this is bbc news — welcome if you're watching here in the uk, on pbs in america or around the globe. i'm mike embley. ‘a fight to the death‘ — smaller nations voice their fears at the madrid meeting on climate change . micronesia's president tells us time is running out for his country: not taking action would be a calamity, as far as we are concerned. so there's no time. the clock is ticking. and right now in the philippines, mass evacuations as yet another typhoon makes landfall. we're live there with the latest. five women make sworn statements in the united states — alleging prince andrew was present when they gave massages to the convicted sex offenderjeffrey epstein. and top of the class,

just how does one of europe's smallest nations outperform its richer neighbours? we've been to estonia to find out. government ministers and diplomats from around the world are meeting in madrid for a two—week summit — cop 25 — on how to tackle climate change. small island states are among the most vulnerable to rising sea levels, and leaders of some of the worst—affected countries have appealed for help. from madrid, our science editor david shukman. driving rain and powerful winds as the latest typhoon approaches the philippines. with plenty of early warning, families are helped to safety. it's the poorest that are least able to cope,

and as global temperatures rise, it is likely storms will become even more dangerous in future. the people of the bahamas experienced that for themselves earlier this year. hurricane dorian caused death and devastation on an unimaginable scale. and developing countries say that, because it's the richest nations that caused climate change, they should now help. it gives me great pleasure to declare open this 25th session. so here in madrid, as the annual un talks on climate change get under way, one of the loudest demands is from the countries most vulnerable to those bigger storms. we worry about our livelihoods. we worry about the future generations. we worry about our country. we exist as people. we in the small islands, we exist as people. we have our cultures,

we have our families, you can't get away from that, and it's not a nice thought. it's scary. all the time, the gases that are heating up the atmosphere are still being pumped out, and in ever greater quantities, increasing the risks of damaging impacts, and despite all the scientific warnings that this should stop. there has been frantic diplomacy on climate change over the past quarter of a century, with huge gatherings like this one, but the source of the problem remains unchecked. all the more reason, the head of the un tells me, to help those most in danger. because, whether people like to admit it or not, climate change is already a problem today, and we are having terrible impacts, in drought, in floods, in other kinds of natural — in hurricanes, in countries that are already suffering enormously. the whole issue of how much help to provide and who is to blame for the rise in temperatures has

become incredibly contentious among the different teams here, and it won't be easy to settle. and another reminder of what's at stake as the negotiations begin — severe flooding in kenya in the last few days, amid the fear that, without the right global response, there will be much worse to come. david shukman, bbc news, in madrid. i spoke to david panuelo. he is president of the federated states of micronesia and i asked him what effect climate change is having. well, you know, first of all, thank you for having me on bbc. we're having a very heavy downpour of rain, so don't mind me — i'm a little bit wet here. but our country, the federated states of micronesia, is the second—ranked, most heavily poorest in the world. so climate change is a very important issue that we can continue to tackle, and tackling climate change requires global mobilisation greater than occurred in world war ii, as far as we're concerned. a fight to the death, some of your colleagues are calling it. what hope do you have, what realistic hope do you think you have, of something

from the richer nations that will really make a difference? well, you know, this fight is a fight that we are dealing with it on a real basis. it's an existential threat. so we take climate change very seriously. cop 25 is the final cop before the defining year of 2020, as you know, and many nations must submit their climate action plans. and, among many elements we need to be ironed out is the financing of climate worldwide. and this is what we're asking because we have a very low, near—nilfootprint. in terms of our footprint, we don't have any. so that's why we are demanding bigger countries like the united states and china to come on board and be the champions in fighting climate change. and of course, the argument is that the poorest countries, the smallest countries, the low—lying countries, are the least able to cope, and the richer countries who by and large made the emissions in the first place, changed the climate, should help, with money and with cuts in emissions. but, realistically, what chance do you see of the richer countries stepping to the plate here?

well, my view on it is that we have no choice. we just don't have any choice in terms of climate change because, as i've said, every country will be affected. we have 607 islands in the federation, over an ocean close to about1 million square miles of ocean. and most of our islands are affected, because their low—lying populations are affected. and we're doing a lot, as far as a country, we're doing so much in terms of putting up the profile of our countries, that deal with climate change. and in our congress of micronesia we have established a new committee that deals with climate change.

