this is bbc news. the headlines... 50 years since the launch of the apollo mission to the moon a milestone in space exploration. i was always asked wasn't i the loneliest person in the whole lower history of the whole lower solar system when i was by myself in that lower orbit? germany's ursula von der leyen has been narrowly elected as the first female president of the eu commission following a secret ballot among meps. trump and america's racism row the president escalates his twitter attack on these four politicians

and they hit back. the off duty officers who tried to take on the london bridge attackers an inquest rules that the killers were lawfully shot dead. we continue the story of safa and marwa born conjoined, and now learning to live apart. it's an emotional moment we have been working a long time to get them here and they had been through many operations and now, it has worked. good evening. it was one of the most extraordinary achievements of all time the mission that allowed man to walk on the moon. an historic moment that captivated

people across the globe. 50 years ago today the apollo 11 rocket blasted off from the kennedy space centre in florida. all thoughts were with the three astronauts in the tiny capsule. but there is another side of the story the impact it had on the millions who stayed up, watching tv as the mission unfolded. the uk's space agency has been piecing together their stories and the lasting effect that the event had on their lives. here's david sillito. columbia... here goes the mission with the television camera on it. this is the story of what landing on the moon meant to us. it's one small step for man... one giant leap for mankind.

home movies, scrapbooks, photos, a national memory bank of this, where were you moment? and of the hundreds of contributors we have been speaking to three of them. i'm with my parents and all of the schoolchildren of myjunior school. it'sjust myself in the left chair, my dad on the right looking at the television. you're thinking, i've never been up this late! it's four o'clock at the morning. the children got very bored and they were getting up and running round and then dodging, trying to see, and i'm getting so frustrated with this, i burst into tears. the mission has gone perfectly so a mid—course correction to tomorrow morning... and the bbc‘s man in the studio was james burke. filling time without pictures for more than four hours. the atmosphere is quite tense because it was something you got one go at.

if you got it wrong you got it completely wrong. we can just make out the backpack and the visor in front of it. i had horrid dreams the night before that he would be walking down the steps and he would open his mouth and say something and i would say something on top of it. but perhaps the most important thing was just the sheer spectacle of it, the world was watching this demonstration of science and engineering, and for a generation of young viewers it was inspirational. i knew at that point that that was what i wanted to do, i wanted to be involved in that side of life, those programmes. you can talk to an awful lot of people from my generation and later who were inspired. these are the apollo stories from britain's living rooms, an archive of memories, inspiration, and feelings. i just thought it was the start of bases on the moon leading to bases on mars but it turned out to be a bit different to that. and jackie... it inspired me but i was in this situation that the best i could aspire to was to be

a clerk typist. 50 years on she is now a professional space artist. i always knew i would be an outsider of science but i was determined, despite that, that i'd get in there somehow and i did. however, a lot of the tv coverage has been lost, much of the bbc commentary has not survived. thankfully, one eager 12—year—old was recording it at home. and young philip longden even added his own moon commentary. eagle taking off for the moon... david sillito, bbc news. joining me now from ontario is canadian space agency astronaut and physician, dr dafydd williams.

but let's have a look at the pictures first from the kennedy space we lost the sound, but essentially it was an amazing moment so let's find out what that's like and what that moment meant to ask two nonphysicians speaking to us from canada, doctor david williams, he was actually a specialist on two space shuttle niche definitions, thank you forjoining us on bbc news. coming back to apollo 11, how did that inspire you? it was an incredible nation and during the 60s, incredible nation and during the 605, i incredible nation and during the 60s, i was in my formative years, i had a dream of becoming an astronaut and for me apollo 11 really galvanised a bad dream and hopefully in the future, i would have a chance

to do it. luckily enough i was able to do it. luckily enough i was able to apply in 1992 and go and fly on the space shuttle twice. and 92 travelling to the space station and we see that space travel now, how was it changed in terms of focus? apollo 11 essentially was for the moon and we had that race against the soviets, so how would you characterize space travel now? you now, apollo 11 was truly remarkable in terms of technological achievement, we transition from going to the moon to go into space stations. said the us programme built the skylab space station and then they built the space shuttle with division of the bigger station to do research and understand how humans eye—popping function and eight microgravity environment. and all of this is to get ready to go back to the moon and further into the like mars. going back to that take—off of apollo 11, because it's

