this is bbc news with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. i'm mike embley. hopes grow for a covid—19 vaccine after every volunteer involved in a trial at oxford university shows an immune response to the jab. they are extremely promising because these are the type of that we believe will be associated with production. in thejohnny depp libel case, amber heard says she was afraid herformer husband was going to kill her. president trump says he will send more federal law enforcement officers to deal with protests — local officials say it's an abuse of power. could the man who's ruled belarus for 25 years soon

lose hisjob? an election looms amid growing opposition to alexander lukashenko‘s response to coronavirus. hello to you. there has been some important progress in the race to find a viable, safe vaccine to halt the coronavirus pandemic today. here in the uk, scientists at oxford university say the vaccine they're developing appears to be safe and triggers an immune response. the uk government has already ordered 100 million doses of the vaccine. here's fergus walsh. three, one, three, one, one, nine, seven. so much is riding on this. could the oxford vaccine help end the coronavirus pandemic? more than 9,000 volunteers have received the jab in the uk — among them, these frontline nhs staff in newcastle.

i've seen what covid can do. the sort of severity of some of the cases has been quite upsetting at times, so i really wanted to try and help get rid of this disease. unfortunately, me dad fell ill with covid and was admitted here for eight days. and i think once it's been that close to home, it makes more ofa difference... you feel like you want to do your bit. vaccines work by training the immune system to recognise and remember the enemy — in this case, coronavirus. the oxford vaccine stimulates the creation of specialist y—shaped proteins known as neutralising antibodies. in the event of future exposure, these should latch onto the coronavirus and prevent infection. it also stimulates the creation of t—cells, another key part of the immune system. these should sweep up after the antibodies and destroy any cells that

have become infected. in the first 1,000 volunteers, the vaccine was safe and two doses gave a better immune response than one. the oxford team says it's a really important milestone. we're really pleased with the results that are published today in the lancet, because we're seeing both neutralising antibody responses and t—cell responses that we are optimistic may be associated with protection, but we still need to conduct those trials to prove that that's the case in humans. but we don't know if the vaccine will work in the real world and protect people from infection. trials have begun in south africa and brazil, both virus hotspots. so the answer there may come sooner than in the uk. so this is very good and it's very promising to start with. however, we have seen vaccines reaching this point and also failing, so we need to be a little bit careful and not

quite popping the prosecco just yet. i can fit you both in at quarter to one. perfect. these over—70s in southampton are all signing up to receive the vaccine. older people are more vulnerable to covid—i9. and our immune system weakens as we age, so whether the vaccine protects them is another key question that needs answering. how do you feel? i feel fine. good. fergus walsh, bbc news. the race is on to find a vaccine and test it within a large enough group. american pharmaceuticalfirm moderna is hoping to enter the final stages of its trials next week. they are ready to administer the vaccine to 30,000 volunteers — the biggest and the most crucial phase of human clinical trials for the vaccine so far. chinese biotech cansino biologics are the first to publish a full scientific study on its early human trials. their vaccine trial produced good antibody responses.

but it didn't work as well in people aged 55 and older. on tuesday, executives from five drug companies leading the vaccine race are due at a congressional hearing to talk about their progress in developing a product the entire world desperately needs. so, who will get a successful vaccine first and how much it might cost? well, to help us get some answers to those questions we can now speak to harald schmidt, who's a professor in the department of medical ethics and health policy at the perelman school of medicine, university of pennsylvania. thank you very much indeed for your time. what do you hope to hear from people tomorrow? well, tomorrow i think we will hear from the well, tomorrow i think we will hearfrom the drug companies, but a really key important thing as we move to this next stage is we have a sense about how vaccines will be allocated. so as important as having a safe and effective vaccine is, and that will be a little while, we need these large studies with 30,000 participants, that is really

