this is bbc news, i'm lukwesa burak. the headlines at 10pm: turkish forces continue to strike targets in north—eastern syria, on the fourth day of their offensive against kurdish forces. two people are killed as typhoon hagibis, the biggest storm to hitjapan in 60 years, makes landfall near tokyo. cheering. a moment of sporting history, as kenyan athlete eliud kipchoge becomes the first person to run a marathon in under two hours. i am the happiest man to run under two hours in order to inspire many people and to tell people no human is limited, you can do it. two members of the public are praised for helping to stop a suspect who stabbed three people in manchester's arndale shopping centre yesterday.

and we'll be taking an in—depth look at the papers with our reviewers joe twyman and yasmin alibhai—brown. good evening and welcome to bbc news. there've been fierce clashes between turkish troops and kurdish militias in northeastern syria. much of the fighting has been in the border area near ras al—ain. turkey claims it's military has entered the town, but the kurdish led syrian democratic forces dispute this. since fighting broke out on wednesday, nearly 50 civilians are believed to have been killed and more than 100,000 people have fled their homes. ankara says it wants to establish

a 20 mile deep buffer zone, across the frontier with syria, to keep out kurdish militias and resettle syrian refugees. from akcakale on the turkish side of the border — our middle east correspondent, martin patience, has sent us this report. despite the growing international pressure, turkey's not backing down. at the border, the build—up continues. as turkey claims it's taking control of a key syrian town. gunfire. allahu akbar. this pro—turkish fighter says they've just entered ras al—ain. almost immediately, there's incoming fire from kurdish fighters. gunfire. allahu akbar. tens of thousands of civilians from the town have already fled. some are now sheltering in this school. how do you explain it to a child?

this boy says he was at school when he heard an air strike nearby. he says the whole class dived under their desks. "there was shelling", says this man. "i had to flee my house in the middle of the night. we didn't know where to go. we walked about six miles. and i'm sick and i don't have any medicine." but turkey's president says his fight is not against the kurdish people. translation: the west and the us all together say to us, "you are killing the kurds." the kurds are our brothers and sisters, our fight is not against the kurds — it is against terrorist organisations.

driven from their homes by the fighting, that's not how these people feel. martin patience, bbc news, on the turkish—syrian border. and martin spoke to us from akca kale earlier. bus—loads of fighters heading towards the border. as you were saying, they have the manpower, they have the weapons. they are, after all, a nato power. most people think it is only a matter of time until these key target towns fall under turkish control. they've already taken a string of villages from kurdish fighters. and we're also hearing news that pro—turkish forces have reached a key highway 20 miles from the turkish border. so today was a day of significant military developments. and despite all the international criticism, president erdogan says this offensive will continue.

well, a little earlier i spoke to wa'el alzayet, who was a senior policy adviser to the us ambassador to the un, samantha power. he told me that washington was now weighing up what measures it could take to rein in the erdogan regime. sanctions could potentially hurt turkey, the turkish economy still has not quite recovered from the crisis that it went through a few years ago. it has been exasperated by tensions with russia, with iran and the ongoing syrian conflict. it could potentially have a devastating impact depending on the scope and the scale of these sanctions. the bigger issue here is that we have now an open conflict, at least in the rhetoric, between and within nato allies. this is extremely problematic from a geostrategic perspective. i can only imagine how happy vladimir putin is currently right now. turkey served as the cornerstone of the transatlantic alliance to withstand soviet expansion

after world war ii. and here we are, we cannot figure out how to assuage the security and political concerns of a nato ally and protect incredibly important counter—isis partners. it's very unfortunate. what's really important for your viewers and listeners to understand is that it did not have to get to this point. in 2014, 2015, there were plenty of opportunities to diversify our support for local counter—isis fighters and the international community, particularly the united states, chose only the ypg, knowing fully well that turkey would never accept them being the main leading force against isis. the biggest storm to hitjapan for 60 years has made landfall, bringing powerful winds and torrential rain to the west coast. millions of people have been urged to leave their homes, ahead of the arrival of typhoon hagibis. from tokyo, rupert

wingfield—hayes reports. this is the hii river near mount fuji. usually it is a clear mountain stream. today, it was turned into a raging, boiling torrent. across central japan, typhoon hagibis has dumped record amounts of rain. 0n the southern side of tokyo, the tama river is now close to bursting point. tens of thousands of people who live along its banks have been ordered to leave their homes. the big dangerfrom these sorts of events is water. water is the thing that can do real damage, both if this river burst its banks, if it causes landslides in the mountains or, of course, when it reaches the sea. as night fell over tokyo, the eye of the storm approached, bringing winds gusting to over 140 kilometres per hour. this is the centre of shibuya, one of the busiest places normally in tokyo on a saturday night.