incredible. what i would like to know is that what does it feel like when you can share that countdown in your ear when you can share that countdown in yourear is? when you can share that countdown in your ear is? so, i still remember it. i was 15 years old at the time and watching on a small black—and—white television with grainy image. my father kept saying to turn the sound up so the whole living room is basically shaving —— shaking their left out. years later when i had a chance to watch it, you feel the ground shaking beneath your feet. you feel clothing on you it's incredible the power of the vehicle so incredible the power of the vehicle so imagine what it would be like to actually watch a saturn five left out. people are saying, you know, demand now has become very, very commercial. and it's not about space tourism, if looking at things like mining. —— the moon. do you think that's how things will go?|j mining. —— the moon. do you think that's how things will go? i think the future is really exciting and i touched on this in my book a little

bed, but the future of space —— space expiration and psychic knowledge and understanding of life existed elsewhere in the solar system, economic opportunity, looking at things like the possibility of mining and acceptance of the men. and i think really it's pa rt of the men. and i think really it's part of human destiny to be able to go for it and explore space. in part, to further understand the world we live in. we will go to that clip now because we wanted to replay it so let's just listen to that moment of left off. guidance internal. 12, 11, ten, nine, ignition sequence starts. six, five, four, three, two, one. zero, all engines running. lift off! we had a lift off, 32 minutes past the hour, lift off, 32 minutes past the hour, lift off, 32 minutes past the hour, lift off on apollo 11. i mean, it

gives me chills watching that because that achievement is incredible, now you work with the canadian space agency, what kind of work are you doing? right now i'm retired from the canadian space agency actually i'm working a chief executive officer of a biomedical assistance company, that develops medical applications to support the delivery of health care and space. but, you know, be safe canada is a major space—faring nation, the agency is very excited about continuing to use the station, and i'm looking at those nations back to the moon, hopefully by 2024, we will have mum humans on the moon. he really think i'm a lot about morris because people talk about that, how do you see the future about space travel to the red planet, mars?|j think the future is really the excitement, if you look at exponential growth in capacity over the first 50 years that human space exploration, the next 50 will be setting humans back to the moon and

sending humans to mars, living and working on the surface, searching for evidence of life and they have once existed there, but what's really exciting is to think about that generation today at students who are growing up in the uk. thinking about their opportunities to become a future astronaut, representing the uk in space, and that's really exciting because some of them they think that dream is impossible. i'm here to say that's what i was told i was growing up that we are —— but we are very good at making the impossible possible and that's the fun thing to think about future generations and what they can do in space. you mention medical work in terms of applications in space, what type of research very quickly if you could describe it to left on my recent taking place for example on the space station that's becoming applicable on earth? what's going on? on the space station, we are delivering health care in a remote extreme environment and arguably, the technology we developed in space will help us deliver the same sort

of health care to remote regions on earth. as part of the space programme, we live and work under water and years ago, we demonstrated remote and tell surgery with a surgeon every remote and tell surgery with a surgeon every 2000 miles away, operating on a simulated patient at 60 feet beneath the surface of the ocean, and that kind of technology is critical to help us go for it and asked by space, but also helping us on earth. fascinating stuff and thank you very much for your time. my thank you very much for your time. my pleasure, thank you. it's very exciting. and we'll find out how this story and many others are covered in tomorrow's front pages at 10:40 and 11:30 this evening in the papers our guests joining me tonight are former trade minister lord digbyjones and broadcaster henry bonsu. the woman who's been nominated to be the next president of the european commission says she'd be willing to extend

the brexit deadline beyond 0ctober. ursula von der leyen has been setting out her priorities in a bid to win the backing of meps, who've been voting this afternoon. damian grammaticas is in strasbourg for us this evening. let's speak to david herszenhorn, politico eu's chief brussels correspondent who's in strasbourg now... thank you for speaking to us. you see one by quite a tight margin, what should read read into that? this is a more diverse and divided european parliament and we have seen at any point in the history of the year. as one of our colleagues here in the press room pointed out, she could be setting out over majority to british and for support to her, meaning if in fact brexit happens, and that uk leaves, her majority is at that. she was asked when she pulled another vote what she looks for reassurance that she still had a

