this is bbc news. the headlines at 11:00pm: eating less meat to help save the planet — the un says switching to a plant—based diet could help slow down global warming. the choice between broccoli and ribs on your plate actually has a real link to the level of global warming that we are likely to see. a man's been charged with attempted murder tonight after a police officer was stabbed in a frenzied machete attack in east london. what's machete attack in east london. this thing here? the prime minister promises to fast track visas for top scientists coming to britain as he says he's confident a deal can be done with the eu. there is every possibility that the eu- there is every possibility that the eu — for the eu to show flexibility.

i'm hoping they will. a special report from inside kashmir in lockdown — cut off since sunday after india removed its special status. the anger inside isn't really spilling out onto the streets as we have seen happen before in kashmir. the reason for that is people aren't able to communicate and the tight security deployment. it's exactly 50 years since the beatles walked across that zebra crossing in abbey road for their seminal album cover. and at 11:30pm we'll be taking another look at the papers with our reviewers rachel cunliffe from city am and joe twyman from deltapoll uk.

good evening. welcome to bbc news. a major united nations report on land use and climate change says we should all be eating less meat and making ourdiets more pla nt—based. the un experts at the ipcc say we're consuming too many meat and diary products in the west and it's helping to fuel global warming. but their new report stops short of saying people should become vegetarian or vegan. here's our science editor david shukman explains. a wall of dust smothers the parched fields of oklahoma. the planet is heating up, which may make it harder to grow the food we need, just as the world's population keeps increasing. there'll be 2 billion more of us by the middle of the century. and at the same time, up to a third of all food is wasted. and as it rots, it releases gases that raise temperatures even more.

and this exacerbates climate change... the un climate panel highlights these challenges in a major new report into how we're damaging the land we depend on — and what that means for the future. we see very high risks, and that becomes incredibly scary, not just for the public, but for us as individuals and scientists, and the question is, what can we do to avoid those risks and build a betterfuture? the first step, the scientists say, would be to see an end to clearing forests like the amazon. as we reported last month, the trees store huge amounts of carbon, but they're being felled to make way for cattle. and because the animals generate a lot of methane, a warming gas, the report says that eating less meat and more plants would really help. so what we choose to put on our plate helps define what the carbon footprint and the level of greenhouse gases is in the atmosphere, so that choice between broccoli

and ribs on your plate actually has a real link to the level of global warming that we're likely to see. the report suggests that we have to come up with clever new ways of producing food and of using land if we're to have any chance of avoiding the most dangerous impacts of climate change. and it's very clear that switching to renewables on their own won't be enough. at this research farm in the netherlands, a glimpse of a possible future — with a robot working a field. this is the view from the machine, spotting weeds in the crop. and planting everything in strips limits the spread of pests and the need to spray. up the road, a dairy farm that's floating in rotterdam. it means the cows can be milked where consumers live, cutting the need for transport, which means fewer emissions. and there's the same kind of idea in nigeria.

this farmer is in the city of abuja. this food is grown in the city where it's eaten. urban agriculture like this can be more environmentally friendly. another option is being tested on cattle near reading. the feed includes an additive which reduces the methane the animals produce when they burp. farmers leaders say their target for cutting emissions is ambitious. we as the national farmers union we have called and said that agriculture is up for delivering net zero by 2040 with a willing government. so we really feel that we can achieve that target and it's really looking at climate—friendly farming. the teenage campaigner greta thunberg was in geneva to thank the climate scientists for their work. she says her diet is vegan and she told me attitudes towards climate change seem to depend on age. it feels like many older people feel like, "why should i care about this?" "this is not going to affect me as much."

but young people feel more like it is going to affect them. wind tears away precious soil from the fields. the more the land is degraded, the less it can absorb carbon from the air, and the more temperatures will rise. david shukman, bbc news, in geneva. a man has been charged with attempted murder after a police officer was stabbed in a frenzied machete attack as he tried to stop a van in east london. 56—year—old muhammad rodwan is also charged with possessing an offensive weapon. the police officer, who's 28, is recovering in hospital after he sustained multiple injuries. our special correspondent lucy manning's report begins with footage from the attack you may find distressing. it's all so quick... from the van, a man leaps out with a machete and is tasered. hold him down! the officer who has been stabbed is on his knees, but after tasering him, he is still restraining the man.

