hello, i'm ros atkins, this is outside source. the day after the vote and mr trump has a new status — he is now an impeached president. republicans and democrats are now arguing over how the trial will proceed, with the democrats withholding the articles of impeachment until they get their way. our founders, when they wrote the constitution, they suspected that there could be a rogue president. i don't think they suspected we could have a rogue president and a rogue leader in the senate at the same time. another record heatwave in australia as hundreds of fires burn out of control. we'll look at what's causing them and why climate change scepticism is still so prevalent in australia. the winner and loserfrom the uk election have a frosty reunion in the commons,

as the queen's speech spells out the ambition of borisjohnson‘s new government. my government's priority is to deliver the united kingdom's departure from the european union on the 31st of january. one of the world's biggest free trade agreements, the us mexico canada deal, is set to be passed by the us congress anytime now. we'll be live in new york with all the latest. yesterday, donald trump was impeached by the house of representatives. next comes a trial in the senate. but today, democrats are saying they'll hold off sending the articles of impeachment to the senate unless republicans change their terms. we'll have more on that in a moment,

but first in the last hour president trump has been speaking. i don't feel like i am being engaged, because it's a hoax, it's a setup, it's a horrible thing they did. they happen to have a small majority and they took that small majority and they took that small majority and they forced people and they said, oh, no, we don't want to talk to anybody, they put the arm on everybody, they tried to get them to do what they wanted to do for the many people were likejeff but they didn't want to vote that way. president trump has also announced that this man, white house lawyer pat sipolloney, is likely to be his main lawyer for the senate impeachment trial. but a standoff is developing between the republicans and democrats over how that will proceed. here's the speaker of the house, nancy pelosi. we'd like to see a fair process, but we'll see what they have and we'll be ready for whatever it is. is that your requirement, you need to see fair process before sending it over? we would hope there would be a fair process, just as we hope

that they would honour the constitution, by the way. i didn't see it but i heard some of what mitch mcconnell said today, and it reminded me that our founders, when they wrote the constitution, they suspected that there could be a rogue president. i don't think they suspected that we could have a rogue president and a rogue leader in the senate at the same time. so republicans and democrats are arguing over how the trial will proceed. but in the end the republicans have a majority in the senate, and their leader there is mitch mcconnell. the opposition to impeachment was bipartisan. only one part of one faction wanted this outcome. the house's conduct risks deeply damaging the institutions of american government. this particular house of representatives has let its partisan rage at this

particular president create a toxic new precedent that will echo well into the future. so could this become a drawn out affair. here's michael izikoff, the chief investigative correspondent at yahoo news. that leaves open the question that, rather than a rapid trial, as a lot of us had expected for quite some time, this could be prolonged. we don't know yet. at the heart of the disagreement is witnesses. the democrats want former and current white house staffers to give testimony at the senate trial. senator mcconnell has blocked that move. here's the leading democrat in the senate, chuck schumer. if the house case is so weak, why is leader mcconnell so afraid of witnesses and documents? we believe the house case is strong, very strong, but if the republican leader believes it's so weak, why is he so afraid of relevant

witnesses and documents, which will not belong things very long in our proposal, four hours for each witness. —— which will not prolong things. and just a reminder — there were witnesses at the last impeachment trial, that of bill clinton. but they gave evidence in private, and excerpts were played during the trial. there is no sign the republicans are even considering that form of witness statement. a few things to work through with gary o'donoghue. what has mr trump been saying? as you would expect, not feeling he has been impeached, and i think that's a reference to the idea that there is not a ground swell in the country or people on the streets, i think that is what he is driving at. difficult to assess that, really, but also wrapping himself in the grand old pa rty‘s cloak, parading wrapping himself in the grand old party's cloak, parading today a convert from the democrats, a member of congress who has switched over to

the republican side who voted against impeachment last night as a democrat, in effect, so he has been going down that line, and also talking a little bit about the senate trial, he was asked whether he might have the white house counsel as his lawyer, and he indicated that might be an idea, the official white house counsel, and therefore he is actually the president's lawyer. bank a matter of that isn't confirmed? he free wheels in these situations, their in mind, answering questions. it doesn't necessarily mean that will happen, and given that we don't know the rules of the senate trial yet, you might want to hang on to see what kind of lawyer and what kind of team you would assemble, given those rules, so i think that is, asi given those rules, so i think that is, as i say, just him shooting the breeze of it, like he does stop for the democrats, is there a calculation, the longer this goes

