welcome to bbc news, i'm james reynolds. our top stories: marathon talks on climate change close in madrid, but a compromise deal prompts scathing criticism. we will never accept crumbs of a future, and we will make the polluters pay. this cop has failed the people and the planet. indian police confront demonstrators on the streets of delhi as protests over a new citizenship law intensify. running battles in the lebanese capital, beirut. thousands of anti—government protesters clash with police. and putin's 20 years in power. a special report on the

changing face of russia. the longest session of un climate talks ever held has come to an end in madrid. after an extra two days and nights of talks, all countries agreed to develop tougher carbon—cutting plans in time for another major conference to be hosted next year by the uk, in glasgow. the deal, seen as a compromise, has been criticised by the un secretary general as a lost opportunity. our science editor david shukman has the details. we're starting to get a little lost. we are kind of lost. 0k. confusion and fatigue, after the longest session of climate negotiations on record. we are a little confused about what documents are being discussed. the hope had been to speed up the fight against rising temperatures.

instead, the talks limped to a compromise that left many unhappy, especially the island nations that fear for their futures. i'm exhausted. ifeel like much, much more could have been done. and i'm thinking about how i'm going to go home and explain that this was a really, really challenging process, especially for the island states and other developing nations. the gases driving up temperatures are being blasted out in ever greater quantities, and the most vulnerable countries were banking on getting new promises to cut these emissions. their worry is that a hotter world will see more melting of the ice caps, and a higher sea level, threatening coastlines around the world. the whole point of these talks over the last quarter of a century has been to try to stop global temperatures from rising to dangerous levels.

the world has already warmed byjust over one degree celsius over the last 150 years, and a rise of up to 1.5 degrees is regarded as the maximum safe limit. but, even with all the pledges that countries have made on climate change, we're still heading for an increase of at least three degrees, despite all these conferences. so what happens now? the world's biggest polluter, china, is still using coal, the dirtiest kind of fuel, and has plans to burn a lot more of it. but there are hints that next year we will see a greener chinese policy emerge. applause. that would help the uk. the former minister claire o'neill is now in the chair of the un process. she'll need plenty of support ahead of the next summit, due in glasgow next november. one of the things at this moment made more difficult for the uk is the fact they have a much tighter set of negotiating items

they will have to deal with next year. but the actual lift, in terms of delivering more action, was always going to be a big lift, and they can't do it on their own. and, all the time, reminders of the threat. australia is enduring unprecedented bushfires, and the coming days there could also see record heat. david shukman, bbc news. in india, at least six people have been killed after police and demonstrators clashed over a controversial new law on migrants. the law allows people from three mainly muslim countries to become indian citizens if they claim religious persecution, but not if they are muslim. pratiksha ghildial reports. extraordinary scenes in india's capital. this is the fifth straight day of violent protests across many parts of the country. screaming and yelling. here, the security forces clash with students from a top university. the students claim the police violently entered the jamia millia islamia university and assaulted them.

the police say they were attacked with stones. the students were protesting against india's new citizenship law, that allows migrants from neighbouring countries to get indian citizenship, except if they are muslims. it's notjust delhi that has erupted with anger. in the north—eastern state of assam, they're on the streets for different reasons. these people fear the new law will lead to them being overrun by migrants from neighbouring bangladesh, both hindus and muslims. at least two people were killed here, reportedly in firing by security forces. 17—year—old sam stafford was one of them. a passionate musician, he wanted to show solidarity with his friends who were protesting against the new citizenship law. "we got a call that sam was hit by bullets", she tells me, "and he died on the spot. i wantjustice.

i want to know why he was shot. he committed no crime." meanwhile, people are determined to show resistance, even as the authorities continue the clampdown. pratiksha ghildial, bbc news, assam. let's get some of the day's other news: us senate democratic leader chuck schumer wants at least four witnesses, including white house acting chief of staff mick mulvaney and former national security adviserjohn bolton, to be subpoenaed to testify in the expected impeachment trial of president donald trump. mr trump is expected to become the third us president to be impeached when the full democratic—led house of representatives votes on the charges, likely this week. the turkish president, recep tayyip erdogan, has confirmed that he would consider expelling american forces from turkey's incirlik air base if washington presses ahead with sanctions. he made the comments in a live

broadcast on turkish radio. the editor of the online magazine rappler has appeared in court in the philippines to answer charges of cyber libel. maria ressa is a prominent critic of president duterte. she says the trial is politically motivated and aimed at shutting her website down. the us special envoy for north korea, stephen biegun, has held a news conference after meetings with south korean officials. he arrived in seouljust hours after north korea announced it had conducted another successful rocket engine test. mr biegun said he is hopeful it is still possible to negotiate an end to pyongyang's nuclear and missile programmes. i believe we can do this, but the united states cannot do it alone. therefore, here today, let me speak directly to our counterparts in north korea. it is time for us to do ourjobs.