only half the story, the other half is who gets it when we all can. because the reality is we will need to rush in vaccines, not just once. so will need to rush in vaccines, notjust once. so this is a key difference we have two other pandemics. manufacturing vaccines isn't done as quickly as manufacturing and packaging band—aids, for example. most experts expect that a four month supply will not be able to meet demand and that will be one piece where it will be very interesting to hear what the exact dose will have to say. secondly, the ending situation is to do with the fact that we are hearing from several executives, right, so we have a plural of vaccines, very likely, and that raises a whole other question in terms of rationing, because they are likely different in that effectiveness, for example across age groups, so each time there will be a lag between supply and demand and rationing will be necessary. plus those who receive the earlier, is effective vaccine, let's presume that number will also would be more effective one. so those things all need to be clarified by dan how do you think that rationing might be

done? demand is clearly going to be used. some of these vaccines, one might require 100 times more of it to be as effective as another. so the first thing to note is really that in the united states we currently don't have a clear idea about how this will work. so think about it, we started vaccine development in january and six months on we have a vaccine development term and promising vaccine counters, but no national plan that would set out how we allocate vaccines when all can have them. so historically don't think there isa historically don't think there is a good example that things and do well when science progresses faster than spacecraft speed and ethics is working —— walking, to stay metaphor. we as well —— as well as other countries need a national vaccine allocation plan and soon. they will lag another unique aspect of covid—19 in the us, which is the economic impact and the vastly different impact across racial groups. so why suggest that in places, in response to that, we should be allocating

vaccines in a way, among the general population, that we give priority to worse populations, economically worse populations. the reason is these groups are more dependent on income, less able to physically distance at home and at work and on the way to work and are more likely to spread the infection are more likely to be in the minority. so is really important in the us context that vaccine rationing recognises the impact over 19 has had on minorities. for example, on average, poses many black americans died compared to white so far. in some cities 6—fold. in some cities it would only increase past disadvantage, that is due to structural disadvantage. due -- given the resistance we have sent us, what issues you see with the ta ke—up sent us, what issues you see with the take—up of the vaccine, not necessarily among extreme anti—vaxxers, but those who are nervous about a new vaccine and don't see the risk from covid in quite the same way as others? i think it will bea way as others? i think it will be a challenge to make the case. as you know, around the

world vaccine is something to be taken seriously, especially when you argue as minorities, theyin when you argue as minorities, they in many reasons have —— many cases have reasons to be distrustful of medical groups. they made see being prioritised for a new vaccine is being part ofa guinea for a new vaccine is being part of a guinea pig. for a new vaccine is being part ofa guinea pig. in many ways the pressure is intense to make sure vaccines that we will market will be safe and effective, but it is a huge undertaking to make the case and an important one because it's and an important one because its public health is at stake as well as social justice. professor, thank you very much. thanks for having me. president trump has threatened to send federal law enforcement personnel to more american cities. federal officers have already been deployed in portland as anti—racism protests continue. there have been 52 nights of demonstrations there against police violence, in the wake of george floyd's killing. portland's mayor has accused federal forces of abusive tactics. this from our correspondent sophie long. another night of conflict on the streets of portland. tear gas is fired at

demonstrators to drive them away from the courthouse. there have been protests against police brutality and racism here every day for nearly two months. and they are becoming increasingly volatile. some say that is due to the presence and tactics of the federal officers. it's picking back up because you've got the feds out here. they're tear gassing people, they're snatching people up, they're beating people in the streets. local leaders say this is an abuse of federal power. but president trump says they are helping portland, not hurting it. portland was totally out of control. the democrats, the liberal democrats running the place, had no idea what they were doing. they were ripping down, for 51 days, ripping down that city, destroying the city, looting it. the level of... ..corruption and what was going on there is incredible.

