you're watching beyond one hundred days. borisjohnson gave his most senior minister an ultimatum, sack your advisors, keep yourjob. it was too much for savid javid. he has gone, replaced by rishi sunak, once his protege at the treasury. it was a power grab by number 10 with no room for dissenting voices. sajid javid said he couldn't sign up to borisjohnson‘s plan for a joint economic unit, nor would he betray his advisers. i was unable to accept those conditions. i don't believe any self—respecting minister would accept such conditions and so therefore, i felt the best thing to do was to go. two long weeks of confinement. 83 british people who were quarantined after returning from china are finally released to go home.

also on the programme, president trump congratulated bill barr for ‘taking charge‘ of roger stone's sentence. in return, the attorney general now gets to testify about his actions to congress. and, they say you can't buy happiness, but can you buy social media fame? one presidential candidate thinks he can. hello and welcome. i'm michelle fleury in washington and christian fraser is in london. today's government reshuffle was billed as a relatively minor re—organisation of the lower ranks of cabinet. what transpired was something entirely different. the chancellor, sajid javid, the second most senior figure in government, was called into number 10 and told that he would need to sack all his senior political advisors if he wanted to keep his job. he refused and instead resigned. it came as a shock to the parliamentary party, but maybe

the prime minister half expected that sajid javid would walk, judging by the speed with which he replaced him. rishi sunak has only been in parliament since 2015, highly thought of, but this is a meteoric rise for a man with comparatively little government experience. our political editor laura kuenssberg reports. how laura kuenssberg reports. tight is number ten‘s gr reshuffle how tight is number ten‘s grip? the reshuffle bill, officials huddling to make sure it's all in order. sajid javid expected to keep his number11, sajid javid expected to keep his number 11, but then... sajid javid expected to keep his number", but then... he had sajid javid expected to keep his number 11, but then... he had to replace his whole team of advisers. for a moment, it wasn't quite clear what was going on. what do you make of the chancellor having direct

design —— to resign? a loss of influence, he would not wear. to the man who'd been the second most important person in man who'd been the second most important persi west london with a return home to west london with a rucksack. the conditions that were attached was a ricotta, a requirement i replaced all my advisers. they have worked very hard on behalf of the whole country. i was unable to accept those conditions. i don't believe any self—respecting minister would accept such conditions and so therefore, i felt the accept such conditions and so therefore, ifelt the best accept such conditions and so therefore, i felt the best thing to do was to go. were those -- they we re do was to go. were those -- they were requested by the prime minister. my successor has my full support. walking in in his place, arising start. are you inspecting a

promotion today? i have actually no idea. rishi sunak unaware first thing this morning is how high he was about to soar. emerging as the brand—new chancellor. but has number 11 brand—new chancellor. but has number ii become an annex of the prime minister? the start of the day followed a more addictive will script. the prime minister was there to do the firings before the hirings. andrea tight—lipped after losing the cabinet seat she held for yea rs. losing the cabinet seat she held for years. julian smith got the government in northern ireland back up government in northern ireland back up and running was asked. it's up to the prime minister. it's his call. we should enjoy the nice weather we have today. jacob rees-mogg hung on

as leader of the house along with plenty other serving ministers. anne—marie trevelyan and former defence minister becomes the minister for international development. oliver dialled in, the new culture secretary who had been at the cabinet office. six entrance to the cabinet got newjobs today, but the trouble between numbers ten and ii is still the biggest headline of all. this was meant to be a moderate, move along reachable. the department of the chancellor is a huge moment for any government but this time it represents something else, a sign of a number ten that wa nt total else, a sign of a number ten that want total dominance to be in com plete want total dominance to be in complete control. borisjohnson‘s tea m complete control. borisjohnson‘s team is adamant this is no power grab, theyjust team is adamant this is no power grab, they just want less friction at the top. this is a downing street operation that will not hesitate to

clip almost anyone's queens. laura kuenssberg, bbc news, downing street. so here's a quick look at who's out and who is in. the other significant casualty was the northern ireland secretary julian smith, sacked after delivering what had seemed impossible — getting devolution restored. he is replaced by brandon lewis. the defence secretary ben wallace was forced to come back to london from a nato meeting in brussels earlier today, but he survives. as does the health secretary matt hancock and the transport secretary grant schapps. dominic raab, foreign secretary and priti patel, home secretary remain in place, which means the big four offices of state are occupied by committed brexiteers. michael gove stays as cabinet secretary with new powers. george eustice, a fruit farmer, has been promoted from minister to secretary of state for environment, food and rural affairs. and suela braverman is the new attorney general who just last week, criticised judges for overreach. let's speak to sebastian payne, whitehall correspondent