the pacific island countries gathered in tuvalu recently, a couple of months ago, and we adopted the kainaki ii declaration for urgent climate action now. we took it to the united nations, when secretary general of the un guterres called for a climate action summit and we called for the world to come on board because we have no choice. i've said it. that places like united states, like the coastal areas of florida, california, they're as low as some of our low—lying atolls. so it's a global existential threat, and if we don't come on board, the world will be sorry when we know that action — you know, not taking action would be a calamity, as far as we are concerned. and so there is no time. the clock is ticking. and as far as we are concerned,

reducing emissions 45% by 2030 is a critical one for the global community to take action on. reducing the carbon footprint to zero omissions by mid—century is a very critical one, we're calling on nations to do their part. because we're a global community, and the world is very small. typhoon kanmuri has made landfall in the central philippines. 200,000 people have been evacuated from coastal areas for fear of flooding and storm surges. the international airport in the capital, manila, is suspending operations for 12 hours from tuesday morning. this update from our philippines correspondent, howard johnson. yes, kammuri is now moving across the country, from the eastern seaboard to the west. it's moving to the central islands. we are in batangas. as you can see behind me, water pooling on the surface and skies getting darker by the minute. this is the eye wall advancing,

before the actual centre of the typhoon. it's going to hit here in the next three hours or so. about 20 minutes ago we visited an evacuation centre. about 3,000 people from this community have been evacuated safely at the moment, and we can see that conditions are worsening as this storm approaches this part of the country. let's not forget these southeast asian games are taking place in the philippines at the moment, and some of the venues are quite close to here, as well. and we've seen some cancellations of events today as a result of these storms, also flights cancelled, and also public offices here, government offices, have been closed as well. let's get some of the day's other news. us trade officials are threatening to impose tariffs of up to 100% on a range of french goods worth two point four billion dollars. it's a response to french plans to tax revenue earned by american tech companies.

an official report in the us describes the digital tax as discriminatory. president trump has arrived in the uk — for a meeting of nato leaders. they are expected to consider new threats, including from space and cyberspace — and also mark the 70th anniversary of the alliance. president trump's re—election campaign is no longer going to issue press credentials to reporters working for bloomberg news, the agency owned by the democratic presidential hopeful, michael bloomberg. the trump campaign manager says the decision has been prompted by the agency's recent announcement that it will not investigate michael bloomberg or his rivals for the democratic nomination. five women have said in legal proceedings that prince andrew was present during massages they gave to the convicted sex offenderjeffrey epstein and his guests. the sworn statements to a us court were revealed in a bbc panorama programme containing an interview with virginia giuffre. she alleges that she was trafficked to britain — at the age of 17 — and then had sex with prince andrew. the prince has categorically denied any such relationship. darragh macintyre reports.

the allegations made by virginia giuffre about prince andrew have raised questions that won't go away. the lawyer for five ofjeffrey epstein's accusers says he wants prince andrew to testify as a witness in their court cases. the women say the prince witnessed how epstein and his guests were given massages at the sex offender's home. panorama has been told that subpoenas have been prepared for the cases, and could be served on prince andrew if he returns to the united states. and it means that, the next time prince andrew visits the states, he faces being ordered to give evidence, whether he likes it or not. with respect to prince andrew, i think he needs to come clean, and i think the facts need to be revealed. prince andrew says that he did not see, witness or suspect any suspicious behaviour during his visits to mr epstein's

homes in florida, new york and the caribbean, and he says he is willing to help any appropriate law enforcement agency with their investigations if required. virginia giuffre, who says she was trafficked to london by epstein to have sex with prince andrew, told panorama that she was introduced to him by the prince's long—standing friend ghislaine maxwell. she says that, after a visit to a nightclub, ghislaine maxwell instructed her to have sex with the prince. in court documents, ghislaine maxwell says all virginia giuffre's allegations are lies. the people on the inside are going to keep coming up with these ridiculous excuses, like the photo was doctored. i mean, come on. i'm calling bs on this, because that's what it is. he knows what happened, i know what happened, and there's only one of us telling the truth, and i know that's me. people who say that you're not telling the truth, they point to inconsistencies in your tale.

how do you account for those? you are left with a foggy memory sometimes, you really are. so yeah, you know, i might be wrong on dates, absolutely. i might be wrong on places, even, sometimes. but one thing i can tell you is that you never forget the face of someone who's heaved over you. for his part, the duke of york emphatically denies any form of sexual contact or relationship with virginia giuffre, and says any claim to the contrary is false and without foundation. darragh macintyre, bbc news. you're watching bbc news. still to come: a vigil is held for the victims of the london bridge attack attended by family, friends and political leaders. it's quite clear that the worst victims of this disaster are the poor people living in the slums which have sprung up

around the factory. i am feeling so helpless, that the childrens are dying in front of me and i can't do anything. charles manson is the mystical leader of the hippie cult suspected of killing sharon tate and at least six other people in los angeles. at 11:00 this morning, just half a metre of rock separated britain from continental europe. it took the drills just a few moments to cut through the final obstacle. then philippe cozette, a minerfrom calais, was shaking hands and exchanging flags with robert fagg, his opposite number from dover. this is bbc world news.