and then the governor comes out, "oh, we don't need any help. " how about chicago? i read the numbers where...many people killed over the weekend. we're looking at chicago too. we're looking at new york. look at what's going on. all run by democrats, all run by very liberal democrats. all run really by radical left. oregon's attorney general has filed a lawsuit against the federal government, accusing it of illegally detaining protesters. every american needs to be concerned about what's happening here in portland. these federal agencies are operating with no transparency and against the will of just about every leader in our state and i assume it will be the same in other states where they show up. but portland is currently the poster child for this administration. they are using us, sort of throwing mud on the wall to see if this is an issue that might stick for the president. there is little indication the federal tactics are working. more people are now demonstrating — including a group of mothers who say they will come out until no

protesters needs protecting. and i thought they were just going to leave us alone because we weren't throwing anything at them. but that's not what happened. so, we were gassed. they shot... it's like a very loud sound, and they also shoot these things that burst on the ground. i'm not familiar with military garb or language but it was terrifying. we're not there to hurt them. we're there to protest human rights violations. as americans, aren't we allowed? isn't that a protected right? the acting secretary of homeland security says the crackdown will continue. and if they see the same threat in other cities, they will order the same response. sophie long, bbc news. donald trump has now declared

that "many people say" it is a patriotic duty to wear a mask if they can't socially distance. in recent months, the president has made wildly divergent statements on the importance of masks in containing covid—19. there's been much criticism from the democrats and some scientific advisors. he now says he "believes" in masks, but added that he thinks theyt they also caused problems. let's get some of the day's other news. the british foreign secretary, dominic raab, has suspended the uk's extradition treaty with its former colony, hong kong — immediately and indefinitely. his announcement which also include an arms embargo follow china's imposition of a new security law on hong kong which mr raab called a clear and serious violation of the uk—china joint declaration. syrian state media says the country's air defences have intercepted a number of israeli missiles over damascus. a syrian military spokesman said most of the missiles targeted southern damascus suburbs which israel had hit in the past. it said seven syrian soldiers had been wounded. there was no immediate israeli comment. a man found dead in a car in new york state is being

investigated as the possible suspect in the deadly attack on the family of a us federaljudge. esther salas was unharmed after sunday's shootings, but her 20—year—old son was killed and her husband was critically injured. budget negotiations between leaders of the 27 eu member states have gone into a fourth night in brussels. their summit was initially scheduled to last two days. they are attempting to settle a trillion euro budget covering the next seven years alongside a 750 billion euro covid recovery fund. still to come here on bbc news: polar bears under threat from climate change, why they could be extinct by the end of this century. nasa: see them coming down the ladder now. one small step for man... one giant leap for mankind.

a catastrophic engine fire is being blamed tonight for the first crash in the 30—year history of concorde, the world's only supersonic airliner. it was one of the most vivid symbols of the violence and hatred that tore apart the state of yugoslavia but now, a decade later, it's being painstakingly rebuilt and opens again today. there's been a 50% decrease in sperm quantity and an increase in malfunctioning sperm unable to swim properly. seven, six, five, four.... thousands of households across the country are suspiciously quiet this lunchtime as children bury their noses in the final instalment of harry potter. this is bbc news,

the latest headlines: scientists at oxford university say the coronavirus vaccine they‘ re developing appears to be safe and triggers an immune response. president trump says he might federal law enforcement officials to other us cities but local leaders criticise his crackdown on protests. the actress amber heard has told the high court in london her ex—husband johnny depp threatened to kill her many times. she's begun giving three days of evidence as part of the actor's libel action against the owners of the sun newspaper. mr depp is suing the publication for alleging he was a wife—beater, claims he strongly denies. david sillito reports. amber heard, here in the white blouse, arriving in court for the beginning of her account of her relationship with johnny depp, who was himself arriving in court through a different entrance. the case brought byjohnny depp is a libel action against the publishers of the sun newspaper over an article that described him as a wife—beater.