at the financial times, and olivia utley, deputy leader writer at the sun who is with me here. she's on her way. sebastian, do you spot any pattern in those who are outgoing today? laura talked about less friction. is this what you see in some of these departures? very much so. i think there's a broad theme for this reshuffle. it's about borisjohnson theme for this reshuffle. it's about boris johnson and downing theme for this reshuffle. it's about borisjohnson and downing street taking back control of this government. there are lots of ministers who have been sacked who may have descended from the prime minister or not necessarily always loyal to him. those of the two key themes. if you takejulian smith for example, the northern ireland secretary, he's a somebody who is well respected in northern ireland. he's achieved something that was thought to be impossible, getting storment up and running again, but he clashed with downing street back

in october and the prime minister didn't really forgive him for that. when you look at sajid javid, that was all about loyalty that there has been a briefing warm between number ten and number 11 in downing street over the past couple of weeks and borisjohnson said "i'm taking control of this, you have to sack all your aids and let me essentially run your private office." sajid javid said no and that's why he was out. he was replaced by another loyalist, rishi sunak. it's pretty much as it was. we're down about one female member attending cabinet but we still haven't had the full details where we are expecting mr johnson to put in lots more female mps. olivia has joined us. let's talk about richie sue neck ——

-- rishi —— rishi sunak. -- rishi sunak. it's a huge job for him. although he has proved himself a very bright candidate, he's definitely a borisjohnson a very bright candidate, he's definitely a boris johnson loyalist and yes that is probably why he's got the job he got. he did incredibly well during the run—up for the general election. everyone notices all his media appearances. i don't think we should all be saying, i've heard people saying this evening that sajid javid will —— rishi sunak will just evening that sajid javid will —— rishi sunak willjust be a doormat to borisjohnson. rishi sunak willjust be a doormat to boris johnson. when rishi sunak willjust be a doormat to borisjohnson. when sajid javid said he knows —— no self—respecting minister would accept those conditions, i think he was talking about the sacking of his advisers. sajid javid has not at the moment,

so sajid javid has not at the moment, so it's different. i don't think that was back one giving shade to rishi sunak. sebastian, picking up on what olivia was saying. do you think rishi sunak can was saying. do you think rishi sunak ca n prove was saying. do you think rishi sunak can prove he's not a stooge of number ten? that's going to be the big question. sajid javid had been known as the chancellor in name only andi known as the chancellor in name only and i think people are already joking that rishi sunak is simply replacing somebody who is seen as not having much power. i think that interpretation is not quite right because boris johnson interpretation is not quite right because borisjohnson can't interpretation is not quite right because boris johnson can't afford to lose a second chancellor. that does put rishi sunak in a powerful position. if we think about the point in which nigel lawson resigned from margaret thatcher's government, of course it put him in a strong position when lady thatcher did eventually leave the tory party and

leadership back then. so i think it will be very interesting to watch and politically, he's definitely someone and politically, he's definitely someone who is focused on the numbers. he's not going to a necessarily want to increase public spending and taxes by a big amount, and of course we got this budget that was due in just a couple of weeks and we still have no idea whether that budget is going to go ahead as planned. that's gonna be a huge task for mr sunak. what has happened between number ten and ii has focused many people's mines but there was news aboutjulian smith and his departure. where does lack leave things going forward?‘ and his departure. where does lack leave things going forward? a lot of people immediately were saying how on earth could borisjohnson possibly apply julian smith, on earth could borisjohnson possibly applyjulian smith, he was the one who managed to get stormont up the one who managed to get stormont up and running. it took a lot of

people by surprise but personally, i wasn't that surprised. boris johnson made clear many times that he owes against vexatious court cases going against vexatious court cases going against veterans who serving northern ireland. boris johnson against veterans who serving northern ireland. borisjohnson is against these veterans having to go through courts. and julian smith, so i've heard, the problem with him was that in exchange for getting stormont open running, he agreed to allow these vexatious trials to continue so i think that it's not surprising that boris johnson continue so i think that it's not surprising that borisjohnson got rid of him. it's also worth bearing in mind, he's our remainder. he wasn't that quick to support boris johnson's deal sol wasn't that quick to support boris johnson's deal so i think most of them have been punished for that. but i think forjulian smith, it's because of his veterans thing which

