this is bbc news, i'm martine croxall. the headlines at 8pm... the uk experiences its second hottest day on record, as councils step up visits to the elderly and doctors warn of the risk of heatstroke. train passengers are told to stay at home, as the extreme temperatures cause chaos on the rail network, with problems on overhead lines. we're not the only ones. extreme heat has gripped much of western europe, with paris experiencing its hottest day ever more than 42 degrees. in other news, on his first full day as prime minister, borisjohnson predicts a golden age for britain after brexit, and welcomes in his new cabinet. he then set off for the commons, where mrjohnson told mps while he wants to leave the eu with a deal, there must be preparations, for a no—deal brexit today is the first day

of new approach which will end with our exit from the eu on 31st october. nissan cuts its workforce by 12 and a half thousand worldwide, after reporting a 98% drop in profits. england cosmic test against island hangs in the balance despite jack reached making 92 at lords. good evening. the uk has experienced its second hottest day since records began the hottestjuly day ever. and the extreme weather has caused severe disruption across the transport network. at their highest, temperatures reached 38.1 degress celsius

in cambridge, that's over 100 degrees fahrenheit. and just short of the all time high of 38.5c recorded in august 2003 in farnborough, in kent. now many of us have been enjoying the record temperatures for some it's meant a trip to the seaside at the starts of the summer holidays. it has been lovely, you can see the baby down at the beach every day. it has been lovely, you can see the baby down at the beach every daym is lovely, too hot for the babies that i am enjoying it and i do like the heat. but for others it's caused severe travel disruption. nearly all of the train operators in uk have affected by cancellations and speed restrictions on the tracks. many of the major networks such as east midlands trains, greater anglia and lner have advised people not to travel. and forecasters have warned the heat could lead to downpours in some areas, causing more disruption for passengers many today were forced to make alternative travel plans. the trains were still running but at

a slower speed than usual in a bed to prevent rails buckling in the soaring temperature is. of their operators had to cut services after network rail and thus a 60 mph speed limit. 20,000 miles of track and as it heats up to anywhere between 38 and 58 degrees it expands and it could become buckled. that would create a potential of an unsafe environment and therefore what we do is we have to attend the services to ensure the passengers are safe and that we can keep the railway of moving. that means the screens here carry details of longerjourney times and a large number of services cancelled altogether. hopefully they will lay on a bed of water for you and the carriages, it was her last night. if it is bad today it will be people class on the train i am certain. it is a bit of a change to go down on the hottest day and likely i have water with me and hopefully it will be all right

during the day. i cannot get to my meeting and they cannot guarantee me getting back, thejourney back. meeting and they cannot guarantee me getting back, the journey back. your day is completely different from what it was expected to be. com pletely what it was expected to be. completely ruined. they say did not travel unless absolutely necessary what is your position? my managers would say it is absolutely necessary so would say it is absolutely necessary so no choice. is it absolutely necessary? i work, so if i so no choice. is it absolutely necessary? i work, so ifi do so no choice. is it absolutely necessary? iwork, so ifi do not travel i don't get paid. essex commuters determined to make it into work today despite the warnings have been arriving home. how was your journey back? horrible. it isjust a hot and sweaty train completely packed and it will get packed again. it is disgusting really. it was like this yesterday as well. i do not know, i guess they are not prepared for the weather but with climate change we all knew it was coming. the help know that tomorrow will be less like an oven and allow more

trains to run. there may not be matched really for rail passengers tomorrow. and rail bosses have warned that although the heat is likely to be less intenswe tomorrow, problems are likely to continue. we believe that this evening, 20 out of 26 train companies have been affected and that is either speed restrictions or cancellations and thatis restrictions or cancellations and that is mainly around the southeast of england and london but there are obviously a lot of routes that radiate in and out of london so that effect has been felt around the country. we have been telling people to only travel where necessary and some areas and some stomach many people have heeded that advice and we believe there could be roll—on impacts tomorrow because many of the trains will be in the wrong places and many of the rail staff will be in the wrong places and it will take time to reset and stabilise the timetable again so we could see disruption up until the weekend so

please check before you travel. there were fears that the extreme heat could cause rails to buckle, which is why speed restrictions were put in place. but it was a track side fire that caused much of the disruption at st pancras station in london it forced commuters to be evacuated from nearby trains. 0ur correspondent dan johnson has been been at the station this evening he sent us this report. iam afraid i am afraid the disruption here is particularly intense this evening, there are not many people enjoying their journey there are not many people enjoying theirjourney home and in fact cannot make the journey home, you see the crowd of people there in the station staring up at the departure board and i am afraid most of the sign say the trains are cancelled especially heading north out of fear because of those fires that have affected services on the routes heading out and at kings cross as well and that has led to severe disruption almost all of the disruptions on that main and east coast mainline are expected to be cancelled for the rest of this evening and there are serious disruptions and delays on the west