let's get this done. we are here, and you know how to reach us. we can now speak to our seoul correspondent laura bicker. laura, the us envoy is speaking. is north korea listening? doesn't seem to be. i think there was much hope here in seoul that certainly stephen biegun would be allowed to meet his north korean counterparts. there we re eve n north korean counterparts. there were even reports in the newspapers here. with that direct plea, it seems as if stephen biegun is having to talk to north korea through a television camera rather than face—to—face, and the clock is ticking. north korea has imposed a year and deadline for washington to come up with an acceptable deal. they have said that, if the united states does not come forward with a

deal that involves extensive sanctions relief and security guarantees, then they will choose a new path. now, we're not quite sure what that new path entails, but they are giving us several hints. within the last few months there have been a number of short—range ballistic missile tests, and within the last week there have been two apparent tests of a rocket engine. now, that is not a weapon in and of itself, but it can be used to launch intercontinental ballistic missiles. these other long—range missiles capable of hitting the united states. also, it could be for potential satellite launch. these other two things certainly that a nalysts a re other two things certainly that analysts are watching. but when it comes to those talks, the analysts are looking and it doesn't appear that stephen biegun and his north korean counterparts are able to talk directly. that is a fascinating point. you said he is talking through the tv screen. they can't just pick up the phone to each other? the methods of contacting north korea is quite difficult. there is a mission in new york

where, would you believe it, they still use a fax machine to talk with north korea. so there are various channels by which they can communicate, but it can be very difficult. what i understand certainly from us officials as it can be very difficult to get pyongyang to answer any of their pleas for talks. so it does seem that stephen biegun is making a direct plea here. he also said the united states doesn't accept that there is a deadline. they say that there is a deadline. they say that the united states has a goal of reaching denuclearisation. that is not what north korea is saying. it says it has a deadline and it is fast approaching. who knew fax machines were still being used. thank you very much. anti—government protesters in the lebanese capital, beirut, have again clashed with security forces. protesters threw bottles and fireworks at police officers, who responded with tear gas and water cannon. on monday, the lebanese parliament will consider whom to nominate as prime minister to replace saad al—hariri, who resigned in october. claire sedman reports. beirut is once again a flashpoint

for protest. tea rgas beirut is once again a flashpoint for protest. teargas choked the air as police took aim with water cannon at protesters flooding into the city's central square. translation: iam here, city's central square. translation: i am here, and city's central square. translation: iam here, and i've got city's central square. translation: i am here, and i've got nothing to lose. i'm ready to sacrifice my life for the revolution, so that lebanon can bea for the revolution, so that lebanon can be a real homeland. for the first time in my life, ifeel that i can dream of a new homeland, a real one. on saturday, fierce clashes broke out between demonstrators, counter protesters and police. the government has opened an enquiry following claims of excessive use of force. lebanon's ailing economy, high unemployment, dire public services, saw unrest to begin in october. the prime minister and central government figures have resigned. on monday, consultations

to form a new cabinet will begin. protesters want to overhaul the entire political system, but the sunni establishment has previously backed the return of former prime minister saad al—hariri. the clashes, the most severe in decades, and reignited this weekend, are both ideological and physical. it seems they are far from over, and set to enter a new phase. stay with us on bbc news. still to come: reversing america's urban decline. how mexican immigrants brought a ghost town back to life. saddam hussein is finished because he killed our people, our women, our children. the signatures took only a few minutes, but they have brought

a formal end to 3.5 years of conflict, conflict that has claimed more than 200,000 lives. before an audience of world leaders, the presidents of bosnia, serbia and croatia put their names to the peace agreement. the romanian border was sealed and silent today. romania has cut itself off from the outside world in order to prevent the details of the presumed massacre in timisoara from leaking out. from sex at the white house to a trial for his political life, the lewinsky affair tonight guaranteed bill clinton his place in history as only the second president ever to be impeached. this is bbc world news. the latest headlines: critics have attacked a compromise deal on tackling climate change. they say the un summit in madrid failed the people and the planet. violence in the indian capital, delhi, as protesters say a new citizenship law

discriminates against muslims. it's 20 years since vladimir putin came to power, first as prime minister and then as president of russia. in that time, he's built a system of power which revolves around him, resulting in all major decisions being taken by the kremlin. that's why many russians feel that they have to go directly to him to solve their problems, sometimes with remarkable success, as steve rosenberg reports from eastern siberia. russian rulers are like siberian winters — they go on and on. joseph stalin's icy grip spanned a quarter of a century. brezhnev ruled 18 years. foeradimir putin, it's already 20 and counting. nadyezhda is a putin fan.

