this is bbc news, i'm carrie gracie, the headlines at 9am. scientists warn that contact tracing in the uk isn't good enough to prevent a second — even bigger — wave of covid—19 once schools reopen for the new term. the government says it's improving. this is not something we've had to do before, and the lancet are absolutely right to say that this matters, but don't underestimate what we have achieved here. pupils in scotland find out what grades they've been awarded after coronavirus forced their exams to be cancelled for the first time ever. i got exactly what i was hoping for, so it means i'm going to university and, yeah, i'm just so happy, i can't believe it. the oil company bp announces record losses and cuts its dividend in half, after the pandemic sent demand and prices plunging. the australian state of victoria

imposes tougher punishments for people who breach coronavirus rules and deploys more military personnel to fight the spread of the virus. on at least three or four occasions in the past week we have had to smash the windows of people in cars and pull them out so they could provide their details, because they we re provide their details, because they were not telling us where we were going. —— where they were going. and a "rallying cry for the future" — england footballer marcus rashford and model adwoa aboah feature on the cover of british vogue's activist—themed issue as "the faces of hope". good morning and welcome to bbc news. the nhs trace and trace programme isn't good enough to stop a second

wave of coronavirus after september when children go back to school, scientists have warned. the study, published today in medical journal the lancet, says transmission would increase as parents go back to work, and aren't needed at home to look after their children. scientists said there could be a second wave of the virus, twice as big as the first peak, in december 2020. in scotland, schools are due to reopen on 11th august, and across other parts of the uk in early september. the study‘s mathematical model found a second wave could be prevented by scaling up the track and trace system so more people with symptoms, and their contacts, are found. in a moment we will speak to the author of the report, but first, our correspondent laura foster has this report. experts agree, it is crucial pupils return to school for both their well—being and the economy. by the start of next term, some will have been away from the classroom

for almost six months, but mathematical modelling by university college london and the london school of hygiene and tropical medicine suggests the uk's test, trace and isolate system is not working well enough for this to happen safely, as it is not finding and isolating enough contacts of people confirmed to have the virus. the researchers say, unless improvements are made, it could lead to a second wave this winter, more than twice the size of the first. this is because school reopening goes hand—in—hand with more parents going back to work and other lockdown measures being relaxed. the government says plans have been put in place to ensure schools can reopen safely according. laura foster, bbc news. speaking to the bbc a little earlier, the local government minister simon clarke defended england's track and trace system. it continues to improve, day by day, week by week. as i say, we've now made sure that 184,000 people who would otherwise have been out there in society, potentially posing a risk to others,

have been advised to self—isolate. that is massive progress. as i say, we reach 80% of people who test positive, over 80%, and over three quarters of their close contacts. so that is impressive, that's great work. we should reflect on that, that genuinely is a massive step forward compared to where we were a few weeks ago. we've continued to make sure that it's resourced, we've continued to learn the lessons as we go in terms of how you can most effectively reach those people who we currently struggle team. and there is always more to learn about the best time of day to try and call these people, the potential for physical follow—up if you can't reach them by phone, all of these things are options the government obviously continues to learn from. but this is not something we've ever had to do before, and the lancet are absolutely right to say this matters, but don't underestimate what we have achieved here. i'm joined now by dr

jasmina panovska—griffiths, senior research fellow and lecturer in mathematical modelling at university college london, and author of the study. frankie is so much forjoining us. you obviously had to make some critical assumptions both about children transmitting the infection and about their parents‘ behaviour when the children go back to school, can you run us when the children go back to school, can you run us through the assumptions on which the report is based? just before i answer, i think it is imperative and we find it incredibly important that schools need to go back as soon as possible. we studied reopening of schools in the concept of reopening the society by allowing parents to go back into work and allowing increased social mixing within the community, because we think this is important, these two aspects together. so you are

basically saying those two things will happen together, and as you say it is important for children to go back to school. so on that basis, what do you find about the risks of a second wave? our findings suggest we can avoid this second pandemic wave eight schools reopen alongside society reopening if we can test a sufficiently large number of people that have systems and go on to contact chase... to trace their contacts. we just heard from a mad minister setting out what they are giving and his defence of their effo rts giving and his defence of their efforts to ramp up the testing and tracing, are you basically saying what is being achieved right now is not good enough to avoid a second wave? it is important to notice the importantjob wave? it is important to notice the important job they are wave? it is important to notice the importantjob they are doing and the

