it does not seem donald trump is too keen to follow the advice about wearing a face mask. how do you feel about that, michael? about waiting a face mask? mm. i am aware that the president is a law unto himself, although he calls borisjohnson britain trump. i mean, borisjohnson is not like that, let's be clear. he has tested positively, he's self—isolating, a number of people around the cabinet table have also tested positively. donald trump and face masks, the latest news is this, there was a machine invented to turn them out quickly and this was done under the ages of the obama administration. when president trump came in, this was just reported in the washington post, he cancelled the programme. so instead of being able to crank out hundreds of thousands of masks

in america without too much problem, we are now in the situation where there aren't enough mask for front line staff, for people living in major urban areas, which is where the outbreak is more severe. lyse 7 asjournalists, we provide notjust the first rough draft of history, but also a snapshot where we broadcast one part of the sentence but not the other. i listened the full donald trump quote this morning, in which he says, i'm sitting behind this desk, i'm meeting kings, presidents, dictators, he actually used that word. i thought, who's visiting donald trump in these times?! in these darkest of times, we do have to have a little bit of humour. and i think we are all learning that. this is something that those of us who cover real wars far away,

that people do you find humour. i have to commend stefanie and michael for their restraint in not entering the battle of the book shelves, none behind you to distract our viewers here this morning. on the face mask, quite interesting culturally. i heard the chancellor of austria introducing earlier this week this requirement from wednesday of this week that people should have them, saying that, i know it seems a strange thing for us to do in austria, we associate it with people from the far east and tourists from china. he said, culturally, it might be difficult but we have to do this. the whole question of covering your face and the politeness of being able to see another person, it's a big issue, isn't it? we've had similar discussions, for example, of people wearing the hijab in the uk, people say i need to see people's faces to see if they like them or trust them. or how they are responding to me. yes, there have been wry comments in france that after all these battles for people not to wear the hijab, we're now telling them to wear face mask.

i think it's notjust an aesthetic issue. some of the doctors have pointed out that because those who have lived in countries where there have been other pandemics, they are used to wearing these face masks. sars... sars and mars. it is not just you have to wear it, you have to wear it correctly. if it is not put on correctly, it defeats the purpose, so the whole point is that you should feel comfortable wearing it, therefore you actually protect yourselves. but for the most part, i think, not only are we looking... and i did it this morning when i came to work, i wore one today because that's now the recommendation, almost no—one else on the street was wearing one. i thought they were looking at me like i was a bit too extreme, i was reminded of when foreign correspondents with their flak jackets when no—one else is wearing them but we have to do.

the thing with face masks, everyone is looking over their border like when neighbours look over the washing line at the fence next door. people are asking, how come germany has all these tests? how can this country has all these facemasks? canadians are saying, why is donald trump preventing face masks being made for us? the president of the european commission was saying, it is all for me. everyone is notjust conscious of what they have. everyone is conscious of what they don't have, vis—a—vis their neighbours, both in terms of their street but also in terms of countries. let's pause our discussion of coronavirus, and give some thought to other stories around the world that might otherwise have made the headlines. michael, do you want to kick off on this? sure, one of the things that is vaguely, it is not vaguely, it is completely about coronavirus. but the country with, i think, now the fourth largest outbreak of coronavirus, it may change, is iran. because over the last few years,

reporting restrictions have made it virtually impossible for western journalists to remain in tehran and cover the country, and it's a very important country. we have no idea what's going on. to me, that is something that is a lack, because iran sits in a very important strategic position, i'm able to follow news from kurdistan via twitter. in baghdad, pilgrimage season is on, we don't know if people are sneaking in from iran to go to the pilgrimage sites. all of this is critical because, as we learned in china, when you have a dictatorial regime, you can argue whether china is a dictatorship or merely authoritarian, but the dictatorship in iran. what we need now more

