this is bbc news with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. i'm sally bundock. boris johnson urges people to use common sense, as he defends his plan to relax the lockdown in england president trump takes questions on testing after white house staff test positive for coronavirus. israel's strategy of using surveillance to help lower the infection rate ca uses c0 ntrove i’sy. critics say it's an invasion of privacy. and positive signs that some professional sports may be able to resume play in the near future, but questions remain over how to keep games safe for all.

good to have you with us. boris johnson has defended plans to relax the lockdown in england amid accusations that his government's proposals are confusing. in england, from tomorrow, people can go outdoors as often as they want and can meet with one person from another household in a public space, as long as social distancing is respected.with some workers being encouraged to return this week, the prime minister said he was not expecting "a sudden big flood" of people to go back. our political editor laura kuenssberg reports. was the day any different? on the wild yorkshire coast? on the quiet manchester commute? to a few more travellers on london's

lines, all trying to work out what the slow train to a new normal looks like, with many questions tonight put direct to the prime minister. yesterday, you left the nation with more questions than answers. why have you been so vague with who can start back at work and which businesses can reopen this week? it's when you come to take small steps back to normality, as we are now, that clearly, the message becomes finer, more complicated. earlier there were plenty of questions from mps too. the prime minister made no bones about the complexity but the opposition, like many of the public, wants crystal clear messages too. what the country needs at this time is clarity and reassurance and at the moment, both are in pretty short supply. and at the heart of the problem, it seems, is that the prime minister made a statement last night before the plan was written or at least finalised, and that has caused considerable confusion. and whether it's

near empty parks in cardiff, or deserted beaches of aberdeen, the administrations in scotland, wales, and northern ireland are taking a different path, sticking to the stay at home message with sharp political disagreement. the elastic bonds between westminster, belfast, edinburgh and cardiff are certainly being stretched and, in private, frustration among tory mps is bubbling up too. one cabinet minister confided the situation was so complicated, they feel like they almost cannot win, but no question, unease about the government's handling of the crisis is certainly starting to spread. laura kuenssberg, bbc news. we will have a lot more on what it will mean for uk workers to return. that is coming up in the business coverage in around 25 minutes. but now to the us. president trump has defended safety measures at the white house after a member of his own deputy‘s

staff tested positive for the coronavirus, prompting several top officials to self—isolate. mr trump spoke as the number of deaths in the us stemming from the pandemic passed eighty—thousand. staff at the white house have been directed to wear face masks. our north america correspondent peter bowes reports. the message of the day, america is doing more kronos processing than any other country, according to don trump. addressing reporters of the rose garden at the white house, he brushed off the suggestion that the system had broken down after the vice president's ter secretary contracted the virus. i don't think the system broke down at all. one person tested positive, surprisingly, because the previous day tested negative stop and three people that were in contact, relative contact, who i believe the vault tested dodoo the negative, but they are going to for a period of time self

isolate —— totally. it can happen. as the hidden enemy. white house staff must now cover their faces at all times, except when seated at their desks, socially different from colleagues. mr trump said he didn't need to wear a mask because he kept far away from everyone. in an upbeat assessment of the months ahead, the president said the us economy was on the verge of being revived and next year will be one of the best the country had ever had. as people head back to work, the us government is to provide $11 billion for individual states to wrap up coronavirus testing. this week the united states will pass 10 million tests conduct that, nearly double the number ofany conduct that, nearly double the number of any other country. we are testing more people per capita than south korea, the united kingdom, france, japan, sweden, finland, and many other countries, and, in some cases, combined. the present's blatant boasting about the number of

tests being carried out in the us robbed this question from a chinese—american reporter. us robbed this question from a chinese-american reporter. why is this a global competition to you if every day americans are still losing their lives and we still losing their lives and we still more cases every day? well, there losing their lives everywhere in the world and maybe that's a question you should ask china. don't ask me. ask china that question, ok? when you ask them that question you may get a very unusual answer. yes, behind you, please. so, why are you saying that to me, specifically? i'm telling you. i'm not saying it specifically to anybody. i'm saying it to anyone who would ask another question like that. that's not a nasty question. please go ahead. later centreman, thank you very much. appreciated. but instead of asking —— answering another question he entered the briefing abruptly and headed back to the white house. it opposed, bbc news, los angeles. —— peter bowes. some european countries