mandate after brexit if it happens, and she chuckled and said we are not going to write new rules, but in fa ct going to write new rules, but in fact it shows you how fragile this majority she won tonight is. you could say in another way she is the majority to the italian 5—star party, not a pro—ee party by definition, leftist nontraditional antiestablishment. so it's a fragile majority and end be a tough time i had governing in the eu but at the same time that we just a politician struggling to govern in virtually every capital in europe around the world. tough times really show have a bumpy start she takes up the post, because like you said, european parliament has been described as if idid and parliament has been described as if i did and she has investigation from involving german parliament over allegations of mismanagement and misspending while she was the defence ministry, what is she actually bringing to the role? she will be trailed by those investigations and allegations but

at the same time, she brings historic nature of her designation, the fact that she'll eat that she will be the first woman in the eu history to have top executive position and the fact that she was born in brussels, the eu in a way as family business her father having worked in the european commission and she said tonight he hoped to become the european commission at that did not work out as she said in many ways this is for her coming home, said there is an innate sense she seems too hot for the eu and european affairs, we will see it that will be tested very quickly at the onset, there will be folks co nsta ntly the onset, there will be folks constantly looking to raise doubts and again that investigation in berlin is still a factor. very quickly, you are there, what was the reaction to that final pic she made before the boat in terms of brexit extension? interesting you spoke about the apollo mission, she was promising the moon and stars and everything else today that mep is in hope of winning support and for some of them it was clearly enough, the

socialist democratic party was divided but came around and support, but if you look at the footage of the relative —— results, you can see her exhale. really just the relative —— results, you can see her exhale. reallyjust letting out a sigh of relief there, putting her hand over her chest making it clear she did not take this for granted as she did not take this for granted as she said there was points days ago and it was not clear majority would materialise and support of her candidacy. she has a mandate, its land but she has plans and certainly on fighting climate change and track —— tackling a silent and migration and she's open to brexit extension which will be a huge issue as we get close to october 31. thank you very much indeed. the headlines on bbc news... 50 years since the launch of the apollo mission to the moon a milestone in space exploration. germany's ursula von der leyen has been narrowly elected as the first female president of the eu

commission following a secret ballot among meps. trump and america's racism row the president escalates his twitter attack on these four politicians and they hit back. president trump has renewed his attack on four democratic politicians from minority backgrounds but insisted he doesn't have "a racist bone in his body". earlier he'd suggested they should "leave" the us and "go back to the countries they came from". the four congresswomen have dismissed the comments, and called them racist. 0ur north america correspondent nick bryant reports. race has always been the most volcanic fault line of american politics, and one that has always run right through the nation's capital. but never in the modern day has a sitting us president used such deliberately divisive language. donald trump prides himself on being the breaker

of traditional rules — it's partly why he was elected, and he has intensified his attacks on the banned congress women of colour... then he claimed... last night, the four congresswomen who were the target of the president's racist twitter onslaught stood in shoulder to shoulder solidarity on capitol hill. he's launching a blatantly racist attack on four duly elected members of the united states house of representatives. all of whom are women of colour. this is the agenda of white nationalists. the first note that i want to tell children across this country is that no matter what the president says, this country belongs to you. and it belongs to everyone.

not many republicans have openly criticised donald trump, and there has been support from the party leadership and top presidential aides. the president said today he doesn't have a racist bone in his body. i have been by his side for over three straight years... people show their real selves in private often enough and i have never, ever heard that man say anything untoward based on race in my experience. virginia was a battle ground in the american civil war, a conflict that often feels like it has never been truly resolved. so what has been the response to the latest racial flare—up there? it just doesn't feel presidential, at all. i don't really like it. he is the face of america and america is like the ideal melting pot. in telling people to go back to their countries telling people to go back to their countries because they have different coloured skin is not what america is about. i don't view his words as racist. i know some people believe that.

but i understand where he is coming from. yet more division in this land of warring political tribes. and this race row ploughing out you sense pretty much president trump is speaking at a cabinet meeting an hour ago, and despite being asked he refused to apologise press attack on the point democratic congress when then, how to listen. it's terrible when people speak badly of our country and they speak badly of our country and they speak so horribly at a list of things i won't bore you with it because you would be boring you would rather not i have a list of things said by the congresswomen that are so bad, so horrible, that i almost don't want to read it, it's my opinion they hate our country. and that's not good. it's not acceptable. well we can now speak to the democratic congresswoman, yvette clarke. she joins us live from our washington studio. thank you for speaking to us on bbc