than anything is clear, open sharing of facts amongst medical professionals about what is happening, and we are not getting that. i would like to see more from iran. lyse, a little further east for your story, one which has resonance forjournalists around the world. yes, it throws us back to last time the world thought it was fighting a common war, that was the attacks of september 11th. news came from pakistan this week that the high court overturned the death sentence for a british—born militant who was convicted of abducting and murdering the wall street journalist who was 38 at the time, daniel pearl. he said he could be released from jail because there was not enough evidence of him actually carrying out the act, he was just an accomplice. there was a huge outcry, including from the us state department,

and the lower court said, fine, we are arresting them and they cannot leave. it is a reminder of the unfinished business of other wars. should be pointed out that the tail is a very murky. there has been an investigation from georgetown university that actually omar sheikh was involved in it but actually didn't murder daniel pearl himself. and the real guy who did it is languishing in guantanamo bay. who is the mastermind of the 9/11 attacks. a complicated tale but a reminder that these wars have a very long tail and the suffering and pain connected to them. daniel pearl was trying to find some of the people involved in the attacks of 9/11 in pakistan, and he paid a terrible price, it was a horrible story at the time and still is. stefanie, your interest in europe, there was one particular eu country you wanted to mention.

i am maybe staying a bit closer to home, it is a story that has been reported in the uk and europe but i think it's an interesting story on a wider scale. on monday this week, the hungarian parliament with a two thirds majority allowed viktor orban from now on to rule by decree, this without any time limit. this is something we have seen, especially in hungary, but also in poland, that these countries tend to really undermine the constitutional checks and balances of their countries, whether it be undermining the freedom of the press, also the independence of thejudiciary. we can really see that some governments now use the crisis to just. ..simply for power grabs. on one hand, the question evolves from how will parliament,

and therefore democracy, after the crisis get into the place it should be? on a wider scale, the question of civil liberties. if i look at germany, my own country, it is quite famous for data protection. because of our history, people are very wary of any intrusion of their privacy and private lives, of course because of the nazi story and the stasi in the gdr. it is seen as a very good means to track people with smartphones, where they are going, how much they are moving. and how, once this is over, do we go back to civil liberties and the protection of the private person as we were before coronavirus? we are forever reminded... as a sociologist and political scientist said after the attacks of september 11th, they reminded us that it is often not the event itself that has the longest repercussions,

it is our response to the event that could actually prove to be more catastrophic. we saw what happened after the september 11th attacks, two major international invasions, etc, etc, and decline of civil liberties in many parts of the world. as stefanie mentioned, the human rights chief of the un yesterday spoke out about this and warned that the surveillance, which is quite effective in some countries, the tracing that south korea has used has been very effective. but some leaders could take advantage of the situation as stefanie has been talking about in hungary to take all powers, to use michael's phrase, a law unto themselves, at this time because they can say, "anything justifies it because i'm saving lives." as the pandemic ravages parts of europe, an old dispute has been revived under a new label. member states are debating corona bonds, a way of sharing the cost around the eu to help the member countries whose economies are most affected. but as in the eurozone crisis of a decade ago,

they're in the south, and countries like germany and the netherlands — prudent with their money — have already rejected a call from france, italy, spain, ireland and five other countries for a common debt instrument. as for that, one of the world's oldest unions is feeling the economic strain too — 10 million people are nowjobless in the united states of america. michael, how is the united states coping with that prospect? well, i don't think anyone can begin to have a policy for that. when the economy — and it's being shutdown piecemeal, remember that the federal response from the white house has been — two weeks ago, they were saying "we will be in church for easter." now finally the penny has dropped, and they are acknowledging that this is going to go on for quite some time. and the states are having to shutdown new york city, now the epicentre of the global pandemic, effectively shutdown.