importantjob they are doing and the importantjob they are doing and the important job of test importantjob they are doing and the importantjob of test and chase, and we have developed that at the onset of the pandemic. what's more acro —— what the studies are showing it we need to have a certain level of contact tracing of contacts in order to avoid a second pandemic wave, we are the first study that has quantified the number, so where we need to get with the testing and tracing level in order to avoid a second pandemic wave in the uk. so to declare, on current performance, you think there will be a second wait several months after schools reopen and you think it will be worse than the first? i think it is important to know it is difficult to make comparison to where we are and what we are suggesting we need to do to avoid a second way. in terms of contact tracing, we know there is definitely a large number of

contacts being traced of those being positive, and our estimation and using the test and trace and isolate data for the week ending the 22nd of july, we can look at the number of people being tested positive, how many of their contacts are being traced, and we come to a worse calculation of around 50% —— a rough calculation of around 50% —— a rough calculation of around 50% —— a rough calculation of around 50% of contact being traced. the testing figures, there is a large uncertainty around that. briefly, before i let you go, do you have policy recommendations other than this? as we have heard some scientists at the weekend, do you say if we are going to reopen schools, we might have to make trade—offs, closing some hospitality venues like pubs? i think it is

important to note there is still infection out there, there is symptomatic infection and there is infection that you cannot see, which is asymptomatic. we might need to do some trade—offs. our model did not look at that, we looked at the reopening of schools and how we can avoid a second wave, by reopening schools alongside society. dr jasmina panovska—griffiths, thank you so much forjoining us. thank you so much forjoining us. thank you for having me. joining me now is david nabarro, the world health organization special envoy on covid—i9. welcome to the programme. how do you do? well, thank you. i know you are well across these issues, what is your assessment of the risks of a second wave in the uk several months after schools reopening? as i look at what is happening around the world, time and time again i see that this virus is a constant

presence and is returning all the time. sometimes i actually avoid the ten second wave and instead refer to co nsta nt ten second wave and instead refer to constant spikes and occasional surges, because i think that is what we will all have to deal with. these spikes will be a few people, a cluster of people with disease, turning up suddenly, and ideally when we should be able, using the test, trace and isolate routine to minimise those as quickly as possible, which is why i think the work done by the group representative you just interviewed is really important and it reminds us is really important and it reminds us how is really important and it reminds us how necessary is really important and it reminds us how necessary it is to keep ahead of this virus by knowing where it is. but then i think there will be, from time to time, outbreak surges. it will be a new reality of life. it is slightly frustrating for everybody because i think most would

just like to get on with our lives as best they could, but we will have surges of disease and even when the numbers are very low we will have to be on the lookout for those searches, which is why i believe we have to also be ready for the possibility from time to time that things will be interrupted. businesses may have to be closed for a period, schools may have to be stopping for a period, which would be really awful for pupils and pa rents, be really awful for pupils and parents, because there is a spike bill up parents, because there is a spike billupa parents, because there is a spike bill up a search occurring in the local community. i think that will be the reality of living methods virus —— there is a spike building up virus —— there is a spike building up or virus —— there is a spike building upora virus —— there is a spike building up or a surge virus —— there is a spike building up or a surge occurring. preventing transmission to best behaviour, we should not cut any corners, and then dealing with the surges as they occui’. dealing with the surges as they occur. you have a view across the world, where is best practice in

terms of the defences and switch to action? we have seen countries in east asia do incredibly well. singapore, south korea, i would also like to take out china, i would like to focus on vietnam, these are all countries that gave dealing with the virus very high priority —— i would also like to highlight china. there was no ambiguity from the head of government, just we will deal with it. the people knew about it and thatis it. the people knew about it and that is all because in 2003, they had a really bad coronavirus outbreak all stars, and they went through some very tough times and they learnt the lesson —— coronavirus outbreak called sars. these countries in east asia are showing that you still get spikes and surges, that virus does not com pletely and surges, that virus does not completely go away but you said seriously. vietnam is a really good example, they recently got some

cases in da nang and they took them very seriously. they do not knock around, they deal with the problem fast, which means being robust, restricting movement if necessary, certainly making sure all the cases are identified and there is good isolation in place and then really ensuring people cooperate, and that his businesses, local organisations and the like. we are seeing the same in parts of europe, we're very pleased with germany, that does not mean they have no case is that when they get their cases they respond well. i think britain will do really well. i think britain will do really well. when we were dealing with a bowler in sierra leone, britain was incredibly helpful and showed how you isolate people with a disease and trace their contacts, if we can help other countries do it, i believe we can do it in our country as well. you said britain is going to do really well, when will that happen? it is nothing —— it is not