borisjohnson has made a personal mission to keep these veterans safe. he's been removed. he's been asked for leave. i was wondering if you could explain what is going on with some of the special advisers that cummings wanted to get rid of? they occu py cummings wanted to get rid of? they occupy a very odd position in british politics. all government visitors have a civil service to support their work. that sort of thing. they can't do political work on behalf of their ministers though. over the past 30 years, we've had the role of the special adviser that's developed, which allows them to do political activities and media briefing, all those things. that's

what dominic cummings, the most powerful who works for horse johnson. he has been concerned —— borisjohnson. they have these weekly meetings by dominic cummings and he told them what he wants them to do and he's using this moment of power to say to these people," you're not wanted." buckland took the opposite decision and said "i wa nt to the opposite decision and said "i want to say, you need to go." sebastian and olivia thank you for coming in.

it gives democrats a chance to question him on the white house's role in pushing for reduced sentences for roger stone. a shorter prison sentence for mr stone. he found guilty on seven counts of witness tampering, lying to congress, and obstruction of investigators. prosecutors had recommended up to nine years in prison. let's speak now to former federal prosecutorjoe moreno. joe, i wanted to start, what is it that the democrats are going to want to talk to him about? isn't going to be this issue, this alarm that we're seeing over the sentence for roger stone or other things they wanted to talk about in the past. the molar report, what will be their priority?

hi michelle. i do expect there will bea number of hi michelle. i do expect there will be a number of topics because as you pointed out, attorney general has so far declined to testify before the housejudiciary far declined to testify before the house judiciary committee. most likely, top of their minds will be happen this week with respect to water the light roger stone. the number one question is did the department succumb to political pressure from the white house? that's the issue. it's not illegal, it's not even most likely impeachable, but at the same time, it looks terrible. it looks like we have a justice department that does not have that arm's—length relationship between it and the white house that we want so badly and that the attorney general testified to at his confirmation hearing, because we don't want the justice department to be used, either one, to do favours for the white house in terms of going easy on friends to the president and two, we don't want to be for offensive

purposes. so that's the reason why that relationship is so important and it has been shaken, no doubt this week. it's felt that in the country, i was reading in the new york times, prosecutors across the united states had spoke on the condition of anonymity to —— they'd already been wary of working on any case that might catch mr trump's attention. sure. prosecutors traditionally do enjoy fair amount of latitude when you walk in front of latitude when you walk in front of the court before a federaljudge. you have to wonder in a sensitive politically charged case like this one, who else is washing. especially if there are individuals who might be connected to this white house or any white house. that being said, you expect as a prosecutor that your supervisors, your us attorney, your

attorney general, your chain of command will have your back. if there is political pressure from either the white house or other elements of the executive branch or anywhere for that matter, they will have your back in terms of saying, look, the lying prosecutors are professionals. they know the case best in terms of the facts of the law and in this case, the sentence and we should defer to them almost all the time when it comes to how the case should be handled. good to hear from you. they started weighing in on some of this, your memberjohn kelly was the chief of staff for the president. you might remember alexander vindman was key in the impeachment empire me. this is what he said.

there's someone with vast experience in the military who thinks that vin mended the right thing. he's been locked out of the white house and oui’ locked out of the white house and our president trump is calling for repercussions for him. this is what trump had to say on twitter today. the thing is, anyone who crosses donald trump runs afoul of him in terms of running the risk of a nasty tweet. at the same time you got him

installing loyalist, i don't know if you remember hope pics. she is returning to the white house now, basically she will be working with jared kushner, donald trump's son—in—law. white house sources are saying there may be more of this return of those trusted by the president to the administration. germany has been marking the 75th anniversary of the destruction of dresden by british and american bombers during the second world war. between the 13th and 15th of february 1945, thousands of tons of bombs and incendaries were dropped on a city tens of thousands of civilians were killed — many dying in firestorms. the assault was highly controversial — the war was nearly over and many felt the attack was not justified. jenny hill reports from dresden. dresden‘s risen from the ashes but it's dead and not forgotten. the

city, still a symbol of the horror unleashed by warm. it's 75 years since allied forces dropped bomb after bomb on the city and attack which even at the time, ignited controversy. underneath the bombardment, civilians suffocated and burned. there city was destroyed. ursula was 1a. she recalls of firestorm so intense that she clung onto a lamp post to avoid being sucked into the flames. translation: we stood creaming to beat lamp post then we sell our house collapse. first it crashed down and the books we re first it crashed down and the books were altered to our feet. my mother said "now we have lost everything. now we are homeless." my mac commemoration in a city so famed for its culture and beauty. if people thought no one would attack it.