have cautiously begun to lift their lockdowns, with millions back in work after eight weeks of restrictions. in italy, fewer than 1,000 people with coronavirus are currently in intensive care — for the first time in two months. french shops and primary schools, in the majority of regions, are re—opening after the country was divided last week into green and red zones. and in the netherlands, some hairdressing and beauty salons welcomed back customers after weeks of being shut. russia's president will be easing the nationwide lockdown, starting on tuesday. vladimir putin says ‘all sectors of the economy‘ can go back to work. but the restrictions will be lifted gradually, he said, and those over 65 will be asked to stay at home. russia has the third highest number of infections worldwide. and in spain, cafes and restaurants have re—opened outdoor terraces, and gatherings of up to ten people are now allowed in those parts of the country that have been less affected by the coronavirus. as we've heard, various countries around the world

are starting to lift lockdown restrictions after a slowing of the spread of the virus, but that's not the case in latin america, where infections continue to rise. rich preston has this report. varying measures to restrict movement have been in place in brazil since mid—march but here in niteroi near rio de janeiro, this is only day one of a lockdown, a measure officials have put in place forjust one week. brazil is the worst hit country in south america with over 165,000 cases and more than 11,000 deaths but scientists say the real figure could be much higher due to a lack of proper testing and brazil may not even reach its peak for several more weeks. the country's president, jair bolsonaro, is supposed to lockdown measures which he sees as being too damaging to the country's economy. he's now issued a national decree branding gyms, beauty salons, and hairdressers as essential services. further north, el salvador has some of the strictest lockdown measures in place.

public transport has been suspended, you can only go shopping twice a week and those violating the lockdown measures are detained but feelings amongst salvadorans are split. some say they understand the need to protect lives while others say it is impacting them financially. translation: health is what's important and that is what we are seeing right now. the government are taking care of our health. translation: if the situation continues like this, sooner or later you're going to see people rise up. nobody wants to die from hunger in their home. translation: there is no work for anyone, nobody can make any money because you can't go out. i think the measures they've imposed are good because it stops the infections but yes, we've been affected by it. the country's supreme court has ordered the president not to detain those violating restrictions which he says are in place to save lives.

the country has reported just over 950 cases of the virus and 18 deaths. richard preston, bbc news. let us dicuss some of the risks. with many countries in the world debating how best to end the lockdown and enable shops and offices to open again the main worry remains that the virus could spread again, leading to a second wave of infections. shops opening, schools, offices in some cases, hairdressers. what is the risk of a second wave? professor lee riley is chair of infectious diseases at the school of public health, university of california, berkeley. he's in california now. welcome to the programme. so tell us what you think as many countries and, in the us, different states start to try to return to normal, what are the risks? well, the risks are what we are actually witnessing now, there appears to be a resurgence in many of these countries, where they have relaxed some of the restrictions and i think we're going to to see these types of

recurrence of the outbreaks. and we have seen this in germany, in korea, in many other countries that have relaxed some of the restrictions. do you believe countries have done so too soon and, as they say, in some states in the us we have seen relaxation of lockdown measures to soon? it's really hard to say. i think people are using different criteria for relaxing the restrictions and some of them are much more organised and others are not as organised. and so they are looking at the data they have to make these decisions. it's really ha rd to to make these decisions. it's really hard to say. but i think we will know because if we are indeed consistently seeing these resurgence then we have two rethink the relaxation of the restrictions. as people return to work, what do you

think they should consider in terms of self protection? well, they should still continue to maintain the social distancing direct to, wear masks. i was they curry hand sanitisers at all times. maintain the social distancing, the 6—foot rule, so evenif distancing, the 6—foot rule, so even if they are in a social gathering type of situation they need to adhere to these rules that have been instituted. just very briefly, masks, to what extent do they help? there is debate about or not they really make a difference? right. ithink there is more evidence now that there is more evidence now that the masks do indeed protect the people who wear them from getting infection. ithink understanding was you wear a mask to protect others, especially if you were infected yourself, but now i think is good evidence that the masks indeed to protect a person from getting infected. this is something that really should be

encouraged. 0k. professor lee riley, thank you for your time. we appreciate you sharing your expertise here on the bbc. still to come in this program: boris johnson calls for common sense as the uk prepares for some lockdown restrictions to be lifted. health officials in the state of new york are investigating 85 cases of children with an inflammatory disease possibly linked to covid—19. other states have also been alerted to the newly discovered symptoms in children, which can include inflammation of the heart. here's new york governor andrew cuomo. this does not present as a normal covid case. covid cases tend to be respiratory. this presents as an inflammation of the blood vessels, sometimes inflammation of the heart. it is possible that these cases were coming in and were not diagnosed as related to covid because they don't appear as covid.