entirely clear to everybody that we had to well, considering our gestural and infection rates? all the postmortems will be done, i and saying britain will do really well because i'm seeing evidence that there is really good attention to where the virus is locally, secondly lots of public engagement and getting on top of it and thirdly, wherever i am looking now, i am seeing evidence that different parts of society are putting together and saying, we will get on top of this. that is because nobody wants to go through further lockdown. the economy has taken a big hit and we need to make certain that economic recovery ca n need to make certain that economic recovery can happen, meaning getting ahead of the virus. dr david nabarro, thank you. the first students in the uk to get their grades after exams were cancelled because of the coronavirus pandemic are getting their results today. around 138,000 school and college

leavers in scotland will hear this morning how they've done in their national 5s, highers and advanced highers. grades have been decided using estimates provided by teachers, drawing on a holistic review of pupil performance, submitted by teachers. this is likely to include classwork and homework, grades from assignments and prelim exams, and general progress during the course. due to the advice on social distancing, coursework for national 5s, highers and advanced highers have not been marked as it's not possible to do this safely — but any coursework already submitted may be used at a later stage, as part of an appeals service. the scottish qualifications authority has now checked, validated and moderated the information submitted by schools in order to ensure consistency. the exams body said it would look at each school's previous history of estimating results and attainment, plus students' performances in previous years, and could change the estimates if necessary. there is a free appeals process for students who are given a lower grade than was originally estimated

by their teacher or lecturer. with more, this report from alexandra mackenzie. for aiden, like many others, it is an uncertain and anxious time — it is results day but students receiving their grades did not actually sit the exams. last year, it was down to me and what i'd done in the exams ultimately. now, it's not down to me, i don't even have a rough, rough gauge of how i've done in each subject, and it is more worrying now. since march, most classrooms have been empty, playground fell silent. and this announcement was made in the scottish parliament... in the midst of two world wars, the exams went ahead. it is a measure of the gravity of the challenge we now face that i must today announce the exams will not go ahead this year. today's grades for national 5, higher and advanced higher qualifications are based on estimates by teachers, taking into account prelim

results and coursework. the estimated grades were then moderated by the scottish qualifications authority. the sqe had to ensure a fair process for candidates as well as maintain the credibility of the system, as young people look towards further study and an increasingly challenging job market. but it is feared some students could be at a disadvantage, especially those who rely on cramming at the 11th hour. the problem is, this year, is that the works that they would have done in the two or three months done before the exams is not available to the school to use in an appeal, because the schools were closed between march and may, when exams would take place so these students will not be able to use their last—minute work as the basis for an appeal against a low grade this year, unlike in previous years. for those unhappy with any grades, the appeals process is free this year and, whatever their results, the class of 2020 has certainly made history. alexandra mackenzie, bbc news.

our scotland correspondent lorna gordon is at a school in glasgow for us. how is it going? i am at holyrood secondary school on the south side of glasgow, scotland's largest school. a small group of students have joined us to discuss their results, we are all physically distant. let's come on to dionne and her dad, john. i got more than i expected, i wasn't sure what to expected, i wasn't sure what to expect but i got everything i wanted, meaning i will be going to university. first choice, yeah, i will be giving primary education at glasgow university. did that depend on particular results?|j glasgow university. did that depend on particular results? i needed to get b for maths, that is what i got.

you were quite emotional earlier a nswer you were quite emotional earlier answer with your dad, john. such a nerve—racking few months, such a ta ke nerve—racking few months, such a take today. it is an outstanding e ntryway take today. it is an outstanding entryway pick period of uncertainty, absolutely delighted for dionne and everyone else — — absolutely delighted for dionne and everyone else —— and outstanding end toa everyone else —— and outstanding end to a big period of uncertainty. sharon edged ahead teacher at holyrood, tough on the teachers, we heard how the results were which, not an easy process. it was more challenging this year than in the past, teachers had to spend a lot of time notjust looking at prelim performances but the overall performances but the overall performance of young people, alongside what they know about young people. what dionne's dad said it spot—on, and outstanding end to a very challenging year. what is the sense you are getting up to school about whether there will be more

appeals than usual? i would expect some young people to be disappointed, as is always the case. we are very happy with our performance as a school and has continued with the improvement journey we were on, so i would suggest most of our young people will be happy. you havejust done your nat 5s, so you will be going into the big year where you would do your highers without having set any exams, just prelims. i was not giving exams this year, i was relying on experience for my highers but i have no experience of going into highers next year. i did well in my prelims, i expected less and i got in spanish but i am quite happy. did 0k? yes. dora, many of you have not been back in school since march,