translation: we recall the suffering of people in german cities and that german inflicted upon it. we don't forget it was germans who started this cruel warm. this is for germany a highly symbolic day. for many it's about memory, reconciliation. for others, it's about defiance as well. the far right is once again making its presence felt in this country, seeking to redefine germany's second world war history. there are few survivors left to tell the tale of dresden, by honouring it said this city intends to keep his memory alive. we have mentioned a number of times this past week that the former ny mayor mike bloomberg is spending alot of money on tv ads for his presidential bid. but sometimes money is not enough, you need something extra to reach the younger generation,

who are glued to their social media accounts. yes, so mike bloomberg reaches out to some of the big internet players who produce ‘memes'. "can you post a meme that lets everyone know i'm a cool candidate?" he asks one account holder. "a billion dollars please," they reply. he sent one to the juice boys who weren't so keen in taking part. "i think your vibe is kinda off," they replied. and then this one, in which bloomberg asks if they can fax the meme over before the markets close. who uses facts! marianna spring from bbc trending joins us now. so far, bloomberg's campaign has been quite manufactured so he's paid

for it and it's all been very formal. this looks a bit less organic. the interesting thing is we often analyse the formal campaign staff are being micromanaged, so their official facebook pages and their official facebook pages and their ad campaigns their official facebook pages and theirad campaigns and their official facebook pages and their ad campaigns and all their spending, but actually this marks an attempt to reach into the other field. that's the organic material that's being posted by supporters online who kind of ban together, whether it's on facebook or instagram and talk about stuff. this looks like an attempt to really tap into that market and get these people on the side and create content. many of the people he's reached out to her on the younger side so presumably, their audience is younger which doesn't necessarily have the highest turnout. how does this translate into something concrete that can be benefit a candidate like bloomberg ?

concrete that can be benefit a candidate like bloomberg? it's really ha rd to candidate like bloomberg? it's really hard to tell. it was something we noticed during the uk general election. there wasn't much success general election. there wasn't much success from the uk parties when it came to instagram but there were lots of twitter screen ofjeremy corbyn‘s tweets often posted by influencers. that didn't translate at all really. i think that the key here is that he's tucked into this quite early and it's an interesting technique i think other candidates, maybe even trump will follow suit on, because it is a way of pushing onto those platforms where those young people are and even if the turnout is low, you still want to speak to them, whether that's on instagram or tick—tock. whereas the older voters will be on facebook.|j look out for mike bloomberg's memes. thank you. this is beyond 100 days from the bbc.

coming up for viewers on the bbc news channel and bbc world news, a strangely shaped object spotted by nasa in a far flung corner of the solar system which has overturned the longstanding theory about how planets are formed. we have another name storm as we head into the weekend which is going to bring another swathe of severe gales and also prolonged and heavy rain in places, s0 prolonged and heavy rain in places, so we prolonged and heavy rain in places, so we could see increased risks of flooding. we had this area of low pressure which brought some strong winds and rain further north. it's going to settle things down as we move through the overnight period, s0 move through the overnight period, so lighter winds, clear skies are gonna lead to a cold night for many central northern and eastern areas. winds will be picking up in the temperatures will rise, we have snow

in scotland and a risk of ice in places. also some mist and fog to greet us first thing on friday, but it's a nice bright start with some sunshine. clouds are building in at the wet and windy weather is spreading slowly eastwards. temperatures rising through the day, ten, 11 maybe 12 degrees but a colder day across the north here. blustery heavy showers, some hail and thunder mixed in and also some snow over the higher ground. that rain eventually reaches the southern and eastern part of the country as we had for friday night. but the winds continued to pick up further as we head on into saturday, we see the arrival of storm dennis. a very active weather front. the winds continue to pick up through the day, strongest across this northwest corner but we'll see gales right across the uk, gusts of 50—60 miles

an hour. it'll be very wet too. this rain will be persistent and heavy, particularly over southern and western hills. temperature wise, 12-14d, that western hills. temperature wise, 12—14d, that really is mild for that time of year. you may not notice it because of the strength of the wind and the rain. several warnings enforced for rain and wind, but we have some amber warnings for southern and western parts of britain through saturday into sunday. we will likely see an increased flood risk. some impacts from storm dennis this weekend. stay tuned for the weather.

