this is bbc news — i'm joanna gosling. the headlines at three: at least 12 people are killed, after a plane crashes in kazakhstan — dozens of survivors, including children, are being treated in hospital. everyone started screaming, kids are crying. and the lights were on in the plane, but there was no, like, sound. lady hale, who is about to retire as the president of the uk supreme court, voices concern about the effect of the reduction in resources on the justice system in england and wales. free hospital parking in england for some patients and visitors from april — but questions are raised over how it will be funded. the national trust says climate change has led to an increase in wildlife migrating to the uk.

and, a special edition of witness history hears the personal stories of some extraordinary moments in space exploration. that's in half an hour, here on bbc news. good afternoon. a passenger plane has crashed in kazakhstan, killing at least 12 people. the aircraft from bek air — a kazakh airline — crashed into a building shortly after take—off from almaty airport early this morning. survivors described walking from the wreckage into the dark and snow. at least 60 people have been injured. our correspondent, sarah rainsford, reports. this is all that's left of flight 2100 from almaty. moments after take—off, the plane crash landed, slamming first through a concrete

barrier and then into a house. much of the plane disintegrated on impact. but amazingly, there were survivors, and some even walked out of this wreckage unharmed. how are you? i am very well, how are you? better. just hours later, aslam managed to tell me what happened. he posted this photo on social media, showing his seat on the flight. he thinks most in front of him were badly hurt or killed. the plane starts swaying like a boat, very intensively. people started screaming and kids were crying and the lights were on in the plane but there was no sound, there was no instructions from the crew. it was only the sound of people panicking. the businessman says it took at least 15 minutes

for rescuers to arrive, so he and other survivors began pulling people to safety. it was dark, and at the same time we were lighting cell phone lights, so helping out each other. all the guys trying to take out people, but there was a high risk of fire. what were you thinking when this was happening? thinking of my family, yeah. that's only what i was thinking. and helping people that the fire should not kill, who survived. all flights of the low—cost carrier bek air, have been suspended as an investigation is launched. today, kazakhstan‘s deputy prime minister revealed that the plane's tail hit the runway twice before take—off. the flight had barely got off the ground before it came crashing back down, with terrible consequences that could have even been worse.

sarah told us more about the investigation earlier. they are not excluding anything, for the moment. they're looking into possible pilot error, the pilot himself died in this crash. they are also looking at technical problems, also, of ocurse, looking at the weather. certainly speaking to that survivor, the kazakh businessmen who walked away from this crash. he told me he remembers when he got onboard the plane, it was extremely cold inside. when they climbed out out over the wings to safety, he said it was very icy, very slippy. although he said he was not an expert, he questioned whether or not the de—icing work had been done properly before the plane took off. certainly, though, there is a day of mourning announced in kazakhstan tomorrow for all those killed in the crash. as for all the survivors, they are just reeling, really, at the fact that they have come out of this alive. the retiring president

of the supreme court, lady hale, has told the bbc that the lack of resources for legal advice and help for people at the early stage of legal problems is a serious problem. lady hale has been speaking to our legal correspondent, clive coleman, and reflecting on the momentous day in september when the court ruled that the prime minister had unlawfully advised the queen to suspend parliament. it was a case of massive legal, constitutional and political significance. the prime minister's advice to her majesty was unlawful, void and of no effect. the supreme court ruling that the prime minister's advice to the queen to suspend parliament in the weeks leading up to the brexit deadline, was unlawful. now, the president of the court is retiring, a time to look back on that momentous day. there was a gasp in the courtroom, which was packed, when i said that it was the unanimous decision of us all, that's all 11 justices.

