the headlines: cardinal george pell,t he most senior catholic cleric to be found guilty of child sexual abuse, has lost an appeal in australia against his convictions. the former vatican treasurer was jailed for six years in march for abusing two choir boys in a cathedral in melbourne in the 1990s. a record number of wildfires have raged across the amazon this year, 70,000 have already been detected and concern is growing over the environment policies of brazil's president jair bolsonaro. the surge is an 83% increase on last year's figures. farmers‘ unions in the uk are warning that a no—deal brexit will cause severe disruption. the minister for environment, food and rural affairs has said the government will support the farming sector through what he calls "short term turbulence". the mayor of london says

the best time to tackle violent crime is before it starts. on tuesday, sadiq khan announced extra funding for community groups that work with young people. a0 organisations in high crime areas will benefit, but some say it's nowhere near enough. caroline davies reports. a rts arts and craft class with a visitor. he chose this visit to announce that he plans to invest 1.4 million into community groups to help stop knife crime. there is a link between young people not having construct give things to do, deprived areas, youth services are closed down, and the increase in syrians violent crime. this would not be one of the groups to receive the funding but there will be 30 others that wheel. it comes from the london violence reduction unit. there has been

criticism they may could have found my money if he cut his budget in other areas. he has a huge amount of waste, his being doctors, spending it on of those issue rather than front—line policing. it on of those issue rather than front-line policing. the mayor says that this is one part of the solution. trying to stop knife crime before it claims more life. now on bbc news: our world. in northern europe's lapland, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world, threatening the livelihood of its indigenous sami people. lapland is europe's great last wilderness. it stretches across norway, sweden, finland and russia, north of the arctic circle. the far north of finland is the home of the sami, europe's only indigenous people, who still live off the land.

but the life of the sami people is changing. climate change is affecting the arctic more than any other part of the earth. you can't rely on that you know how nature acts or how animals act because everything seems to be changing. the melting ice is opening up opportunities for shipping routes and there is talk of a new railway. it's the worst nightmare we are facing at the moment. which could threaten the sami people's way of life. how can you put a price target for a culture? we have come to lapland to talk to sami women about the challenges they face. nature gives if we give back. we can't just take.

anna comes from a family of sami reindeer herders who still make a living off the land. it's the start of the calving season and anna is checking up on the reindeer with a finish elective. the reindeer are about to give birth. these are extra feed pellets needed for the mother reindeer.

so that they are in good condition. eero is the herder of this fence here. female reindeer have antlers during the winter and during the spring so they can chase away the male ones from good food places, places where the reindeer moss is growing. these reindeer are female and they are about to give birth in a couple of days, some in a couple of weeks. they are so beautiful.

reindeer herds roam free in lapland but when it's calving time, and anna's family fences them in to make sure the reindeer get enough food before the calves are born. over the centuries, sami people have made a living from reindeer herding. it's still a key part of their culture but now, fewer than 10% of them are involved in it. reindeer herding is getting much harder. normally, there would be a lot more snow on the ground in the forest at this time of the year. but the climate is changing and it's threatening the family's heard. usually winter came in the end of october and now it can be in december.

during the winter, there can be really warm periods that get the snow to melt. winter should be approximately nine months of the year and now it's maybe six months. temperatures in the winter fluctuate a lot more than they did in the past which is making it more difficult for reindeer to find food. usually, reindeer can dig through any amount of snow. so whether it's two metres, it can smell the reindeer moss and find itand dig it but when the snow melts, then this food, the basic best food of reindeer, this reindeer moss, freezes, the reindeer can't dig it. they can't even smell it through the ice. that's starvation then. starvation means the reindeer herder

has to take extra food. and of course, then it affects the income of reindeer herder. the number of reindeer herders is decreasing in finland. over the last 20 years, it has declined by almost half. now there are fewer than 5,000. many find it difficult to cope with the huge amount of unpredictability and reindeer herding posed by the changing climate. you can't rely on what used to know about winter, our winters are. you can't rely on how nature acts or how animals are, because everything seems to be changing. people who live from the nature, sami people over here, have adapted and adapted over decades, almost centuries, i'd say.