on, the more political time and capital they use up for something they know probably won't end up in impeachment? what is their thinking? i think there are upsides and downsides, and nobody how can predict how the cards will fall in terms of the legacy of this impeachment, whether it would be politically advantageous one way or the other, but the longer it goes on, the democrats might get some concessions in that senate trial, but the problem is they have got their own business of choosing a presidential candidate to do, and several of them are senators who have been involved in the trial, and that process begins in february, so they can't hang on too long. they don't want the trial going on to that sort of period. and they might see some erosion of their support in the opinion polls if they are seen to be dragging theirfeet on the opinion polls if they are seen to be dragging their feet on the process. there are a number of para meters process. there are a number of parameters that come into play, and thatis parameters that come into play, and that is why i think you are seeing nancy pelosi in particular being very cautious with her own party, refusing to allow any triumphalism

over this, because that would risk alienating the public, i am sure. we have spoken to gary every day this week, and we have also talked about australia. hundreds of fires continue to burn out of control across australia. and there are more fatalities. two nsw rfs volunteer firefighters have died tonight near buxton, in south western sydney." these are all the current fires burning. there is a particular concentration in new south wales, but there are many others elsewhere. and they're likely to worsen with more hot, dry weather is forecast. australia is waking up to another day of extreme heat. it's the hottest place in the world right now. thursday set a new record — the average temperature was 41.9 celsius. but temperatures in some places went much higher. in south australia, temperatures reached 49.9 degrees. that's so hot the roads melted.

of course, australia is always hot and dry at this time of year, but not like this. the fire season has started earlier and the temperatures are higher. that is why we are seeing more and more pictures like this coming in. this is from the blue mountains to the west of sydney. this is the same fire — it's being called the mega blaze because several fires have come together. already over 400,000 hectares have been burnt — and it's not finished yet. across the state of new south wales — where all of these pictures are from — a state of emergency has been declared. and these fires are affecting air quality. these pictures are from sydney where doctors say the smoke's causing a health crisis. the bbc‘s phil mercer is in sydney, where extreme heat and smoke have become part of every day.

the streets here in sydney's outer western suburbs are almost deserted. air quality is at a hazardous level. it is so bad. my eyes are stinging, my throat is dry and my lungs feel sore from all of the smoke blown in from the bushfires. scientists say extreme weather events like these fires are becoming more frequent and more extreme because of climate change. and despite the overwhelming scientific consensis around climate change, it remains a controversial issue in australia. bear in mind fossilfuels — which contribute a great deal to climate change — are a major australian export. look at how the story is being covered differently. here are two headlines in friday's newspapers — one in the sydney morning herald, considered to be editorially left—leaning, the other from the rupert murdoch owned right—leaning newspaper the australian. you can see the australian trumpeting coal exports and taking aim at a group of former fire chiefs who criticised the government's actions at the recent un climate

summit in spain. here's what they said earlier this week. we had no moral leadership, as we saw in madrid. the bushfires were not even mentioned. other countries were aghast that, while australia burns, our government went over there and argued against tougher emissions standards. this has to change. i'd like to tell you what prime minister scott morrison thinks about this week's escalation. but he's on holiday so i can't. that's prompted plenty of people to use the hashtag #wherethebloodyhellareyou. that's a reference to this tourism campaign slogan which was launched when he headed the tourism agency. the model who was in that campaign has evenjoined in. the acting prime minister has defended mr morrison.

everybody deserves a break. he's worked hard this year. he's achieved great things for australia. everybody deserves a holiday. protestors have been demonstrating outside the prime minister's sydney home — he's not there of course. but the holiday isn't their main issue — it's his government's policies on climate and energy. remember this from 2017. he brought a piece of coal into parliament to show his support for the industry. australia is the world's biggest exporter of coal — most of it goes to china and japan. and coal—mining employs 38,000 australians. despite that, the protesters outside his house are saying things have to change. heatwaves are becoming longer and more severe. our bushfire season is creeping into spring and winter. we are living in a dangerous climate and it is time for our prime minister to get out of the pockets of the coal and gas lobby groups and start thinking

about the future of australians. australia was criticised in madrid for a plan where it will attempt to meet its commitments under paris climate accord in part by using emissions credits it earned several years back under a previous climate plan. the paris agreement aims to keep the global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees celsius above pre—industrial levels. its architect — the former french environment minister laurence tubiana — has said... so some strident criticism. but scott morrison has repeatedly defended the country's climate policies — here he is at the un back in september. australia's internal and global critics on climate change willingly overlook or perhaps ignore our achievements, as the facts simply don't fit

the narrative they wish to project about our contribution. australia is responsible forjust 1.3% of global emissions. australia is doing our bit on climate change. earlier this year, the thinktank the lowee institute released a report which found 64% of the population sees climate change as "a critical threat". have a look at this graph from the report — the dark blue here shows the number of people who say global warming is a serious problem and want steps taken even if that involves significant costs. then in light blue are the people who think it's a threat, but believe in more gradual action. the orange is people who want to be sure that climate change poses a threat before any steps are taken that may have economic consquences. have a look at how that compares globally — this is research from 2018.