a time also for lady hale to reflect on the removal of legal aid in 2013 from a raft of areas — including debt, housing and most family cases. most people need legal services at the beginning of a difficulty and if they have them then, it will be sorted out and they won't have to go anywhere near a court, or they won't have their house repossessed or whatever, because somebody has managed to find a solution to the problem at an earlier stage. and it's that lack of initial advice and help which is a serious difficulty. and when you are separating, as a couple, you know, you are being taken apart emotionally and financially, many people would think that actually it's at that point the state should be there. it's unreasonable to expect a husband and wife or a mother and father, who are in crisis in their personal relationship, to make their own arrangements without help. the government says it is improving early legal support to reduce

the number of people going to court unnecessarily. the prorogation was also void... but on the eve of her departure from the highest court in the land, the question everyone wants answered, was there any significance behind the spider brooch she wore on that day? even an ‘incy wincy‘ bit? i regret to have to tell you there was nothing behind it. i do almost always wear a brooch if i'm wearing a dress, or even if i'm wearing a suit. it's a way of livening up what is otherwise quite dull, and the particular dress that i was wearing has a spider on it. and i chose the dress, i didn't choose the spider. as she leaves office, the first female president of the supreme court knows she has her critics... the court will now adjourn. ..but also an army of admirers. clive coleman, bbc news. the bbc spoke to malvika jaganmohan, who is a family law barrister at st ives chambers and a committee

member of the campaign group, young legal aid lawyers. i don't think any family justice practitioner would disagree with what she said. certainly, from my experience, the most obvious consequence of legal aid cuts is the massive rise in people representing representing themselves through the familyjustice system. it is hard to overstate how terrifying that must be for people who are in extreme emotional distress, to have to navigate the justice system alone without any knowledge of law or procedure. superficially, there may well have been the savings in terms of removing legal aid from those areas of family court, but the costs are incurred elsewhere. we spend more time in court, judges spend more time in court, explaining basic concepts and ideas to people to ensure that things are as procedurally fair as possible.

whoever is footing the bill, or avoiding it by being a litigant person, is court the right place for these disputes? as you say, it is obviously very difficult to resolve. early legal advice would encourage people to be free from court proceedings altogether. if that is available, they may not have to enter the court arena at all. inevitably, some cases do end up in court, if they are, parties then should have access to justice. the problem is that family law is devalued, in a sense, people say they are personal issues that should be sorted out, it is not the state's responsibility. equally, sometimes, it cannot be avoided and the state is responsible to ensure that families are able to come out relatively unscathed from moments of extreme emotional turmoil.

is reintroducing legal aid, this is what she says she wants to happen, would that actually resolve the issues that you outline? in terms of? in terms of defusing conflict, and getting an outcome agreed in a less heated way potentially. reinstating legal aid, certainly for legal advice, certainly for early advice, would be incredibly helpful. if you have access to a qualified legal professional who can give you robust advice about the benefits of resolving disputes outside of court, obviously, that will help to defuse conflict. one of the campaigns run with the all—parliamentary group

on legal aid is organising for an mp to go to legal advice centres and possibly shadow early advice and sins so that they see the benefit of legal advice. hopefully, people that can avoid cold altogether, avoid court altogether, and the traumas that come from that. can you give us some examples of how that would work? give us a sense of what the mps are seeing. they will see practitioners at the coalface, who are often overworked and unrewarded. they will see the benefit of advice that has managed to divert people away from court proceedings, where otherwise they would have ended up in court proceedings in circumstances where they simply cannot manage by themselves. the whole purpose is that access to justice is not a sexy issue, it is not on the top of anyone‘s agenda. the whole point of initiatives like this is to bring home the reality of the importance of being able to have legal representation,

to have access to legal advice. malvika jaganmohan there. the government has announced that, from april, thousands of nhs patients, visitors and staff will benefit from free parking at hospitals in england. most visitors to hospitals in scotland, wales and northern ireland are already exempt from charges. our health correspondent, dominic hughes, reports. paying for parking at hospitals has been a long—running source of complaint for many nhs patients and their visitors. during the election campaign, the conservative manifesto promised free hospital parking for specific groups, so, from april, all 206 hospital trusts in england will be expected to provide free parking for those described as being "in the greatest need." this will include... but there have been some concerns from nhs managers who fear trusts may lose out financially.