news. first off we saw a bear, donald trump saying he has a list of things that congresswomen had said, just to put things into context and the background to this, we are talking about for example, the video that was posted regarding the twin towers. also, allegations by the president at about the congresswomen being anti—terrorist, anti—israel pro—terrorist, can you understand why many people who are saying as we have seen in our report, i understand where he's coming from? well, first of all let me just say, thank you for having me. the president of united— obligation to represent the views of the american people. and beforehand that to use the platform of the highest office and ourland to the platform of the highest office and our land to lambaste for

congresswomen, women of colour, it speaks poorly. it speaks to the racist tendencies he has. i believe personally, he's a racist, being a new yorker and knowing his history. for him to tryjustify that, by first of all many debunked videos and other materials you have just referenced, still does notjustify that type of behaviour that he has put before the american people and the wild, quite frankly. just how unified are the democrats behind a self proclaimed a squad? this is about a democratic caucus, we hold specific values for the american people. we want to advance this nation, and so we stand shoulder to

shoulder with one another. we are unified in denouncing what donald trump has said through his tweets that are clearly racist, that are meant to divide, are meant to harm and hurt. we have seen a spike in white nationalism in the united states of america. ever since donald trump came down the escalator, i talking about mexicans being drug dealers rapists and murderers. —— talking about. so what we are confronting here in the democratic party and does it with goodwill is a real pushback on a very horrible history of bigotry that runs it through the bane of our country. but a lot of this will be about perception because he had the election coming up and so campaigning for 2020, really getting under way. the fact that you have

got nancy pelosi effectively telling off the bar congresswomen, it won't help. and donald trump referencing that by saying democrats are being forced to embrace the four progresses. you know, of course this is all a political one upmanship. we are very clear on the fact that we are very clear on the fact that we are unified, donald trump cannot be the next president of the united states. there is no daylight there. how we get to that process and how we speak to the american people and how we speak to our own constituencies, i'm happy to chair the immigration task force for the congressional black caucus in the house of representatives. my parents come from jamaican west indies and had lived in the united states for most of their allies, flashlights, on second generation, their naturalized citizen so i take what the president of the united states says as a reflection of his disdain

for me, and the people that i represent. that means that i have to represent. that means that i have to represent their interests, and that's what each and every member elected must do. we cannot get caught up in the framing of a debate that donald trump wants to put forth in order to sell even more division in our country. we are very clear this man is an ex potential threat to our nation and to the communities we represent. -- existential. when you say that he's a threat, you are sponsoring the dream act, you represent the district of brooklyn, predominantly caribbean, and you speak of raids that are taking place, it's on your twitter feed. what is the reality of these raids, are they taking place and what your concerns? yes, the deportation force

that donald trump at spokane avenue during his campaign is in full effect. these raids are taking place community by community, immigration and customs enforcement is travelling throughout the neighbourhood, knocking on doors. to try to get entry to remove people from theirfamilies. try to get entry to remove people from their families. and try to get entry to remove people from theirfamilies. and so try to get entry to remove people from their families. and so we are informing all residents in the city of new york that day have rights as immigrants to the united states, many in ourfamilies are blended, semi—citizens in summer residents. some are in between status. and their rights not opening the door forice their rights not opening the door for ice agents unless they had a warrant signed by a judge. and that must be displayed to them. but that they are under no obligation to open

they are under no obligation to open the door to these agents. what's it like being a person of colour in america? well, it's an interesting dynamic. i can tell you that i never thought i would see someone sitting in the white house espousing openly the anti—immigrantand in the white house espousing openly the anti—immigrant and a very racist and xenophobic misogynistic types of rhetoric that, you know, it's disorienting for many people. but what we all know is we have to fight against it. america is a country built by immigrants for immigrants. some were forced to the united states as enslaved africans, others we re states as enslaved africans, others were almost wiped off the map by the genocide at the native americans. but many came to this nation looking for a better life and had added

value and help to build this nation. and it's worth fighting for. the american dream is alive and each and every one of us, and it is worth fighting for and back is what we are in the midst of doing right now. we are going to read once and for all this nation of the notion that there is any one of gods children that's less then any of the others. thank you very much for your time. 28 minutes past eight. you're watching bbc news. the three men who carried out the london bridge attack injune 2017 were lawfully killed by armed police that's the conclusion of the jury at the inquest into their deaths. khuram butt, rachid redouane and youssef zaghba were shot dead by firearms officers after a ten minute rampage in which the attackers killed eight people and injured 48 more. some of what happened that night was filmed by members of the public in footage that we can now show

