welcome to bbc news, i'm james reynolds. our top stories: as kurdish forces — many of them injured — pull out of a key town in north—east syria, we look at how recent events are redrawing the map of the middle east. violent clashes in chile's capital as protests against the high cost of living continue. a curfew in major cities is extended to a second night. australian newspapers black out their front pages in a fight back against strict new security laws.

kurdish forces in syria say they've pulled out of a key strategic town in the north—east after a temporary truce put an end to fierce fighting. turkey says it's attempting to create a 20—mile safe zone in areas of kurdish control, after president trump pulled us troops out of the area. kurdish fighters are now reported to have left ras—al—ain, on the syrian side of the border, along with huge numbers of fleeing civilians. our correspondent aleem maqbool has sent us this report from inside northern syria. souad mohammed is numb. she's been that way since seeing in a morgue the mutilated body of her daughter. the brutal killing of havrin khalaf, a kurdish politician, by turkish—backed militants, is now being investigated as a war crime. "i feel i want to burn down this

home", she tells me, "because the memories of my daughter are everywhere, and it's too hard to bear. her whole life is playing like a movie in my mind." she told me she blamed turkey and america for her loss. it was the announcement of the withdrawal of these american troops from northern syria that precipitated this crisis and, in effect, gave turkey the green light to invade. that us withdrawal is now very much in motion, a sorry end to what had been an effective partnership that won back all the territory controlled by the islamic state group. kurdish forces lost thousands of fighters in that campaign. now, some of the same combatants who survived the long battle against is are dying at the hands of turkey.

i think we managed to defeat isis all over north and east syria. and it was not something easy. and i think what is happening now is a betrayal for the sacrifices that they have gave and they provided for the security and stability of the area. well, for all the talk of ceasefires on the front line and diplomacy, people here are still very much in shock atjust how quickly their lives were turned upside down. and those we speak to tell us they have very little faith that the world will come to help relieve their suffering. so, instead, they continue to flee for their lives in huge numbers. camps for the displaced near the iraq—syria border, that were all but emptied, are full again. some families here told us they didn't leave their homes in the days of is, but felt compelled to now.

they're afraid of meeting the same fate as havrin khalaf. when over recent years, so many thousands of kurdish mothers have already had to bury their children. aleem maqbool, bbc news, in north—eastern syria. aykan erdemir is a former member of the turkish parliament for the opposition republican people's party — he's now a senior fellow at the think tank foundation for defence of democracies in washington and hejoins me now. good to have you on the programme. the evacuation of ras al—ain is only the start of what president erdogan wa nts, the start of what president erdogan wants, a wide safe zone. do you expect he will get it?” wants, a wide safe zone. do you expect he will get it? i think there has been some two digit ambiguity in the ceasefire agreement between the us and president are to one —— president erdogan. the sdf is

agreeing to a much more limited withdrawal, not entirely across the border, and i think this is really going to be decisive whether a limited safe zone will be ok for turkey for the time being, or whether there will be a further push beyond that, and i could determine the extent of fighting —— and that could, and what the us congress will do to push against that and what assad and vladimir didn't will see as an opportunity to intervene. you say a limited safe zone may be more realistic, but president erdogan has promised people in turkey that he is going to get the entire safe zone. surely people will say to him you haven't achieved what you you want to get a limited safe zone? president of one has demonstrated he has strategic patience, this has been the third cross—border operation, and there can noise be a fourth one and fsi. so he's taking

his time to expand his area of control, and he also has other projects at hand. —— there can noise bea projects at hand. —— there can noise be a fourth one and a good one, so he wants to relocate refugees into this pocket, start building homes for them, which would be a boost to his struggling construction partners backin his struggling construction partners back in turkey, so there are multiple steps to his strategy in this area and possibly at this time, he could see this as enough for the time being. just picking up on one of the points you raise there. his proposal to move syrian refugees from the south of turkey into a proposed safe zone. i mean, there are several million refugees. in turkey. is it really realistic for him to expect to be able to move all those people across a border? now the number he presented at the united general assembly address was 3 million of the 3.6 million syrians

in turkey would be resettled. i think everyone knows this is near impossible and there is also a $26 billion tablet which no—one would like to take. but nevertheless, for president alone, even with a small group would help with him basically quelling the anti— refugee sentiment at home —— for erdogan was that i think he would see this as a long—term project to not only address the populist uprising in turkey, but also as an opportunity to change the demographics on the turkish border to create an arab majority area, which is part of his understanding of a safe zone. aykan erdemir in washington, thank you very much. thank you. in the past hour chile has announced it's extending the state of emergency to cities in the north and south. rioting has continued in defiance of a curfew imposed for a second consecutive night. protesters have clashed with police in many areas of the capital, santiago. looting and rioting have spread