it looks at attitudes towards climate change. the dark green here shows how many people consider global climate change a major threat. australia is a long way down the list in terms of percentage of people who are actively concerned. the bbc‘s been speaking to people in sydney. don't get me started on the government! that's just... yeah, he should be doing so much more. the bushfires, ithink, are just a normal part of australia. a little bit worse this year, but ten years ago was the same, and i am not so sure that climate change is responsible for what we are experiencing here. latika burke is a journalist with the sydney morning herald newspaper, based in london. i spoke to her earlier. there has been a very ferocious debate in australia for about the last decade,

and its been split largely down this idea that the climate science is something that can be questioned, climate change, if it is happening at all, is not the fault of human activity, and then on the other side disbelief that we should have been acting a lot earlier to introduce carbon trading schemes, something was tried and failed the government was defeated over, and the other idea, that we should be also transitioning our very fossil fuel dependent economy to renewables. so far, those debates have not really had any outcome. it's continued to slip. as we just saw in your excellent summation, with no resolution except what we are seeing this summer, and that is a catastrophic weather event, which scientists always said to australians australia would be at the front line of climate change. when it comes, it will mean more extreme weather events of what we already experience, and that's the floods, that's the droughts and the bushfires. help me understand the coal industry within political discourse in australia. i was mentioning 38,000 people work within it. that's a significant number, but it's not a huge number in the context of australia's population but it seems, looking from afar, the coal industry has become symbolic

of something larger. well, australia has not had a recession. at a time when the global recession happened, the global financial crisis happened, australia kept growing as an economy, and that was largely because of our mining industry. so australians also inherently understand that that is part of our lifeblood. if we are going to transition to a cleaner economy, it has to be done gradually, so there has been a reluctance in the australian political psyche to have to pay for what we know is coming. i think that is probably starting to change, and extreme weather events like this certainly underline, and the reaction, particularly among younger members of the community, that australia has not lifted its weight enough. younger members of the community may be more minded to be worried about climate change anyway but i wonder, as your newspaper interacts with its leadership, whether you can see this particular bushfire crisis shifting the dialogue in australia? yes, we have had an enormous response to our paper, the sydney morning herald. we had thousands and thousands of readers writing in,

anxious and worried about this. to put this into context, some of my friends at home have been texting me that their children cannot go out to play, children cannot go to summer camp and spend a day outdoors. they have all been indoors. children are coming home with their eyes swollen and red. this is not normal in australia. and we'll have more on that story from our science editor david shukman later in this edition of outside source. stay with us on outside source. inafew in a few minutes, news from russia. three people have been killed in a shoot out close to the security services hq in moscow. a man who murdered his baby son and tried to kill his partner has been jailed for life with a minimum term of 23 years at newcastle crown court. fiona trott has this report. no tears, no hysteria. not what

you'd expect from a man who'd just murdered his baby. it stabbed his partner as well to stop how come you have got blood on you?” partner as well to stop how come you have got blood on you? i killed her. amazingly, his partner, andrea, survived. she was stabbed six times. today she made this statement. but he made her a victim throughout their relationship, a victim of coercive control, a very different life to the one portrayed on social media. this is outside source live from the bbc newsroom. our lead story is... president trump may

have been impeached but republicans and democrats are now locked in a standoff over how the senate trial will proceed. at least one person has been killed and five wounded in a shooting in moscow. a gunman reportedly opened fire outside the headquarters of the security services, the fsb, in central moscow. part of the shootout was captured on camera. heavy gunfire. more details have been emerging about the incident. the fsb has said this was a lone attacker, who has now been "neutralised". here's olga ivshina from bbc russian.