we will be looking for assurances that the costs of these measures will be fully covered because, otherwise, there's a risk that funding intended to run front—line services could be diverted into running car parks. hospitals make a lot of money out of parking fees. the conservative manifesto promised £78 million to help trusts make the changes. the department of health and social care says the plans will be fully funded but the exact cost has yet to be calculated. dominic hughes, bbc news. the school of a nine—year—old girl who drowned in a spanish swimming pool on christmas eve has paid tribute to a "wonderfully kind, caring pupil." comfort diya died, along with herfather and older brother, who tried to come to her aid, at the club la costa world resort near fuengirola. in a statement, the windrush charlton school, in south—east london, said comfort would be greatly missed. the northern powerhouse partnership — which speaks for business and civic leaders across the north

of england — has welcomed reports that the treasury is to change its spending rules to promote growth in the north and the midlands. it's suggested that the rules for investing in transport and other infrastructure projects will be relaxed. i spoke to tony travers who is a local government expert and visiting professor at the london school of economics. idid speak i did speak to him, but we will not listen to that now. richard jones is a professor of physics at the university of sheffield. he also wrote a paper about investment and innovation called, a resurgence of the regions, which was picked up by boris johnson's chief adviser, dominic cummings. he joins us from derbyshire. thank you very much forjoining us. do you think that your paper has had an impact on what we are hearing might be about to happen?” an impact on what we are hearing might be about to happen? i think there has been quite a lot of pick—up of this idea that the uk...

low productivity in london and the south—east, compared to the rest of the country, is much lower. i think iand the country, is much lower. i think i and others have been writing about this for a few years. the point we are this for a few years. the point we a re really this for a few years. the point we are really trying to make is that it isa are really trying to make is that it is a question of letting a lane off and the rest of the country have the investment that will allow it to pay own way. —— letting the no. i'm pleased that some of the stuff that iand pleased that some of the stuff that i and others have been writing has got the attention of number 10. the criteria of deciding which projects getfunding, criteria of deciding which projects get funding, reportedly, is going to change to introduce elements like improving the well—being of people in certain areas, or reducing regional productivity gaps. the productivity gap is something that can be easily measured, but what about the well—being of people?” think that is harder. i think productivity leads to wages. so, i think starting productivity is a really good plan, because it went

like a really good plan, because it went likea tire, really good plan, because it went like a tire, wage growth will get back on track again. i thinkjust having more money is generally a good thing. i think the way of the i’ows good thing. i think the way of the rows have been set up till now, kind of assuming that poor places will a lwa ys of assuming that poor places will always be poor, in a sense, there is no point in putting more money in because the return will not be so high. what is important about these proposed changes is the idea that we can shall be a bit ambitious about what can happen to prosperity in regions whose productivity is not very high. we can make the investment on the assumption that those investments will lead to more prosperity, i think that's really the difference. do you believe that more prosperity inevitably will follow? i think nothing is inevitable. i think it is clearer that if you look at transport, the ability let people have to get to

work, to be able to commute — that is very hard in places where there has been a systematic underinvestment, as has happened in many places outside of london and at the south—east. i think investing in innovation, research and development, as a physicist, that is what i'm particularly interested in the stop at the moment, a1% of public investment in r&d happens in london, oxford and cambridge. we like to see more money invested, specifically to attract private sector investment, or business. it will allow local businesses to improve their productivity. i think thatis improve their productivity. i think that is the kind of investment we are looking for, the kind that will allow places that not been doing so well economically, will allow people to contribute more economically to the country. how times has a majority think this could potentially be? george osborne started talking about the northern

powerhouse, it is something that has been building, albeit taking its time to stop that's right, it takes a long time, it is a long time to correct decades of underinvestment. i think we don't really have any choice, i think we need to do this, otherwise we will have a very divided country. and a lot of the country not contributing to the economy in the way that it could be. thank you forjoining us. the headlines on bbc news: at least 12 people are killed, after a plane crashes in kazakhstan — dozens of survivors, including children, are being treated in hospital. lady hale, who is about to retire as the president of the uk supreme court, voices concern about the effect of the reduction in resources on the justice system in england and wales. free hospital parking in england for some patients and visitors from april — but questions are raised over how it will be funded.