this is your first time back? it is really weird, it has been so long. how did you do with your exams and how are you feeling? well, i got as for everything, so i am really proud. where you know this because he had not the exams?” proud. where you know this because he had not the exams? i was a wee bit, between happy overall. straight as, nothing to complain about. we have peter, jennifer and james. peter, how are you feeling, you get a sense when you go into exams and how you have done, that you had only done the prelims, it was based on coursework. it was nerve-racking, you doubt yourself, you had done well in the prelims but you might not do the same in your wheel once, but i got five as. amazing. your pa rents,

but i got five as. amazing. your parents, jennifer and james, you are vetera ns parents, jennifer and james, you are veterans of exam results, you have other kids who have gone to the process , other kids who have gone to the process, but there were no exams? this was a big worry, when we heard the schools were closing and that the schools were closing and that the exams were cancelled was a big concern, safe yeah is so important for going beyond school. are you feeling relieved? highly, and delighted. last but not least, umar, you are new to the school?” delighted. last but not least, umar, you are new to the school? i came to scotland in january last year, you are new to the school? i came to scotland injanuary last year, it has been a while journey trying to adapt to a new education system. and then these really important results without giving the exams. that is even crazier, it is a once—in—a—lifetime experience. i am really proud of my results, i got five as, three for highers and two for nat 5s. my parents are very

proud as well. very understated but very proud of those amazing results, amazing results here amongst the peoples we have in the library at holyrood secondary school today. inevitably there are always some stu d e nts inevitably there are always some students who are disappointed, we will find that it be halogen days ahead about whether the number who are disappointed are greater than usual —— we will find out in the hours and days ahead. for those who appeal, there will be no charges attached this year. thank you, lorna. star students in holyrood. that s the situation in scotland, let's take a look at expected results for the rest of the uk. in england, wales and northern ireland, more than a million students take btec qualifications each year — and most of them will be getting their results on 12th august, although this date might vary slightly depending on the course. students in the same three nations are set to get their a—level results on 13th august —

and as with scotland today, their grades are also being predicted based on previous results. gcse results day in england, wales and northern ireland will come a week later, on 20th august. the energy giant bp says it will cut dividends for its shareholders in half after announcing a record loss as the pandemic sent demand and prices plunging. the group lost more than £5 billion pounds in the three months from april to june. dividends usually help to fund many of our pensions, of which bp is the single biggest contributor in the uk. let's get the latest from our business correspondent, ben thompson. it is fairly predictable that this was going to be tough, was eight has had unexpected ? was going to be tough, was eight has had unexpected? yes, and it is bad knees for pension funds that rely on that income paid through to the

density pay those pensions, they are very used to big oil and energy firms topping up income through investment, but this morning from bp we have heard the latest in a long line of energy firms finding it really tough right now, reporting a loss of 6.7 billion dollars, that is because demand for the suggested producers, oil and petrol, because demand for the suggested producers, oiland petrol, has plunged as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. it means factories were not using energy to produce things, it means we were not flying anywhere and we were not driving very far, so not using petrol. all other things it makes we re petrol. all other things it makes were not very much in demand. before the pandemic oil was trading at about $65 a barrel, during the pandemic the of which was about 20, 25 and 30, at one point prices turned negative, that is when oil firms essentially said we will pay

you to take this off our hands because we have nowhere to store it. the big energy firms are now trying to work out what happens next, when demand might pick up, oil prices have risen somewhat but in the case says it is not expect prices to get above above $55 a barrel, that might be average, until at least 2050, so that prompts questions about what the new oil firms will look like. maybe there is a focus away from traditional oil and gas to more renewable sources of energy, better news for the environment but not in use as far as financial results are concerned, so another big loss, a $6.7 billion loss at bp but it is worth comparing that to shell, they reported figures last week, a loss of $18 billion, it puts that into context, but bp is making pledge will have to cut 10,000 jobs around the world, to thousands of which in

the world, to thousands of which in the uk. that is a fascinating answer, i could talk about the appetite want to pick up on something we saw on the wires, pizza express , something we saw on the wires, pizza express, yet another high—street brand, hospitality struggling, they are talking about maybe having to close lots of restaurants and lose lots of staff? yes, this news coming in (inaudible) we know that the hospitality sector is really under pressure right now, even despite the efforts of the chancellor, the scheme lodging yesterday, each altitude help out, to encourage people back into bars and restaurants. pizza express said it will close 67 restaurants around the uk with a loss of about 1100 jobs. as you suggested, not totally unexpected given the state that many of these companies find themselves ' i of these companies find themselves in," so long and even now they are able to reopen they have to do so with social distancing in place,