this is beyond one hundred days, with me michelle fleury in washington, christian fraser is in london. our top stories... the uk chancellor shocks westminster by resigning in the middle of borisjohnson‘s cabinet reshuffle. he says he couldn't accept an order to fire his team of advisers. i would be unable to accept those conditions. i do not believe any self—respecting minister would accept those conditions so i thought the best thing to do was to go. nasa says it's uncovered evidence which could torpedo the big bang theory. it's now claiming the universe may have begun much more gently coming up in the next half hour... the intelligence coup of the century. we'll look at how the cia secretly owned a global encryption provider, built back doors, and spied on more than 100 foreign governments

plus, the job ad that's got christian's name all over it. we'll explain why. when borisjohnson‘s new—look cabinet meets again tomorrow morning it's going to be missing a few familar faces. two secretary of states resigned today, four have been given the sack. besides that four junior ministers have gone too. for those on their way out it means a return to the slower pace of life as a backbench mp. but for their multiple special advisers — it means they're out of a job — entirely. news that reaches them at the same time as it reaches the rest of the country. it is pretty brutal. for more on how it all works, i'm joined by christina robinson — she was special adviser tojeremy hunt throughout his time as foreign secretary and health minister — until he resigned lastjuly.

hello and welcome. you have been through this and you know what it is like. tell us what happens on the day when your minister goes into downing street bring to the prime minister's private office? surprisingly you know basically as much as most of the rest of the world at that stage. everyone in westminster is glued to their phones, not refreshing twitter and trying to find the latest from political journalists, trying to find the latest from politicaljournalists, particularly those who have good connections to numberten. the is happens those who have good connections to number ten. the is happens happen quite fast and phonetically because of social media now. say you are on a knife edge sitting and waiting for the latest on who is an and who is out. i remember 2016 the latest on who is an and who is out. i remember2016 when the latest on who is an and who is out. i remember 2016 when theresa may was minister, she... civil servants started awkwardly packing up servants started awkwardly packing up and half an hour later that was fa ke up and half an hour later that was fake news and he came back with a

grin on his face and they were mortified. i was nine months pregnant and having a hospital scan and walking the corridor is trying to find some signal and trying to figure out if i had a job. that is what you sign up for when you take these jobs. i imagine it is a small village where they all talk to one another so you probably had your ear to the ground over what has been going on in recent weeks. dominic cummings has the guillotine out for some of them. do some know who they were? there are always shades of grey with these things and i think you probably hope against hope and cream onto a rumour here 01’ cream onto a rumour here or breathing there and be if things change last minute —— briefing there. it could well be that there we re there. it could well be that there were plans for them to gail and then a briefing doesn't go well or something happened where they had to

stay. these things were last planned or preordained and we would like to think watching from the outside. there is a lot of chants and roles of the dice in there. we have all watch the apprentice where it is reality television and you are told that you are a contestant one minute and then you are fired is there a sense of how much time do people have two prepare for this or it clear there desks? i cannot think of a better analogy. you find out by watching the news whether you have been promoted, kept herjob or been fired. your family, friends, enemies, teachers, dog find out at the same time as you and the time to clear your desk is brutally small. they have a new secretary of state who is about to walk in through the door and they want to impress them said the last thing they want is old advisers hanging around like a bad smell so it is brutally efficient. and as i said, you sign up for that when you take these jobs and they are so when you take these jobs and they

are so good along the way and so interesting and rewarding, you take the rough with the gate and understand that is the way politics works. dmsa? on reshuffle days it is much more fun being on this side. -- dmsa? you don't have to worry about childcare costs while trying to convince the minister that they would be fools to get rid of you. thank you very much indeed. —— do you miss it? it is been pretty clear to anyone who has followed the spread of coronavirus that the figures we have been getting from china were incomplete. government officials suspected it too. in the past 2a hours two top communist officials in charge of the response have been sacked. and now, those with flu symptoms, who have had a ct scan showing a chest infection, are moved into the ‘definitely infected' column. and suddenly the figures jump. more than 240 deaths recorded wednesday in hubei province, the biggest death toll in a single day. it brings the total to almost 14—hundred that have died.