sport — and for a full round up from the bbc sport centre — here'sjohn. good afternoon. having been bowled out for 181 on day two of the second test against south africa in centurion, england's bowlers have taken four quick wickets as momentum continues to shift back and forth. james anderson striking in the first over again, aiden markram gone for 2 — south africa are currently 62 for 4. earlierjoe denley hit a half century as england found themselves 142 for 3 after south africa made 284 in theirfirst innings. but england collapsed after denly was gone, jonny bairstow out for1 as they lost their last 7 wickets for 39 runs a touch more one—sided in melbourne with australia on top against new zealand after two days of the second test. replying to australia's 467, new zealand closed on 44 for 2 in theirfirst innings, captain kane williamson culpable with this poor dismissalforjust nine. australia lead the two

test series 1—nil. liverpool might have moved 13 points clear at the top of the premier league, but manager jurgen klopp insists they're not even talking about winning a first league title in 30 years. they moved well clear of second placed leicester with a game in hand after an emphatic 4—0 win at the king power stadium. roberto firmino scored twice, trent alexander arnold set up both his goals, before scoring himself. no team's been this far ahead after boxing day and not won the title. we don't think about it. we didn't mention it once before the game, because it is just not interesting. look, i cannot write the stories are by myself, the full story, never before in the history of football, british football at least, a team had a bigger lead and lost the lead.

that sounds in my ear negative. so, why should we think about something like that? if catching liverpool seems virtually impossible, manchester city have the chance to at least leapfrog leicester and move into second place if they beat wolves tonight at molineux. meanwhile city manager pep guardiola says finding a striker to replace club record scorer sergio aguero will be one of his "biggest challenges". aguero's contract runs out in 2021 and it's expected that he'll return to argentina whenever he leaves city. but guardiola hopes the 31—year—old will choose to remain at the club — and says he'll forever have a special place after scoring that title winning goal in 2012. i think the most important moment of this cloud, i think will be more important than one day at this cloud and winning the champions league, was at the moment he scored that goal against queens park rangers to win the first premier league after i don't know how many years. that it

is much better than 4 titles in one season or whatever, and he was the quy~ season or whatever, and he was the guy. more than that, everything he has done, he has done in this club. sooner or later, it will happen, he has to decide when. with paul pogba just returning from injury, manchester united look like losing another central midfielder after scott mctominay damaged knee ligaments in their 4—1 win over newcastle. he left old trafford last night on crutches after being substituted at half time. he's expected to miss tomorrow's game at burnley. and cristiano ronaldo received plenty of praise recently for a towering header he scored forjuventus — and thatjump didn't go unnoticed by 16—time grand slam champion novak djokovic, who decided to get some tips as the pair trained together in the gym. looks like ronaldo just won that one. that's all the sport for now. i'll have more for you in the next hour.

in india, protests continue over the country s new citizenship law, which grants amnesty to illegal migrants from three countries — but only non—muslim ones. since it was passed, more than 20 people have died in clashes. most of them were from the northern state of uttar pradesh, where the police have been accused of using excessive force against protesters and of vandalising muslim homes — officials deny the allegations. the bbc‘s india correspondent, yogita limaye, reports from uttar pradesh. here, a police man appears to fire a gun at protesters who were throwing stones. in another region, those demonstrating are beaten. even an older man. here, police break cctv cameras mounted on shops in a muslin

locality. nearly a week since clashes broke out over india's new cit‘some law, videos have been emerging that raise serious questions about police behaviour against muslim protesters. 19 have died in the state, all the civilians, most had bullet injuries, like mohammed. his mother says he was not part of the protests but had gone out to buy fodder when he was shotin gone out to buy fodder when he was shot in the chest. the 28—year—old was the father of this baby. translation: we wantjustice, the police told my son. he will care for his children now? —— who will care for his children now? police say they did not open fire, they claim that some among the protesters had guns. but that his not all security forces had been accused of. i went