dr adriana tremoulet, associate director of the kawasaki disease research center, joins us from san diego. welcome to the programme. would you shed more light on what could be happening with these children? it's a real worry, isn't it? sure. so what we're seeing throughout the world is in places where they have been most impacted by covid—19 illness we are now seeing children, although beers a few only, gratefully, that are coming in with fever, severe abdominal pain, rash, red eyes, and some swelling of the hands and some swelling of the hands and feet. and they are coming in in shock, their blood pressure is low, their heart is not looking well and that's really the tell—tale say ——

sign of what's going on. some are linking this to what is known as kawasaki disease, that it is similar in how it presents itself, is there any sort of link? it is important to understand what kawasaki disease is. it is an inflammatory disorder that is really characterised by fever, rash, swollen hands and feet as well as redness of the lips and swelling of the net flows that the back definite lymph nodes. you can see what is going on right now in children in hard—hit areas right now in children in ha rd—hit areas called paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome, you can see how there has been a link between kawasaki disease. it is still really unclear to us if those two are linked. it is worth saying, though, isn't it, for those watching all over the world, this is

extremely rare, isn't it? yes, the most important thing for pa rents the most important thing for parents especially to understand is that this is not a common illness, it is infrequent. it is important to learn and for families to understand that if i have a child with fever and severe abdominal pain, especially if you have rash and red eyes, they should be brought to medical attention and evaluated. all right. thank you for talking to us. isreal‘s government says its success in lowering daily infection rates is, in part, due to its focus on surveillance, even allowing the domestic security agency to track citizens' phone location data. but that strategy for containing the spread of the virus is not without controversy, as our middle east correspondent tom bateman reports. her ship unlocks his bomb

shelter. —— hershey. now it is where he works. for this geographer, in more ways than one. i know they have the technology to do that, when it is up to you, they actually know where i am. he was ordered to self isolate for a fortnight in march the government text after israel's domestic spy agency turned virus hunter. he was told he had got close to a confirmed case. i don't want the government to see what i'm doing at every minute. but i understand that this is the situation. people are dying and nobody knows how to handle this virus. this is the tool that the government can use for that, i think it is worth the price. life emerging from lockdown. israel is claiming success tackling the coronavirus for now. due in

pa rt coronavirus for now. due in part its its unprecedented surveillance programme. scouring troves of phone data to check who has been close to him. iwent to check who has been close to him. i went to hear how it works from agency's former cyber chief, once known as agent harris, now coming out of the shadows. because it was a critical situation, ok, the government and the prime minister ordered them to do it because the capabilities, the important things save a life. it save life, and it save life also from corona. but now he says it is nearly time to stop using the spies. we must live with the virus, ok. we must return to our routine, life. two—thirds of staff have been locked down at his pizza place

in the lockdown. the former soldier says he would rather let the cafe close than be tracked. i asked to give up everything, your privacy, your basic needs, say sorry, but i wa nt to basic needs, say sorry, but i want to go to the bathroom, i wa nt to want to go to the bathroom, i want to do it alone. i don't wa nt want to do it alone. i don't want someone looking at me. it doesn't hurt anybody else. not everybody is a terrorist. opponents have gone to court as well, worried about the scope for abuse, others that the system distracts from a focus on testing. but the government says the surveillance is saving lives, our backing it in law and say there is oversight by mps. this feels like the start ofa mps. this feels like the start of a return to the way things we re of a return to the way things were before, but it is far from normal. monitoring surveillance of some kind are likely to be a key pa rt of some kind are likely to be a key part of the route out of lockdown. on the question for people is how much of it are they willing to accept to keep things like this? tom bateman, bbc news.

let's get some of the day's other news. the usjustice department is looking at whether to bring hate crime charges in the killing of ahmaud arbery. the 25—year—old black man was shot and killed while he was out for a run in georgia in february. two white men were arrested for his killing, but only after a national outcry about the handling of the case. the electric carmaker tesla has defied local health officials in california and restarted production at its factory there. alameda county, east of san francisco where the plant is based, wants tesla to stay shut. but on saturday, the company filed a lawsuit against alameda county, claiming it was violating the state's guidance. we have been asking people around the world to send us an update of how they are doing during this crisis. our team in syria met up with jana in a refugee camp in idlib. she told us how she feels

about the virus and how it compares to living with the threat of chemical bombs.

