marking the 70th anniversary of nato — borisjohnson opens talks saying that britain remains "rock solid" in its commitment to the alliance. hoping to strike a more united front on the second day of talks. leaders are discussing a lot of challenges from cyber terrorism arms control, relations with china. according to the panel leading the impeachment enquiry. the next stage of the public hearings will begin the. we will look it might what happened next.

after a difficult start to proceedings... are it's day two of the nato summit in honour of its 70th anniversary and, after a difficult start to proceedings on tuesday, world leaders will be hoping to present a more united front. wednesday's talks will cover key issues facing nato's twenty—nine members, as heads of state address fundamental disagreements within the bloc over spending and future threats. live to our chief international correspondent lyse doucet who is just north of london where the summit is taking place. a lovely autumn day but that are inside the luxury hotel, there has been some tough talks this morning,

29... emphasising the need for unity. the disunity has been very much on show, whether it is present mccrone describing the lights are strategically brain—dead. present anyone making demands. president trump being president trump. he started off by seeing he is a big fan of the alliance. let us find out what has been happening today with correspondent. a new day and another gathering of nato leaders. it stuck together for 70 years, but for how much longer? here at a luxury hotel, more watford than london, the message from the host with unity. at the heart of it isa host with unity. at the heart of it is a pledge that we will come to one another‘s defence, all for one, that is the core of the article five nato security guarantee. though an

acknowledgement from nato's chief that there were divisions. it is nothing new that there are differences in the cell lines. going back to the suez crisis, the iraq war, there has always been differences. what we have proven and what we have showed today is that nato is able to overcome its differences. the leader of the alliance's most powerful military once cold nature obsolete. he has criticised members for not paying their way. that surprisingly here he has found himself defending the alliance. crossing swords with the fresh present to describe it as brain—dead. president macron arrived unrepentant. translation: i stand by my comment. yes, absolutely. in fact it allowed us to raise some crucial debates. those included how to create a durable peace in europe.

clarifying who was the enemy and how to act collectively against international terrorism in particular. so i think it was our responsibility to erase ambiguities that could be harmful and to tackle a real strategic debate. it has started, it will continue and i am satisfied. borisjohnson may have is an actual reasons for keeping some distance from the us president but here he cannot avoid him. and even the drums cannot avoid him. and even the drums cannot drown out the differences. the family photo of the increasingly dysfunctional family. unity was easy when there were just 12 and their only enemy was the old soviet union. now they are 29 and they see different threats. the turkey‘s president, standing next to president trump, it is kurdish fighters in northern syria. friendly forces to most of those her in the fight against isis. and then like all large families, that is the gossiping. who do you think canada's justin trudeau was talking about

her? if it was about him, 12 hours later was this making up? despite the differences they are still talking and trying to present a united front. the leader still hope to leave her with a declaration about the threat posed by russia and international terrorism. in knowledge and for the first time the challenge posed by a more powerful china. proof they hope that nato is still united. but in reality, it is becoming an increasingly awkward alliance. lots of awkwardness. london declaration has just of awkwardness. london declaration hasjust come of awkwardness. london declaration has just come out. we will hear more about it now in a news conference.

we are expecting that in about 20 minutes' time. we will bring it to you live, that will be the podium here, the press is gathered from all of the 29 member states of nato. we are looking at the declaration now, starting off by hailing what is frequently described as the most successful alliance in history, right off the top, reaffirming the commitment to article five, i have found an article of this alliance which is all about collective security. wilkinson now about whatever latvia or estonia came under attack, with the us rush to the defence? why our nato allies we re the defence? why our nato allies were denting more when it comes to us and textures actions in northern syria? us and textures actions in northern syria ? —— us and textures actions in northern syria? —— turkish actions. some of those have been provoked by those controversial comments by the french president. he said it was a wake—up call and one nato denies that, it is clear that it has had an impact. we

will hear more soon. back to you in london. two russian diplomats have been expelled by germany following the murder of a georgian citizen in a park in berlin. zelimkhan khangoshvili, a former chechen rebel commander, was shot twice in the head at close range in august. prosecutors have described it as an execution—style killing. the kremlin has denied involvement and says it will retaliate for the expulsions. i'm joined by our berlin correspondent, damien mcguinness. it sounds like a spy film. zelimkhan khangoshvili was walking in the middle of berlin, he was shot by a man cycling pass, twice in the head. the attacker was seen by eyewitnesses, shortly after german