meaning they can't get as many people in the restaurants, they can't make as much money to cover costs just to be open and consumers are feeling nervous about going alt—right now so even with incentives in place, people might choose not to eat out in the way they did before. pizza express dated has concluded what is known as a cva , has concluded what is known as a cva, an agreement with landlords who own those outlets to pay less rent, we have seen apple high—street retailers and also in the restaurant sector they are saying we are earning less, we need to pay you less inventive. as far as those negotiations are concerned, pizza express seine 67 restaurants will close, deals on rents have been agreed with the others but nonetheless, 1100 jobs could be affected by this, a further blow to an industry already struggling and having to lay off thousands and thousands of jobs. i having to lay off thousands and thousands ofjobs. i think it is fairto thousands ofjobs. i think it is fair to say this will not be the

last, we will see this more as more and more firms try to work out the new normal, and have to furlough scheme starts to be one time, they will be more responsible for more of the salary of their workers and some will say we cannot add up the numbers to make ends meet so more staff might have to leave. this is the latest for pizza express right now, but it is expected many more will follow. very worrying news, thank you. the australian state of victoria has announced harsh new penalties for residents who ignore orders to self—isolate because of the coronavirus. under the new rules, residents are only allowed to shop and exercise within three miles of their home. fines for repeated lockdown breaches have been increased to more than £2,500. meanwhile a night—time curfew has been imposed in the city of melbourne, and police in victoria say they will continue to take extreme measures to ensure the law is upheld. on at least three or four occasions in the past week, we had to smash the windows of people in cars and pull them out of there so they could provide their details,

because they weren't telling us where they were going, they weren't adhering to the chief health officer guidelines, they weren't providing their name and address. we don't want to be giving that, but people have to absolutely understand there are consequences for your actions, and if you are not doing the right thing, we will not hesitate to issue infringements, to arrest you, to detain you where it's appropriate. phil mercer is in sydney for us. it is quite striking, the language and the resistance he is talking about to these measures?” and the resistance he is talking about to these measures? i think senior police officers and senior members of the victorian state government have been infuriated by a minority of people determined to flout the regulations, whether it is people who refuse to cover their faces in melbourne, if you are outside it is mandatory that you do, we have also heard that police have

been taunted and assaulted by people floating the regulations. a woman allegedly seriously assaulted a police officer, a female police officer, in a shopping centre after being told to wear a mask. the authorities say these are so—called sovereign citizens who believe that the law doesn't apply to them. it does, and so will pretty hefty fines if they caught breaching those regulations. the military has been knocking on the door at about 3000 people who had tested positive for covid—19 all have been in close contact with somebody who has, and about 800 people were not at home when they should have been self isolating, so these breaches are causing great concern for a state like victoria which is battling a worrying spike in coronavirus infections. the vice iq, phil

mercer. now it's time for a look at the weather with matt taylor. east anglia and the channel islands with sunshine, different story for most of us. cloudier and windier than yesterday with, yes, some rain. rain relentless than yesterday with, yes, some rain. ra i n relentless across than yesterday with, yes, some rain. rain relentless across western scotla nd rain relentless across western scotland were some minor flooding. heavy bursts returning to northern ireland. easing off across north—west england and western wales, cloudy and damp, here. 15—18 and the cloudy sports, 22—20 three road you have the sunshine in the south—east. winds approaching air force in the west with further rainfall at times in northern england and north wales. and look at those temperatures into wednesday morning, in the mid teens for the vast majority. tomorrow, early rain across northern england pushing northwards, another batch of rain then working from west to east across northern ireland to southern scotland, north—west england and

wales, increasingly warm across the south—east, with more heat to come later this week, particularly in england and wales. hello this is bbc news with me, carrie gracie. the headlines: scientists are warning the test and trace programme in the uk isn't good enough to stop a second wave of coronavirus after september when children go back to school. pupils in scotland are finding out what grades they've been awarded — after coronavirus forced their exams to be cancelled for the first time. the oil company bp has announced record losses and cuts its dividend in half, after the pandemic sent demand and prices plunging. the australian state of victoria is introducing tougher punishments for people who breach coronavirus rules as well as deploying more military personnel to fight the spread of the virus. sport, and for a full round—up

from the bbc sport centre here'sjohn watson. fulham and brentford. a big game i had tonight. we can expect plenty of drama later in the championship play—off final not just drama later in the championship play—off final notjust because of huge sums on offer for the winner, £100 million and the promise of premier league football next season. and also, these two sites sitjust four miles apart in west london. use rivals. no fans there at wembley, so you can imagine there is a huge amount at stake tonight as patrick gea rey amount at stake tonight as patrick gearey reports. looking forward to what is billed as the richest game in football. of course at stake is a place in the premier league. beyond wembley, it is sunny. the golden light of the premier league is only a game away, a land of the rich and famous. playing for the star prize later, two neighbours who have been staring at each other over the thames for 130 years. in miles, and in standings, there is little between fulham and brentford.