the machete, on the pavement. you right? i need an ambulance now! i've been stabbed! call 999! moments after, blood pouring from the officer's stab wounds, backup has arrived, and colleagues bandage his head. this was east london in the early hours of the morning. the weapon can be seen carried by another officer. you see that machete there? the man in his 50s is pinned to the ground. he's alleged to have stabbed the policeman a number of times. mohammed faisal saw what happened from his window. the officer was lying on the floor, facing upwards. his clothes were torn apart and they were putting next to him, the taser gun was just next to him, as well. and someone, sitting on his head side, was actually trying to stop the bleeding, because

there was a lot of blood on the street over there. the guyjust came and attacked the police officer. it was pretty terrifying. the other officer was crying. everyone's carrying knives and things like this — it's getting out of hand. the injured officer is recovering in hospital. he is seriously injured, but stable. a routine attempt to stop a van turned into a vicious attack. frenzied, unprovoked, shocking. a violent struggle ensues where he produces a weapon and stabs our officer in the head and around the body, and also, during the struggle, the officer managed to get his taser and deploy it, which stops the incident. officers not only having to tackle the rising knife crime, but also facing more attacks themselves. obviously, what this underscores, for me, is the bravery of our police. people who actually go

towards danger to keep us safer. sympathies are obviously with the officer and his family. but also what it shows to me is the vital importance of investing in policing. blood is still visible on the pavement. the officer, lucky that he is one of the ones equipped with a taser and was able to use it. the law has been tightened so that anyone assaulting a police officer is nowjailed for a year rather than six months, but this was a much more serious attack, that police are facing more frequently. 30,000 officers were attacked in england and wales last year — 4,000 more than the previous one. the reality of the danger the police face. lucy manning, bbc news. a teenager has appeared at the old bailey accused of attempted murder after a 6—year—old boy was allegedly thrown from a viewing platform at the tate modern gallery in london. the boy from france was visiting london with his family. he's now in a stable condition in hospital after falling five storeys. the 17—year—old will go on trial in february.

the prime minister has warned mps to get on and deliver brexit by the end of october and he called on the eu to "show common sense" on a brexit deal. speaking to the bbc, borisjohnson also announced plans to develop a new fast—track visa system to attract top scientists from across the world. here's our political correspondent ben wright. oh, i've got it. trying to grapple with something very complicated — brexit will bring a shake—up of the immigration system, and visiting labs inventing energies of the future, borisjohnson said visas for the sharpest science and engineering minds would be fast—tracked. we're going to turn the uk, as it were, into a kind of supercharged magnet, drawing scientists, like iron filings, from around the world to help push forward projects like this, in which we can not only take a scientific lead but a commercial lead, as well. this sort of research is expensive.

the eu has funded a lot of it, and there have been warnings from within the sector a no—deal brexit would be damaging. obviously, we don't want a no—deal brexit, we're working for a deal, but be in no doubt that the uk will continue under any circumstances to collaborate in great scientific projects. the circumstances of britain's departure from the eu remain totally uncertain. if borisjohnson decides to go for a no—deal brexit, many mps here are determined to try and stop him. what you have is the rather absurd sight of a prime minister who, in 2016, posed as a champion of parliamentary democracy, turning, in 2019, into some kind of dictator. parliament will not stand for it. we have the mechanisms available to stop no—dealfrom happening. every mp should work to make sure that happens. borisjohnson wants to get a new brexit deal agreed with the eu but is braced for an autumn battle with parliament if he can't and the government tries to leave the eu without any agreement.

can you guarantee that you will not seek to bypass parliament to get a no—deal brexit through? what mps should do is honour the mandate of the people and leave the eu on october the 31st, and that is what... but, mrjohnson, you know that mps do not want a no—deal brexit, there will be a confidence vote, they may well try and force you to resign, orforce you to hold a general election. do you simply plan to dig into number 10? colleagues in the house of commons can see that if we are to restore trust in our democracy, faith in politics, faith in the ability of politicians to deliver on their promises, then we have to leave the eu on october the 31st. a few weeks ago, you said the chance of a no—deal brexit was a million to one — do you still think that? i think that if there is common sense and if there is goodwill on the part of our friends and partners, which i assume that there is, then that's absolutely right. your strategy is to wait for the eu to blink, and if they don't, it's a no—deal? there is every possibility