coast mainline to manchester as well so passengers are facing a difficult time after what had already been a difficult day. there were cancellations and restrictions put in place this morning and because of the heat posing a risk that the rail lines would buckle and train lines will be rail in that race did not seem to be rail and with the further expansion of the metal involved in the overhead wires, that seems to have gotte n the overhead wires, that seems to have gotten tangled on the equipment and property wires down and because the fires and resulted in more disruption this evening said the only person who looks like he is remotely enjoying himself as the ice cream man up around remotely enjoying himself as the ice cream man up around the corner. elsewhere in europe there has been record high temperature is as well. in paris the mercury hit 42.6 degrees celsius the highest ever recorded in the french capital. 0ur correspondent lucy williamson reports. the city of light has become the city of heat.

42 degrees — just bearable if you're mostly underwater. the government has repeatedly warned people not to stay out in the sun, but with offices and schools closing early, and most homes without air conditioning, not everyone's listening. it's difficult to enjoy it. here we are in this most amazing city in the world and, you know, it's tough to want to go and do much. it's very hot! er, the summer in brazil is not like this. it's hot too but, here, is too much. this is a short, sharp spike in temperatures, but what a spike it is! the heat unremitting now for several days and nights. and in a city not built for this kind of weather, for many people, air—conditioned shops or public fountains are the only places they can find respite. the hot weather is putting pressure on farmers, already facing a drought.

luc smessaert says the grass his cows should be eating has died in the field. he's using up his stock of winter feed to keep them alive. translation: our fields have become as dry as doormats. we've never seen anything like it. it's like the south of france. we have longer periods without water. we're running at a 50% loss. we'll have to adapt and find solutions. the heatwave broke temperature records across europe yesterday, and then broke them again today. germany soared past 41 degrees, as people flocked to swimming pools and fountains. in belgium, temperatures topped 40, a historic record, according to weather experts. and in the netherlands, the hottest day for more than 70 years saw the red cross handing out emergency water supplies to the homeless. this is the second heatwave to hit europe in a month. in paris, where streets and monuments have weathered centuries of change,

some wonder if the weather itself is changing. lucy williamson, bbc news, paris. they arejoined by they are joined by someone from u psta i rs they are joined by someone from upstairs at the weather department and thank you very much for coming down. and must be immensely busy running around and telling us how hot we all are. it is not quite a record today though is it? but we are not far off, we got to 38.1 celsius so that is only jr of the degree from the all uk record that was set back in 2003 and we did not quite get there, we had high cloud move and from france through the afternoon and we were thinking we lead by the time we got to admit day we we re lead by the time we got to admit day we were already looking at temperatures around 35 celsius so we we re temperatures around 35 celsius so we were really nearly there at the record so as cloud came through there were a few spots of rain and a

few counties. never been so proud, to see the cloud. it will be hot and humid and uncomfortable for sleeping again and high teens to live 20s and humidity levels again will be pretty high so it will be pretty uncomfortable and also some thunderstorms around and we have seen some thunderstorms already and intact we had around 9000 lightning strikes across northern england and pushing into eastern scotland through tonight and for their thunderstorms edging into southern england as well and we are seeing some thunder and lightning and heavy downpour is already and there will be more through tonight and that is going to raise the humidity levels as well. quite a lot of lightning there. a good downpour i can clear there. a good downpour i can clear the airat there. a good downpour i can clear the air at that and give us a bit of a pressure start but not necessarily tonight? i think it will add to the humidity but it will be and for a cooler day tomorrow because we have a cold front sweeping and from the last so cooler air will come through

and there will be at south westerly wind rather than a south easterly wind. said the impressively key —— the oppressive heat, it will be away from any places. many people will find it a bit more pleasant i think than today. we always had these unusual pea ks and than today. we always had these unusual peaks and temperatures in the summers just as we get very cold snap sometimes in the winter so how accurately can we say whether this isa accurately can we say whether this is a function of climate change. we cannot gain any one single event down to climate change but what we talk about climate change are the trends and many climate change scientists will say itjust makes these extreme events more common. thank you very much i do not know what we would do without you. but see how this story, it will be bound to

be all over the front pages. we will be all over the front pages. we will be looking at them at 10:a0pm and 11:30pm this evening. 0ur guestsjoining me tonight are jessica elgot, who's the chief political correspondent for the guardian, and lucy fisher, the defence correspondent at the times. at westminster today boris johnson promised a new "golden age" during his first statement to the house of commons as prime minister. he repeated his commitment for the uk to leave the eu by october the 31st and said although he would work flat out to try to get a deal, the withdrawal agreement, negotiated by theresa may was dead. the labour leader, jeremy corbyn questioned whether borisjohnson overestimated his abilities as prime minister. here's our political editor laura kuenssberg. quite the occasion. a government more or less created overnight. a cabinet in a rush. good morning, secretary of state. are you looking forward to your first big meeting? so eager to get to the table, there was almost a traffic jam in number10. it's just before 8am and the cabinet are already gathering for theirfirst meeting. this is a new government that wants