to other parts of the country and eight people are known to have been killed since the unrest began on friday, gareth barlow reports. soldiers on the streets of santiago for the first time since the end of the military dictatorship. the cu rfew too the military dictatorship. the curfew too and unrest has been extended for a second night. translation: i am convinced that democracy not only has the right, but has the obligation to defend itself using all the instruments that democracy provides, and the rule of law. to combat those who wa nt to rule of law. to combat those who want to destroy it. protests began after a rise in ticket prices for the capital's metro, a decision which has been reversed. but anger has widened among the huge inequality between the rich and the poon inequality between the rich and the poor. parts of santiago's transport system have been destroyed. but on sunday, residents help with the

cleanup. translation: it would have been nice if everyone came down and banged on pots and protested other ways, but this? not even when we have the conflict with pinochet do we touch the metro. we know the matter is for us. the metro. we know the matter is for us. now look at this. this is sad for all of us that we are helping to clea n for all of us that we are helping to clean up. several people have died in over 700 have been arrested. looting and rioting have spread across the country. despite the return of the troops, the curfew and a state of emergency, chileans continue to express their anger. gareth barlow, bbc news. constanza gonzalez is a resident living in the centre of santiago and has taken part in several protests. thank you forjoining us. what is going on right now on this second night of the curfew? hello. well, here people are very afraid but

nevertheless a lot of people are on the streets right now. they are protesting, so still protesting, still banging pots, still lighting things on fire. supermarkets are being looted. the curfew that the president has put upon the people has not been respected at all. people are no longer — do not longer believe in politics in chile anymore. this is not about political parties i think it people are angry and this is something that has been coming for quite a long time. it could have happened at any time. what is it like when you go outside at the moment? well, there is military on the streets, which is something that i never thought i would see in my lifetime. my parents told me about it but i didn't think i was going to live to see that. so it's very, it's very scary, it's very nerve racking. people are

afraid. lots of families are in their houses but a lot of other people are not and these are the people are not and these are the people being killed and chased by the police and the military right now. so you can hear helicopters lying around the city, fire trucks, ambulances everywhere. it's chaos, really. do you plan to stay in santiago? yeah. definitely. idon't think — i'm not leaving, the people aren't leaving, and we are going to solve it until the president leaves or the constitution changes drastically. constanza gonzalez in santiago, thank you very much for joining us. after two weeks of relative calm in hong kong, hundreds of pro—democracy protesters have clashed with police firing tear gas and using water canon. shops, banks and metro stations have been vandalised. mass protests began back injune, against proposals to allow

extradition to mainland china. critics worried the move would undermine hong kong's autonomy. the city's chief executive then put the plans on hold, but the protests developed into wider demonstrations for full democracy, and an inquiry into alleged police brutality. then last month the extradition bill was finally withdrawn, but protestors continue to march despite restrictions. our south—east asia correspondent nick beake has the latest from hong kong. they were told they weren't allowed to march today. they were threatened with prison if they wore a mask. and they were warned by china's leader there would be broken bones for those who try to break up his country. but this is a pro—democracy movement that believes the world is on its side and it's not backing down. we are here to fight for freedom and we are not scared

about the chinese communist party. we want our freedom and human rights. but once again, peaceful protest gave way to petrol bombs, with police stations under attack. this is what eventually cleared the hardcore activists, who then rampaged through the streets, targeting chinese businesses. they fought the police late into the night. for a 20th consecutive weekend of unrest here in hong kong, the police are really struggling to control the streets here. they brought out the water cannon. the protesters are not going home. the question is the one we've been asking forfive months now. when does this end? how does this end? hong kong's government claims a housing crisis has unleashed this cycle of violence, but these

protesters say it's their deep fear of the type of place they'll be living in under greater chinese control, which means they won't be giving up. nick beake, bbc news, hong kong. stay with us on bbc world news. still to come: egypt's valley of the kings yields its biggest treasures in more than a century — 20 colourful coffins dating back three millennia. a historic moment that many of his victims have waited for for decades. the former dictator in the dock, older, slimmer, and, as he sat down, obedient enough. dawn, and as the sun breaks through the piercing chill of night on the plain outside korem, it lights up a biblical famine, now, in the 20th century.

the depressing conclusion, in argentina today, it's actually cheaper to paper your walls with money. we've had controversies in the past with great britain. but as good friends, we've always found a good and lasting solution. concorde bows out in style. after almost three decades in service, an aircraft that enthralled its many admirers for so long taxis home one last time. this is bbc news, the latest headlines: kurdish forces — many of them injured — have pulled out of a key town in north—east syria, during a temporary five—day truce. there've been violent clashes in chile's capital, santiago, as protests against the high cost of living continue. a curfew's been extended to a second night.