it probably adds a little bit more to it, even. as big as this game is, it's a london derby now, as well. so, two teams that have done fantastically well this year, separated by goal difference in the league. the fact is now, that we are even and it will be two teams who come flying out, and try to take and try to take the advantage of each other. the winning club will make at least £135 million. fulham have seen such riches before. they were only relegated at the end of last season. early stumbles have finally given way to solid strides, and they arrive at wembley on form. oh, what a goal! as for brentford, they have never played in the premier league and, in the last few weeks, they have blown several great chances to take the golden elevator upwards, before finally coming good. that was their last game at griffin park, their home of more than 100 years. they are moving to a new—build. so, what a time to be promoted. so much, on one match. what's interesting is, we have all bought tickets in the new stadium, and the price

goes up if we get into the premier league, and they were clever enough to put a price, but we will happily pay the extra money. it will be massive for brentford. it is highly significant because it's brentford, and they are our local rivals. they have quite often been the little sibling to fulham, while we have been in the premier league, they were in the third or fourth tier, and, right now, they are our equals. of course, what might have been a cauldron at wembley will instead be an empty bowl. for fulham and brentford fans, this will be a night to scream, at a screen. patrick gearey, bbc news. that kicks off at 7:45pm tonight. another busy week for the england men's cricketers with test side beginning three match series against pakistan at old trafford. today the one—day team faces ireland at southampton. the bubbles that have had to be treated to get their matches on mean there can be no crossover of players between the squads. sam billings is one player

who has taken advantage of that to get into a world cup winning squad. it has been probably the hardest sporting team to get into, probably in world sport at this time, so look, i'vejust got to keep doing what i do, and keep enjoying my cricket and putting some scores on the board when i can, and thankfully i've done it, this series. there is one game to go, and hopefully i can do the same. some strange things in sport, but this tops it off this morning, this is the american five—time olympic swimming champion katie ledecky swimming champion katie ledecky swimming the length of a pool, with a glass of chocolate milk balanced on her head! and she does so without spilling a drop. i would like to say this was part of a clever training routine, getting her ready for next yea r‘s routine, getting her ready for next year's olympics, routine, getting her ready for next yea r‘s olympics, but routine, getting her ready for next year's olympics, but in fact it is all part of an advertising campaign in the us to get people to drink more milk. but that could in itself

become an olympic event, potentially. so many questions! what would they have to do to that swimming pool if she spilled it? wouldn't it make a mess?! they'd have to clear it all out immediately. she is onto something there, i think. immediately. she is onto something there, ithink. poise! scotland's first minister, nicola sturgeon has said she will not hesitate to reintroduce lockdown measures if coronavirus cases get "out of control" including closing bars and restaurants. although she added this was the "last thing" that she wanted. the warning comes as officials attempt to trace customers who visited the hawthorn bar in aberdeen — which was linked to an outbreak of 27 confirmed cases of covid—19. chris littlejohn is deputy director for public health and nhs grampian. he joins us from aberdeen. this is a challenge. are you getting on top of it? yes, we are. it is

quite heartening in terms of how quickly the contact tracing system, both nationally and locally, recognised that we potentially had a cluster. it is against the background of very low cases. you think about what was going on in scotla nd think about what was going on in scotland in july, think about what was going on in scotland injuly, when there were days when we had onlyjust might cases notified across the whole of the country, and indeed, for ourselves in the north—east of scotland, there were successive days when we had zero notified cases at all. so, last week, when we suddenly saw a spike in the numbers, the contact tracing system slipped into action, and started to make contact with all the cases. it quickly was identified. that one of the things they had in common was that they had visited the bar on a saturday. that allowed us to do further media

announcements and identify further potential contacts, which brought us to the point where we now have 27 cases at this point in time, and 123 close contacts, who have been asked to isolate for 1h days at home. close contacts, who have been asked to isolate for 14 days at home. so many questions. here is one. are you sure it was the bar, where the spread happened, of those cases? you said it was one of the things they had in common. did they have other things in common? one of the other things in common? one of the other things in common is that they live in scotland and in the middle of a covid pandemic. isay in scotland and in the middle of a covid pandemic. i say that light—heartedly, but although we have got low notified numbers, it is self—evident that somebody brought the infection into that bar environment. we don't know whether anybody lowered their god and