to show they really mean business. right... and there he is, in the chair he's coveted for so long. borisjohnson, a politician who divides, trying to pull a government, a party and a country together. it is wonderful to see this new team assembled here, and reflecting, ithink, the depth and breadth of talent in our extraordinary party. the words familiar already. we're a lot less used to this show of unity. brexit the number—one task. how was the meeting, home secretary? brexiteers in plum jobs. oh, it's a very positive cabinet, it's a united cabinet, it's fully supporting the prime minister. the promise to leave in less than 100 days the task. well, we've had an excellent cabinet meeting. very positive, very enthusiastic. and we're all ready to go now. ready to work. leaving without a formal deal in place, if needs be. very good. energised. yet no prime minister can be master of a government without mastering the commons.

he's arrived for big moments before, but never like this. relishing making an entrance? statement, the prime minister. thank you. our mission is to deliver brexit on october 31st, for the purpose of uniting and re—energising our great united kingdom. he wants to leave the eu at hallowe'en, but wants it his way. the way to the deal goes by way of the abolition of the backstop. he wants to make that guarantee against a hard border in ireland disappear — precisely what the eu says it'll never do. i hope that they will rethink their current refusal to make any changes. and get used to seeing this. these are the sceptics and doubters. they are. pointing the finger already. the country is deeply worried

that the new prime minister overestimates himself. the dynamic between this pair the core of our politics now. our country does not need arm—waving bluster, but competence, seriousness. and after a decade of divisive policies for the few, to focus, for once, on the interests of the many! there will be plenty more jousts. we are the party of the many and they are the party of the few. we will take this country forwards. they, mr speaker will take it backwards! today, tory mps delighted at borisjohnson the bulldozer. hear their roars. but much of the country might take a different view. he wants to drive us off the cliff edge and he does not even know the impact of the damage it will cause. will he bring back any brexit plan

and put it to this house, then put it to the people? no to that, but the allies he needs on—board for now. we need to deliver brexit with a deal, but we must be prepared for no—deal if necessary. not her problem any more. watching a different, more straightforward game today, former colleagues in tow — theresa may at the cricket, able to laugh now. the movers on their way in to take her belongings out. her successor speeding in at the back. downing street is firmly home for boris johnson now. laura kuenssberg, bbc news, westminster. forrestjohnson told forrest johnson told parliament forrestjohnson told parliament that they need to turbo—charge to make sure there is as little disruption as possible to nationalise how the is that prospect?

she takes a look to see how prepared business are for the possible outcome. here at this lecture bed manufacturers they have been watching the new prime minister closely talk of a new deal might be a negotiation tech comic technique. but it means being prepared as a priority. and that has been frustrating. we are helpless, we do not know what is going to happen and not know what is going to happen and no one can tell us what is going to happen and we have spent a lot of money building up and we had to maintain that going forward and had no choice really and that is all we can do for october. that is everything but the trouble is it is tied at this money for the best part of nine months. how prepared businesses have been for a new deal has varied. manufacturers at the nhs have better resources to do i than

have better resources to do so than small ones. june of this year at the bank of england found that 90% of companies over all had put in place contingency plans at some point. that was up from 30% last autumn. but you cannot stop it forever, especially perishable goods and as brexit deadlines have been extended, the bank found only have had maintain their contingency plans and how prepared frames are will matter hugely to the wider country. how prepared frames are will matter hugely to the wider countrylj how prepared frames are will matter hugely to the wider country. i think there is an assumption that a new deal will be a complete disaster. i think that is a possibility but some suggest the scenario is less likely to happen. but there are some things that cannot be prepared for, in the event of no deal, goods crossing borders could face delays or incur extra charges and the government said he would not add this to most

european imports but they still apply in some areas adding 10% or £1500 to the price of a typical family car. then there is the reaction of the markets, regardless of tariffs, a weaker pound makes imported goods more costly. $125, sterling has been closing to its lowest level against the dollar in two years and eight no deal can push it down even further say analysts. the date unknown, how households and businesses will react to a no deal in any disruption, a could have standing investment and jobs affect economic well—being. already there are signs that some may be suffering are signs that some may be suffering a few restless nights as the 31st of 0ctober approaches. the new government has been trying to inject more optimism about prospects. talk ofa more optimism about prospects. talk of a new deal may be just that but even where it's can have a cost.