it is really good to hear your stories. we appreciate you sending them in. that was interesting to hear from jana. india's carbon dioxide emissions have fallen for the first time in nearly a0 years due to the country's coronavirus measures. figures from carbon brief, a british climate change information site, show the nationwide lockdown led to a collapse in demand for coal. it said coal—fired power generation in india fell 15% in march, compared to the same period last year, and over 30% in april. the uk government's announced that professional sport may be allowed to go ahead, but not until next month at the earliest. clubs from the english premier league — one of the most lucrative football competitions in the world — met on monday to discuss their next steps, but it's still not clear how the game will resume. the bbc‘s tim allman reports.

slowly, ever so slowly, football begins its comeback. barcelona players training by themselves to avoid any chance of spreading the virus. the president of la liga says he hopes matches will resume on june 12. in germany, the big kick—off is planned this weekend, although one team, dynamo dresden, is in isolation after two of their players tested positive for covid—19. and the other games will go ahead without one rather crucial element — spectators. translation: i think that people willjust be happy to watch bundesliga football on their screens at home. and of course for all of us, it's a completely new experience. we've never known this situation with coronavirus, but we have to complete our games without spectators. the fate of the english premier league is still up in the air.

clubs are struggling to agree a way forward and face potentially huge losses if a deal can't be reached. after their latest meeting, the premier league's chief executive, richard masters, issued a statement, saying: the moment we do go back, itjust needs to make sure it's at a moment where it's notjust for football reasons, it's safe, notjust for us footballers, but for the whole medical staff, the referees. but away from football, racing has actually resumed, with a meeting at longchamps. there were no crowds and the jockeys had to wear face masks, but it is

progress of sorts. tim allman, bbc news. we have all the top business stories and expert views on those coming up injust a moment. hello again. we've got another few cool days coming our way before the weather turns milder as we head into the weekend. now, at the moment, the satellite picture shows cloud in france. that's been bringing some extreme falls of rain here. satellite pictures to the north of the uk, where our air is coming from, shows a lot of cloud working into scotland. that cloud is bringing showers at the moment, and they'll continue over the next few hours as well, mostly across northern scotland. elsewhere, it's largely dry. now, quite a bit of cloud for eastern areas. it stays quite breezy as well, and that should keep the temperatures for the most part above freezing. but with lighter winds and clearer skies in wales, parts of the midlands and south—west england, these are the areas where we're most likely to see temperatures drop low enough to give us some frost to start

the day on tuesday. now, high pressure's still influencing the weather on tuesday, but we've got this cold front diving southwards into scotland as the day goes by. so, for many of us, a bright start to the day. there'll be some sunshine around. it tends to turn a bit cloudier through the day, and there is a risk of a few showers working into perhaps north—western areas of england and wales. but at the same time, we get this cold front bringing rain and probably a bit of snow into parts of scotland. northern ireland, england and wales, temperatures 11—13 degrees, but through the afternoon, as that cold front works southwards, we get colder air, 5—6 celsius. the rain turning to snow for a time. wintry showers follow for shetland and orkney. it will be a colder day for these far northern areas than it was compared with monday. high pressure is still there on wednesday, but eventually, it's going start to bring in a more of a north—westerly flow of air. so eventually, it starts to turn a bit milder, but the cold air still filters its way southwards down the north sea. so, wednesday, these northerly winds probably bringing a slight drop in temperatures to parts of eastern england,

and again, there will be some bright whether around. probably turning quite cloudy for a time during the afternoon. it's across western areas that we'll start to see the temperatures begin to lift a little bit, with highs up to 15 degrees in cardiff and plymouth, and maybe 12 or so in glasgow. as we head towards the end of the week and the weekend, high pressure keeps the mainly dry weather. eventually, though, starts to decline, and we get these weather fronts just toppling in across the north of the high pressure, bringing some thicker cloud, and that will ultimately bring the threat of rain this weekend to parts of scotland. but for most of us, it will be turning milder this weekend.

this is bbc news with the latest business headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. is it safe to return to work? critics argue there are more questions than answers as the uk government unveils its guidance on restarting the economy. and will be live to singapore as it reopened certain parts of its economy and attempts to beat the pandemic. —— reopens. if you have just joined if you havejustjoined us, a very if you havejustjoined us, a very warm welcome.