the latest headlines: the fears of some smaller nations are heard at the madrid meeting on climate change. they say it's "a fight to the death." mass evacuations as typhoon kammuri makes landfall in the philippines. in northern syria, at least 30 civilians are reported killed in two separate attacks. it's the latest flare—up between government forces and rebel fighters. rich preston reports. two attacks from two opposing forces. in one, 13 people reported killed when government forces hit the market town of maarrat al—nu'man. in the other, 11 reported killed in a turkish strike on the kurdish—held city of tal rifaat. the syrian government is supported in its fight by russia. the rebels are supported by, amongst others, turkey. but turkey doesn't support the kurds, who have been instrumental in the fight

against is, but who turkey views as terrorists. idlib has seen the most serious escalation in fighting in recent days, since a ceasefire which came into effect in august. the town of maarrat al—nu'man was hit in this strike by government forces. activists say eight children were among those killed in the turkish attack on tal rifaat. in october, turkey launched an operation against the kurds in an attempt to push them away from the turkish border, after president trump's controversial decision to withdraw us troops from the region. while world leaders discuss trade, climate and elections, the conflict in syria hasn't gone away. caught in the middle, the ordinary people. since the start of the syrian conflict in 2011, monitoring groups say more than 500,000 civilians

have lost their lives. rich preston, bbc news. the victims of the london bridge attack have been remembered at a vigil in central london. saskia jones, who was 23, and 25—year—old jack merritt were helping run a programme to educate offenders when one of those attending — usman khan — attacked people with a knife. jack merritt‘s father has criticised the response to the attack, especially pledges from politicians to review laws allowing the early release of convicted terrorists. this, from our special correspondent lucy manning. in the city where recently jack merritt and saskia jones had proudly held their degree certificates, hundreds stood silent. his girlfriend, his mum and dad held onto each other as they were surrounded by support. bell tolls

this was what cambridge had meant to them. and this is what they meant to their friends and families. jack merritt‘s girlfriend, leanne, leaving flowers. in the city of london, minutes from where they died, the noise of political arguments quietened. silence we come together this morning in condolences, but also in a spirit of defiance, to say that london will never be cowed or intimidated by terrorism. bryonn bain was speaking at the prison education event on friday. he had spent the day before with jack merritt at a high—security jail. he was inspiring. he had a bright light in his eyes. and he was a young kid,

but he was a cambridge grad, so he could have gone anywhere, done anything, with his elite education, his privileged education. he ran down when he heard shouting in the building. it felt like a warzone, you know, it felt like total chaos. but, you know, these guys stepped up in the moment and did what few would do, and put their own lives in harm's way. professor bain says jack was the first to confront the attacker. he was brave in his own regard. he was the first line of defence. he was the first person to confront him at the door. i saw people die. you know, i saw things that i'm never going to be able to unsee. the first eyewitness from inside the building, he praised those former prisoners attending the event who fought back. many of the folks in that space, you know, would not be here today,

right, if it weren't for these guys who did time in prison, and literally saved lives. and, instead of running away, more details about the bravery of the event staff who ran after the attacker, including a maintenance man called andy. when the knife goes through his chest and, you know, kill or open the door is the choice, he pauses for a moment. and he is reluctant to spill all this out onto the pavement, when members of the public are going to be facing the same problems, but he makes exactly the right choice. the doors opened, out the terrorist falls. like jack merritt, saskia jones was trying to play her part in improving people's lives. she was a lovely, lovely woman. she made me laugh. she called me on things. lots of people are quite scared of me — she wasn't. she was fearless. she was a warrior. she was going to change the world.

maybe she will. but their mourning is done at an intensely political time. the politicians have come to pay their respects. but jack merritt‘s father has been clear he does not want his son's death to be politicised. he doesn't want this to mean politicians bringing in tougher sentencing. tonight, jack merritt‘s father wrote his son would, if he could comment on his death, be seething that it was being used to perpetuate an agenda of hate. "feel his passion," he said. "never give up his fight." lucy manning, bbc news. there's been a small explosion near the presidential palace in the indonesian capital, jakarta. police say that they believe it was caused by a smoke grenade but investigations are continuing. the army said that two soldiers who were outjogging near the national monument early in the morning were injured by the blast. they are currently being treated in hospital. the latest indicators of how education systems perform

on the global stage will be published on tuesday. one of the smallest countries in europe, estonia, usually outperforms richer and more powerful nations. so, what makes a tiny baltic state with a population of fewer than two million so successful? our education editor bra nwen jeffreys has been finding out. it's drop—off time at kindergarten. for parents, the cost is capped. for each child, about us$80—90 a month. so most children start here before the age of three, even though compulsory school only begins at age seven. it's very important because learning will be so fast, maybe asking teachers questions or raising his hand, being brave, i think the main thing to him is to be socially ready. how important do you think education is to your children's future? very important, very important. and it's also important to do it in a way that they enjoy it but not

forcing them to do something, but do it in a wise way. teachers lead the learning in every kindergarten. there are no national tests, no scores for children. what's expected is to get everyone to a basic standard. a child has to know how to read a word with two syllables in it. well, we actually have children who know how to read sentences. so they are really easy guidelines. the gap between rich and poor kid is small in estonia and this is where the levelling up starts. this estonian language class has children of every ability. that's normal in every subject in basic school from age seven to 16. teachers in estonia are given remarkable freedom in how and what they teach. the inspections don't even come in to the classroom and there is relatively little testing.