the japanese car maker, nissan, has announced it will cut 12 and a half thousand jobs worldwide in an attempt to shore up its finances after recent troubles. the company says its quarterly net profit has fallen nearly 95%. and it will reduce its global production capacity by 10% by the end of 2022. a reporter is here where has he gone wrong for them? it is notjust nissan, car makers around the world are facing a whole host of challenges whether it is falling sales are rising costs and the need to invest in new technologies in particular, electric vehicles. i wonder if it has created a perfect storm for nissan and the numbers today are not very good at all and essentially biked out profit and if he put it into contest this is one of the worst quarterly performance as they have had in a decade and also on top of everything else all of the corporate infighting may have seen and last year you will recall that the chairman, he was accused of

financial misconduct and dismissed from the company and he denies the charges but even so, management has taken of you know where we need to do something to turn around a performance so what can we do? one way they identified at doing that is cutting costs and that is partially cutting costs and that is partially cutting production but alsojobs. where will thejob cutting production but alsojobs. where will the job scale and how will the uk be affected and that? what we do know is that there are 12,500 jobs worldwide going to be cut so the company confirm that today and that is a tenth of its global workforce and that is significant. that is about 1k plans and potentially being in line for cuts here and whether it is because two production lines or whole factory shutting down and in the uk we have around 7000 people employed in the sunderland plant and obviously there is uncertainty for those in the city relies on nissan as one of its most important employers said they will be looking at that with some concern. unions

today were quite optimistic about it and they do not think the actual fall too hard in the uk and that is really because the sunderland plant is very efficient and a lot of the production plan for mic lines are profitable and crucially talking about electric cars, they produce the nissan leaf which is an electric carand at the nissan leaf which is an electric car and at the time they do not want to scale back on that. on the other hand, brexit is something that is causing uncertainty for businesses and a lot of car companies have talked about the risk of a no—deal brexit and what this could mean in terms of disruption to supply chains for them. and for nissan we have already seen earlier this year they talked about two of their models being cut from the sunderland plant so that is something that they have scaled back on and in february as well they said one of their plans, new models was not going to be built here in the uk any more but they specifically cited brexit uncertainty as a reason for that. the chief executive spoke today and

he cannot give many details at this point because they are still working details out so it is essentially a waiting game but that does mean there is uncertainty for it nissan staff. thank you very much. two teenagers have beenjailed for offences relating to the fatal stabbing of grammar school pupil yousef makki. yousef was stabbed in the heart with a flick knife in the village of hale barns in greater manchester in march. both boys are 17 and can not be named for legal reasons. 0ur correspondentjudith moritz sent us this update from outside manchester crown court. it is as you say the boys being sentenced where being sentenced for related for the offence is related to these and backstabbing of yousef makki, he was fatally stabbed on the 2nd of march and a village in south lancashire which is an area popular with footballers and celebrities. the court heard that this was

evidence of knife crime affecting all aspects of our society. court whistled this happened after he was involved in a row with two other boys also both 17. a row over a failed drug steel. we cannot name the two defendants but they were sentenced today and first of all, boy aa, the first of the two, he was acquitted at trial here of both murder and manslaughter though it was accepted that he had been carrying the mall knife that had fatally stabbed yousef makki but he was acquitted of both charges. he did admit possessing the knife and providing the course ofjustice, not lying to the police after the crime and for that he was sentenced today for16 and for that he was sentenced today for 16 months. boy be admitted having possessed a flick knife as well and he had been acquitted and diverting the grace ofjohn's demitasse test and sentence for four months. night crime is a cancer on

our society and said that both boys the backdrop to your offending is depressingly all—too—familiar and said that they were part of a warped culture in which the possession of knives was seen as cool and aesthetically pleasing and told them both by sending them to prison he hoped that only young people in this situation would be put off by carrying knives. let's ta ke let's take a look at the weather forecast now. hello there, we have certainly seen some very extreme temperatures across northwest europe over the last few days and it has all been caused by this area of low pressure pulling up hot airfrom spain and working across france and moving into parts of netherlands, belgium, western germany and our shores as well. temperature records have been set and these are new national temperature records in germany, the netherlands and belgium as well and as far as here in the uk we saw the

highestjuly temperature ever and temperatures have peaked at 38.1 celsius in cambridge and could be further revisions to this but we think that is the second highest temperature ever recorded here in the uk with temperatures for attendance away from the all—time record and we would have snatched that record if not for this cloud that record if not for this cloud that drifted across eastern england and its top temperature is rising by several tenths of a degree. focus is shifting from the hot weather to deep thunderstorms which are already breaking out and across england the storms will continue to move northwards and eastwards and living into scotland as well. it could bring localised flash flooding and lots of lightning as well. warm night for sleeping and temperature is at 11 night for sleeping and temperature is at11a:m., night for sleeping and temperature is at 11 a:m., 26 degrees in norwich for example so an uncomfortable night i had. —— at 11 p:m., 26 degrees. again some sunny spells but showers will develop again and

thunderstorms in other areas in particular. it will be another hot day across eastern england and militant scotland where temperatures will still reach the high 20s but otherwise more comfortably for some temperatures into the lower to mid 20s. best weather front will move in and that will become very heavy and slow moving, the rain with thunderstorms next then and it means we could see localised flooding issues this weekend particularly heavy and long lived and parts of scotla nd heavy and long lived and parts of scotland and down towards lincolnshire as well and it is across wales and north east england which will be dry. it will be much more comfortable for sleeping overnight entry of sunday night as well but the weather front is still continuing to bring heavy downpour —— heavy downpour is on so we could have other problems forming through the weekend. that is your weather.