australia's biggest newspapers have blacked out their front pages to protest against legislation that restricts press freedoms. editors have argued the media is subject to a regime of intense government secrecy and the threat of criminal charges forjournalists doing theirjob. the unprecedented front—page protest is meant to put pressure on the australian government to exempt reporters from laws restricting access to sensitive information. greg jennett from abc news explains what triggered the protest. it all goes back tojune in particular when a series of police raids were executed on australian journalists stop one belonging to the news corporation for publishing a story based on a leak that concerned national security, and the other was at the abc's headquarters

in sydney, targeting reporting about conduct of australian soldiers during the afghanistan war. now, we don't yet know whether any journalist is going to be charged that it really did spark outrage nationally and particularly among all the rivals who make up the media landscape in australia, so the nine corporation, our organisation, the australian broadcasting corporation, all public and private, —— private—sector media corporations have thrown their weight behind this campaign because the realisation didn'tjust come with police raids, it actually has been a creeping series of laws and constraints. let's get some of the day's other news. here in the uk, the government has said it plans to hold another meaningful vote on the brexit withdrawal agreement on monday. it's not clear whether or not the speakerjohn bercow will allow that to go ahead. a letter requesting an extension has been sent to the eu following mp's backing a move to delay the approval

of the deal on saturday. preliminary results from bolivia's general election indicate that president evo morales has failed to secure a fourth consecutive term and will face a run—off vote in december. with more than 80% of votes counted, mr morales leads the main opposition candidate, carlos mesa, by 45—38%. lebanon's coalition government is reported to have agreed on wide—ranging economic reforms after the biggest protests in decades swept the country. the proposals involve privatising some companies, scrapping new taxes and halving the salaries of top officials. the protests were triggered by a new tax on calls over the internet but the government's handling of an economic crisis is the underlying issue. parliamentary elections in switzerland have seen a big rise in support for green parties. with nearly all votes counted, the results show a combined vote for switzerland's two green parties of around 20%, making the greens a major player in swiss politics. the rightwing swiss people's party, which has been the most successful

in switzerland for more than two decades, saw its hold on power weakened. imogen foulkes reports from berne. swiss voters need only look up to see the effects of climate change. their glaziers are shrinking and when the ice melts, mud and rock slides threaten alpine villages. today, voters took their worries to the ballot box. the green party increased its part —— share of the vote to i3%, gaining an astonishing i7 vote to i3%, gaining an astonishing 17 seats, while its fellow green liberal party gained nine. translation: it is really incredible. i am still trying to come to terms with what is happening right now. with all the seats that

we have already won, it is really incredible and it is really moving to see how people are really hoping that the greens are the ones that are going to make the difference now. the traditional parties all suffered. right wing swiss people's party lost 11 seats and although it will remain the largest party in parliament, these results are a serious blow. it has one successful anti— immigration —— it —— its anti—immigration anti— euro messages we re anti—immigration anti— euro messages were rejected. as ever in switzerland, no party will have a majority. the different groups will have to work together, but this new parliament is greener and younger and voters will expect a much greater focus on environmental policies. imogen foulkes, bbc news, berne. campaigning for monday's elections in canada has seen the prime ministerjustin trudeau fight a fierce battle to cling onto power.

as leader of the liberal party, he took office four years ago, but has recently been implicated in a series of scandals that have left him neck—and—neck in the race, with the opposition conservative party. 0ur chief international correspondent, lyse doucet, reports from the campaign trail. the big smile, the style that shot a political star into power and onto the world stage. but now it's back to basics. justin trudeau, cradling babies as he fights for his political life. why is it so much harderfor you, prime minister trudeau, this time, than it was four years ago? what went wrong for you? i would tend to disagree. four years ago, a 79—day campaign was extremely difficult. and campaigns should be difficult. this is an opportunity to get out and speak with as many canadians as possible. his conservative challenger, andrew scheer, calls him a fraud.

0n the left, the ndp's jagmeet singh is trying to claim trudeau's progressive mantle. the greens also look set to gain. climate change epitomises trudeau's trouble. he approved a new pipeline to move canada's vast oil wealth to this western shore, and offset it with environmental safeguards and a big climate plan. but critics say climate champions don't build pipelines. over 200 people were arrested, standing right here. 22—year—old hayley zacks is a leading activist. the under—35s are now the biggest voting block, and some feel let down. i think a lot of us were persuaded byjustin trudeau in the last election. he was young, he was making all of these great promises. he hasn't come through on the promises that we voted him for, for climate action. he said he was a feminist, we haven't seen that in action. trudeau—mania hasn't died. he still draws crowds.