life here has always changed. but then we are reaching the point where these changes are not such things that you can add up to. people don't feel safe anymore and that starts to affect their mental health. 100km from anna's reindeer, in the far north—eastern corner of finland, close to the russian border, heini lives in a very remote house. the nearest supermarket is 90km away. most sami people in northern lapland live in places like this and they are very much connected to their natural environment.

we built this house ourselves and i think log house itself is eco—friendly. we heat the house with wood but we do have running water and electricity, like in any other house. we are no eco—warriors, we are just ordinary people who wants to do our best. in early spring, heini and herfamily drink birchjuice. she usually start tapping the trees in may. but this year, for the first time, the juice was ready in april. we get winter very late. it can be december that we get permanent snow. for instance, this february, spring comes very early so we have shorter winters.

here are photos of my family. here are my grandmothers. and here is my great—grandfather. he is ice fishing here. he is doing traditional ice fishing. heini is an artisan. she makes a living by teaching traditional sami handicrafts. what i'm making here is a saamcic. it's a married women's hat. when women get married, she will have this crown for herself. it is as a crown. the saamcic is the most the most difficult handicraft i have tried and this is truly, truly very difficult handicraft.

traditionally, every woman did handicrafts but not this one, because this was special. only some handicraft masters were doing this. heini uses reindeer skin to make shoes. but more rain in the summer has affected her ability to produce them. here are my latest. ijust made this ready, these we were waiting for years in our shed for me to make these ready. this, i made these for myself. they are a little more fancy. the reindeerfur shoes. and these are already too small for my children. here is how we do it. we just, we skin the reindeer legs. then we just put them to dry like this.

this is how it should be. here we can see moulded ones. it tells us that the summers are more wet than those are used to be. five hours' drive to the west, close to the norwegian and swedish borders, alen is a northern sami handicraft master. she is 84 years old and she is visiting her niece to make traditional sami clothes with her.

climate change is damaging traditional sami livelihoods. but that's not the only threat. as temperatures rise and the sea ice melts, there's now the opportunity for a shipping route to open through the arctic.

and plans are being developed for a railway to be built across lapland, threatening to cut through reindeer herding territory. finland's ministry of transport favours the route from rovaniemi, the capital of finnish lapland, along the shore of lake inari, and terminating in kirkenes in norway. supporters say the railway will boost lapland's economy, but the finnish government says no decision has been made on the construction of the railway or its routeing. but the sami parliament is fiercely opposed to the plans. and arctic railway through rovaniemi to kirkenes, through our very heartlands of three different sami language groups in finland would be such infrastructure which will be the end to the sami culture.

we live from the nature and it will cut the reindeer grazing areas into two. there will be more forest logging, for example. it will be transporting oil and gas products from norway and russia. it will bring the mining industry to the sami homeland area in finland. it's the worst nightmare we are facing at the moment, a concrete one. of course, climate change is another one. but it's not as concrete as the arctic railway. heini, the handicrafter, who lives close to the russian border, has found out that a proposal for the arctic railway has been included in the development

plan for finnish lapland. those plans i have seen. so it seems like it would go straight through our house. and my opinion is it would be a genocide. if the plans for the railway are approved, it's likely that heini would be forced to move. it's a painful reminder of the past. heini is a skolt sami. many of her people were forced leave their ancestral homes in russia and resettle in finland in 1944. all these kind of mining plans are our big nightmare here. yeah, we're very afraid of those. that is why skolt samis had to move after the second world war. nazis did want to have this nickel mining in petsamo. we are only few. in finland skolt samis are around 600. and everyone has kind of tried

to work to maintain the culture, keep the language alive. and if we have to do fight against this kind of international greed it takes too much of our time and energy away. everything is only measured by money. but how can you put a price tag for our culture? back in inari, anna is getting ready to go ice fishing. we are trying to put the last hooks in. anna does fishing all year round. and she takes great pride in supplying her family and friends with fresh fish.

now the bait is in the hook. so the weight takes the bait down there in a good depth and this is how it stays. the stick stays there because this is holding or however big pike there will be. and then, well, tomorrow morning i will come and check if there is movement in there. 20 years ago, the lake would freeze over by the end of october. last year, anna had to wait until the middle of december before she could to go on the ice.