hello this is bbc news. the headlines... the uk experiences its second hottest day on record, as councils step up visits to the elderly and doctors warn of the risk of heatstroke. train passengers are told to stay at home, as the extreme temperatures cause chaos on the rail network, with problems on overhead lines. we're not the only ones. extreme heat has gripped much of western europe, with paris experiencing its hottest day ever more than 42 degrees. in other news, on his first full day as prime minister, borisjohnson predicts a golden age for britain after brexit,

and welcomes in, his new cabinet. he then set off for the commons, where mrjohnson told mps while he wants to leave the eu with a deal, there must be there must be preparations, for a no—deal brexit. todayis today is the first in a new approach that and our exit on the ea of 0ctober. today is the first day of new approach which will end and nissan cuts its workforce by 12 and a half thousand worldwide, after reporting a 98 % drop in profits. sport and for a full round up, from the bbc sport centre. hello. thank you, we start with england and his front backs men have once again failed to impress, leaving ireland with a victory in the first ever test at lords at the end of the second day, they were 303-9 in end of the second day, they were 303—9 in the second inning, lead of 181, our sports correspondentjoe

has more. 35 degrees, pair of glasses and a helmet, it's a tough combination. he had to try and buy english cricket, but to respectability, grasped the occasion. he was sent in to stick around to protect the proper batsmen. the humble night watchman isn't supposed to score 50 runs, but he did. now everyone with england can remember that ticket is supposed to be fine. jason roy is supposed to make big scores. england ever came the dataset, let in the match and as the dataset, let in the match and as the clock ticked past lunch, the bowlers it seemed out of ibs. while england first played their matching 1877, ireland in 2018, soon test teens learned that at times, you must a patient. i love, roy

dismissed for 72 and a leech on 92, so close to his 100. it's gone. cloud knew what they had seen, still a place in test cricket for the hero. never comity, anger and try to ensure thatjoe was running out, just when they started to feel safe there plunged back intojeopardy. johnny out for not again. where was that spirit? at next, england six wickets down and the captain, joe gone, i'll maryland it's expired england collapsing. ireland has the sweetest scent of victory. joe wilson, bbc news. england did wag her a little bit after their dismissal but they resumed tomorrow at one second innings we get left in

the f 191, at one second innings we get left in the f191, ireland and site for a victory, and a very first test match against england, but still, what to do. gary thomas dropped to third overall in the tour de france with two meaningful stages, defending champion 95 seconds overall leader, but, it missed out on narrowing that 93p- but, it missed out on narrowing that gap. and overtaken by his team—mates. simon was watching andy alps. we had pre—mountains, all of them over 2000 metres above sea level and so it was a really tough day for the cyclist and that they climes, a theme is mounting here in terms of tour de france and a history of their race, near the rate, he lost contact, the colombian writer had attacked from that group, and gained some time and at the top, gary thomas countered, forcing an acceleration and an en banc acceleration and an en banc

acceleration when everyone went after him, could not hold the pace, two seconds behind over top of the mountain but such a good defender, he was able to catch them on the dissent, so what it meant was all that they did not game time, they didn't time either, which may have happened had they all got over the top together, good day for another colombian as well. taking the stage on his own, one minute and a half clear. the wolves are playing their first match in europe tonight for nearly a0 years in action with the second round of qualifying for the europa league against the irish winners, it's currently 1— premier league signing the price lead. grant glasgow rangers leading knocking them out two years, that's progress by the goal, a knockout 1—0. aberdeen drew one. that seal your

sport for now, mark coming up later on half past ten. as we heard, the highest temperature today was in cambridge where it got up to 38.1 degrees, but that didn't quite beat the record for the uk. that happened in 2003 in brogdale, near faversham in kent where 38.5 degrees was recorded. 0ur correspondent ian palmer was there today. wind will be sweeter than the beer, they are celebrating their at the moment, this box still has recorded the uk highest summer temperature of 38.5 degrees, let's get a reaction now here from mary, who is a tour guide. what you think about the fact that we think that temperature still here? i'm very excited and today it was raised to that 38.a, 38.5 is the

highest ever recorded temperature here, so we know august ten, 2003, very much helping are going to match that again, it's very important for the tour guides, it's featuring in our tour as well, and we point out to people it's a proper meteorological set up, the readings go down to exeter each day, and it's a significant part of life here, we hold this record and wish to keep it. mb, and so much so, that you get tourists from all over the world. yes people from all over the world come to see as here, and we tell them about the temperature in the records here that we hold, so we wa nt to records here that we hold, so we want to hang onto it. i can see you are very proud about that.|j want to hang onto it. i can see you are very proud about that. i am very proud of us. mary, are you very much