hours after the incident, there are still conflicting accounts of what has happened. the initial version reported by the press office was that three strangers walked into the public reception and opened fire. two of them were immediately killed and one of them managed to run out, continued shooting and then killed a traffic police officer. then he ran into a building, barricaded himself, then there was an exchange of fire with russian special forces which arrived at the scene and later he was killed. a few minutes later came another account, again by officials, who now say there was just one shooter and that he was killed and he never managed to open the building. there are lots of videos on russian social media depicting bits and bobs of what has happened. it's hard to understand which exact moment they refer to. but there was a harsh contrast

with those gunshots which are heard in harsh contrast with glamorous pictures of moscow which you can see in the background, with all the christmas lights and stuff, and that is a harsh reminderfor russians that the situation can turn from holiday to something really volatile just in seconds. in the past few minutes, the us house of representatives has voted to approve one of the world's biggest free trade deals. the us mexico canada deal rewrites the rules for trade worth about $1.2 trillion a year. it replaces nafta. some of its key features include strengthened enforcement of labour and environmental rules, and more flexibility on drug pricing. let's speak to zoe thomas, who is with us from new york. we have heard a lot about the labour enforcement sight of this. how will it work

compared with its predecessor?“ you think back to negotiations, it seemed at one point this deal would not be done, so the fact they have got here is a real win. one main thing the deal does is modernise a lot was in nafta to begin with. there are provisions for checking and inspecting mexican factories to ensure they are following labour rules requiring a number of parts to be made in either the us, canada or mexico, if they are to qualify for these tariffs. howard drug pricing work? democrats were really focused on this. there was originally a provision in the bill that allowed for a ten year patent on very expensive types of drugs, and they required it would be removed, they said, if we have a free trade bill, these drugs should be allowed in it, which would make it more accessible to consumers who will meet these prescription drugs in the us. —— who

will need these. the city of london is one of the world's most important financial hubs but it's also very competitive and every little advantage is crucial. so when this man, the governor of the bank of england, mark carney speaks every word is dissected by traders looking to make more money. but if they can hear what he said just a few seconds ahead of their rivals they can make more cash. and that's exactly what might have been happening according to this story on the frontpage of the times, which says some traders could have accessed an audio feed ahead of the video feed. our business editor simon jack has the background. the bank of england governor gives a press conference after a big announcement, maybe interest rates or something, and that is broadcast over live video feeds. there is also a back—up audio feed which is recorded in case the live video goes down, and the audio files are much smaller than the video ones, so they can be transmitted four to eight seconds ahead of the other feed.

it turns out that this service has been openly advertised and people are buying it, and it's a massive embarrassment for the bank. if you listen to central bank governors, you will know it sounds like technical gobbledygook, but the bank is well aware that financial markets listen every single nuance for a hint about whether interest rates might go up or down, and that a few seconds could be potentially incredibly valuable to computer trading systems or to humans, so this is a massive embarrassment for the bank. if they did give this hint, you could have put on a trade, you could have made some money, and quite a lot of things would have to happen for that to happen, so basically you'd have to have the bank of england governor say something market moving in his conference after the interest rate release, which they bent over backwards not to do, and by the way this is notjust a bank of england thing. other central banks have come across this problem. the ecb told us today they were aware of this problem, which is why they shut down this particular way of recording feeds, last september.

the uk government has laid out its agenda in the queen's speech. we will get more on that in two or three minutes. good evening. welcome to world weather round—up. some cracking footage from new york coming up but to begin with the big weather story at the moment around the globe is australia. wildfires to burn in new south wales with a seven day state of emergency declared, because temperatures are set to rise. so far the heat has been further west and on thursday we saw the all—time december temperature record broken for december, 49.9 celsius, a good 11 and a bit degrees higher than anything ever experienced in the uk. adelaide has four days of temperatures above 40, and 47 is possible in melbourne on friday afternoon. this could last into saturday but, for all parts,

temperatures rising a bit further in new south wales, it will get cooler this weekend. talking of cool, it was some snowfall from new york. more snow pushing across the city, a snow squall, in fact, where you get intense snow accompanied by strong and gusty winds, causing disruption to telephone lines across the area on wednesday. things have quietened down a bit. we are turning our attention to what is happening in the west. parts of british columbia, in towards washington state and oregon, where the system is pushing their way oregon, where the system is pushing theirway in, oregon, where the system is pushing their way in, almost like a river of moisture, sitting across the same areas for a moisture, sitting across the same areas forafair moisture, sitting across the same areas for a fairfew moisture, sitting across the same areas for a fair few days and producing torrential rain around the coast and low—lying areas, where you could see as much as ten inches of rain, which will cause flooding in these areas. not great for the run—up to christmas. on the mountains, we could see close to a metre, three feet of snow. the rain and hill snow will gradually depart as we head into next week. new york

stays dry, warming up next week, but miami could have stormy weather the run—up to christmas. across parts of europe, the cloud is the tell—tale sign for the eastern areas have been particularly wet and cool, but eastern areas have been drier and warmer, but the rain has caused flooding over the past day in portugal and spain, with some strong winds. that continues to push east through spain into friday and, at the same time, parts of south—east france and northern italy will bear the brunt. the italian weather service issued red warnings for wind, rain, flooding, damage possible, that we could see significant snow in the mountains. that will push east through friday into saturday, so across the balkans, albania and greece, it turns dry, but after a brief respite there is yet more rain piling into parts of france, and maybe even the southern uk and northern areas of spain. certainly one to watch. rain in the forecast for us, and there certainly will be tomorrow as well. more details on that and the whole

of the next ten days in an hour.