in hubei alone some 15000 people were moved into the infected column yesterday bringing the total number to almost 60—thousand. in the uk — where the first case of the virus was confirmed in london yesterday — authorities have outlined a four—point tactical plan. the country's chief medical officer says containing and isolating is the immediate focus for medical teams. delaying any potential outbreak is crucial. so too the research in exploring the use of existing anti—viral drugs and developing potential vaccines. finally, they're trying to mitigate the impact any increase in coronavirus cases might have on the nhs. today the uk authorities released 83 people who had been flown back from wuhan and were in quarantine in merseyside. one of them is matt raw from knutsford — here is the moment earlier today when he was freed

from the medical facility. looking very happy. very happy indeed. we spoke to them before coming on airstop coming on air stop with the wonderful thing is that all 83 of the original people on that first evacuation flight has tested negative for the virus. that is the best news we could possibly have hoped for a. why were you in china? my hoped for a. why were you in china? my wife is trainees and her family lives over there. we went over there i think on the 315t ofjanuary last year ironically and it just seems like the right thing to do. i left in wuhan ten years ago for a couple of years and i have always considered wuhan almost a second home and now it is. but you wanted

to come out? obviously with the dangerous of the coronavirus and the numberof, dangerous of the coronavirus and the number of, the rate at which it was increasing, the hospitals where all. he so there were dangers associated with that and especially living there with my mother to a 75 and has alzheimer's, so it really was only natural and unfair to alzheimer's, so it really was only naturaland unfairto her alzheimer's, so it really was only natural and unfair to her at to get her out of there and try to mitigate the risk. once he made that decision especially with your mother as you say, how difficult was it to find information to be able to book transportation and make those decisions? to say it was impossible was near enough, it is pretty much an understatement. originally the communications out of the fco were just incredibly vague. messages like you need to try you need to get out

was the message they gave us but of course we we re was the message they gave us but of course we were saying public transport is close and airport is close and roadblocks, how are we supposed to get out? that was wearing. how did you spend the last two weeks? i have been rather busy, bouncing around the various media channels but stop at the hospital has been wonderful. to do what they did in such a short period of time and some had six hours to get that place together. to do that is nothing short of a miracle and there we re nothing short of a miracle and there were wonderful people who have been donating books and board games and all the rest of it for us to stay entertained. and also be counsel themselves who have been bending over backwards to do as much as they

can to keep us happy. a strangely shaped object spotted by a nasa probe in a far flung corner of the solar system has overturned the longstanding theory about how planets are formed. a new study out today has found the process can be less violent than scientists originally believed, with matter gently clumping together to form planets. so rather than a big bang, it was more of a gentle merging. this report by our science correspondent, pallab ghosh. billions of years ago, the planets in our own solar system formed. it was a violent process of rocks crashing together and merging until they became worlds which included our own earth. or so we thought. today, at a news conference in seattle, nasa scientists said that the theory held for the best part of 60 years was completely wrong. it is a wonderful scientific

present and the results have just been described to you are in my view watershed. this is how planetesimals formation took place across the asteroid belt and possibly the solar system. the sun is right in the middle of the solar system. closest to it are the four small rocky planets, including the earth. then further out are four much larger planets, the most famous of which is saturn. then at the edge is tiny pluto, 3 billion miles away. just one of thousands of rock and ice in an outer zone called the kuiper belt. these are unused building blocks left over from the creation of the planets four and a half billion years ago. nasa's new horizon spacecraft reached one of these objects, named arrokoth, last year. it is only now that scientists have been able to study it in detail. it consists of two boulders fused together. look closely at the join and there is no evidence of a violent impact,

no cracks, rather a slow coming together, notjust of these two boulders but a gradual accumulation of all the ice and rocks that built the planets we know today. objects in the kuiper belt are of great significant for us. pallab ghosh, bbc news, seattle. for more on this we are joined by... monica grady, a professor of planetary and space sciences at the uk's open university. thank you forjoining us. how significant is this and what was the technology that allowed us to change our understanding of what we thought we knew? it is the result of this amazing space mission, the new horizons mission flew past plato and then flew past this little body and it was only close to the body for a handful of minutes and in that time