indeed, so that you have it. this box here i suppose in a way, has become rather historic and the highest temperature today verified with 38.1 in cambridgeshire, a little theme moments ago, mary's has been alice to check the box here behind me, and a registered —— alistair, a registered 38.a, just .1 of the south is lower than that 2003 figure. if that is verified as being correct, it'll be a ten o'clock tonight later, this well had been the hottest day injuly in the uk ever recorded. rather keen to keep that title aren't they? the current weather has been driven by high pressure and the jet stream dragging tropical continental air from north africa. but scientists point to the link between extreme weather events and climate change. 0ur science correspondent victoria

gill has spent the day here in kew looking at what we know about that connection. temperatures were among the highest in the uk today here at kew gardens — a scorching 37.7 degrees — so those who braved the sunshine came prepared. and climate scientists are now confident that heatwaves, like the one the uk's currently sweltering through, are more likely and more extreme because of climate change. the fact that we've seen these temperature rises, the baseline temperature has increased by about! degree globally since preindustrial times. and it's that level thatjust means in normal conditions, we'd see heatwave conditions and temperatures around kind of just above average, but you add the extra layer of heat on, that's when we start to break those records. and globally, over the last century, the trend is clear. it has been heating up. the last four years were the warmest ever recorded. for the future, the temperature increase depends on global carbon emissions. current targets that governments

have signed up to to limit those emissions will see a rise of around 3.3 degrees by 2100. under the paris climate agreement — that's the more ambitious deal signed up to by almost 200 countries in 2016 — the aim is to keep that below 1.5 degrees. today, of all days, we've come to the hottest glasshouse in kew gardens, because this is where all the desert—adapted plants live. and even for these plants, they've opened all of the windows, to try and get some ventilation in here. because according to my thermometer, it is now more than 39 degrees in here. and these plants are adapted to the hottest, driest conditions on earth. it's those adaptations that scientists here are studying, in order to work out how we might grow more drought—resista nt plants in the future. these plants are called succulent plants because they've evolved over millions of years to have specialised water—storing tissue. the part in the middle is where the specialised water—storing tissue is located... wow, it's so soggy!

yeah. and you can see how much water there is in there. while the collections here look exotic, they contain plants that could eventually become familiar food crops. days like today tell us that if we carry on doing exactly what we've done in the past, then that's not going to work. so, we're going to have to adapt what we do, and potentially adapt the crops we grow. and so we need to be exploring, we need to be researching, we need to be understanding our options, so that we can change, as climate begins to bite. with the gardens baking in the sun today, the preparation continues for a warmer, more uncertain climate in the future. victoria gill, bbc news, kew gardens. well these extreme temperatures have caused difficulties in homes and in the workplace with many buildings poorly equipped to cope with the heat. if the uk continues to see record breaking summers, will we have to re think the design of our buildings? kevin lomas is professor

of building simulation at loughborough university... thank you forjoining us. how well—equipped are the more modern buildings that had been going up in the country for the last ten years? air—conditioned buildings can manage many of the glitzy office buildings of the air condition, but when it the problem areas are that medium rise flats that we are building in the middle of london and another city, which i rather poorly equipped for coping with high conditions and tend to overheat terribly and in the heatwave. what sort of changes that might we have to make to particularly new buildings that no doubt are going to have to be billed to the next few years. what we want to the next few years. what we want to try and deal, is and then they

design. perhaps regulations pushing back so that they can stay co mforta ble back so that they can stay comfortable in the middle of summer of without the need for air conditioning, which would put a load on the electricity system and exacerbate global warming so what we need to do is think more carefully about initiating, especially on the outside of the building to stop some coming and, thinking about ventilation so we can ventilate buildings like at night, when it's a ca re buildings like at night, when it's a care manner, so people did not feel threatened by insecurity, and also to design out sources of internal heat generation and many of these blocks of flats, there's hot water pumped around continually to provide hot water for people who need for showers, which can build up the heat inside the building. how sure can we be and changing regulations to allow the amendment he described?” be and changing regulations to allow the amendment he described? i think,

i think committee on climate change has been whining the uk government about they need to bring an some measures to drive changes to the buildings, since about 201a. and i think there are moves under way to try and think about how the building regulations might evolve, such that we are designing to combat the risk of overheating, but not putting undue extra cost on the construction industry. is someone lives in a flat our house and they are feeling like faint in the heat, what changes and adaptations can they make to try to ease that temperature? of course, ideally, you want to try and call the building down at night by ventilating at that than during the daytime, close the blinds and shadows, so to keep out the sign, and when it's actually hotter outside than inside, which it's been