and the ice starts melting earlier than it used to in the spring, making it increasingly dangerous to fish. the new conditions, of course, the people need to learn again to get to know them. so some people drown when learning. and that's, of course, a tragedy every time it happens. sami people are people of winter. if the winter disappears it would be really strange, really hard to continue on the cycle of the year that doesn't have the real cycle. if the fishermen will adapt, then maybe the fish won't adapt to warming waters. so my biggest fear is that fish will disappear. 0ne fall, one winter the nets

will start being empty. anna believes that reindeer herding and fishing wouldn't survive if the arctic railway is built and new mines open up in the area. what is the reason for these building plans? it is the greed of people, big companies want to give more profits to their shareholders. we need to be and we have to be active in this fight to save our world, to save our reindeers, to save our clean drinking water and where the fish can

live and this... itisa... it's a trade of, like, both ways. nature gives if we give back. we can't just take. will climate change destroy the forests and the lakes in europe's last great wilderness? willa new industrial railway wipe out sami culture or will it bring jobs and an economic boom to northern lapland ? we don't know. for now the questions remain unanswered.

hello there. it looks like we're going to see a return to some summery weather finally. high pressure establishing itself over the near continent will send southerly winds our way and we'll tap into that warmth, which will be building over the continent. today, though, it looks like we still have some weather fronts, weather systems to contend with, which will bring wet and windy weather, mainly to the north and the west if the uk. you can see this deep area of low pressure slowly making inroads as the day wears on. but we start, for many of us, with higher pressure, plenty of sunshine around this morning. one or two showers will develop ahead of this rain band for northern england into wales and the midlands,

the odd heavier one but it turns wet and windy for northern ireland, much of northern and western scotland. gusts of wind 50, maybe 55mph in exposure and a breezy day further south and east. but better chance of seeing sunshine here with 22 or 23 degrees being the high. during wednesday night, that weather front moves southwards and eastwards, tending to fizzle out as it does so. but patchy rain across central portions of the uk with blustery showers following on behind, generally a clear and a dry night across the south and east. you can see double—figure values for all starting thursday morning. so, warmer than it's been the last few nights. so, we've got a north—south divide on thursday. low pressure to the north, high pressure building to the south. that weak weather front will continue to fizzle out but we'll see further fronts pushing to northern ireland, parts of scotland and northern england through the day thanks to that area of low pressure anchored to the north of scotland. it will be quite windy here, but further south and east,

again, better chance of seeing lighter winds and more sunshine. and we'll start to tap into the warmth on the near continent, 24, maybe 25 degrees, but the high teens further north. now, this area of high pressure really starts to establish itself over the near continent. southerly winds dig in and start to push those weather fronts to the north of the uk. so, there'll be a gradual process on friday where we will see the clouds thinning and breaking and the rain diverted towards the north of scotland. elsewhere, variable cloud, but some good spells of sunshine and we're really tapping into the warmth over the near continent with temperatures in the high 20s celsius in the south and east, even the low 20s further north. into the start of the weekend, it looks like those weather fronts will be away from the uk. so most places should be dry with variable cloud. plenty of sunshine. winds coming to the south or the south—east. a much warmer day for all. the low—to—mid 20s celsius in the north, perhaps high 20s in the south—east, so it's certainly warming up across the board with temperatures probably best across the south and east. it looks like this fine spell will last, for many of us, into next week.

this is bbc news. welcome if you're watching here in the uk, on pbs in america, or around the globe. i'm mike embly. our top stories: australia's cardinal pell will remain injail for child sexual abuse. his appeal is dismissed. by bya by a majority of the 221, the court appeal has dismissed cardinal george pell‘s appeal against his conviction for the commission of sexual offences. wildfires in the amazon at an all—time high — at least 70,000 are blazing across the region, according to new data from brazil's space research agency. syrian rebels are pushed out of a key stronghold as government troops and russian forces keep up their offensive in the north. and farmers in the uk warn that a no—deal brexit