did he give it to you? the couple first met on the set of the film the rum diary. during their relationship, she says, he repeatedly assaulted her — punching, slapping, kicking, head—butting, choking. she says she feared for her life. but in court, she was also asked about a recording of an argument. was this evidence that she had hitjohnny depp? i did not punch you. i did not bleep deck you. i bleep was hitting you. i don't know what the full motion of my actual hand was but you're fine. i did not hurt you, i did not punch you, i was hitting you. how are your toes? what am i supposed to do, do this? how are your toes? i'm not sitting here bleep about it, am i? you are. that's the difference between me and you. you're a bleep baby. because you start physical fights? you are such a baby! grow the bleep up! because you start physical fights? i did start a physical fight. yeah, you did, so i had to get the bleep out of there. yes. she said she was being sarcastic. if she had hit him,

it was only to stop him choking after he had passed out. she was also questioned about this red mark. it was visible at a court appearance in 2016 but officers who saw her at the time of the alleged incident said they saw no mark. it was put to her in court. "i suggest you were not injured at all." "that's not true," she said. "johnny threw a phone right at my face. it was just one of many incidents." the questioning continued. "a number of officers saw you. a number of people saw you with no injury. are you saying they are all lying?" she answered, "i don't want to call anyone a liar." in court she was questioned about an arrest for alleged domestic violence in a previous relationship. she said there was no assault, no charges were brought. she was also questioned about a medical report that talked of substance abuse and mental health problems. all untrue, she said. johnny depp strenuously denies all the allegations but amber heard says she thinks he doesn't remember what he did and has been convinced by others that she is making things up, to which she says,

"i am not." david sillito, bbc news. the egyptian parliament has voted to authorise deployment of its military abroad to defend national security and — in the words of the official motion — to fight criminals and foreign terrorists "on a western fro nt". it's an apparent reference to neighbouring libya, where egypt has been supporting the militia leader khalifa haftar against the un—recognised libyan governement, which is backed by turkey. the former soviet republic of belarus is often called europe's last dictatorship. ruled for more than 25 years by one man, alexander lu kashenko. he faces an election in the next few weeks. but opposition to his rule is growing, fueled by his response to coronavirus. our europe correspondent jean mackenzie reports from belarus's capital, minsk. snatched while they protest, peacefully. it is indiscriminate. police take anyone they can get hold of.

dozens of police officers have just got out and started grabbing people off the streets, pulling them out of the protest and throwing them into the van there. "disgrace," they chant. after decades of living under this regime, people are weary. with elections approaching, hopes rest on this one woman's shoulders. svetla na ti kha novs kaya is reluctantly running for president after her husband and the other main candidates were jailed and disqualified. i had to sacrifice something for my husband and now, for my country as well. do you think you can win? we don't believe in honest elections. but i still believe that our president will understand that his time is over. people don't want him any more. not a single election since president lukashenko took power in 1994 has beenjudged free orfair but it is his response to coronavirus that has tipped

people over the edge. the president has dismissed the virus as a psychosis and refused to lock down. this year's victory day was celebrated as usual and people feel he has gambled with their lives. this doctor is risking his career to talk to us. reporting here is difficult. soon it becomes clear we are being tracked. what was that? that's plainclothes, the same guys who usually throw protesters into the vans. this visible defiance of the government has not been seen for more than a decade.

after an hour of arrests, police cover their faces. they are determined to clear the streets. if you see a military car, you need to run. nothing more, just run. this man willjoin hundreds already in jail. some have spent weeks now in punishment cells without trial. suddenly, our cameraman is taken. he is bundled into this van. he is one of the 15journalists to be detained tonight. last night we watched people who were protesting against your government be taken off the streets and detained. is that freedom of speech?

these young belarussians have been afraid their entire lives, but not any more. now they are ready to fight for change. theyjust don't know yet how ferociously the regime is prepared to fight back. gene mackenzie, bbc news, minsk. now, they are some of the most majestic creatures on the planet, but polar bears are also some of the most endangered. and a new report warns they could be almost extinct, by the end of the century, if we don't act fast. victoria gill has the story. they are the poster species for climate change. predators that depend on a fragile, transient hunting ground, the arctic sea ice. and this study has shown that polar bears' survival is tied to that ice. the scientists used models based on satellite data to forecast sea ice decline in the arctic over the coming decades.