today, when i consider my house, then you need to shut the windows so then you need to shut the windows so the hot air doesn't come in. so the combination at the shading, and that ventilating in the correct way. and you can look after your body perhaps by blowing air across the skin with afan ordrinking by blowing air across the skin with a fan or drinking water to keep you hydrated as your body pressed buyers, and... moves slowly as well we do that and where like clothing. it's like a snail today, professor, thank you forjoining us today. it's notjust humans who are affected by extreme temperatures but of course animals too. andrew plant has been to bristol zoo to find out how they're getting on. karenjones is karen jones is an karenjones is an nurse, thank you for joining karenjones is an nurse, thank you forjoining us. which of the animals that are suffering the most at the

moment? all the animals will be suffering in the heat, more so than plant —based. . . but suffering in the heat, more so than plant —based... but all animals... so it's important we keep animals nice and cold. is a better indoors or outdoors? when you taken it for what you need to be doing them in the coolest time of the day, expressing in the morning or last at night. stick to shaded areas. see you are not in direct sunlight. take an easy pace that they are not running around too much in creating receipt. even in home, had plenty of fa ns receipt. even in home, had plenty of fans around, keep your pets cool with plenty of water to drink because you will need it. with

little animals, keep them in shaded areas and not in direct sunlight. tell us quickly about the pavement tested for going out for a walk around the block. yes, so what we face place your hand on that payment forfour face place your hand on that payment for four seconds, if it's too hot to faith -- for four seconds, if it's too hot to faith —— for your hand and it's too hot for your pet pause, it's up it's not hot for you, they cannot walk on it. the pads on their feet will be injured. karen jones, thank you very much for that. apology for the sound quality on the interview. for teenage boys have been subject —— had been convicted of that hate

crime after attacking these two and then when they refuse to kiss. they we re then when they refuse to kiss. they were treated in hospitalforfacial injuries. the boys aged between 15-17 injuries. the boys aged between 15—17 idea to appear in court next month. let's return to borisjohnson's first full day as prime minister well one of mrjohnson's first acts was to guarentee the rights of eu citizens living in the uk but that's already caused problems within his own party with some insisting it requires a change in the law something borisjohnson's team disputes. they joined now by theyjoined now by nigel edwards chief executive for the trust, an independent think tank, thank you very much forjoining us, i want to be we are waiting to get some proper detailfrom i want to be we are waiting to get some proper detail from the i want to be we are waiting to get some proper detailfrom the prime minister, when at the ibs is a volu nta ry minister, when at the ibs is a voluntary opt out system where you contribute towards the cost of perhaps a policy. what's the feasibility of something like that.

no other developed country starting at its social care system uses that because the problem is if you allow people to opt out, they opt out. the real crux of it as he put money together it would like the nhs, and that's the system used in germany france netherlands and france and i'm afraid he's doing something they already know doesn't work. how did those countries organise it then? you basically have social insurance system, which they tend to be not—for—profit companies or corporations collecting money from employers and employees, you are compelled tojoin, employers and employees, you are compelled to join, if you own a sum of money you cannot enjoin a private scheme, but you are required to have insurance, and the principle here is the risk of social care is quite unpredictable, but when you have to use a pen that's very high, it works well to have insurance but not well if you let people not contribute or

t if you let people not contribute or opt out and decide to perhaps take a risk there —— they don't need. dipping as a policy that's in your name that would mean that you would draw against it if you needed it so how does that work if you've got a large number of people who might not like the cover or they can't afford the coverage they need? that's the problem, so if you can afford to self—insure, you might not bother to contribute and there is a large number of people that can get a little and that's why these countries have a principle of sharing their risk between the poor and the rich and the old and the young. another issue is that it does look a bit like that intergenerational transfer of wealth. in which older people are going to be paid for by current employees, i would keep doing that i think there is a question of how feasible that is, in other countries

say it's you may need to painted this as well, because we should've solved this problem a0 years ago because he hadn't, we a whole generation of people my age and above who have not been paying in to the insurance and will start to claim from it, so he's going to pay a price for the failure of the british government to address the problem in the last 30 or so years. why not pay my tax and cover it that way like we do it nhs? tax is one way like we do it nhs? tax is one way of doing it, social insurance companies have a tradition of using employment and insurance, and tax also works in spain has a more tax based system, it's the same principle. you have to get everyone paying in, this is the size of product that they tried it to salad people don't want to buy it because first of all they don't appreciate they might need it, and it's a very long way in the future, so i'm

surprised that's unsurprisingly the way human beings think, does not sell, and that's why governments across europe and the world i'm afraid i have to resort to a form of insurance. nigel, thank you. the shortlist was announced earlier for the mercury prize competing for accolades. the panel of judges includes the wrapper storms eat, winning album will be announced in september so let's look at the 12 who have been shortlisted. (music). music.