you for the first time, and which some of you may find disturbing. our home affairs correspondent daniel sandford reports. borough market. famous for its restaurants, but that night men armed with knives were looking for victims. come back, come back! unarmed pc bartosz tchorzewski had run to within two metres of them, before backing off. straight away, i see that he has a vest, or rather a suicide belt. you just have no tools to fight with that kind of danger, so we made a decision to withdraw. go through there! run! "get trojan," one officer shouts. a police term for firearms specialists. run, run! get to the car! get trojan! but for some reason the attackers

don't follow them further. a man on a bike tries to get the police's attention, and the officers decide to go back and find the attackers. police, police! well, i guess we are police officers so we have to do something. the firearms officers have to know where to go, so at least we have to know where they are. ijust think we needed to circulate where they were. it's no good not having any eyes on them. so, yeah, wejust, i guess, followed them back into the market, back down the road, not quite sure exactly where they'd gone. at that point, two bakers also joined the chase, armed only with plastic crates and a broom. stay there! the plan — to distract the attackers, to stop them stabbing any more people. stay there! paul clarke, who's filming it all, tells his family to stay back. they'd seen several people stabbed in front of them in a restaurant, but he also follows to keep an eye

on the attackers. siren that siren — the sound of the firearms officers arriving. gunfire. i sort of dived myself one way into a shutter, cos i was stood there perfectly in line... there was, like, me and one of the attackers, and the firearms officers. quite lucky not to have been shot myself. gunfire what the bleep is going on here? the firearms officers left their vehicle so quickly that no—one put the handbrake on, and it rolled into some chairs as the attackers fell to the floor, and two unarmed officers stepped forward to handcuff the suspects — worried about the possible suicide belts. i think if i'd had time to think about what i was doing, maybe i wouldn't have done it. i had one thought, and that was people's lives needed to be saved, and if they were real,

then we're all in proper trouble. these dreadful events showed us the very worst of humanity, but it also showed us the very best as well. what stood out were the accounts of tremendous bravery and compassion by the public and emergency services alike. the response that night, under the most extreme and chaotic of circumstances, was quite simply extraordinary. the three attackers murdered eight people. but all through their rampage, people tried to stop them. without their bravery, they could have killed many more. daniel sanford, bbc news. now, it's time for a look at the weather with ben rich. good evening, many sites today for a few spots that have, quite a lot of cloud bubbling up and we have to get

used to my cloud over the next couple of days, things are turning u nsettled, couple of days, things are turning unsettled, cloud increasing across northern ireland in scotland the topics of rain arriving at their the second half of the night, heavy rain with brisk wind and had that, should i lick their spouse temperature is holding up in double digits. tomorrow, saturday stafford —— into western scotland, getting across the irish sea, i headed back, increase in high clouds and sunshine amounts turning hazy. brisk wind across western areas and kind of rain, cooler here where we had dry weather and hazy sunshine. 25 by 26 in east england. cooler on thursday, wet and windy weather to come on friday. hello this is bbc news. the headlines.

50 yea rs 50 years since the mission to the moon, a milestone in space exploration. germany has been nearly elected as the first female president of the commission following a secret ballot. trump and america's racism, his twitter attack on the four politicians may head back. the off—duty officers who try to ta ke back. the off—duty officers who try to take on the london bridge attackers rules that the killers we re attackers rules that the killers were lawfully shot dead. the continued story conjoined and living to live apart. to the sportscenter. he says he is

going to going all out to give the home fans something to cheer as he prepares of the opening championship. he certainly knows his way around. northern irishman broke the course record with around 61 at the course record with around 61 at the age of 60. that still stands, on the age of 60. that still stands, on the thursday held there once before backin the thursday held there once before back in 1951. he says it could get quite emotional if he gets to hold that famousjug quite emotional if he gets to hold that famous jug at the end of the final round. i am proud to feel as ifi final round. i am proud to feel as if i have played some small part in getting the open championship to northern ireland, the success of myself and others, i think those pa rt myself and others, i think those part of the reason why they wanted to come here and all of the people have done a wonderfuljob to bring this championship here. it is spectacular. it is unbelievable and it is certainly a different golf course than the one i grew up