to one of the homes allegedly finalised by the police in the dead of the night. in room after room, hardly anything left unbroken. there was jewellery in this box and cash in the ten, it was all stolen, i'm told. there were many policemen as some people in plain clothes, they told us to go, and that our house would soon become theirs, she says. so what if i have a muslim? don't i have a right to live in india? in every locality, we were two of that had been ransacked. many here see the police action, and the law, as pa rt the police action, and the law, as part of the ruling partyhindu nationalist agenda. the government

insist that indian muslims will not be affected by the new citizenship rules, and it has been protesters for the violence. translation: liber 50,000 people on the streets, throwing stones, shooting, setting things on fire. the police had to respond. to catch miscreants, they had to go inside peoples homes. things break sometimes in a scuffle. what they have witnessed over the past two weeks, has left many from the muslim community here worried about what kind of future they are facing in india. the government is trying to allay fears about the new citizenship law, but even before thatis citizenship law, but even before that is implemented, the handling of the protests has already had a tangible impact on the ground. religious polarisation has deepened. many areas of the state are now a tinderbox of fear and anger.

the national trust says the unseasonable weather this year led to an increase in migrant butterflies, moths and dragonflies. but it also says heavy rainfall harmed some native species such as water voles and hares in north yorkshire. fiona lamdin reports. there's some teal. a few shoveler. so what, are they mallards? there's mallard down there, yeah. wicken fen in cambridge is thought to be the oldest nature reserve in the uk. back in the day, we would get 100 or 200 individuals. now, upwards of 1000. over the last two decades, they've doubled the size of the reserve, which is now home to 9,820 species. but how have done this? turn the valve on and let the water in. by flooding the fields. probably the most important is the fact that in rewetting the peat, the soil, that locks

the carbon away, looks the carbon that is already in the soil, locks it back into the soil and prevents it disappearing into the atmosphere. that is the biggest benefit. from turning farmlands to flood plains, they've reduced the greenhouse gas emissions here by 80%. we are as hands—off as possible, and by introducing animals and by putting water back into the landscape which has formerly been drained, it allows mother nature to take its course and the wildlife comes back with it, as well. and the national trust have found that the topsy—turvy weather this year — with the warm start coupled with the wet autumn — is disrupting much of our wildlife across the uk. winners — we have had some of our migrant species flying across here to the country are things like the butterfly, the painted lady, which comes from africa and ends up on our shores, and this year we have had really good numbers. nearly half a million in the count on one day. the losers could be the puffins, on the farne islands, which were suffering from a very wet

day in june when their chicks were at their most vulnerable. go to the left, you canjust see a pair of gadwall. their heads are down feeding. this year saw the first pair of breeding cranes here in a century. this mosaic of wildlife landscapes is now one of the most prolific and diverse nature reserves in the country. a zoo in the us got a special christmas present this year when a critically endangered black rhino was born on christmas eve. the male calf arrived at the potter park zoo in michigan to 12—year—old mother, doppsee. it is the first time a black rhino has been born there in the zoo's100—year history. they have yet to give the calf a name — but have said he is nursing well and the public will be able to see him in the new year. now it's time for a look at the weather with chris.

for most of us, you will be doing well if you see any sunshine over the next few ways. the cloud is low, fog patches and the result as well. a brace of rain easing across scotla nd a brace of rain easing across scotland for a time. but it lent more wet weather moves in here, at the same time, it will stay murky across our curves and hills. fog patches across the pennines and southern england later on for stop temperatures eventually in the range of8 temperatures eventually in the range of 8 hay 11 celsius. it may have stuck to saturday, again, another cloudy day coming up for most of us ifa cloudy day coming up for most of us if a few car brakes. across the north—west of scotland, outbreaks of rain, rain halted her starting to build up across the western isles and highland. otherwise, the odd spot of drizzle across western areas, fog and hill mist patches around the top for most, cloudy and