i don't think i have ever seen it as deserted as it is tonight. in fact, the whole of tokyo is incredibly deserted. the centre of the storm has now passed to the north of the city and it does not appear to have brought the really destructive winds that were first feared. that is good news for everybody — including, of course, rugby fans. today, japan's rugby team had to wade their way onto a sodden field for some last—minute practice. saturday's big match between england and france had to be cancelled. but there is hope that japan will be able to take on scotland on sunday in a match that will decide which team goes through to the knockout stage of the rugby world cup. rupert wingfield—hayes, bbc news, in tokyo. one person died and at least 18 others were injured when the top floors of a new orleans hotel that was under construction collapsed.

the new orleans fire department attended to the incident at the site of a new hard rock hotel that's being built in the downtown distrcit of the city. according to the fire chief, the building is now structurally u nsta ble. three people are still missing. a worker at manchester's arndale shopping centre and a member of the public have been praised for helping to stop a suspect who stabbed three people at the centre yesterday. counter terror police continue to lead the investigation into the attack. a ao—year—old man has been detained under the mental health act. mark edwardson reports. we think first this morning of those recovering from their injuries. at the arndale centre today, a very public show of support and reassurance for the people of greater manchester from its mayor, his deputy, and manchester city council's leader. greater manchester always does what it does best, which is to come together, bring things under control, reassure the public. that's what we're

doing this morning. an enhanced police presence too, officers — some armed with submachineguns — on patrol as shoppers went about their business. we'd planned to come here all week anyway, so yesterday was no deterrent whatsoever for us. it'sjust going back to work, isn't it? just a normal day, nothing to worry about. we are going to get over it, we will be there together, we will stand for each other. every time we have had an incident in the past, that rich diversity of the city comes together as one, as mancunians, and says, we are going to get on with life. police say a man with a knife lunged at people in the shopping centre yesterday. three are being treated in hospital for stab wounds, two others were also hurt. a ao—year—old man from manchester was arrested on suspicion of terror offences, before being detained under the mental health act. one of the things i'm asking the chief constable to consider is more use of stop and search powers. greater manchester police have been making more use of those powers

over the course of 2019. actually, there has been a fall in knife crime here over the summer months. police are investigating whether the alleged attacker had any political, religious or ideological motivation. mark edwardson, bbc north west tonight, manchester. scotland has become the first country in the uk to bring in legislation against plastic stemmed cotton buds, over fears that they're harming wildlife. the new regulations come into force today and will prevent their sale and manufacture. david cowan reports. bathed in autumn sunshine, this east lothian beach looks beautiful. is that one there? but ugly pieces of plastic are scattered in the sand. let's have a look. six years ago, a charity called fidra noticed thousands of plastic stemmed cotton buds washed up along the coast. they‘ re not just unsightly, they've been found in the stomachs of fulmars and turtles. fidra has talked to manufacturers and retailers into switching to paper stems and today, new scottish government

regulations come into force. well, it's going to be against the law to sell these plastic cotton buds any more. so, we should start seeing paper cotton buds and replacing them in shops. replacing them in shops. this is a small but significant step in the campaign against single—use plastics. scotland is the first part of the uk to bring in such a ban. and only the second country in europe to do so after italy. the ban on plastic stemmed cotton buds comes into force today. david cowan, reporting scotland, east lothian. the speed people in their 40s walk is a sign of how much their brains, as well as their bodies, are ageing. that's according to an international team of scientists, who've described the finding as an "amazing surprise". in a study of 1,000 people in new zealand they found that not only were slower walkers' bodies ageing more quickly, but their faces looked older and they had smaller brains. doctor leena rasmussen led the research and spoke to the bbc earlier.

we measured it in three ways. in this study where all the data is coming from. we measured the average speed at which people are walking, the normal pace. and we measured the maximum speed without running and we measured a dual—task gait speed, meaning people had to recite alternating letters of the alphabet while walking. and each of these three measures are equally associated with accelerating ageing measures we have been investigating. we found in this study that people among the as—year—olds that we studied that the ones... the 20% slowest walkers had multiple signs of accelerated ageing, compared to the fastest walkers in the study. there is definitely differences, and also across age and stuff but if you look at a population where everybody is the same age, you'll see that the ones who are slower, they will probably have the fastest ageing within that group. but there is obviously differences

across age groups as well. the kenyan athlete eliud kipchoge has become the first person to run a marathon in under two hours. the 34—year—old covered the 26.2 mile course, in 1 hour 59 minutes and a0 seconds. however, the time set in austria won't be recognised as an official record partly because the run wasn't in open competition. i've been speaking to the former british olympic marathon runner liz yelling about what she thought about the historic achievement. i just thought it was a bit of fun. the way they can take away those uncontrollables that most of us have when we enter the race, such as the weather, the undulations of the course. and the kind of biorhythms. they have controlled those factors to create a perfect storm where he can perform at his absolute best.