playing. it is bigger, tougher and i've been looking at pictures from social media and the place looked stunning. the former captain says that he has what it takes to step up to test cricket next month, archer took 20 wickets in the world cup and thatis took 20 wickets in the world cup and that is a record for an england player. when in barbados, qualified to play before the tournament began, after a change of eligibility rules. they say he should be issuing for the national series. if he is fit enough to get into a test match, he isa enough to get into a test match, he is a difference maker, give you something or you wouldn't otherwise have and he isjust something or you wouldn't otherwise have and he is just so good. something or you wouldn't otherwise have and he isjust so good. for a 24—year—old, he is so good and so calm and so composed. i'm struggling to think of another player that has had the same impact he's had such short period of time. surprised and

disappointed to see if i fail leave the cloud when his contract came to an end, the club when his contract came to the club an end, when his contract came to had a good frame of the club but it was a decision that was made between the manager himself and the club owners, so the manager himself and the club owners, so it was out of our hands so owners, so it was out of our hands so when i have to look to a new manager and so when i have to look to a new managerand a so when i have to look to a new manager and a new season. it is a strange situation for a manager to go strange situation for a manager to go into the last year of his contract and it is not something that happens often so this is the first experience effort of it. the world cup continues the big defeat for northern ireland, one—way traffic against new zealand, 77 to 28 and is the pretournament favourites. still unbeaten, almost short of the semi final place, they

face barbados next, the final group game in the hope that they can secure a playoff for ninth. many pack your‘s publicist is denying that the deal has been agreed to fight amircon, that the deal has been agreed to fight amir con, they say they have been signed off and done to face pacquiao in saudi arabia but pacquiao's spokesperson told bbc sport that manny has not signed any contract. the international welterweight title with the fourth round stoppage on friday night. formerjudo round stoppage on friday night. former judo champion has round stoppage on friday night. formerjudo champion has died at the age ofjust 36. he was the last britishjudo, to hold a world age ofjust 36. he was the last british judo, to hold a world title he was also the european and commonwealth champion who retired in 2011. recently taken up the post of head coach with the welsh judo

association. his cause of death is not been revealed. very sad news, that is it, we will continue with the sport at half past ten. the latest figures reveal the shocking nature of drug abuse in scotland. the number of drug related deaths has soared to record levels, reaching well over a thousand last year. that's more than a quarter up on the previous year. and it means scotland's drug related death rate is now around triple that of the rest of the uk and higher than the rate reported across the eu that's according to the data available. the scottish government says it's time to reform drug policy, which is shaped in westminster. here's our scotland editor sarah smith. talk to any drug user in dundee and they all have stories of friends

who have recently died from a drug overdose, and their own near—death experiences. i was in icu, and they called my family up to say i was going to die. we were up smoking crack till four in the morning, and i took valium and heroin. it is that lethal cocktail of drug use that's largely to blame for the increase in drug deaths. the vast majority of those who died had more than one substance in their system. these street valium pills, which contain all sorts of dangerous chemicals, can be particularly deadly. if you were taking them, and them, and taking heroin as well, and maybe they're on medication as well. so that's happening. you can kick drugs. this gym class for recovering addicts shows what is possible. sharon brand is a former heroin user

who now runs recovery projects like this one. but she knows the problem is getting worse. she sees the users are getting younger. now it's children, it's children. who are taking drugs? that are dying. there are three generations of drug users in dundee now. notjust their parents, their friends' parents, their friends' grandparents. whoever it is, it is right through my community, right through it. to stop people accidentally overdosing in the streets, the scottish government wants to open medically supervised consumption rooms, where users can take illegal drugs in a safer environment. but the scottish government don't have control over drug laws, and that idea has been blocked by the uk home office. the scottish government have declared the situation and emergency and have set up an expert task force. the evidence is that actions like the safer consumption rooms

will make a difference, will save lives, so we should follow the evidence, and i really would encourage the uk government to work with us to make that happen. drugs are the current crisis. ten years ago scotland successfully slashed epidemic levels of knife crime. experts say it's a problem that needs a similar approach. you know, if you did a venn diagram there is always that same group of people, and what typifies them is trauma and hopelessness. and the fact they are not thinking about next year, they arejust thinking, "is today the day i die?" because they don't care about themselves, and nobody else cares about them either, and what does that say about us in scotland? # all this talk of getting old... # do it yourself initiatives like this open mic night for former addicts and friends try and provide some social support. charities complain there is not nearly enough normal treatment for addicts in scotland, in a country where for the first time drugs are killing more

people than alcohol. this week we are telling the remarkable story of twins, safa and marwa from pakistan, who were born joined at the head. surgeons at great 0rmond street hospital in london separated the sisters over the course of three major operations, lasting more than 50 hours. 0ur medical correspondent fergus walsh and producer rachael buchanan were given exclusive access over nearly a year. our second report shows how the twins were finally separated, and the months of rehabilitation that have followed. and just so you know, it includes pictures of the operation on the girls. safa and marwa share a single skull. the two—year—olds have already undergone two complex operations at great 0rmond street hospital to prepare them for separation. now, finally, that day has come.