that enabled them to predict a future tipping point, to create a timeline for when the frozen hunting season will be too short for the bears to fatten up before the summer. at the current rate of warming, the researchers say all but a few polar bear populations will collapse before 2100. with less fat, they're entering a fasting season that's longer than it used to be. so, is that now unavoidable? are we already on that trajectory, to just lose polar bears? the trajectory that we're on now is not a good one. but if society gets its act together, globally, we can halt global warming in time to save polar bears. and if we do, it will benefit the rest of life on earth, including ourselves. the consequences of climate change are already playing out in the arctic landscape. and this new timeline, the researchers say, is a stark reminder that the survival of an entire species is at stake.

victoria gill, bbc news. a mexico zoo has released footage of its newest and certainly cutest arrival, a baby hippo, now 8 days old. tamba, who's 22 years old, gave birth on july 13th and the pair have been inseparable since, enjoying long soaks in the water at zacango zoo. keepers are confident the calf is healthy but with the baby bonding so close to its mother, they have been unable to confirm its gender. a reminder of our top story. scientists at oxford university say more tests are needed for a covid—19 vaccine they're working on before they can be confident it will work. initial trials suggest it is safe and produces an immune response. and you can get in touch with me and most of the team

on twitter, i'm @bbcmikeembley. hello. this week started off on a fairly dry settled note for most places, but we will see weather fronts approaching from the atlantic, bringing some outbreaks of rain in through this week. now, tuesday will start on quite a chilly note. we will see the cloud building through the day and that will bring some rain later on to parts of northern ireland and scotland courtesy of this weather front approaching here. further south, high pressure holding onto things so it's a dry picture of it to sit across the book of england and wales. under clear skies, quite a chilly start. temperatures in the mid—single figures for many of us first thing tuesday morning, a few early mist patches. in fact temperatures could be as low as around 3—4 degrees in the coldest rural spots. after that fresh start,

there will be some long spells of sunshine through the morning. later in the afternoon, cloud will tend to build so that sunshine at times a bit hazy, cloudier skies later on in the afternoon. some rain breaking into the northern parts of northern ireland, the western isles as well. 1—2 showers around for the north—east of scotland too. now, temperatures across scotland and northern ireland between about 14—18 degrees. england and wales typically around 18—21 celsius, a little below par for the time of year. heading into tuesday evening and overnight into wednesday, we will continue to see this weather front in the north bringing rain, quite heavy at times, to northern ireland and parts of scotland as well. for england and wales, it's going to be dry, but with the cloudier skies, it won't be quite as chilly as it has been over the past couple nights. into wednesday, outbreaks of rain continue at times for northern ireland and for scotland. later in the day, a few of those showers could just push into parts of northern england and north wales as well, but further south across england and wales, we should have a dry day and with some sunshine, it will be a little bit warmer. so temperatures up to

about 23 degrees down towards the south—east. we're typically looking at the mid to high teens further north across the uk. looking towards the latter part of the week, and this waving weather front will push its way gradually southwards and eastwards, bumping into higher pressure across the near continent. it will be fizzling out, but we could still see some outbreaks of rain thursday particularly across western parts of england and wales too. they'll be followed by some fresher, brighter conditions of sunshine and scattered showers across parts of scotland, and temperatures will range between about 16—22 degrees on thursday. then things continue onafairly unsettled and a showery theme as we look through friday and into the weekend for many of us, as well. that's it for now. bye— bye.

this is bbc news. the headlines: early results from two more coronavirus vaccine trials have produced an immune response without any serious side effects. one trial was carried out at the university of oxford and the other at china's academy of military medical sciences. president trump has said he plans to send federal law enforcement personnel to more us cities to tackle anti—racism demonstrations, which he insists are the work of anarchists. some democrats have called their actions deeply disturbing and unacceptable. the actress amber heard says her ex—husband johnny depp threatened to kill her many times. she's giving evidence as part of the actor's libel action against a newspaper for calling him a wife—beater. he denies the allegations.