i presume there's a lot that the sporting world can learn from that. although it is not an official record. there must be a lot of statistics in there that can be taken forward and people can benefit from. it was just a really interesting experiment of human capability. if you are able to control the controllables to a certain extent, you can allow a certain individual to perform the best in that moment. but, practically, in terms of giving everyone or every elite athlete that opportunity, you saw the set up, it was incredible and he was selected because he was probably the most capable man on the planet in the moment. and itjust kind of all fell to that moment. the two—hour barrier has been spoken about for many years. he has raced marathons and proved that he has got very close to the two—hour barrier. he was the perfect choice. liz, the control factors

that you've mentioned, the advantages that were given to eliud, do you think that takes something away from the achievement? no, not at all, because he still has to run it with his own body. it's just an interesting concept to take away those factors. to have pacers all around him that take away the wind and the resistance factor, you have confidence knowing that you are running at the right pace and very consistently. you are on kind of the most perfect course with no undulations and twists and turns. from that perspective, it was just an interesting concept. i don't think it's necessarily something you do all the time but i think the two—hour barrier was an exciting thing to have a stab at. do you think the two—hour barrier, that record, can be smashed under normal race conditions? well, never say never.

because it's a bit like the four—minute mile, once someone had done it, other people believed it was possible. it's a bit like this. maybe now people believe that a sub—two hours is possible that many others will follow suit. and in race conditions perhaps. when you are running a marathon, we all hear about hitting the wall, but from your own experience, you achieved, was it, 2:28.33 back in 2008? yeah. what is the toughest factor for a marathon runner to overcome? the hardest part is the training. to get to the start line in one piece, having banked all your training, avoided illness and injury, that's the biggest hurdle. once you are on the start line and you have that fitness, it is executing your race plan. i would say the training leading up to that point is probably the hardest part to get right!

the fighting in north—eastern syria intensifies as the turkish army faces stiff resistance from kurdish forces. the battle is for strategic towns along the border, with pro—turkish troops trying to cut kurdish supply lines. the fighting has already left around 50 civilians dead and forced more than 100,000 to flee their homes. tonight boris johnson expressed "grave concern" over turkey's military operation.

also on the programme... the biggest storm in 60 years hits japan. millions have been urged to leave their homes. two people have died. and one for the ages. eliud kipchoge of kenya becomes the first person to run a sub—two hour marathon. i'm the happiest man to run under two hours. in order to inspire many people. to tell people that no human is limited — you can do it. good evening. there have been fierce clashes between turkish troops and kurdish forces in north—eastern syria. since hostilities began on wednesday, nearly 50 civilians are thought to have died on both sides of the frontier, and more than 100,000 people

have fled their homes. much of today's fighting has been in the border area near ras al—ayn. the turkish military have entered the strategically important town, but they're facing stiff resistance from the kurdish—led syrian democratic forces. ankara says it wants to establish a 20—mile deep buffer zone across the frontier with syria to keep out kurdish militias and resettle syrian refugees. from ak—chakale on the turkish side of the border, here's our international correspondent, 0rla guerin. a warning — her report does contain distressing images. the front line in a conflict that is spreading fast. turning northern syria into a battleground. alarming washington and europe. the smoke is rising from the key town of ras al—ayn. and inside the town, this pro—turkish fighter says

"we've just arrived". and give thanks to god. then ducks to avoid incoming fire. but kurdish forces can't offer much resistance. ras al—ayn has all but fallen and other towns are expected to follow. the turks and their allies are stamping their authority here. and syrian kurdish forces are looking very much alone, urging the us allies to keep their side of the bargain after the kurds died in their thousands fighting islamic state. translation: our allies guaranteed us protection but they abandoned us without warning and decided unjustly to withdraw their troops from the turkish border. we call on our allies to fulfil their moral obligations.

us forces aren't far away but they're holding fire as the kurds take heavy casualties. this footage, filmed exclusively for the bbc, shows american troops standing by at the edge of turkey's planned safe zone. even leading republicans accusing president trump of a shameful betrayal. and turkey's offensive is inflicting an agonising human cost. this motherfled ras al—ayn, carrying her sick daughter. she says the girl has had no food for the past four days and is barely alive. "what is this? " she cries. "erdogan, look at this." and in the kurdish stronghold of qamishli, mass funerals today forfour dead.