it collected a huge amount of data in terms of images and spectroscopy use and what the service of this bodyis use and what the service of this body is made of. and with these images, it is shown to be really smooth and as he sat in his report there is no cracks rate the two things have joined together and it has kissed together and stuck together. it shows the first generation of objects that formed 4.5 billion years ago from the solar syste m 4.5 billion years ago from the solar system and it was a very slow and gentle collision. renewed that somewhere gentle but we thought most we re somewhere gentle but we thought most were energetic and destructive. somewhere gentle but we thought most were energetic and destructivelj somewhere gentle but we thought most were energetic and destructive. i am still puzzled, if there was not a big bang did all of these rocks and d raft big bang did all of these rocks and draft on the canvas? where were they

catapulted from ? draft on the canvas? where were they catapulted from? first of all the big bang that find the universe was 14 billion years ago and this has nothing to do with the big bang. so it did still exist, it is just these planets formed by fusing together? the big bang happened 10 billion years before this event. the big bang formed all the stars and the nebula and galaxies and that sort of thing and when we see these fantastic pictures from the hubble space telescope and these are often places where stars are forming. sale are places where stars are forming. sale a re start places where stars are forming. sale are start formed in the corner of the nebula where the dust and gas collapsed to make the sun and it was very dynamic and turbulent and a lot of movement going on but on the outer edge as far away from the sun, they were not really energetic

collations. as it has been said they we re collations. as it has been said they were quite slow and gentle and almost state lee and the clumps went together and... sort of gently came together? and they stay together because there is not much else going oh because there is not much else going on out there. we have to leave it there but thank you so much for sharing your passion with us. my pleasure, thank you. for more than 50 years governments around the world had trusted a single company to keep their diplomatic communications secret. the company was called crypto ag. it built code—making machines for us troops during world war ii. and then through the cold war, the swiss based firm sold equipment to more than 120 countries. some of it still in use today. its clients included iran, india, pakistan, and the vatican. but what none of its customers could ever have known was that crypto ag was secretly co—owned by the cia and west

german intelligence. the spy agencies had rigged the compa ny‘s devices so they could easily break the codes that countries used to send their encrypted messages. it is an extraordinary story, just been published by the washington post. we can speak to greg miller who wrote it. is breathtaking to read said the best pa rt is breathtaking to read said the best part of 30 years there were countries all around the world buying these devices from the swiss company and paying money for the us and west germany to spy on them. you have us and german spies stealing your secrets but also taking their money, charging them as it were for the privilege of being spied on and surveilled. it is one of the most astonishing and far—reaching spying operations i have encountered in covering the space for the washington post for many years. tell us washington post for many years. tell us about some of the things they

knew that perhaps we did not think they knew? so, we know that during they knew? so, we know that during the heyday of this operation in the 19705 and 19805 and 19905, almost every global crisis the united states and germany were relying on intelligence from this operation to help inform their responses of the 1979 hostage crisis and iran, those negotiations between israel and egypt. the run from manuel noriega in panama. the united states was providing information to the uk so there is case after case after case ready united states was exploiting this operation. i was astonished to read that the german spy agency let the operation in the 90s that the cia kept on going until 2018. that set out to me simply because that

surveillance scandal involving us national security agency did not seem national security agency did not seem to concern the cia, that they might get caught? this is one of the more interesting things that we learned in our reporting around this was how this operation nearly sort of fell apart when the two partners leveraged at one point they kept going until very recently. this was a reporting project and in the mid to early 905 amid the cold war, the berlin wall comes down and germans become very concerned about exposure in the potential political blowback if it were reveal about their involvement in the operation so they asked to be let out at that. they looked for an exit and essentially the cia buys out the german shares and keeps going for another two decades. encryption has moved on from machines that we were looking

at there, do you think this explains why americans are so paranoid right now about the russian virus and all these other companies providing encryptions? this operation tells us a lot about us intelligence, it's expectations and the way if views the world. this operation helps us understand why the united states became such a voracious consumer of intelligence with an almost unlimited appetite which we learned from snowden and at the same time why the united states is concerned oh why the united states is concerned on other countries within there are many suspensions around and he mentioned hauwei and china, i think the antivirus software company in russia is another example. we have to leave it there but thank you for joining us today. this is beyond one hundred days.