police arrested a russian citizen who it seems was trying to throw the bike and the gun, the murder weapon into a nearby river. that is what prosecutors say. this russian citizen, it appears that, according to research over the last three days and weeks, was travelling under a fa ke and weeks, was travelling under a fake passport, a fake name. it appears that he is a sparse fact for appears that he is a sparse fact for a killing in russia many years ago. —— he isa a killing in russia many years ago. —— he is a suspect. this is that a german official saying this is a russian backed state—sponsored possible killing a political assassination in the centre of berlin on german soil, which is why we have seen the expulsion of these two... this must put extra pressure between germany and russia. that is right. they have said that the

state m e nts right. they have said that the statements from germany are unfriendly, how the statement from moscow has petted. and up substantiated. russian mps have now said they are going to be retaliation is from russia which could well be expulsions of german diplomats from moscow. what this all points to the is going right back to the war in the 1990s, the man who was killed was a georgian citizen, he was from georgia, an area where lots of them left, he fought against russia and alongside the separatists in the 1990s in that war. that effectively made him an enemy of the russian state. it appears there was a motivation for russia to kill him. i take you live to that nato said it now. the general secretary and is

making a statement. the piece in the security for all oui’ the piece in the security for all our lives are 70 is. we have looked to the future. 0ur meeting has once again demonstrated that nato remains the only place where europe and north america discuss, decide and act every day together. 0n strategic issues that concern our shared security. and all leaders were very clear, we stand together, all for one, and one for all. our commitment to article five, the collective defence clause of our alliance, is ironclad. today, is due to important decisions. we have increased the readiness and i can announce that we have delivered on the nato readiness initiative. allies have committed 30

battalions. 30 air squadrons, and 30 combat ships and available to nato within 30 days. we are declared space as the fed operational domain for nato, alongside land, air, sea and cyber. we have also agreed on a new action plan to step up our effo rts new action plan to step up our efforts in the fight against terrorism. all allies remain committed to the fight against isis and ourtraining committed to the fight against isis and our training mission in iraq and the training mission in afghanistan. today, leaders committed to ensuring the security and telecommunications infrastructure, including 56. we agreed to rely only on secure and resilient systems. allies further recognise the unprecedented progress we are making to achieve their

rabada sharing. this is the first year —— per the therear sharing. i'll allies have had they'd hundred 30 billion us dollars and by the end of 2024, that figure will rise to 400 us dollars. this is unprecedented. it is making nato stronger. but leaders agreed that we must and will do more. the leaders also took a range of other decisions on other important issues for our alliance. to enhance the protection of our energy and infrastructure, and how to ensure technological edge in the face of an emergency or disruptive technologies and to step up our response to hybrid threats. we had a discussion

about russia and the future arms control, we are committed to strong deterrence and defence while remaining open to meaningful dialogue with russia. nato is responding to russia's deployment of intermediate range nuclear capable missiles in the defensive and coordinated way. and we remain committed to strengthening and effective arms control, disarmament and nonproliferation. for the first time, we address the rise of china, both the challenges and the opportunities it paces. and implications for security. leaders agreed we need to address this together as an alliance and we must find ways to encourage china to participate in arms control arrangements. as the world changes, nato will continue to change. nato

is strong and are accomplishments over the last few years to adapt to a changing security environment are substantial. 0n a changing security environment are substantial. on that basis, we have agreed today to initiate a reflection process under my leadership to further strengthen the political dimension of nato. i want to thank the united kingdom for hosting this meeting of nato leaders with wonderful hospitality. we have mark the achievements over the first 70 years and set the course for the yea rs 70 years and set the course for the years to come. nato leaders have decided to meet again in 2021. with that, i am decided to meet again in 2021. with that, iam happy decided to meet again in 2021. with that, i am happy to take your questions. writers on the front row. thank you. secretary general, we know that turkey has been very

determined to hold up a plan for defending the baltics and poland, i wondered if he were able to resolve this issue today and if so, how? thank you. we have plans in place to protect all allies, including the baltic countries and poland and more than that, we not only have plans but we have forces and more forces than before. in the baltic countries and then pile in, for the first time the history of our lives, —— and poland. we have tripled the size of a nato readiness response force, so we can quickly reinforce and today we can quickly reinforce and today we have launched a new readiness initiative, we will add even more forces so that we can act quickly and reinforce if needed. these plans on how to protect the

