpours around, still with the odd clap of thunder as well but ultimately the showers give up the goose. as we go through the night it becomes dry for pretty much all of us becomes dry for pretty much all of us with clear skies and light winds. it will be a cold night for the time of year. temperatures into single

figures, maybe zero in newcastle and patches of frost in the countryside. a chilly start to the day on sunday. big change in the weather thanks to this area of high pressure building over the top of the british isles. once it is with us, it is going nowhere fast so a lot of dry weather to come. after the chilly start tomorrow, most areas will have sunshine. a few blustery showers working in the northern isles for a time and more cloud working into the western isles, making the sunshine hazy here. otherwise a glorious day with lots of spring sunshine. temperatures up to 16 in edinburgh, 16 in manchester and i7 temperatures up to 16 in edinburgh, 16 in manchester and 17 in both london and cardiff as well. into next week the area of high pressure is going nowhere fast and that means more dry weather to come and feeling warm in the sunshine. monday, there will be plenty of sunshine to go around but high cloud moving in across scotland, making the sunshine hazy here. temperatures continue to

rise. 17 in belfast and 18 in edinburgh and cardiff and i7 rise. 17 in belfast and 18 in edinburgh and cardiff and 17 in london. we keep the dry weather going in the week. temperatures above average generally across southern and eastern parts of the uk. it is across the north and the west we have the highest temperatures. in aviemore, 23, 20 4 degrees on tuesday and wednesday. becoming pretty warm for some.

this is bbc news. i'm martine croxall. the headlines at 4: flying in the uk may have to be restricted because of climate change, admits the government. campaigners say a rethink is essential. we know we have to reduce our emissions urgently and radically and expanding them is going in the opposite direction. itjust doesn't make sense. aid workers say a pledge by houthi rebels in yemen to withdraw troops from key ports is a "big game changer" as it may open a lifeline for millions of people facing famine. the signs on the ground are people are saying it is tentatively looking good, but let's see in the coming days if that is fulfilled

and lives are saved.