for the eu to show flexibility, there's bags of time for them to do it, and i'm confident they will. so we're another day closer to brexit, there is no new deal, little sense from the prime minister here in oxfordshire that he's urgently trying to negotiate one, and the stand—off with the eu continues. ben wright, bbc news. joining me now from westminster is our political correspondentjessica parker. what else has been said about holding a general election around the brexit date? an intervention not from boris johnson but his defect though deputy? —— to facto? johnson but his defect though deputy? -- to facto? dominic rubbers the globe, trying to drum up as he would probably put it, new it, new friendships, new relationships, to help forwards a new post brexit britain with trade deals and he is talking about what will happen come october 31 smacked dominik raab, and who might be to blame for a

potential no—deal brexit. let's have a listen to what he has been saying. if the position from the eu is that the withdrawal agreement can't be changed, whether add—ons or subtractions, then, let's face it, they will be taking the decision to see the uk leave on no deal terms and that is the responsibility they would have to bear. we would like a deal, but the backstop in its current form is undemocratic and something that will have to be removed. so you can hear there the foreign secretary speaking in mexico, dominic raab trying to put the blame on the european union saying that, if they don't change the withdrawal agreement, remove the backstop, that controversial arrangement to keep the iris border free and flowing, then it will be

theirfault if we free and flowing, then it will be their fault if we end free and flowing, then it will be theirfault if we end up in a no deal situation. i'm theirfault if we end up in a no dealsituation. i'm pretty theirfault if we end up in a no deal situation. i'm pretty sure brussels would see it differently. the withdrawal agreement in their view is something that they didn't just make up on their own, it was something they negotiated with the previous government, theresa may's government in good faith and it was a document that was hardfought, hard negotiated on over many, many months. but i think the uk's government perspective now, with a new person injudges look, this deal has been rejected three times, it won't get through parliament and the eu will have to think again. and as ben was saying in his piecejust eu will have to think again. and as ben was saying in his piece just a moment ago, there is a stand—off which we've seeing all summer since borisjohnson took over which we've seeing all summer since boris johnson took over and obviously we are approaching now, through august, that september three date where parliament will resume and mps will return from the summer recess and it looks like it is going to be quite a showdown because if it is still the case that borisjohnson is still the case that borisjohnson is to say well, we haven't got a deal yet, come hell or high water we will be living on october 31, you will be living on october 31, you will no deal and we are getting ready for that situation, you can bet your bottom dollar, many mps will do everything they can to try

and stop him. the headlines on bbc news: eating less meat to help save the planet. the un says switching to a plant—based diet could help slow down global warming. a man has been charged with attempted murder tonight after a police officer was stabbed in a frenzied machete attack in east london. the prime minister promises to fast—track visas for top scientists coming to britain, as he says he is confident a deal can be done with the eu. it was 50 years ago today that the beatles walked across a zebra crossing near their recording studio in north london. a photgrapher captured the moment and one of those pictures became the cover for their abbey road album, the last time the four musicians played together. it became an iconic album sleeve.

well, we can speak now to kosh, who was the creative director of the beatles' abbey road album. he took the then—controversial decision to not put the band's name or the title on the album front cover, and i'm delighted to say that he joins us now live from los angeles. welcome to bbc news. happy anniversary. thank you, thank you so much for letting me be here. yes, because it is 50 years ago today. i really can't believe that. here it is. and ian mcmillan did take the pictures. they were 12, actually. forgive me. on the late box that we would go through. but we didn't really realise at the time that this was going to be an album cover. it was going to be an album cover. it was more like, you know, a publicity session that we put together in no time whatsoever. so the fact that it

became an icon is, like, pretty amazing if you think about it. it's, like, oh, this is probably the most parodied of all album covers in the world, and i love it. i wasjust looking online earlier, and you say it has become iconic, so iconic, that people can buy it notjust as an album, but on canvas and in all kinds of different forms. presumably at the time, when us winding down at the lightbox trying to choose which of these images you are looking for, 0k, it of these images you are looking for, ok, it was the beatles, but in a sense there was nothing special about it. there were hundreds and hundreds of photographs of the fab four. yes, there were, but wherever the fab four went there were photographs. i was very privileged to be the recipient of all these pictures that were coming in. and then sort of having to sit down and decide, other beatles instep? are they not instep? do they look good, with their beards? so yes, there was a massive amount of stuff that we could have used for this particular