two fighters and two civilians. syria's kurds say they have given their blood to fight is for the world. but there is no help for them in their hour of need. and 0rla joins me now. we are seeing growing international unease over turkey's incursion, including from boris johnson? yes, the international criticism is really becoming a firestorm. there was a phone call tonight between the prime minister and the turkish leader, president erdogan, the prime minister expressed the uk's grave concern at the invasion, saying that it risked causing greater humanitarian problems just across the border into turkey behind me. but also undermining the progress made against islamic state. he said that while turkey was an important partner and nato ally, it was clear britain could not support the

operation and he called on president erdogan to stop the invasion, pull out his troops and negotiate. a similar message coming from washington, which is threatening economic sanctions. france and germany have suspended arms exports and the arab league has called on the un to take action but within the last half an hour we have a statement from president erdogan, he says there is no change in the operation will not stop and turkey will not give up what it calls its rightful cause. 0rla guerin, live on the turkey—syria border. the ecuadorian president has ordered the capital, quito, and surrounding areas to be placed under curfew and military control. it comes after 11 days of protests against the government. fresh clashes took place between the security forces and the indigenous protesters, who want austerity measures agreed with international creditors to be scrapped. demonstrators built barricades in the area around the congress building as police fired tear gas. the biggest storm to hitjapan

for 60 years has made landfall, bringing powerful winds and torrential rain. at least two people have been killed and millions of people had been advised to leave their homes ahead of the arrival of typhoon hagibis. from tokyo, rupert wingfield—hayes reports. this is the hii river near mount fuji. usually it is a clear mountain stream. today, it was turned into a raging, boiling torrent. across central japan, typhoon hagibis has dumped record amounts of rain. 0n the southern side of tokyo, the tama river is now close to bursting point. tens of thousands of people who live along its banks have been ordered to leave their homes. the big dangerfrom these sorts of events is water. water is the thing that can do real damage, both if this river burst its banks, if it causes landslides in the mountains or, of course, when it reaches the sea.

as night fell over tokyo, the eye of the storm approached, bringing winds gusting to over 140 kilometres per hour. this is the centre of shibuya, one of the busiest places normally in tokyo on a saturday night. only i have never seen it as deserted as it is tonight. in fact, the whole of tokyo is incredibly deserted. the centre of the storm has now passed to the north of the city and it does not appear to have brought the really destructive winds that were first feared. that is good news for everybody — including, of course, rugby fans. today, japan's rugby team had to wade their way onto a sodden field for some last—minute practice. saturday's big match between england and france had to be cancelled. but there is hope that japan will be able to take on scotland on sunday in a match that will decide which team goes through to the knockout stage of the rugby world cup. rupert wingfield—hayes,

bbc news, in tokyo. the wife of an american diplomat who left the uk despite being a suspect in a fatal crash has been left "devastated" by the incident, her lawyer said. 19—year—old harry dunn died when his motorbike crashed into a car outside raf croughton in northamptonshire in august. the suspect, 42—year—old anne sacoolas also said that she would like to meet the victims‘ parents. when any of us click the tick box to accept terms and conditions when accessing websites and apps, what are we really agreeing to? well, often we're handing over valuable personal data for free, and it's a commodity that's only going to increase in value, as our media editor, amol rajan, explains. very, very few of us give any thought to what we're signing up to when we give away our personal data online. all around us are machines whose very raison d'etre is to know us

better than we know ourselves. alexa... what's the weather in london today? in london it's 19 celsius with clear skies and sun. com pa nies a re co nsta ntly developing their profiles of us. thank you. this is an example from amazon of what is collected and analysed. content you viewed or searched for. the apps that we look at are part of an attention economy. in return for — often free — services, you donate attention and data. this is what you signed up for with facebook. we receive information about your online and offline actions and purchases from third—party data providers. that said, it's the world wide web which specialises in turning your personal information into a commodity. with starbucks, the website activity is linked to your social networks to allow them to track the activities of their members. all around us, invisible but forever accumulating,

is an almost unimaginable amount of data. every time we look at our phones or make an electronic transaction, we're adding to it. and while you or i may not give this much thought, the most powerful companies in human history certainly do. for them, your data is gold dust. this lawyer, who successfully brought a case against cambridge analytica, says it is about power as much as privacy. if the product is free, where is the cost? i think to most of these companies, you, the user, are not the customer. the customer is normally an advertiser that takes your personal information. it's about you having a say and some control over how that information gets used. surveillance capitalists take your private human experience, they turn it into behavioural data, they package it as predictions of what you will do now, soon and later, and they sell that to business customers who have a very serious commercial interest in knowing about what you're going

to do in the future. in a world in which data is the most powerful commodity, the question of who owns and controls our data needs to be given much deeper thought. at the moment, a few — mostly californian — companies are setting the terms of the debate. amol rajan, bbc news. with all the sport now, here's karthi gna nasegaram at the bbc sport centre. good evening. the olympic marathon champion, eliud kipchoge, has become the first athlete to run a marathon in under two hours. the kenyan beat that mark by 20 seconds in vienna, but it won't be known as an official world record, as ade adedoyin explains. 15 seconds... eliud kipchoge came to vienna with his sights set on one thing. running the quickest marathon ever. and from the word go, he was on track and well ahead of pace. the detailed planning was paying off. some 41 pacemakers have been employed by the organisers to be