it was always going to be a moment of increased unemployment, but i think even people who study it, 3.3 million people filed unemployment claims last week. 6.6 million people in the weekjust finished, that's 10 million people. to me, it seems to me that this is a moment that's the equivalent of the 1929 stock market crash. the stock market crash didn't immediately cause the depression. and to answer your question, several years went by while the ripples, big ripples, went throughout the economy and ultimately ended with mass unemployment and banks collapsing. i think when you look at 10 million people filing for unemployment in a month where we were all astonished when a republican administration and a republican senate voted to give every american adult $1,200 for a month. now, that's not going

to be nearly enough. because once you start taking away jobs in this number, no—one knows how many come back, nobody knows at what level pay will be when you go back to work. and because it could be months yet before the economy is functioning, you're looking at a mass unemployment event with no way for the government to help because everybody is going to be told to stay at home. it's an impossible situation and a very dangerous one. stefanie, in europe, this kind of tension, how serious is it? you could argue, unlike the eurozone crisis, it is quite hard to blame the southern european countries, because everybody is being affected by coronavirus, itjust happens that their economies are weaker to start with, which you could argue is a failure of the eurozone system anyway. yeah, i think it feels a bit like deja vu, but the feeling is that it will be much worse than the eurozone crisis,

which started in 2009 and then dragged on for a very long time and, in fact, was never really solved. apart now from the financial question, i thought, at least at the very beginning of the crisis, europe was kind of all over the place. so, you saw countries shutting down their borders, which they can of course, because if the nation says there is a threat to public safety and public health, they can close their borders. poland did that, for example, and caused that interruption of tra ns—european traffic. and especially the transport of really essential goods. germany decided for some days to put controls on the export of protective clothing, which was of course also seen as a very selfish decision. so this has now calmed down. for the european commission, to be fair, it is very difficult to interfere there because things like health and also control of the borders at the end of the day are national sovereignty.

it is not unlike many brexiteers are saying, the commission decides everything. that is not the case. the member states have a lot of competencies. of course, it is seen now that the dialogue is even more difficult. the council meeting last week was a video council. next tuesday is the next finance ministers council, also done via video link. it is going to be interesting what comes out of that meeting. all i'm hearing from brussels is that they will postpone a decision, and countries such as germany and especially the northern country will argue that actually there are billions of euros help by the european central bank, by the european investment bank. the commission just announced a 100 billion package for workers that have lost theirjobs. i don't think there will be much of a difference to what we have seen in the eurozone crisis. if i could just add in, one of the interesting things about this crisis is that it's shown

that many of the veteran politicians around europe, and indeed around the world, have been overtaken ideologically. so, in the netherlands, for example, which has had the loudest voice in countering this idea of a corona bond, the prime minister, his coalition is under pressure, two of the parties have joined him, in forming the government are more inclined to show fraternity and solidarity with italy, spain and france. which also has a severe outbreak. i think there will be a lot of pressure, and i would be interested to see what kind of pressure the current ruling coalition in germany may come under. in the end, the economy is so thoroughly intermingled, particularly on the continent, that to say, well, we are not going to help corona bonds or,

indeed, the best way to go forward, we are not going to help italy or spain, it could have an incredible knock—on effect on the northern countries. i think that as the weeks go by, politicians are going to come under more pressure in the north than perhaps they are at the moment. lyse, it's interesting, the example there that michael gave of the comparison with the 1920s and ‘30s, because i suppose the dilemma for any politician now is that your reputation destroyed by how you answer or don't answer these challenges. president hoover, a man who had helped to feed the starving masses in europe at the end of the first world war, a man who had quite a lot of good things in his political past, his reputation was destroyed by being the man in office there. the shanties set up by the people withoutjobs who were homeless and starving, and fdr came up with his message of hope. nothing to fear but fear itself. there are political opportunities, but also a huge risk for leaders around the world,

how they tackle this challenge. this is the kind of crisis we generally use phrases like defining moments. this defines citizens, it defines the states, and it defines the relationship between the citizen and the state. it brings it right down to the basic. people are elected or people are in power to protect their people, and now their people need protection. this will sit long in the memory, even in china. china has not been able to suppress the voices there, and that is a country which has huge control over the internet and other means of communication. people are saying, you are not telling us the truth, you never protected us. as stefanie says, there was an impression that britain was slow. people are saying, what does that mean in terms of lives? individuals are asking, did i lose my grandfather because we were not quick enough? did i lose my mother who's a nurse because she didn't have the protective equipment? people, individuals, neighbourhoods, societies, countries will remember