album. but this one seemed to say at all, and this is why we decided there was no point putting the name of the beatles on the cover, because if you didn't know who they were you lived in a cave, you know? if you didn't know, there was no point trying to tell you. the other thing that struck me about it is how the image has been picked apart and was being picked apart even relatively early on. i mean, there is this curious story that started at the time, andi curious story that started at the time, and i think they only finally put it to bed a year later by doing an interview with paul mccartney, that paul mccartney was dead and that paul mccartney was dead and that this was some kind of double that this was some kind of double that had been substituted. it was all down to the fact that he had bare feet and he appeared to be smoking in the picture from the wrong hands. there was a lot of mileage coming out of this. the volkswagen had the license plate that said 28 if, which people assume that said 28 if, which people assume that paul would be 28 if he still survive. but i can tell you a very

funny story, and you may have to believe it. it is late in the night here, don't worry. you are among grown—ups. here, don't worry. you are among grown-ups. because the head of apple records at the time, and a friend of mine, actually phoned paul, who was in the south of france, to say there are stories that you have died. and paul said, lock off, are stories that you have died. and paulsaid, lock off, and hung up are stories that you have died. and paul said, lock off, and hung up on him. i apologise to anyone who was offended by that. you did warn us. but we may be able to believe it, but that is live television. just in terms of the story, about why you selected... because presumably when you are a creative director, particularly at the time in the late 19605, particularly at the time in the late 1960s, was to kind of have very fla m boya nt 1960s, was to kind of have very flamboyant album covers, lots of bright covers, lots of wacky things, we had had the peter blake with the sergeant pepper ‘s, and so on. we had had the peter blake with the sergeant pepper 's, and so on. of course, sargent opened the doors. i

was not used to working with that kind of flamboyance. i was very much a kind of minimalist, and you saw that in the war is over campaign withjohn that in the war is over campaign with john and yoko. that in the war is over campaign withjohn and yoko. i was keeping things very quiet and clean. myjob was communications. if somebody went by on was communications. if somebody went byona was communications. if somebody went by on a bus you could read it immediately and you didn't have to diagnose it. when you actually open an album like sergeant pepper, and you have time to roll a joint, smoke and read all the lyrics, butjohn liked the idea that i was such a clea n liked the idea that i was such a clean designer. so you went for literally presenting the photograph, pretty much untreated than, on the... we did a little messing around, because the sky was a little grey, it needed some enhancement. a little bit of blue would help it a bit. these were the days before computers and photoshop, so it was all done with airbrushes, you know. very, very time—consuming.

all done with airbrushes, you know. very, very time-consuming. yes, there is a lot to it. but we also had to do it in two days, because that was the deadline. and let's assume that we started on tuesday, but the deadline was going to be thursday, you can imagine the rush. and that is one of the problems that occurred, is because i then got the phone call from sirjoseph lockwood, who was the chairman of emi at the time, he owned the company, with a real string of invective, and i am not going to use the words, but a very posh accent. you probably didn't understand some of the words he was using anyway! well, i did, because i come from the streets of london. i certainly understood the words, you know? but he had this sort of, like, accent which made it even worse. so i am sort of, like, accent which made it even worse. so i am in sort of, like, accent which made it even worse. so i am in a sort of, like, accent which made it even worse. so i am in a position now where i am, like, being sort of accuse that i am... the beatles are finished because i didn't put their name on it. ah! and i am 21, 22, i

am very, very young, and i am very scared, and i had to go into apple records the next morning and sort of explain what happened. and luckily and very unusually, george harrison was in the office ahead of me, and i explained what had happened with sir joseph lockwood, and that was the end of that. and they sold, what, 26,000,003 days? i don't know. and you never apologised. no. it is a real pleasure to speak with you. thank you so much for the choice you made all those years ago. —— 26 million in three days. pleasure to speak to you, happy anniversary. kosh was creative director responsible for the album which is known as the beatles' abbey road album. more people than ever before