if you havejustjoined us, a very warm welcome. i'm sally bundock. we are focusing on the top business stories in the uk. the government has unveiled more details of its plan to restart the economy. downing street had initially wanted people who could not work at home to return to work on monday, but that date has now been pushed back by 48 hours with the government issuing more guidance. these include more guidelines for people working outdoors, such as workers in the construction industry. the government says arrival times should be staggered and more entry points should be provided to construction sites. and for office workers, employers should devise one—way systems to minimise contact amongst their staff. measures of that nature. joining us now is ann francke, who's the chief executive of the chartered

management institute. lovely to see you. what do you make of the guidance, pages of documents? indeed. over 50 pages of advice. it is, obviously, much of the advice is practical. much of the advice is reasonable. i think some of the issues surrounding this advice is the timing and nature of the release. so telling people on sunday they should had to work on monday simply doesn't give employers enough time to implement the measures that the government is suggesting. and, in fact, we know that most workplaces are saying they need at least two weeks to make sure their workplaces are safe. so the call to return to work for on—site workers came a bit too prematurely. that is the first thing they would say.|j prematurely. that is the first thing they would say. i was going to ask you about the

businesses you know of, the people you talk to, to what extent a re people you talk to, to what extent are they getting ready anyway, because, of course, they saw this coming. they would have been thinking through the processes in the workplace as they run, surely? well, that's true. we know from our survey that over two—thirds of managers, for example, were really waiting for the government advice to say right what is it we are obligated to do? many employers who have remained open during this time have taken remained open during this time have ta ken many remained open during this time have taken many of the steps that the government is recommending. so, for example, using plastic shields in shops to protect cashiers. the use of face coverings or masks is very widespread. and i think this is a point where the government should be clear to employers. we know most employers want to protect their employees in the work base and wearing face coverings in crowded spaces

just simply makes sense. just briefly, ann, this will mean work will change forever in ways, won't it was yellow of course it will. in fact, it is going to make it very difficult to be as productive. but many businesses can and should just continue to work from home and i expect that is what we will see happening. ann, good to talk to you. thanks for your time so early this morning. ann franckejoining us time so early this morning. ann francke joining us from the chartered management institute. let's take a quick look at how the markets are faring today. in singapore we are seeing a fairly flat day if not negative. hong kong down nearly 296, negative. hong kong down nearly 2%, australia down at 1.3. this as investors begin to get concerned about the fact that easing lockdown measures could lead to a resurgence of infection. we have seen a bit of that in germany. of course was seen of that in germany. of course was seen that in south korea and that is bringing the fear factor back. as far as oil is concerned, a further cut of all

production on the part of saudi arabia and other main oil producers, 1 million barrels of oil per day less on the market injune. so oil per day less on the market in june. so they oil per day less on the market injune. so they are cutting back by1 million barrels a day, further cut of other cuts have announced which is pushed up have announced which is pushed up the price of oil. now to singapore, where from today the city—state is re—opening a clutch of businesses including hairdressers and pet stores as it begins easing curbs on activity. restrictions were originally tightened again after a rise in the number of covid—19 cases following the first round of easing. let's get more on this from shara njit leyl, who nowjoins us from our asia business hub in singapore. nice to see you. must admit, i can't wait to get to a hairdresser, but they have many months to wait here in the uk. talk through what happening in singapore. that's right. i think you and me both, sally, think you and me both, sally, think it is the longest we have had our hair. it is hairdressers. singapore is one of the worst affected in asia in terms of the of known infections. just one of the many, laundromats, bakeries are

selling packaged food, they can all selling packaged food, they can a ll start selling packaged food, they can all start to reopen today. but employees and visitors will have to check in and out using a government application which essentially allows contact tracing and they still of course need to comply with social distancing rules. interesting these are the same measures that we at the bbc office here in singapore are abiding by. every morning the tea m abiding by. every morning the team here and i'd have to check in to this safe entry app on our mobile phones, that is after we have ta ken our mobile phones, that is after we have taken our temperatures and logged it stop i also need to check out of the app when they leave the office, essentially all it does is it gives the authorities to track people and alerts them, in this case, alert an entire office if indeed they have been exposed to someone who has the virus. we remember singapore was initially praised for its success in controlling this virus, but it introduced partial lockdown measures after a massive outbreak amongst the low—paid migrant workforce

here, mainly in the construction industry. it now has more than 23,000 infections, the highest number in southeast asia and leyds only behind china, india, pakistan on numbers infected here in pakistan, though the death rate, should add, from the virus has been amongst the lowest. it was also among the earliest cities report its first infection in late january. some said it was later implemented what is tubs is a circuit breaker measures, which is the partial lockdown we are in and much of this will continue untiljune one. all right, sharanjit leyl, thank you. let's get some of the day's other news. us president donald trump says he rejected the opportunity to renegotiate the us—china "phase1" trade deal, after chinese state media reported beijing was keen on fresh talks. trump said no further discussions would take place until china bought more us goods. under the phase one deal signed injanuary, beijing pledged to buy at least $200 billion worth of additional us goods and services over the next two years.