what their governments did not do or did do at this hour of need. good. thank you very much. let me ask for a final thought you would like to leave us with at this time. lyse, first of all, you had a thought about the future of government? well, there is always, to use another phrase, there are also wars within wars. it is a journalistic lexicon. we are already hearing about the battle of narratives. people still remember to this day who came to us in our hour of need in the first world war, the second world war, who fought against us, who took too long to came who fought against us, who took too long to come to our aid. we have ceremonies, we have monuments to remember who stood shoulder to shoulder with us. this is already being discussed, we were focusing on europe. apparently they did a survey in italy where 60% of italians say not enough aid was coming from europe and saying

that the chinese and russians are helping us. but factually, i understand that it is not the case. europe did do more for italy, but people believe that the chinese did more. when this is done, because one day this will be over, people will remember the heroes. the heroes on their street, the heroes in their country, but also the heroes who stood by each other, which is why, day in, day out, we are hearing from the un and other world organisations, let's work together, so that at the end of the day we can say that we all did whatever we could to keep all of us safe. stefanie, a brief last thought from you. very briefly, i was very moved yesterday by the nurse, the head of the royal college of nurses, who spoke at the government press conference, and was talking about these two nurses that lyse just mentioned, two young women, three children,

and they died working to save patients. they were pleading, please stay in. i mean, this weekend, it's really hard in britain, everybody wants to go outside, you have kids to pacify — there is going to be such nice weather, everybody wants to go outside, you have kids to pacify — but please, everybody has to stay indoors. michael? just to say to all people viewing — read your papers with proper journalistic scepticism. the projections about what will happen next, how many numbers, how many this — we simply can't know. the data collection on this disease have been very, very poor, so learn to read the numbers, it will help you with your anxiety. learn to read the numbers with some scepticism. if you hear a hard fact — 5,000 masks for 500,000 nhs workers, you can take that to the bank. if someone says, you can have 100,000 or 250,000 deaths, that is a meaningless

extrapolation, ignore it. thank you all very much forjoining us on the programme. my thought before going — this virus is infectious, but a smile is much more so. from dateline london, until the same time next week, goodbye. good evening. many of us had a lot of sunshine today and in the sunny spots, the temperatures of corresponded. 21 in london and the south—eastern parts of north and west wales. the warmest day of the year so far. briefly, it turns cooler tomorrow. a mix of sunshine and showers. the

temperatures will then rebound later in the week. today we had this feed very warm aircoming in the week. today we had this feed very warm air coming from the south, brought in our direction by a strong wind. it stays windy across western parts of the uk, particularly tonight. we also see this weather front starting to stagger eastwards. we have already had rain in western areas, the rain will push slowly eastwards as we go through the night. the rain quite sporadic, on and off but the odd heavy burst, not get into eastern england or eastern scotla nd get into eastern england or eastern scotland late in the night. temperature wise, a very mild night. 9-12. it temperature wise, a very mild night. 9—12. it looks like this front will become quite slow—moving across eastern england. the rain likely to p9p up eastern england. the rain likely to pep up in the morning across parts of the south—east and east anglia. it will clear away to leave brighter skies and sunshine. the scattering of showers, particularly in northern ireland and scotland, where sam could be heavy and possibly thundery. anotherfairly could be heavy and possibly thundery. another fairly windy day here. the wind gradually easing a touch. those temperatures down a

little but 12-18 touch. those temperatures down a little but 12—18 still quite respectable for this time of the air. as we move into tuesday, there is an area of high pressure building m, is an area of high pressure building in, light winds under the centre of the high, particular towards the south and the east. that means we could see some frost tuesday morning, may be the odd fog patch. but with that, lots of dry weather, lots of sunshine, some patchy cloud turning the sunshine hazy in northern ireland and western scotla nd northern ireland and western scotland but the temperature is starting to creep upwards once again. as we move out of tuesday and wednesday, we are trapped in a bit ofa wednesday, we are trapped in a bit of a battle between the high—pressure centre just to the east and these frontal systems and low pressure trying to squeeze in from the west. the battle between those two will force warm air up from the south across just about all parts of the uk. staying a bit cooler in northern areas but further south, 23 it looks like. a greater chance we will see some rain by friday.