different parts of the alliance, they are regularly updated and revised. today we have agreed to the updated ban for the baltic countries and poland. iwelcome updated ban for the baltic countries and poland. i welcome that and it shows that we are able to also move forward and update and revise plans, including defence plans for the baltic countries and poland, as we did today. from sky, in the middle, lady in the red dress. thank you. i am from sky news. you called nato the most successful military alliance in history and yet what we often see in the inner headlines are the disagreements, over this meeting with president trump, describing president macron as being disrespectful, president mccrone: nato braided, the turkish president calling present macron brain dead. are you worried that these public

disagreements are undermining the unity of the alliance? thank you. disagreements will always attract more attention than when we agree. that is how are society works, i do not complain about that, that is just a fact. second, there has been disagreements nato as long as this alliance has existed. we are 29 different countries from both sides of the atlantic, with different history, different geography and different political parties in power so of course there are differences. anything else would be very strange. the strength of nato is that we have a lwa ys the strength of nato is that we have always been able to overcome these differences and then unite around the defendant protect each other. that is what we will do today. a lot of important decisions, we have to remember we have had disagreements in this alliance since the suez crisis to the iraq war and many

more. what we pay today nato delivers on substance. we continue to adapt and respond. i have been a politician for many, politicians are criticised for being good on rhetoric and bad on substance. in nato, it is almost the opposite. rhetoric is not always excellent but is perfect. in the middle. yes. from afp. century mesh and russia, germany this morning and expelled two russian diplomats and said that as evidence moscow is behind the murder of a former rebel. how do you view president mccrone's

is strategic dialogue with russia, his call? —— emmanuel macron. we believe in a dialogue with russia because russia is our closest neighbour, our biggest neighbour and we need to strive for a debtor relationship with russia. and even if we are not able to the better relationship with russia in the near term, we need to manage a difficult relationship. high tensions, more military presence, we need to make sure that we have transparency to avoid incidents, accidents and if they happen to make sure that they don't buy were out of control and create really dangerous situations. nato and i, we believe in dialogue with russia. but we believe in the dual track approach, meaning

deterrence, defence and dialogue. as long as we are strong, united and fun, we can also engage in dialogue with russia including arms control. we must avoid a new arms race, it is expensive and dangerous and that is the reason why we so much regret the rye tee russian violation. we need to look into how we can strengthen the arms control process because we need agreements on keeping the levels of nuclear weapons. financial times. thank you. financial times. secretary general, you have spoken about arms control several times and they need to get china involved in arms control agreements. can you give usa arms control agreements. can you give us a bit more detail on exactly what the ideas are that you have discussed about how china might participate in international arms control? and also what about the

wider challenges that china presents, what are the security challenges that you are particularly worried about on china and what was discussed at a? thank you. nato has traditionally been focused on the solid union and then later on russia. this is the first time nato leaders have a discussion and address together based on our analysis, our assessment, a discussion about both the opportunities of the china, but also the challenges. the idea that now, the challenges. the idea that now, the 29 allies address this issue together as an important step in the right direction. secondly, this is not a one—dimensional issue. china provides great economic

opportunities, lifted millions of people out of poverty. at the same time, we seem china invest in new modern capabilities. the weeks ago, i knew intercontinental stigmas are able to reach europe and north america. they displayed hypersonic missiles, gliders, they have deployed hundreds of intermediate muscle which will be violating the treaty if china had been part of the treaty. we had started to address... let us take you away from the press conference and to president trump who are speaking to reporters in another area. he should be paying more than he is playing and he knows that. i can imagine that he is not that happy but that there is the way he is. where are you in terms of persuading other allies in allowing china... iam not other allies in allowing china... i am not working very hard on that

but i do think it is a security risk. it is a security danger and i spoke to italy and they look like they are not going to go forward with that. i spoke to other countries, they are not going to go forward. everyone i've spoken to is not going forward. how many countries can i speak to? going to speak to the whole world? it is a security risk in my opinion and our opinion, we are building it and we are starting it, but we are not using huawei. germany is a little bit under the limit, i will say that. we will talk about that now. —— we will not talk about that now. —— we will not talk about that now. thank you very much. we will be having a meeting and we are having another meeting with denmark and then we were publicly directly back to washington. president trump and angela merkel just about to have a meeting together, probably talking about how