hello, i'm ros atkins, this is outside source. donald trump may not feel like he's been impeached — but he has. and now republicans and democrats are arguing over how to proceed with his senate trial. another record heat wave in australia as hundreds of fires burn out of control. we'll look at what's causing them — and why climate change scepticism is still so prevalent in australia. the winner and loserfrom the uk election have a frosty reunion in the commons, as the queen's speech spells out the ambition

of borisjohnson‘s new government. my government's priority is to deliver the united kingdom's departure from the european union on the 31st of january. and how the demand for sand is threatening the ecosystem of the mekong river. uk politics. nine weeks ago we had a queen's speech — that's when the government lays out its agenda. we had another one today — but this time without the usual pomp and ceremony. another big difference is that this time boris johnson has a functioning majority — and so he can get things done. more than 30 bills were announced — seven concern brexit. that included confirmation that the uk will leave the eu on the 31st of january. a transition period then begins. that will end on the 31st

of december next year. and this new legislation will say that the transition cannot be extended beyond that date. let's hear some of the queen's speech. my government's priority is to deliver the united kingdom's departure from the european union on the 31st of january. my ministers will bring forward legislation to ensure the united kingdom's exit on that date and to make the most my ministers will bring forward legislation to ensure the united kingdom's exit on that date and to make the most of the opportunities that this brings to all of the people in the united kingdom. also featuring prominently in the queens speech is the uk's health system — with a bill to put more money into the national health service. the first time, the national health service's multiyear funding settlement agreed earlier this year, it will be in law. steps will be taken to grow and support the national health services workforce.

interviews will ensure qualified doctors, nurses and health professionals will have fast—track entry into the united kingdom. bbc political correspondentjessica parker is at our millbank studio. borisjohnson made a lot of promises during his campaign are the being matched by what we have seen today stop you love this multiyear funding settle m e nt stop you love this multiyear funding settlement was first announced by theresa may, but borisjohnson has been keen to talk about investments andi been keen to talk about investments and i think this all goes back to that bus, if you remember the 2016 referendum with the highly contentious claim about the amount of money sent to brussels and that money could go to the nhs instead. so think he wants to be seen to make good on that plane as contentious as it was. more broadly, he is trying to appeal to voters who were on the

traditional right, but those who just want to see the matter resolved, saying that his government will get brexit out of the way and done by the end ofjanuary will get brexit out of the way and done by the end of january that is something that would be very much contended by some people and then focus on other domestic priorities and he has decided to try and fix the id of the nhs funding and fixed the id of the nhs funding and fixed the idea of leaving the transition period at the end of december 2020 and some will be seeing that as a gimmick because with his majority, he could presumably do whatever he likes over the coming year if not the next five years as well. he talked about it a lot during the campaign but the conservative ma nifesto campaign but the conservative manifesto was not overlaid with policy detail in other areas. have you had any clues as to where else would be placing emphasis? another interesting question because there are more than 30 bills in here, things talking about business rate relief, longer prison terms for

violent offenders, scrapping possible car parking charges, but a lot of the stuff, whether it was during the election campaign, was during the election campaign, was during the election campaign, was during the last queen speech we had earlier, we have heard quite a lot of these ideas before. so i think it is interesting because yes, boris johnson is probably not going to be able to leave the uk out of the eu in trying to do the new trade deals with other countries and in that sense, we are looking at a major fundamental changes to how this country is run, but more broadly at this programme, while there are some ideas, you may necessarily get a strong sense of where britain will be in five years time, is there a big bold idea in here and i've been speaking with a few conservative mps on their thoughts they feel that it will emerge over the next couple of yea rs will emerge over the next couple of years especially once brexit is done.