still to come... facebook has more users than the population of the us, china and brazil combined. how does that affect democracy as we know it? scuffles broke out outside a courthouse in londonderry as a man appeared inside charged with the murder of journalist lyra mckee. paul mcintyre, who's 52 and comes from derry, has been charged with murder, possession of a firearm and membership of a proscribed organisation. lyra mckee was shot dead during riots in londonderry last april. our ireland correspondent, emma vardy, reports. lyra mckee's death has led to heightened tensions in derry. members of the group police say are the political voice of the new ira clashed with officers outside court. paul mcintyre, a 52—year—old man from the city, has been charged with murder, possession of a firearm and membership of the ira. it gets better for those of us who live long enough

to see it get better. lyra mckee, a writer and gay rights activist, stood next to a police land rover the night she was killed during rioting in the city in april last year. a gunman was seen on mobile phone footage, stepping out and firing towards police. the dissident republican group, known as the new ira, later claimed it was behind the shooting. the violence was widely condemned, bringing back memories of northern ireland's troubled past. today, the vast majority of those who live in derry do not support dissident republican groups. paul mcintyre, a man well—known locally, was greeted at court by a group of his supporters who held a protest through the hearing. inside court, paul mcintyre spoke only to confirm his name and address. his defence solicitor said he was accused of standing behind the man who'd fired the weapon, and was later seen picking up casings that had

come out of the gun. lyra mckee's partner, her family and friends attended court wearing t—shirts saying, "speak out for lyra." police say the search for evidence to try to bring the gunman tojustice will go on. emma vardy, bbc news, derry. before the internet there was no such thing as virtual space—our world was defined by borders and physical boundaries that separated countries across continents. today, however, we have communities that exist entirely online. companies like facebook, google, and youtube aren't just big—they're powerful. so, how should traditional nation—states confront the rise of so called "net states"? we're joined now by alexis wichowski, author of the information trade what arnett states? it is what

happens when big tech evolves beyond making apps and services and get involved in things that state use to control entirely, not like defence and diplomacy. are you saying then that these states are replacing some of the functions that traditional states have failed? i would say they are complementing them in ways that we need to pay attention to. for instance, facebook has a counterterrorism team that is larger than the us state department and i think it says something that in some ways governments are glad to see happening, because there is more help for fighting counterterrorism, or for fighting terrorism online. on the other hand there is lots of visibility from governments and to let these units are doing so that is something we need to pay careful attention to. you are starting to see governments wake up to this threat whether it is in the eu or in

the fdc this week, basically demanding information on deals these companies have done to grow. are they too late to start to recognise they too late to start to recognise the threat these net states pose? they too late to start to recognise the threat these net states pose ?|j did not think it is too great but the approach needs to be different. instead of focusing on user data, we need to think about all the different ways that net states collects data on users beyond when we use our apps and services. for instance if someone types and something to search in google or a post on facebook, that is one form of data and we can regulate that but we also need to think about our location data. what happens when we use google ways and they have a gps location? we need to be more sat down next about the kinds of data we are looking at when we use them. thank you.

now — if you're a regular viewer of this programme, you'll know our producers are never shy of sending us somewhere hostile. new hampshire this week, or iowa last week, or is there anything more hostile than westminster on a brexit debate night? yes, you and kattyjust need to get away from it all. take a break. and do you know — i might have just the thing it's almost fifty years since we sent anyone to the moon — but today nasa has announced its looking for two candidates — to go to the moon in 2024! and they want — one man, and one woman. i can think of two perfect contenders. you must bejoking. three you must be joking. three weeks and a moon capsule with caddy k? one small step for man and i lock her and the later planner —— nb lunar lander. we would send you off with

spaceice lander. we would send you off with space ice cream. i do not think they would take people. katty kay back next week. had a good time. goodbye. hello there, things are set to turn stormy or as we in the week and we have another storm as we head into the weekend and this will bring another swathe of severe gales and prolonged and heavy rain and places so we prolonged and heavy rain and places so we could see increase risk of flooding once again. today we have this area of low pressure bringing strong winds across southern britain and rain and snow further north but and rain and snow further north but a range of high—pressure building and in it will settle things down as we move through the overnight period. lighter and clear skies will lead to a cold night in eastern areas because further west winds will be picking up the next low pressure moving into the temperatures will rise. further north and east, and scotland there

isa north and east, and scotland there is a risk of ice in places. and a nice bright start in central and eastern areas with sunshine but clouds will build and as wet and windy weather spreads its way slowly