join now by lee is that, that music channel is, quite a broad range, —— lisa, if that part of the course for the mercury prize? sonically it is a broad range which had —— it always is, but what you said about the political angle, a lot of them are making political statements and quite hard hitting lyrics, and that's great for the mercury. because i would say by nine times out of ten you look at the mercury

list and wonder but they had in common and what the plaintiff it is, but this time it really is about catching the zeitgeist of 2019 and does great albums on there and that excitement about a. how prestigious ofan excitement about a. how prestigious of an award is it these days? like? how prestigious is it?|j of an award is it these days? like? how prestigious is it? i think you may have lost prestige a little bit because we weren't really sure what it's for, as the success a leg up to new artists, some it is done a strange album because it keeps changing, slightly lost its prestige because in the early days someone would win it and if it was a leg up, eve ryo ne would win it and if it was a leg up, everyone would know their name but it's not so much now. could you pick out some names and tell us what you think of the ones and the lines would like to? well, i think the favourite is going to be psychodrama, it's a fantastic album, it's a 21—year—old londoner and talking about what it's like growing up talking about what it's like growing

up in south london and what it means to be black in today's world and the experiences about being in and out of prison, and at such an eloquent storyteller very insightful and not super pop like storm z but it's still very accessible so i think that'll be the favourite, and another political line is slow time, which is quite, it's a bit mix of rap and punk, and that's very good fun and has a good sense of humour. women are fairly represented on the list to. they're not that represent that represented i need my favourite i would like to see dave when her little sins, who was another wrapper, it's kind of a golden age for british rap, it's never been nice asked successful or influential, and yet, you have storm zat influential, and yet, you have storm z at glastonbury. and that does not like any visible end and really i mean there are lots of them never

working hard but you don't see them, and a little sins has an album called grey area, which is fantastic, it's really good fun and it reminds me a little bit of missy elliott, but very british, and i think if she wants to win, it would open the doors for lack of female british rapper is to follow so she would be a good win for me. so, what are the panel who put the list together missing in your view of? if there's anything, there's something missing from this you would like to see? good question, ithink it's missing from this you would like to see? good question, i think it's a really good list actually, people will say oh there's talking to guys and even bay are political songs about grenfell tower and immigration, so if you're looking for a metal album or folk immigration, so if you're looking for a metal album orfolk album, you're probably left looking, but i think it's a good list, lots of young exciting artists on there, and

for once, seems to be a point to it, it's definitely going to be someone who is very 2019i think. it's definitely going to be someone who is very 2019! think. gives me a list to work my way through i can tell you. be that time i. -- lisa. —— lisa. type your wedding with chris. hello, we have seen certainly extreme temperatures across europe, at all because but his area of blood pressure pulling apart air from spain, working man —— france moving at the price of netherlands and belgium the west and across our shores as well, temperature record set, and international temperature records in germany, netherlands and belgium. as faras records in germany, netherlands and belgium. as far as here in the uk, we have seen the highestjuly temperature ever, temperature is at 38.1 celsius in cambridgeshire, but further revisions could be there, we think it's the second highest recorded in the ukjust think it's the second highest

recorded in the uk just four tenths away from the all—time record. i think we would've smashed that record where if not for this cloud that drifted across eastern england and back to stop temperatures rising several attempts of a degree. the focus now is shifting from hot weather to the big thunderstorms, which are breaking out right now and across england and wales storms continue to move north and east, overnight reaching scotland as well. they could bring localise flash flooding and lots of lightning as well. it'll be a very warm night for sleeping, temperatures 11 o'clock, but 26 degrees and norwich, so uncomfortable night ahead. heading into friday we see a change in the picture, more cloud, signing spouse but sarah's develop and fund her across eastern areas in particular temperatures coming down in many areas but another pretty hot day, temperatures reach high 20s, but otherwise comfortably we see

temperatures into the low and mid 20s. this weekend weather front moving in, very happy and slow moving in, very happy and slow moving with the rain thunderstorms next and meaning we could see localised flooding issues this weekend with the rain heavy and long lived across scotland northern england, but probably across well since southwest england with the best of dry weather and spells of sunshine and where there —— feels pleasa ntly warm sunshine and where there —— feels pleasantly warm and every night it'll be comfortable for sleeping saturday night and same for sunday night as well, whether frank continues to bring heavy downpour, we could see a few more problems farming through the weekend.

hello, i'm kasia madera, this is 0utside source. europe is gripped by a second heatwave, with temperatures reaching record highs. the eu tells borisjohnson there's no new deal to be done on brexit — as britain's new prime minister throws down the gauntlet to brussels. todayis today is the first day of a new approach which will and with our accent approach which will and with our a cce nt of approach which will and with our accent of the eu from the 31st of 0ctober. 116 migrants have been reported missing, feared to have died in a shipwreck off the libyan coast. and we'll have the latest from puerto rico where people are celebrating the resignation of the governor following