let's return to the situation in australia — where hundreds of fires are burning out of control. the fire season has started earlier — and the temperatures are higher. scientists say extreme weather events like these fires are becoming more frequent and more extreme — because of climate change. and despite the overwhelming scientific consensis around climate change — it remains a controversial more frequent and more extreme — because of climate change. it's a particular challenge for australia where fossil fuels — which contribute a great deal to climate change — are a major export. here's our science editor david shukman. very, very difficult to pin down blame for a single event on climate change. what you can say in scientists are increasingly bold about saying is that, as the world warms, extreme events are going to become more common. more likely, more frequent. so, as the basic average temperature rises, heat waves will

become more likely and more severe. in the case of austria, that is kind of what we are seeing. as the average temperature rises, all the time, they keep adding new colours to the weather maps an account for to the weather maps to account for higher temperatures, they are going to get more extreme. and are in madrid where, we're watching to see how other countries react. do you think sometimes those images of australia cut through in a way that all of the numbers by the science sometimes fail to? it is incredible to observe effectively two different universes. you have the one where climate scientists are increasingly clear and outspoken about theirfindings, namely that if we want to avoid dangerous warming in the coming decades, really very soon, in the next decade, we have two half the emissions of the greenhouse gases that are raising this temperatures you then step inside the conference hall. you see the negotiators, all the delegator is around the world and when they get

down to it, arguing over text, you see, if you like, the real politics coming to play. the fossil fuel economy, including australia, the biggest coal exporter in the world. digging in, being very resistant to language resistant to language that suggests a need for urgent action. you see the same kind of behaviour from brazil, normally at these events, saudi arabia, working quite late in the day to go in on these plans. this time, other countries, including australia, did that kind ofjob. arguing that they have a legitimate need to protect their source of wealth, in the case of australia, is largely cold. their source of wealth, in the case of australia, is largely coal. you generally see mounting frustration. you see little flashes of anger, they are diplomats, they are professionals and you definitely see among environmental campaigners who are observers of these events

with the rising tide of fury, using language you would not expect. the tone is changed, but you come back tone is changed, but you come back to the send economy of outside pressure, the big million strong strikes and all the rest of it, the science step inside and it is a different story. i wonder, while they would never wish to push fires on austria, the few of these extreme moments are necessary for global attitudes to shift. that is a very uncomfortable idea. i heard a british diplomats say now and again, and instructive disaster can change minds. idid and instructive disaster can change minds. i did not think anyone would wish terrible scenes of any kind. because you have people who are losing their homes, losing livelihoods in the recovery process will take possibly years in the case

of some of these fires in australia, soi of some of these fires in australia, so i don't think you would everfind a climate scientist wanting that to happen. you might find a few thinking, not that it is happening, maybe at some point, a message make it through to the prime minister, for example who is very sceptical about the science of climate change. let's talk about sand — and the mekong river. so much sand is being extracted that the rivers' bank are collapsing in places — that in turn threatens its entire ecosystem and the homes of half a million people. the mekong runs through six countries in south east asia. and studies show its bed, across a stretch of several hundred kilometres, has been lowered by several metres in just a few years — all by sand dredging. in the past 20 years, global demand for sand has increased threefold. china is the biggest user —

here's a fact for you — china consumed more sand between 2011 and 2013 than the us did in all of the 20th century. the reason is that sand is one of the main components of cement — and it's been essential for the rapid urbanisation of many rural areas in china. it's also used in a many other industries including cosmetics and fertilisers. here's more from beth timmins. it is not just it is notjust china here, all countries are experiencing this. you have singapore as well, bulking up their landmass by 20% since their independence in 1965. have to ask ourselves, where is this coming from and through singapore and cambodia, where it actually runs through, these countries that it runs through, they officially banned exports of river sand and you still

have singapore recording imports from cambodia despite its saying that they have banded that. so it is ha rd to that they have banded that. so it is hard to legislate around so much trade. do all of the countries affected talk to each other? is there a possibility of coordination? the un drafted new guidelines this march and how we should tackle this problem and the environmental degradation it is causing but are only guidelines still, there's not much action apart from that that is taking place at the moment, apart from ngo and looking into it is happening there. this is affecting the ecosystem, campus understand a bit more about that impact?“ the ecosystem, campus understand a bit more about that impact? if so many people whose homes are at risk from this and you also have the world's largest and then fishery on

the and they're telling me that it hundred different species of fish live in this river and the endangered dolphin, the support one of the largest remaining populations of the largest remaining populations of the largest remaining populations of the dolphin. it is really an important of the dolphin. it is really an im porta nt ecosystem of the dolphin. it is really an important ecosystem for a lot of species, not just humans. you also accept that there is a huge demand for sand because organisation is not about the stop. what is the alternative? how can you do this without taking huge amount of sense out of river mekong? people think sand, you can get from the desert, why can we not use that. desert sand is too rounded and softened to be used in concrete. river sand is using in concrete, glass, the