exactly how much transmission might have occurred within the bar. we don't know that. —— lowered their guard. could be more than one person who coincidentally visited the bar, whilst unknowingly carrying the infection. what we do know is, having identified this bar as a shared experience, we have expanded the number of people associated with it, who, like i say, against the background of very few cases recently, this significant cluster. let me quickly add, that nobody is pointing a finger at the bar in this case. environmental health collea g u es case. environmental health colleagues have been in and all of the appropriate measures were in place in this bar. fascinating, we don't have time to explore that further. i want to ask you about those who are isolating. we were

just hearing from melbourne in australia just how resistant some people have been to following the measures put in place by the authorities, and that the police are trying to enforce. you say that you are socially isolating 123 people. are they all behaving and following instructions? the vast majority. this has taken a toll on all of us, covid—19. it is perhaps distressing for some people to realise that it hasn't gone away, that this is continuing. this particular cluster in the north—east of scotland is a reminder to all of us that, even when it seems to have gone, it clearly hasn't, and it is still there. for the vast majority of people with contact tracing, the wearing a mask, physical distance and, that is what we want to encourage. we don't want people to get infected in the first place. the contact tracing is vital, when we have clusters, to nip it in the bud,

to stop further widespread transmission and in this case we know that people have gone on to pass it on to family members, for example. the contact tracing and cooperation with that is absolutely vital. the vast majority of people have cooperated and been entirely cooperative with contact tracers. we know that some people have reacted with alarm and anxiety. some have reacted with hostility. there is a co nsta nt reacted with hostility. there is a constant need for reassurance, but also an ask, of all of us, the public, to please cooperate with contact tracers, if you are linked toa contact tracers, if you are linked to a setting where there has been a cluster. chris littlejohn, thank you for joining cluster. chris littlejohn, thank you forjoining us, cluster. chris littlejohn, thank you for joining us, and cluster. chris littlejohn, thank you forjoining us, and good luck in getting that spike under control. let's get more on the news that scotland's school pupils are receiving their results after the covid—19 pandemic forced exams to be cancelled for the first time in history.

about 138,000 students are finding out their grades in nationals, highers and advanced higher courses. we can now speak to lindsay paterson, who's professor of education policy at the university of edinburgh. thank you forjoining us professor patterson. how do you think this is going so far? there have been so many questions about whether it was going to be fair, about worries for stu d e nts going to be fair, about worries for students and their parents. so far, so good? we don't really know. there was a lack of systematic information about any of this. they still have not told us how they have adjusted. the background here is that teachers had to submit estimates of what stu d e nts had to submit estimates of what students would achieve, they had to do that at the end of may, and then the sqa would take record of the previous estimate of the school and attainment but beyond that we know

nothing, the sqa has refused to publish his methods and has even refused to have a dialogue with teachers although it virtually promised to do so way back in april. they didn't do that. even now at 9:30am, one hour after individuals have received their results we still don't know the answers to these key questions. one of the subsidiary questions. one of the subsidiary questions that your answer raises is, it sounds as if pupils are being judged on the basis of their school, so the school is being marked rather than the people. it may well be, thatis than the people. it may well be, that is the fear. the sqa have indicated they will take account of the record of the school. they haven't said how, but because of the lack of detail in the statement, there is widespread concern that for example and outstanding student in an average school will have their marks are pulled down by the sqa to keep it in line with the school record. maybe that criticism is unfair but we don't know because the

sqa has declined to let us know. you have mentioned that a couple of times, why is that? i really don't know. normally what happens every august is that they published their annual statistics at 10am. i suspect they are waiting for another 15 minutes until ten o'clock to release all that information. i simply don't know. what is far more important is that the elected politicians in the scottish parliament education committee asked for these details, way back in april. members of that committee have repeatedly asked for these details through the previous five months and yet there is no accountability. if i was a politician i would be very concerned about the lack of transparency and accountability act of the soa. we will put those questions to them if they get them on. they might say in response, we are making appeals readily available to pupils and schools, and these are free, so that there will be adjustments at the back end. that means schools have a

strong incentive to put in an appeal. think of it this way. the deadline for appeals, if you are on route to university is the 14th of august, ten days from today. the schools are still shocked and will not open until next week and because of covid some don't open until the second half of next week. that leaves two or three days in which teachers can discuss with students the possibility of submitting an appeal. that will impose an enormous extra burden on schools at the same time as schools are reopening for the first time in five months with all of the covid related contingency measures that we are now familiar with. it is going to be, for teachers next week, absolutely horrendous. the england footballer, marcus rashford, is among those to feature on the cover of next month's british vogue. the issue, which is called "activism now", has been described by its editor, edward enninfu, as a "rallying