tesla has reopened its only us electric car plant in california, despite local orders against manufacturing. on monday, the company's chief executive elon musk tweeted that production had restarted and he would be "on the line with everyone else". musk previously vowed to move the firm's headquarters out of california if the plant wasn't allowed to reopen. p&o ferries has announced plans to make 1,100 of its staff redundant. the ferry operator said the reduced number of vessels and downturn in business had forced its decision to lay off staff. the owners of p&o ferries had previously stated the business needed £257 million in aid to avoid collapse. with sport on tv cancelled and many retailers closed the advertising industry has been hard hit by the pandemic. jpmorgan chase says the largest and most heavily leveraged companies, like wpp and publicis, are most at risk from advertisers cutting back their spending. however with the lockdown now slowly easing in many

countries, is there any sign of a bounce back? tom laranjo is managing director of the media agency total media. good morning, tom. just talk us through what's happening in terms about spending. no surprise at all we will see a significant drop. absolutely. so we've seen the sharpest drop in advertising expenditure, really, on record, beyond that seen really, on record, beyond that seenin really, on record, beyond that seen in the 2008 financial crisis. and it's notjust the fall in advertising spend, it's the significant uncertainty amongst businesses about what type of economy we are going to emerge into as we go through the various stages of the public health crisis. is quite quick, though, ad spending, to come back when things do, when

economic activity does start to return. but in this case this is unprecedented times. what do you think will happen? yes. advertising is often the first thing to rebound. it hasn't altogether ground to a halt. there are a number of businesses who have been able to serve our needs and our desires through this period very successfully. so businesses such as entertainment brands or delivery companies or even businesses who are able to show that they are delivering support and help through this time. so it hasn't ground to a halt. but it has certainly slowed. there are key concerns, for example, the airline industry, they are massive spenders on advertising, travel, tourism, those industries are strapped for

cash. there is no way they will be spending big on marketing in the future, is that? no, absolutely not. there are a number of industries that have been significantly hit by the enforced lockdown and will continue to struggle as we emerge through these different phases. as you say, the travel industry with its particularly acute restrictions and entertainment businesses as well, so restaurants and bars and clubs, are all going to struggle as we are unlikely to return anything like normalfor a good deal to come. all right, interesting. thank you, tom. tom laranjo from total media. in australia, the central bank is predicting the coronavirus outbreak will lead to the nation's biggest economic contraction on record. but some businesses have managed to flourish, as australians looked for ways to adapt to life under lockdown.

music plays. during this coronavirus it's been exceptionally busy. in fa ct, been exceptionally busy. in fact, we are doing three times our normal trade and significantly busier than a typical christmas would be for us. typical christmas would be for us. we almost embarrassed with the level of busyness because other customers that are coming and are under financial duress or that had substantial hours cut at work stop on the other hand, we feel fantastic about it in that we are seeing a whole new group of people come and get involved in cycling.

we decided to create our own home gym and i started searching for equipment, with each proved very difficult. all the new equipment was sold out, even used equipment, you couldn't find it anywhere. eventually i did find it, but it wasn't easy. a lot of businesses are suffering. we are one of the few lucky ones you have had an incredible increase in demand asa incredible increase in demand as a result of the outbreak of coronavirus. and it continues to grow so we've really seen a huge spike in demand. being in isolation with four children and a puppy has definitely been a challenging

time for everyone. i suppose having the puppy has been a really welcome distraction for everyone, particularly with my husband and i trying to work full—time, so the kids have kept the dog entertained and he has kept them entertained. it has kept them entertained. it has got us out of the house as well. so we're taking him the dog park. yeah, dogs don't do social distancing really. now, it's time for coronavirus explained. here's my colleague yalda hakim. we are taking a closer look at antibody tests, how do they work, how accurate are they, what role could they play in ending lockdowns and how to someone ending lockdowns and how to someone actually get tested? an