camera, the electronics, phone in your pocket. we need river sand to do this. but lots of different apps are trained to you so we can use desert sand and make a biodegradable and finite. they managed to make a product from that, it turns the desert sand into river sand and is biodegradable and uses half the carbon footprint for this. there are ways but it needs a lot more investment and it is not as quick as just grabbing sand from your local river, so, it is a difficult one to legislate against. stay with us on outside source — still to come. at least three people are killed in india, as thousands continue to take to the streets to protest against the new citizenship law.

the watchdog that oversees complaints in the armed forces has called on the ministry of defence to do more to tackle racism. the mod says it's committed to stamping out racism. our defence correspondentjonathan beale has been talking to one former soldier. it's not the image the army wants. recent recruitment ads have highlighted its diversity and its desire to do more. but here's the problem — ethnic minorities make up just 7% of the armed forces. but they account for nearly 40% of complaints about bullying, harassment and discrimination. now, the ombudsman overseeing the complaint system is calling on the forces to do more to root out racism. i think racism is prevalent in the armed forces, whether or not you describe it as institutionally racist or there are racist incidents which are occurring with increasing and depressing frequency, the issue needs to be tackled. if i tell you something you were doing was wrong,

i expect you to buy in, accept that and change. the mod insists it is tackling the issue, including diversity training, like this. the army also has a unit to deal with what it calls "unacceptable behaviours". the fact that the army has invested in a team of six and hopefully a team that's going to get bigger, shows that the army takes all of these issues seriously, and it's notjust about racism and sexism, it's about all unacceptable behaviours. but it didn't stop mark from suffering racist abuse. it has broke me. iwas... ..really quite a strong character. and now... ..i'm a mouse, now. the mod has now paid mark compensation, but he'll never forgive the army he once loved.

this is outside source live from the bbc newsroom. our lead story is? president trump may have been impeached — but republicans and democrats are now locked in a standoff over how the senate trial will proceed. brazil's president, jair bolsonaro, has said a bill authorizing mining in protected indigenous reserves is ready to be presented to congress. he said that indigenous people should also be allowed to farm their land commercially. mining has been blamed for soil contamination and water pollution and contributes to deforestation in the amazon. lebanon has a new prime minister. hassan diab won enough votes from lebanese mps after receiving the backing of the shia movement hezbollah. lebanon has been shaken by a wave of protests demanding radical political change.

and a father here in britain was saved by his quick thinking three year old. stefan snowden left home on his paw patrol truck to call for help after his father had a seizure at home. he was then spotted by two women as traffic beeped and passed around him. stefan's mother has praised him for his bravery. at least three people have been killed in india, where protests against a controversial new citizenship law have spread across the country. in the south, two died in mangaluru — the city previously known as mangalore — when officers opened fire on crowds trying to set fire to a police station. the third death happened far to the north, in lucknow. many of india's biggest cities have seen large numbers of people out on the streets. rajini vaidya nathan reports from the capital.

thousands of people have gathered and officials have imposed was known asa and officials have imposed was known as a effectively a curfew, banning public protest but people have taken to the streets in defiance of that and we have seen a crackdown in parts of the country with police clashing with protesters. there is still huge anger and frustration about this law which people say discriminates against muslims, the citizenship law for illegal immigrants —— legal immigrants, but it does not offer those protection muslims. and that is a people are angry here because they say that this law violates india's secular principles which are founded in the constitution. that state that all religions in this country are treated equally.

rajini tweeted this picture from the protests. "in my own land, you cannot declare me a foreigner. these are the latest pictures. in delhi — thousands of people defied that ban. the authorities cut mobile phone data in some areas to try and control numbers. similar clashes in lucknow — where one of those deaths today occured. buses have been set alight and police have detained hundreds of people. in bangalore — more protests, more arrests — and more violence despite plea by activists on social media for protestor to remain peaceful. this is also bangalore. this is the arrest of a prominent historian and critic of the government. he's called ramachandra guha — and he had this message for the governmentjust

before being detained. the rulers are scared. they would not dare allow a peaceful protest, eve ryo ne not dare allow a peaceful protest, everyone should stand up. the protestors are mostly muslim — they fear the new citizenship law will alienate them and their faith within their own country. here are some of their messages for the hindu—nationalist government. ican i can see that you have everything, army, police and we have nothing. we have only our national flag. we are fighting against this because we are more powerful than you. please make a number of these places, they keep us a number of these places, they keep us indoors, but i think there's enough of us here to say that we are not going to stay indoors. we are watching them and we are not going to stay like this. we do not fear anyone. it is all right to live here. it is a violation, we should