when eight houses in her village burnt down, she went on tv and begged the president for help. the very next day, mr putin sent in the builders, and — abracadabra — new homes, courtesy of the kremlin. nadyezhda even got to meet russia's leader and shake his hand. translation: people in the village told me, "don't wash your hand for a year." some of them asked me to shake their hands with the hand the president shook. under putin, russia has risen from her knees. let him stay in power. give him another 20 years. this is exactly how vladimir putin wants his people to see him — as the solution to their problems, not as the cause of them. and because the kremlin controls the media here, and the whole political system,

for the last 20 years, it has been able to push this message quite successfully. over the last two decades, vladimir putin has honed the image of modern—day tsar, all—powerful, irreplaceable. but not everyone in russia believes that's a good thing. someone who's been in powerfor that long cannot avoid beginning to think that he is very special, that he is more intelligent than anyone else, that he knows it all. gradually, you succumb to this aura of being the only and the one great, and so on, and that's very dangerous for a country. boris yeltsin didn't succumb. 20 years ago, he stepped down early to hand over to putin. valentin yumashev played a key role in that decision. as boris yeltsin‘s chief of staff,

he had hired putin to be his deputy, and later recommended him to yeltsin as a possible future president. so, what does he think? will putin leave office when constitutionally obliged to, infouryears‘ time? translation: if we asked putin now about 2024, he'd say 100% that he will step down. but that's four years away. the situation will be different. we don't know what vladimir putin will do then. what we do know is that although russian winters are long, they do end eventually, and so eventually will the putin era. but what comes next, what kind of leader, it's too soon to predict. steve rosenberg, bbc news, siberia. here in the uk, the labour leaderjeremy corbyn and the shadow chancellor

john mcdonnell have apologised for the party's defeat in thursday's general election. it saw the party lose 59 seats. mr corbyn said he was sorry they "came up short", while mr mcdonnell said he "owns this disaster". here's our political correspondent nick eardley. thejeremy corbyn era is coming to an end, but what will that mean for the labour party? how much does the party need to change after its disastrous election result? this morning, mr corbyn said he took his responsibility. his right—hand man went further. it's on me. let's take it on the chin. i own this disaster. so i apologise. i apologise to all those wonderful labour mps who've lost their seats who worked so hard. i apologise to all our campaigners. that apology only goes so far. they insist the radical policy agenda was

popular. if there is one criticism and this is a self criticism is not having a narrative that convinced people about how this all fits in together. the battle for the labour leadership is likely to be bruising, because there are vastly different interpretations of what went wrong. some want a leader who will continue with mr corbyn‘s message, but just find a better way of selling it. others want a leader who will drag the party back to the political centre. others still want a leader who can appeal to the north, who can say to those labour voters who abandoned the party for the conservatives over brexit, we understand you. lisa says she is thinking about running. we had the most shattering defeat where you really felt in towns like mine the earth was quaking and we have watched the entire labour base crumble beneath oui’ entire labour base crumble beneath our feet. we have to think seriously about how we rebuild the coalition

that has propelled us into power three times in the last 100 years, and how you speak for both. there are other big ramifications from thursday's vote too. independence has shot up the agenda after the snp‘s victory in scotland. the uk government says the last independence vote should be respected. nicola sturgeon says she has a mandate for a new one. cheering you cannot hold scotland in the union against its will. you cannot sort ofjust lock us in a cupboard and turn the key and hope that everything goes away. if the union, if the united kingdom is to continue, then it can only be by consent. borisjohnson‘s government, meanwhile, prepares to get down to business. on thursday, there will be a queen's speech with a focus on the nhs, and, yes, delivering brexit next month. our intention is to bring the withdrawal bill, the legislation, back to parliament before christmas. this week? ideally before christmas, as soon as possible would be perfect. new mps will start to arrive here tomorrow

to a very different political landscape. some questions, like will brexit happen, have been answered. others, like the future of labour and perhaps the uk, are being asked as loudly as ever. a slice of life now from the american state of oklahoma and the town of guymon. 20 years ago, it was almost wiped off the map with a dwindling population and a lack of industry. then, mexican immigrants started arriving, giving the town a new outlook and a brighter future. we've been to oklahoma to see how the hispanic community has helped the district turn its fortunes around. guymon oklahoma was at risk of becoming a ghost town so many places in america's great plains, but its fortunes have turned around thanks to newcomers who made here home.