supporters ready to forgive, even scandals like the brownface photos which surfaced. everyone deserves a second chance. i know certain things like this can happen. and that's with everyone. i mean, nobody‘s perfect. of course, i don't agree with those things. but i really, really see a better side of him right now. in many ways, this election is a referendum onjustin trudeau. 0n the world stage, his star still shines on issues like gender equality and refugees. here in canada, his brand has taken a beating. the celebrity who once promised a different kind of politics is now battling just to stay in power. trudeau may still prevail, with a much smaller margin and with less magic. in one of the closest races canada has ever seen. lyse doucet, bbc news, montreal.

in egypt, 30 ancient wooden sarcophagi have been put on display following their recent discovery near the nile. the ornately—decorated coffins of men, women and children are around 3,000 years old, and well—preserved. nina nanji reports. it is the biggest find of its kind in more than a century. perfectly preserved mummies discovered in 30 ancient wooden coffins in the valley of the kings — the egyptian city of luxor. the trove was unearthed by a team of egyptian archaeologists on the west bank of the river nile. the coffins date back around 3000 years but despite this they were found in good condition — sealed and intact and adorned with vibrant colours and inscriptions. it is believed to contain the remains of high priests and their families. this will enrich our knowledge about the belief of the afterlife and the workshops that make these beautiful scenes, the colour and the religious scenes.

all the book of the dead is for the common people, for a king or a priest. and that is why i believe this discovery is very important. egyptian authorities will be hoping the discovery, along with other finds of ancient relics, will help revive the country's tourism sector — hit in recent years by political instability. the sarcophagi will undergo restoration before being moved to a showroom at the grand egyptian museum, due to open next year. before we go, madrid's streets were left badly congested on sunday, as more than 2,000 sheep, and some goats, passed through its bustling city centre. the spanish capital sits on an ancient migration route where shepherds would move their livestock south for the winter. the festival started in 1994 and is designed to pay homage to the area's rural heritage —

it exploits a medieval rule which allows shepherds the right to cut through the city. every year, a nominalfee is paid in exchange for the safe passage of the animals, in a ceremony between the mayor and the chief herdsman at the city hall. hello there. some quieter weather on the way to start the week. in sharp contrast to what we have had for most of october which is an active jetstream, low pressure after low pressure, and rain will be back, for england and wales, all of the average 0ctober rain has fallen already this month with 11 days to go. very wet in north—east england. scotla nd go. very wet in north—east england. scotland and northern ireland, —— northern ireland, somewhere to go to get the average rainfall and it is here we will see the wettest weather as we go through the week. but as i mentioned earlier, it is quiet to

start the week because we have an area of high pressure moving in. that said, there is still low pressure close to east anglia and south—east england which will bring some rain. in terms of the weather feel, chillier and northern ireland but especially in scotland with parts of rural aberdeenshire. a milder start for england and wales with a lot of cloud around. the north—easterly breeze with a few showers and outbreaks of rain towards the far south—east, more especially parts of kent, and suffolk. you may still see a few spots in land as well. a few spots edging to the northern ireland as well. —— northern isles. sunny spells developing more widely as we go on through the day. it will actually be a chilly night for england and wales going into tuesday morning with wins light here. they will be some fog patches developing. they could be dense in some places and just bear them in mind. they could be dense in some places andjust bearthem in mind. 0ut they could be dense in some places and just bear them in mind. out of the tuesday morning commute, some isobars indicating the tuesday morning commute, some isoba rs indicating light the tuesday morning commute, some isobars indicating light winds. a breezy picture for parts of scotland and northern ireland in northern england. most will be dry but we will have outbreaks of rain in the

far north of scotland, a few sunny spells after the early fog clears away for the rest of england and wales and temperatures are actually edging upa wales and temperatures are actually edging up a few degrees. taking a look at the big picture for wednesday, low pressure is getting closer and there is also a weak weather front heading towards the south—east. weather fronts are coming in. more substantial rain from these will be heading into northern ireland and heading into scotla nd northern ireland and heading into scotland especially into the west, a few showers over the other whether front into south —— east anglia and the south—east. temperatures around about the mid—— low—teens. the mid week, it is back to some rain at times in scotland and northern ireland but england and wales, pressure remains higher so the quieter weather holds on. not much in the way of fresh rainfall on the way but remember, they will be a few fog patches occasionally. —— there will be.

this is bbc news, the headlines: kurdish—led forces, many of them injured, have pulled out of a key town in north—east syria, during a temporary five—day truce. they left ras al—ain, along with huge numbers of fleeing civilians. a us withdrawal has paved the way for a turkish military offensive in the region. chile has announced its extending the state of emergency to cities in the north and south. rioting has continued in spite of a curfew imposed for a second consecutive night. protesters clashed with police in the capital, santiago. eight people are known to have been killed. australian newspapers have blacked out theirfront pages, to protest against to strict national security legislation. industry insiders say the media is subject to a regime of intense government secrecy, and journalists risk criminal charges just for doing theirjobs.