much germany pays towards nato, he referred to that briefly in the last answer. let us go back to our correspondent who is there at the nato conference. we heard from the general secretary and the impression from him was very much underlying the fact this is an nato alliance, they are going to work as such moving forward despite the war of words over the last 24 hours. watching the images of two powerful nato leaders, president trump, angela merkel, they just nato leaders, president trump, angela merkel, theyjust spoke to reporters, going into their meeting. president trump has made it clear that one of the issues will be the achievements that was highlighted by the secretary, the news conferences continuing, burden sharing. president trump has made this one of his most important points when it comes to nato, the rating european

allies in canada saying you cannot depend on the united states to pay your way, to pay for your defence. there was unprecedented spending now, he said. an additional hundred $30 billion, going up to more than 400 billion. president trump insisting on that had an impact. there news conference byjens was a moment to say by all the reports on all the evidence of disunity in this alliance of 29 member states, there isa alliance of 29 member states, there is a lot of unity so he focuses on the success and shanks, including not just the success and shanks, including notjust burden sharing but what is called the nato readiness equipment. —— he focuses on the success and strength. all threats on the agenda, including russian defence systems, but also new ones for the first time, space has been declared a domain along with land, sea, air and

cyber. china was on the agenda this time for the first time. jens talking about the need to modernise nato, including a network which will include a 56 mobile network. although he did not mention the word while way, that is what is on the mind of some nato members —— huawei. they need a secure network, and not to china there. lastly, jason, with all the attention to president mcclung, what was called a political —— president macron, looking at the political dimension of nato. what happened in northern syria in 0ctober where president trump and president erdogan of turkey simply decided on moves inside northern syria without consulting their

allies. nato members like france and britain as well, which is also involved in the fight against islamic state, they want to have some consultation about this. we are looking at this, the family plato, 29 members, their sexyjudges sent a message that we are like any family —— mark the secretary sent a message that we are like anyfamily secretary sent a message that we are like any family with disagreements, but we are united. whilst president trump is just north of london, his democratic opponents in washington are moving forward with their impeachment inquiry. the house intelligence committee says there is ‘overwhelming' evidence that mr trump placed personal political interests ‘above the national interests of the united states,‘ by putting pressure on ukraine to investigate his rival, joe biden. i'm joined now by natasha lindstaedt, who is professor of government at the university of essex. where do we go from here? explained

to viewers. the health intelligence committee put together a report that they have approved, the judicial committee will hold a hearing. the chairman has only said there will be theirs hearing on wednesday. they will be asking questions to legal experts because they are trying to figure out using the constitution as a basis if trump did anything to constitute an impeachable offence. they will vote on this with a simple majority, laying out what they think the articles of impeachment are and thenit the articles of impeachment are and then it will go to the full house to vote and that only needs another just majority to pass. and they think that is going to happen before the end of the year and then it will go to the senate which will hold a trial which will take place in january. fundamentally, impeachment is a political process, not a legal one. eventually, if it does make it to the senate, we are expecting

senators to vote along party lines, aren't we? right. we have seen that trump has almost complete control over the republican party. none of the republicans supported the enquiry, i do not think any of the republicans are going to vote in the house to support the impeachment articles and i think it is definite that in the senate, there is no way they are going to get republicans to switch to the other side. they have made it clear in the senate that they are completely disengaged from this process, i think it is not legitimate, they think it is a witchhunt. they will be unlikely, they are very unlikely to support they are very unlikely to support the democrats on this matter. making matters harder, they were needed two thirds majority to convicted president anyway. natasha, thank you so much forjoining us. a study suggests global carbon dioxide emissions have risen slightly this year, by 0.6% despite a drop

in the use of coal. a 10% downturn in the use of coal in the united states and the european union, along with a weaker economic performance from china and india saw an expected rise in coal fail to materialise. but it was more than offset by soaring natural gas use, which is set to hit record levels in 2019. police searching the australian outback have found a body believed to be that of a missing woman. claire hockridge was part of a group that went missing two weeks ago after they split up when their car got stuck in remote terrain south of alice springs. her two companions have been found safe. around the world, children are far more likely than they once were to develop an allergy. it's particularly noticeable in the west — peanut allergies have increased five—fold in the uk since the 1990s. a new study suggests one way to combat the problem is giving