antibody test for an —— corona 19 -- antibody test for an —— corona 19 —— covid—19 is a way of seeing who has only had virus. antibodies are part of how our bodies respond to threats, things like viruses, bacteria and other things the body is either harmful. they can also provide some level of immunity to that particular pathogen in the future. but according to the future. but according to the world health organization, no study has yet evaluated whether the presence of antibodies to covid—19 confers immunity. dozens of covid—19 antibody tests have come onto the market in recent weeks, but there are questions about their reliability. the us food and drug administration was forced toissue drug administration was forced to issue this statement last week. to discuss this further, we are

joined by a doctor in baltimore who is an immunologist at the johns hopkins, and from utah, an immunologist who works for arup laboratories. let's go back to basics and i want to ask how an antibody test works. an antibody test looks for a person's response to the virus. it doesn't, it is not necessarily a person that is already infectious or still infectious. it is somebody who has had the infection in the past and you are looking for the immune response to the virus. does this mean then that we have immunity to something like covid—19? we have immunity to something like covid-19? as you just mentioned, we don't know that presence of antibodies currently equate to protective immunity. there are a number of ongoing studies to address that question, and there are general

information from other coronavirus, sars in the past, but we have not determined that for covid—19 to date. but we have not determined that for covid-19 to date. at what point, if you take this test, can you tell whether you have... at what stage in the elders will the state tests show you have antibodies? so it depends on antibody that you are measuring. there are different types of antibodies, but the antibody test that has been most utilised to date measures an antibody class that is present somewhere around eight to 14 days after infection, by 14 days most individuals will have presence of it and that indicates you have been exposed to the virus. it takes some time to convert and it varies from person to person. there are so many of these tests on the market. how

accurate are they? that is the thing. we don't really know. all of the test to date have relied upon a company's representation of the act to receive. so there have been a few publications of validation studies, is an independent check on what the company says, but those are, there are few and far between at this point. we expect more. the mda is pursuing a validation study for the tests that are on the market, but we haven't gotten any results from them yet. we are hearing that some of these tests are actually faulty. yes. so, some of the validation studies have shown that some of the companies have misrepresented how accurate the tests are, that is correct. and as that something that is deliberate? i was saying in my queue, taking advantage of people's anxieties right now.

antibodies test are a little harder to create than the tester that look for the actual virus in somebody who is infectious at that moment, so it is not surprising that there would be variability and you would be variability and you would have different results depending on what stage you are testing somebody, like was just mentioned, testing somebody three weeks out, four weeks out, you might get a better result than one week out from infection. but there is a lot of variability, but the fda was pretty clear there is some unscrupulous actors out there. your laboratories are doing some tests as well. tell us how that works. so we are currently offering, at the national level, antibody testing specifically igd testing, and we have developed or validated these tests, so as my colleague mentioned, they are manufactured to a different companies, and the role of the

laboratory is to evaluate these so laboratory is to evaluate these so to ensure there is high a ccu ra cy so to ensure there is high accuracy for these antibody tests. if you have antibodies and can you then be drawn into research, you know, in trying to develop treatments and a vaccine potentially? so there are studies that are ongoing to use convalescence so are studies that are ongoing to use convalescence so looking for people's antibodies to help treat other people who may be suffering from covid. so it is possible that people can, if they have been exposed, they have antibodies, that they may be able to volunteer their blog products —— blood products for this treatment. i know we keep saying that we still don't know enough about this particular strain of coronavirus, but if you have the antibodies, does that mean then that you may not get reinfected? so far, the data looks really good about that. we know, we haven't seen

re— infections occur when there have been some questions about the infections. it turned out to be an artefact, testing so it looks so far, so good, that we have no reinfection is, but we have no reinfection is, but we don't know how durable that immunity might last and we don't know all the factors that are involved in the immunity. antibodies look like they are playing an important role but there might be other parts as well. the immune system is pretty complex. can you come if you have the antibodies, are you have the antibodies, are you contagious? and you then go out and infect other people? you need the virus, you need to have the infectious virus in you to be contagious, and so antibodies don't test for that, but they, depending on, there are tests that look for the genetic material of the virus to see if you are still infectious. there is a thing called immunity passport. frankly, that people think if i