but it's that belief in levelling up that's crucial, the head teacher told me. if you are teaching different level of abilities then you are segregating them and we don't want to segregate any people in the world, why we are doing that in the schools. that's my personal opinion. this is one of the main things why estonia is successful. the students here are growing up in a digital economy. voting in general elections is all online and there is a culture of striving. even though we are so, i could call us a young country, we have to be educated to get on with ourselves. i think every estonian appears to be independently sufficient. technology really helps us

with ease of access. if you need some study material, you have an elibrary. so you have access to information in a way that's never been possible before. yeah, new world, new possibilities. estonia's education success doesn't seem to have a human cost. music is in every school, studied by everyone up to 16. the teenagers here report being happier than those in the uk. branwenjeffreys, bbc news, tallinn. just before we go, congratulations to lionel messi, he has won the ballon d'orfor to lionel messi, he has won the ballon d'or for outstanding male footballer for the year. this ballon d'or for outstanding male footballerfor the year. this is his sixth time. the women's award was taken by teen usa world cup winner megan rapinoe, that is herfirst title. and you can get in touch with me

and most of the team on twitter, i'm @bbcmikeembley. thank you for watching. —— team usa world cup winner. hello. monday's mildest weather was found across the far north of the uk. and it's not that often we get to say that! whereas many areas stayed chilly, just one degree there in parts of mid wales, highland scotland saw temperatures climbing all the way to ten degrees because of a feed of south—westerly winds from the atlantic, bringing a lot of cloud, bringing some outbreaks of rain, but also bringing some milder air, which stays in place across northern areas to start tuesday, while southern areas have something much colder. so nine degrees there in stornoway, compare that with freezing in london. some spots a few degrees below freezing, and with the potential for some fog. a met office yellow warning was issued for the risk of some dense fog patches in an area that includes some key motorways and some

major airports as well. and even if it isn't foggy, it's likely to be quite grey and murky, with some low cloud in places. so, poor visibility could cause some disruption and some of that fog could be quite slow to clear. but generally speaking across england and wales we should see some sunny spells developing. whereas for northern ireland and scotland, there will be a lot of cloud, best of the brightness, i tihnk, across north—eastern scotland, eastern counties in northern ireland. still a south—westerly wind here, so ten degrees in stornoway, also 11 down in plymouth, but for many spots, we will have single digit temperatures once again. now, as we move through tuesday night into the early hours of wednesday, again there's the potential for fog across central and eastern and southern parts of england, another chilly night and chilly start to the day here. further north and west, something milder, but with some extra cloud, more of a breeze and some outbreaks of rain thanks to this frontal system here. this will be working its way

in from the west as we go through on wednesday and you can see quite a few light lines, quite a few isobars on the chart, there will be strong winds across north—western parts as well. that rain getting to scotland and northern ireland, eventually into the far north of england, further south and east some of that fog to start off, which could be slow to clear. then we see some sunny spells. again, single digits for most but in the far south—west, the far north—west, we'll be up at 10—11 degrees. now, as we head into thursday, we're going to see persistent rain piling on in western scotland, perhaps enough to cause some problems, maybe some localised flooding. it's going to be a windy day for many, particularly in the north—west. steady wind speeds you can see there in the arrows, gusts of 50—60 miles an hour. further south and east, not as windy, and again we'll see some spells of sunshine. nine degrees there in london, but many more spots in double digits by this stage. and it will be milder for all of us by friday, but still quite windy with some rain at times.

this is bbc news, the headlines:

smaller nations have voiced their fears at the madrid meeting on climate change. micronesia's president told the bbc time is running out for his country. around 50 presidents and prime ministers are taking part. with some of the countries worst—affected, appealing to other nations to do more to combat global warming. a powerful typhoon has hit the largest island in the philippines, with gusts of up to 240km/h and government meteorologists said typhoon kammuri made landfall in the southernmost part of luzon. some residents described howling winds and roofs torn off. five women have said in legal proceedings that prince andrew was present during massages they gave to the convicted sex offender jeffrey epstein and his guests. the sworn statements to a us court were revealed in a bbc panorama programme containing an interview with virginia giuffre.