you're watching bbc news, as we build up to a special broadcast by her majesty the queen to the united kingdom and the commonwealth in relation to the coronavirus outbreak. our royal correspondent nicholas witchell joins me now. what can we expect to hear from the queen? two principal purposes, i would say, to reassure the nation and to rally national resolve. she's been asked to do this by the british government and i am sure that she would readily agree to that. but to put this in context, this is a broadcast without parallel. within the seven decades of her reign, because it is the forced time she would have broadcast to the country when it is the country facing a national emergency and national

peril. you would have to look back really to 1940, where as a 14—year—old teenager, princess elizabeth, she broadcast herforced broadcast at the time of the blitz. —— first broadcast. she broadcast to reassure pa rents —— first broadcast. she broadcast to reassure parents separated from their parents after the evacuation from london and other cities and i think she might even refer to that and some of the similar themes. but this broadcast, written largely by her, we are told, deeply personal, drawing on some of her experiences, we understand, recorded at windsor castle where she was moved a couple of weeks ago for her own safety, recorded a couple of days ago with just one bbc cameraman in protective equipment in the room with her to safeguard her. and from the extracts which were released last night by buckingham palace, we know she will thank those on the front line, in the nhs and in care homes and she

will thank those essential workers and thank everybody who is following the government guidelines and staying at home to safeguard the vulnerable. we know from what was released last night that she will urge self—discipline, quiet resolve and fellow feeling. and she will suggest that our collective response to this unprecedented situation will define us. we have been given these words from the broadcast. i hope those that come after us all say that the britons of this generation we re that the britons of this generation were as strong as any. you make an interesting point, and we have heard plenty of references to wartime spirit in the last few weeks and worth remembering that the queen is a veteran of world war ii and served asa a veteran of world war ii and served as a mechanic. she did. she joined up. she was second subaltern elizabeth windsor in the service i never saw active service because she was just 18 years old, but it was important to her to be part of the national effort then, and it is the

only time in her life that she has donned a uniform as monaco. she has never worn uniform. in the style. in 19 45, we remember her on buckingham palace's balcony in her ats uniform. so, yes, it's a terribly important broadcast for her andindeed terribly important broadcast for her and indeed for the british government, which, as i say, will have asked her to make this broadcast, and she will have developed the wording of it with, i'm sure, the prime minister. we will of course continue to have you with us for the next few minutes. we now welcome viewers on bbc world news as we build up to this special broadcast by her majesty the queen to the united kingdom and the commonwealth in relation to the coronavirus outbreak. our royal correspondent nicholas witchell joins me now. the queen's own family has been affected by this. she is in

isolation and the prince of wales has been ill. this is as personal to her as everyone else in the country. it is. her eldest son has had the virus and recovered from it. he broadcast via a link to open the nightingale hospital in east london and we saw him just a few days ago. close friends of her have also got this virus and it is also very personal to her, as it is to everybody in this country. i'm sure that there cannot be anyone in this country and indeed around the world, because this is a broadcast that will be listened to notjust in the commonwealth, but as the longest serving head of state in the world, her words will be listened to in countries beyond these shores. so in a few moments, we will hear this speech by her majesty, the queen. our royal correspondent, thank you. there have only been four special addresses before this by the queen,

1991, 2002, most recently, the jubilee. now from windsor castle, a special broadcast by her majesty the queen to the united kingdom and the commonwealth in relation to the coronavirus outbreak. i'm speaking to you at what i know is an increasingly challenging time. a time of disruption in the life of our country. a disruption that has brought grief to some, financial difficulties to many and enormous changes to the daily lives of us all. i want to thank everyone on the nhs front line. as well as care workers and those carrying out essential roles, who selflessly continue their day—to—day duties outside the home in support of us all.