be able to be here. the indian government of course defends the law as necessary and proportionate. here's a tweet from narendra modi's bjp party. evidently, a lot of people disagree with that and it will it's likely the argument over the citzenship law could end up being settled in india's courts — specifically the supreme court which so far, has declined to overturn it. more cases are likely to be heading its way however. karuna nundy is a barrister who practises in consitutional law, at the supreme court. as you can see, across the country there are as you can see, across the country there a re protests as you can see, across the country there are protests and a huge raise of, huge appraising. i think there's a perception that i do not think it

is misplaced and this, is notjust a bill, it is also the national registration of citizens that goes with it. that effectively makes any muslim that does not have the right papers, subject to deportation, detention and it is something that we have never known in the past. so, i think that this kind of combination, this legal combination is reminiscent of the third reich laws in a sense. and i see that with a sense of responsibility because there is a way in which you must separate people who are the right kind in the wrong kind on the

prime minister scott morrison is cutting his holiday short and returning to australia after the death of two volunteer firefighters. he's released a statement — of the situation is worsening, not just the temperatures of the fire services are struggling to contain these fires, it is the two find volunteer firefighters have died

tonight near buxton, in south western sydney. hello, with and into the rain, it cannot come soon enough, there's drier weather and the forecast but it's going to arrive last but it's wettest across southern parts of the uk but it looks like all of us, next week will get a spell of drier weather though it will feel a bit colder compared to how it is out there at the moment. still the pressure and control, a look at the weekend. these were the systems just focus to the southernmost areas, courses where it is been wettest where there are flood warnings in that rain is not going to help and elsewhere it is going to try to be drierfor elsewhere it is going to try to be drier for the elsewhere it is going to try to be drierfor the weekend elsewhere it is going to try to be drier for the weekend with sunshine and showers. we still like to get to friday and yes, more rain affecting more parts of england and wales, most serious of scotland and

northern ireland looking mainly dry before patches early on starting to clear and northern ireland but looking quite soggy through northeast england into the midlands on friday, it will feel a bit colder, it is not as windy. eventually we' re colder, it is not as windy. eventually we're going to get rid of this rain into saturday morning, goodbye. and following me behind, still a few showers especially between, that takes us to the weekend and remember, i suggested that while many of us will be turning dry with sun and showers coming to southernmost areas this is the one pushing and later on saturday. so we start saturday, we start the weekend with some bread spells, occasional glimpses of sunshine, a few showers around. they look like they will fade, but the wind pushing towards southern england in south wales this to be quite heavy in places and this is where got saturated ground and that is not going to help. how far north

rain will get before pulling away from the southeast on sunday and then on sunday, sunday spells of the few showers, most of these across western parts of the uk and temperatures in the single figures, but most of it not too far away from average for the time of year. take a look at the picture from sunday into monday, blood pressure to the north of us that as a northwesterly flow settling around that. another attempt to further south you are to bring in more rain which mayjust be towards the channel islands and also towards the channel islands and also towards southern counties of england, so watch that on elsewhere, a few showers and more especially towards northwestern areas and frequent parts of scotland. and that ta kes frequent parts of scotland. and that takes us on to tuesday, still northwestern flow, few showers around from northwest, and look how dry it is at the station across southern prince of wales in england and mainly single figures. take a

look of the jet stream because changes have been going deeper into next week, but the northwesterly flow initially, bright and breezy to start off the week but it looks as though it's bulge in the seat will get bigger. it looks like you'll be more settled for a time. this is our christmas time is shaping up. it sta rts christmas time is shaping up. it starts showering but then the terms of high—pressure building in, it will feel a bit colder but still tem ptress will feel a bit colder but still temptress close to average. some fog patches for some of us. so, no festive gift in terms of snow, or widespread, but in into the rain. —— an end to the rain.

tonight at ten — the queen has opened a new session of parliament, with the focus on brexit and the nhs in england. the queen, accompanied by the prince of wales, processed into the house of lords to deliver a speech with brexit at its heart. my government's priority is to deliver the united kingdom's departure from the european union on the 31st of january. the tensions between prime minister and leader of the opposition were clear as they prepared to debate the new government's programme of legislation. after the dither, after the delay, after the deadlock, after the paralysis and the platitudes, the time has come for change and the time has come for action.