have the antibodies, then i can just go out about my normal day today life, and what sort of advice would be given to that kind of thing? so in the us at this point in time, there is no recommendation to use antibody testing in that setting, because we don't know about the duration of immunity, the level of protective immunity, and so thatis of protective immunity, and so that is the current situation here in the us. but i do want to say that antibody testing can provide some important information about the rate of true infection in the community or at true infection in the community orata true infection in the community or at a regional level, particularly since we suspect there are a lot of asymptomatic patients. so there are some appropriate uses of antibody testing. however, we need to be careful until you have more information about the immunity to go down the path of the suggestion that you made for immunity passports. there is

also a lot of ethical questions about that, isn't there, people that may think they can just go out and operate once they have some kind of immunity or perceived to because of the antibodies. yes. we are really concerned about setting up a system where people feel like they have to have covid in order to participate in society order to participate in society or have their livelihood, so we don't want to create centres where people think they need to get the disease. it is notjust the choice for them to get the disease. it is the choice for all of their contact. we want to limit those kinds of incentives, make sure that we don't create situations where people feel like they have to get this. everyone across the globe, most governments are struggling with this whole idea of opening up their economies again and protecting the health of people. so in terms of who gets these tests first, how does one go about that? as was

just mentioned, the biggest priority is to do the serum studies to find outjust in a population how widespread the disease is. that gives you a lot of information about the case fatality rate and also how effective the tests will be at an individual level. then also you need to go to the essential workers, the people in contact with other vulnerable populations. we might not have perfect information, but assuming people who have had it may be more immune, we want to make sure that we can do what we can to protect, for example, nursing and patient. no doubt richard countries will attempt to acquire —— richer countries will attempt to acquire this faster than the developing world. yes, absolutely, but contact tracing is still really where it is at, to make sure that you can close off many chains of infection and transition as possible, ——

transmission as possible. that is where the immediacy. antibody testing is very important, but i think wanting to prevent illness is the highest priority. hello again. we've got another few cool days coming our way before the weather turns milder as we head into the weekend. now, at the moment, the satellite picture shows cloud in france. that's been bringing some extreme falls of rain here. satellite pictures to the north of the uk, where our air is coming from, shows a lot of cloud working into scotland. that cloud is bringing showers at the moment, and they'll continue over the next few hours as well, mostly across northern scotland. elsewhere, it's largely dry. now, quite a bit of cloud for eastern areas. it stays quite breezy as well, and that should keep the temperatures for the most part above freezing. but with lighter winds and clearer skies in wales, parts of the midlands and south—west england, these are the areas where we're most likely to see temperatures drop low enough to give us some frost to start the day on tuesday. now, high pressure's still influencing the weather on tuesday, but we've got this cold front diving southwards into scotland

as the day goes by. so, for many of us, a bright start to the day. there'll be some sunshine around. it tends to turn a bit cloudier through the day, and there is a risk of a few showers working into perhaps north—western areas of england and wales. but at the same time, we get this cold front bringing rain and probably a bit of snow into parts of scotland. northern ireland, england and wales, temperatures 11—13 degrees, but through the afternoon, as that cold front works southwards, we get colder air, 5—6 celsius. the rain turning to snow for a time. wintry showers follow for shetland and orkney. it will be a colder day for these far northern areas than it was compared with monday. high pressure is still there on wednesday, but eventually, it's going start to bring in a more of a north—westerly flow of air. so eventually, it starts to turn a bit milder, but the cold air still filters its way southwards down the north sea. so, wednesday, these northerly winds probably bringing a slight drop in temperatures to parts of eastern england, and again, there will be some bright whether around.

—— weather around. probably turning quite cloudy for a time during the afternoon. it's across western areas that we'll start to see the temperatures begin to lift a little bit, with highs up to 15 degrees in cardiff and plymouth, and maybe 12 or so in glasgow. as we head towards the end of the week and the weekend, high pressure keeps the mainly dry weather. eventually, though, starts to decline, and we get these weather fronts just toppling in across the north of the high pressure, bringing some thicker cloud, and that will ultimately bring the threat of rain this weekend to parts of scotland. but for most of us, it will be turning milder this weekend.

good morning — welcome to breakfast with louise minchin and dan walker. our headlines today. boris johnson urges people to use common sense as he defends his plan to relax the lockdown in england. our challenge now is to find a way forward that deserves our hard—won gains, easing the burden of the lockdown and i will be candid with the house, this is an extremely difficult balance to strike. back to school — new guidance will see class sizes of 15 pupils, staggered break times and frequent hand washing. will workers be furloughed for longer? which subsidises the wages of millions of workers will be extended beyond june?