are waiting for routine operations in england like hip and knee replacements. there were more than 4 million people on a waiting list injune. that is a record. figures also show that accident and emergency attendances last month were the highest they have been since records began. nhs england says the heatwave was one factor, but overall demand has also increased. our health editor hugh pym reports. les has been running pet businesses in devon, but work got more and more difficult as he struggled with pain from his hip, which needed a replacement. that should have happened in months, but he waited for more than a year before finally he managed to get it done on the nhs. the date kept getting put back and put back and put back, and that was unacceptable to me, and i'm sure it is to many other people as well. operations like that can be delayed because beds are taken up by patients needing urgent care. at this major london hospital, the chief executive has an overview of all the pressures across the system. hospitals are very full,

which is very remarkable for a july and august month. altogether, i think it is a reflection of a system that's under severe pressure, where demand is much higher than available capacity. the stifling heat in many areas last month contributed to record numbers going to a&e departments in england — nearly 2.3 million. emergency department consultants argue there are many factors behind the increase. i think the heatwave has had some small impact, there is no doubt. but actually, overall, if you look at the trends, the trends clearly show that unfortunately we seem to be going backwards in terms of being able to maintain decent levels of system performance, and that's a real cause of concern. the four—hour target for patients being treated or assessed in a&e was missed again. england's performance was behind scotland, but ahead of wales and northern ireland. there has been a series

of government health announcements for england this week, and a spokesperson highlighted the latest funding commitment for hospital buildings and equipment. but, in some senses, the latest figures are a reality check on the state of the nhs. as you can see, it can be quite strenuous, this, but i wouldn't have been able to do this previously. for les, having the hip operation has made a huge difference to his work and everyday life. the change it has made to my quality of life is inestimable, and if i hadn't had it done, i would still be waiting now. more than 500,000 people in england are enduring long waits for surgery, and the number is rising month by month. hugh pym, bbc news. the indian prime minister, narendra modi, has defended his government's decision to remove kashmir‘s special status. he said its removal would benefit not only the people of kashmir, but all of india. india and pakistan, two nuclear—armed powers, claim kashmir in its entirety, but each controls part of the territory.

pakistan has said the removal of special status breaches international law, but its foreign minister said they are not looking at a military response. our correspondent yogita limaye is one of the few international journalists in kashmir. she sent this report from srinagar, which has been in lockdown since sunday. kashmir is a fortress. tens of thousands of indian soldiers line its streets and highways. police vans announcing there is a curfew in place do the rounds. boys raising anti—india slogans are chased away. and there are checkpoints everywhere. we're asked for ids and curfew passes, and after some convincing, we're allowed to go ahead.

because of the environment of fear, it has been hard to speak to kashmir‘s people. so, away from the eyes of the security forces, we have come into the small lanes of old srinagar. in a one—room home, we meet an elderly couple. with phone lines cut off, television has been their only source of information. "modi has done what he wanted to do but he has left us to die," this woman tells me as she breaks down. translation: what india has done, it's done for itself, not for us. they've smothered us. they've destroyed us. their son overhears our conversation and joins in. "how are we free?", he asks. "this is worse than being injail." outside, people are curious, asking for information, telling us how angry they are. what you are seeing here,

stones strewn across the street, signs that a protest took place here earlier. clashes like these have been breaking out here in srinagar, and in parts of southern kashmir, as well. but the anger inside isn't really spilling out onto the streets, as we have seen happen before in kashmir. the reason for that is that people are not able to communicate with each other, and because of the tight security deployment. when the soldiers begin to withdraw in the evening, a few stone pelters come out. what will happen when the curfew is lifted is the question on everyone's minds. today, prime minister modi addressed the nation, defending his government's decision. there are parts of the region where people are welcoming his words, but here, they have lost faith in indian democracy. yogita limaye, srinagar, bbc news. the italian deputy prime minister

and league party leader, matteo salvini, has called for a snap election, saying his party's differences with its coalition partners cannot be patched up. mr salvini, whose party is well ahead in the opinion polls, said a failed attempt in the senate by the five star movement to stop plans for a high—speed rail link showed that the coalition could no longer command a majority. the duke and duchess of cambridge went head—to—head in the kings cup yachting regatta today, but were both beaten at the isle of wight race by adventurer bear grylls. kate was handed a wooden spoon for coming last in the event, which she took in good spirit. meanwhile, princess charlotte made the crowd erupt with laughter when she stuck her tongue out at photographers, and prince george was all smiles for the occasion. although he didn't quite have all he once had to smile with. all he will be wanting for christmas this year

is this two front teeth.