their brains, lock together since birth, are eased apart. so this is safa's brain, that's marwa's brain. so they are now separate, apart from that piece of dura? after seven hours, the final connection of bone and tissue are severed. fantastic. at last, after three major operations, the twins are no longerjoined. what was the moment like when they were separate for the first time? what did that feel like? it's a very emotional moment. we've been working a long time to get them here, they've been through so many operations, and now it's worked! so you still got, what, four or five hours to do? yes, we have to put them together now. so we've taken them apart, and we have to reconstruct their heads. marwa are still in the operating theatre through here while safa has

been moved just next door. for the first time, the survival of each of the twins is not dependent on the other. and that will make it easier for the two surgical teams to regulate their heart rate, blood pressure and other vital signs. safa and marwa's brains used to have a distorted shape. but four months earlier a plastic sheet was inserted between them, and by gradually tightening the pressure, it has largely corrected their appearance — essential before their skills can be rebuilt. this means both teams can begin reconstruction. the patchwork of skull pieces are shared between theatres. a piece for me, a piece for you. to have enough to cover their heads, they have to divide each bit in two. the bone fragments were pieced together to form the skull of marwa on the left and safa on the right.

the gaps were seeded with bone cells. these should slowly close up. the final task is to stretch the skin over their reconstructed skulls. there's just enough to make the join. a pretty amazing day, isn't it? hi, everything is good! at 1:30 in the morning, the surgeons tell the family it's all done. # hello, safa! # hello, marwa! # how are you today? # then begins the long road to recovery. the twins have daily physiotherapy. this will help them reach some basic milestones — learning to roll, sit, and hold their heads up. # twinkle, twinkle, little star.

# how i wonder what you are... # but the separation has taken its toll, especially on safa, who suffered a stroke after one of the operations. we made the decision that the bulk of the common vessels go to marwa, the weaker twin. because of that decision, safa suffered a stroke. what i really want to see is the weakness that safa has at the moment, and she has a weakness in her left arm and left leg, improves. so for me the big moment is going to be when she walks and when she uses her left arm properly. because, you know, i have given her that weakness, and for me that is a hard thing. five months after separation, nearly a year since they were admitted to hospital, the girls are leaving great 0rmond street. time to say goodbye to doctors and nurses who have become friends. until the twins are well enough to return to pakistan, they'll stay in london —

all paid for by the donor who funded the surgery. the twins are likely to have some learning difficulties, but their mum is overjoyed at the freedom separation has brought. whatever hurdles safa and marwa may face in years to come, they will at least do that as separate, independent girls. twins still but conjoined no more.

earlier today at the kennedy space centre in florida astronauts buzz aldrin and michael collins revisited launch pad 39am from where apollo 11 blasted off to the moon. buzz aldrin was one of the two men who walked on the moon on that mission, while michael collins was the third member of the crew who orbited while history was made on the moon's surface. this was the moment. today, that marked 50 years of the moon landing. t -15 t —15 seconds. 12, 11, ten, nine,

eight, ignition sequence start. taking risks, about setting an ambitious goal before the world. the flexibility of the option of either walking this planet or some other planet. the moon or mars or i do not know where and i am barely equipped to evaluate where that may lead us to. we choose to go to the moon.

perhaps the highlight for those of us on perhaps the highlight for those of us on land, will probably be a successful touchdown and i really look forward to that. does that bring back any memories, what was like to write that rocket? after ignition is quite different than what you might imagine. if you watch it from a distance, it makes a stately ascent and you're quite aware of the gigantic power it is

producing, seven and a half million pounds of thrust. but inside is a different situation. inside, you are not worried about your power so much, as you are your steering. and you suspended inside the cockpit, not too far away from that launched umbilical tower that is right off to one side. as you left off, if there is any imbalance, it is compensated for by the swiveling of your motors below you, you have five engines down there and as you ascend, slowly, majestically inside, it is a different situation. you feel figgfing different situation. you feel jiggling left to right and you're not quite sure where those jiggles are big as small as they should be or how much closer they're going to put you to large umbilical tower which you do not very much want to head at that moment. it is a different feeling and lift off than