the primers of new zealand is holding a news conference. today our thoughts continue to be with the family of those who died and were injured in the white island eruption. i do want to give an overview of the status of the tragedy one week on. police with the navy will continue their recovery operation for the two remaining victims, reassessing the risk each day. lisa begun to release the names of some the limbs. our health professionals continue to care for 14 professionals continue to care for 1a people in hospital, ten in a critical condition. 13 people have been transferred to australia. one has sadly passed away upon their return. the colonial team is working to identify and return victims to their loved ones. steen people have 110w their loved ones. steen people have now been confirmed deceased. many succumbing to the injuries after

first responders removed them from the island. the volcanic alert level of the island remains at level two. alongside people across new zealand, we observed a minute's silence at 2:11pm, including the entire cabinet. our thoughts continue to be with the families who are past and with the families who are past and with those who are injured. as i have said many times, there remain oui’ have said many times, there remain our questions to be asked and questions to be answered. as you will know, on the 10th of december, worksafe opened a health and safety investigation into the harm and loss of life caused by the eruption. they will do this as a workplace health and safety regulator and administrator of the venture activities regulations. as i said at the time, they will be investigating and considering all of the relevant work, health and safety issues surrounding this tragic event. the health and safety act covers work

and workplaces in new zealand and worksafe as the primary regulator. it will also encompasses public safety affected by work. the primary duty of care is held by the person conduct in or under caging and they, usually an organisation, are required to manage the health and safety risk to people, including workers and public arising from the activities. tour operators, cruise ship companies, emergency response and land owners fall under this. worksafe can prosecute for breaches of the act and penalties in criminal sanctions range from $50,000 to $3 million and up to five years in prison. i understand the worksafe investigation may take a year. the coronial processes are also likely to continue for some time. as a cabinet, we know that it is possible there will be broader issue that

won't be covered by these enquiries. therefore, i have asked for advice from officials to look into whether there are any gaps that need to be addressed that fall outside of a potential coronial enquiry and the worksafe investigation. i expect advice on this in the new year. i can also confirm that today cabinet approved a $5 million fund for the impact of recent events both in whakatane impact of recent events both in wha katane and westland. impact of recent events both in whakatane and westland. particularly this fund will focus on small businesses who may have been adversely affect it. obviously, we have criteria established from past events that may have had similar effects on small businesses. criteria will be established, drawing on experience of the past andi drawing on experience of the past and i delegated group of ministers will work through the criteria and administration of the fund over the

summer administration of the fund over the summer period. i don't see this necessarily being the totality in need of both of these areas, but we thought important to make sure that we we re thought important to make sure that we were working to address immediate needs in wha katane, we were working to address immediate needs in whakatane, but also in westla nd. needs in whakatane, but also in westland. in terms of the week ahead, pa rliament‘s westland. in terms of the week ahead, parliament's final westland. in terms of the week ahead, pa rliament‘s final sitting day will be on wednesday and i will be in the house of question time and the adjournment debate. on tuesday, i will be at the closing ceremony and attendance along side minister davis. for now, though, iam happy to ta ke davis. for now, though, iam happy to take any questions that you might have. inaudible. we haven't concluded the establishment of the criteria. what we are acknowledging is that it is likely to be wider impacts on an

area, a place that has traditionally relied on tourism for employment and for economic activity. so i am going to allow alongside ministers to work through some of the final criteria. keeping in mind obviously there are a number of employees who are and have been affected and will be affected by what has happened on white island. inaudible. again, pointing out that we haven't concluded the establishment of the criteria or how this distribution of funds will work except to acknowledge that there will be impacts for wha katane acknowledge that there will be impacts for whakatane in the same way we expect impacts of westland. we have established a contingency which ministers will now work through the criteria to support those communities.

inaudible. no, not at all. obviously we have regulatory regimes around the management of risk and particularly health and safety regulations. those are entirely separate. i do not see... isimply are entirely separate. i do not see... i simply do not agree that acc in any way has led to their being less focus on health and safety issues. beasley here we need to work through a process and worksafe will around exactly what has happened in this case —— word inaudible.. inaudible.. do inaudible.. do you inaudible.. do you envisage inaudible.. do you envisage it inaudible.. do you envisage it could go as far... not necessarily. in fact, keeping in

mind, obviously what worksafe are able to do can be reasonably comprehensive, and also potential coronial inquests equally. having looked back over some of the accidents previously in new zealand, the 2008 canyon disaster for example, we had a parachuting incident in fox glacier and both those cases you saw the then department of labour who help in that time or transport accident investigation commission investigate alongside coronial inquests, so we haven't always had separate inquiries again. what i want to ensure is that we answer all the questions that need to be answered to try and do that with a little duplication as possible, but i am waiting for a bit more advice on that. inaudible. again, having looked at a number of

accidents, significant events in recent yea rs accidents, significant events in recent years in new zealand, have often been investigated by for insta nce often been investigated by for instance a department of labour, coronial inquests. they haven't always been separate inquiries. what i want to make sure is that we answer all of the questions we need to answer... we are listening to the prime minister, jacinda ardern who has been speaking one week after the eruption of the volcano on white island and 16 people were killed. she has given a number of thoughts, saying her thoughts are with the families of the. the police and navy continue their recovery operation. some names of victims have been released. the volcanic alert remains. present it a questions need to be asked and a number of investigations will happen. one may take a year. she said a $5 million fund will be established and will continue to cover the story over the next few hours.