the nervous novice driving of a wide vehicle and a narrow alley and once you clear the tower and things smooth out a bit, and pick up speed, thenit smooth out a bit, and pick up speed, then it becomes more like you might imagine watching you from afar. more conscious of the power below you, more conscious of the acceleration and the speed that you are picking up and the speed that you are picking up and then you soon find out that your machine, your saturn breaks apart into pieces and when it is finished with peace number one, a jet ascends and that gives you a momentary skyrocket inside the cockpit. the cockpit is immediately, the vision, the idea, the site of being surrounded by fire and when it

gets through that little hiccup, from then on it is a quieter, more rational, silent ride all the way to the moon. but not second stage head was at a pretty good kick? the moon. but not second stage head was at a pretty good kick7m the moon. but not second stage head was at a pretty good kick? it was a stage we worried about in its birth in genesis, they had, the designers and the engineers had some difficulty with the second stage and we we re difficulty with the second stage and we were a little weary of how wary it would be. but it was perfect smooth as glass, much more so than the third stage and it was our friend that day. at the end of that video, being down on the surface, i'm going to ask it again, what was it like being all alone out there in

the command module while they're on the command module while they're on the surface of the moon?|j the command module while they're on the surface of the moon? i was amazed that after the flight, by the way we are locked up in quarantine after the flight but the huge colony of mice because we they were worried that we might have brought some harmful pathogens from the moon and they want to keep everything under observation. i was always asked wasn't i the loneliest person and the whole lonely history of the hold on these solar system announced by myself and that place? no, i have been flying aeroplanes by myself, those being the loft in the vehicle, there was no novelty. i trusted my surroundings and i was very happy to be where i was and see this

complicated mission unfold. but the time that i was by myself, i was perfectly enjoyable. i had hot coffee, add music and a good old command module, columbia had every facility that i needed it was plenty big and! facility that i needed it was plenty big and i really enjoyed my time by myself instead of being terribly lonely, i was not one iota lonely. now it's time for a look at the weather with ben rich. lifting temperatures to 27 degrees, not all of us have brilliant blue skies, this was these teddy make the scene, that's how it looked and the other satellite pictures, one or two showers during the day and then behind me here, a more continuous area that will bring us some wet

weather in clear skies on the moment, partial lunar eclipse looked towards the south eastern sky and the keep or to some clear spells as we head deeper into the night, but to the small hours we will see quite a lot of cloud into northern ireland with outbreaks of rain and the wind starting to pick up as well. temperatures between 11 and 14 degrees. this frontal system is going to bring some soggy weather for some of us and arriving in northern ireland to the first part of the morning, some pretty disappointing commutes, big surface water with heavy rain getting into western parts of scotland with the arc flash of lightning and rumble of thunder across the irish sea the fringes of england and wales. much of scotla nd fringes of england and wales. much of scotland will be seen outbreaks of scotland will be seen outbreaks of rain in association with a

frontal system and potentially brighterfor parts frontal system and potentially brighter for parts of aberdeen share, beginning to pull away from northern ireland as it extends across the merseyside in northwest england, wales and the west midlands in the southwest. further east, high cloud tending to roll around turning increasingly hazy and it will be another warm day. but that warmth will be swept away to some extent on thursday as the last remnants of our frontal system clearer eastwards we are frontal system clearer eastwards we a re left frontal system clearer eastwards we are left with a mixture of sunshine and showers across the north of the uk in and showers across the north of the ukina and showers across the north of the uk in a coolerfield and showers across the north of the uk in a cooler field for all of us. as we enter friday, here is another area of low pressure, a frontal system that will bring down to the south where it has been pretty dry lately, brisk winds as well and then the weekend unsettled without bricks of time, but not all the time.

hello, i'm ros atkins, this is 0utside source. it's 50 years to the day since the apollo 11 crew blasted off into history. five, four, three, two, one. we'll be marking the historical significance of that moment where it all started — the launch site at cape canaveral in florida. ursula von der leyen has been confirmed for the european union's topjob — we'll report from the european parliament in strasbourg. president trump denies he's a racist — but steps up his attacks on four democratic congresswomen of colour. this is the us house of representatives right now, where democrats are preparing to vote on a resolution condemning the president.