cry for the future". it features 40 activists who are portrayed as "faces of hope" and was created by a predominantly black team of photographers, makeup artists and models. it's also the first time in its 104—year history that its cover shot was taken by a black male photographer. joining us now to discuss the significance of this is one of those featured in the magazine, phyll opoku—gyimah. co—founder of uk black pride. thank you so much forjoining us. and many congratulations. thank you very much for having me. much does it mean to you to be a magazine which is, you know, features voices and faces of hope. you know, when i first heard about this, and then i saw the images, it is powerful. we talk about representation matters, we are talking about black activists in the uk and around the world, so

seeing it is so moving. it is motivating. it is inspiring. and it really shows testament to what edward ennifu set out to do in amplifying different voices. i am moved by this and i am honoured to be part of such an amazing array of talent and activism. it makes the point, just looking at some of the pictures, i want to see that one of you. i hope we have got it. have we got it? i am not sure that it is out yet. maybe that is why we struggle to get it. i was saying to the team it would be great to get the picture of you. we will have that up when we get it. back to the point you are making about edward ennifu as editor in chief of vogue. he himself has experienced racial profiling, even recently when he turned up at work,

and was treated not as the editor in chief but as someone much further down the pecking order. i suppose it is that sensitivity which is fairly new to the fashion and fashion publishing industry.” new to the fashion and fashion publishing industry. i wouldn't say it is new. itjust is more about the position is that people hold. what happened to edward was unacceptable on every level. this is something that we continue to go through, day to day in our busy black lives. what we are seeing in the world today is such a surge of voices being amplified, as i mentioned, it can't stop just amplified, as i mentioned, it can't stopjust bare, amplified, as i mentioned, it can't stop just bare, but to be amplified, as i mentioned, it can't stopjust bare, but to be part amplified, as i mentioned, it can't stop just bare, but to be part of vogue, and as you mentioned, 140 yea rs of its vogue, and as you mentioned, 140 years of its existence, is really, really powerful. and it says a lot. and it says a lot notjust to those

who are featured back to young people, because we know the impact of seeing people who look like you, and the fact of being able to have all colours, shapes and ages inside vogue makes a point about inclusivity, doesn't it, that echoes. absolutely. as i said at the beginning, representation matters. it has to be done in a way that is not tokenistic or performative. what edward has pulled together, with also the black photographer is not performative, it is real life stories and real people, who have been doing the groundwork for such a long time. the other point is, it celebrates activists, people who are just getting out there and doing something powerful on behalf of others. yes. when you look at the young activist, you've got patrick

vernon for example who has been campaigning around rennes trail and windrush for such a long time, then jess william the american activist, and angela davis, an all—time legend, a black woman who i have looked up to, been inspired by, to be amongst these amazing people, really just, you know, be amongst these amazing people, reallyjust, you know, i cannot stress how moving and honoured it is to be part of this. and let's not forget that you are part of this because of your work with uk black pride and other charitable works. yes, and uk black pride is celebrating its 15th year this year, so this feels even more exciting, to be part of the vogue activism now as well as amplifying the work of uk black pride. congratulations to you

and to them. take care. we havejust got some exam results coming through all the scottish day of results for highers and nationals, and the results are based, says the scottish qualifications authority on the basis of teacher judgment qualifications authority on the basis of teacherjudgment and national moderation and the national pass rate was 81.5%, the higher pass rate 78.9, and the advanced higher pass rate 84.9%. and in 2019 by comparison, the national hires pass rate was 78.2, the higher pass rate 74.8, and the advanced highers pass rate 79.4. so, they are all up a little. more on that later. a black woman from swanley has accused kent police of treating her like a criminal

because of her ethnicity. dr andrea charles—fidelis — who's a senior civil servant at the ministry ofjustice — was outjogging, when she said she was followed by a man in a van. she claims that when she went to the police for help, they accused her of being a car thief — leaving her feeling brutalised and dehumanised. kent police have insisted this wasn't a case of racial profiling — as simon jones reports. horrific, that is how dr andrea charles—fidelis described her experience with the police at swa nley experience with the police at swanley railway station. she had been outjogging when a man accused her of being too close to his car on his driveway, he then called —— for that are in a van, calling the police. she sought refuge at the police. she sought refuge at the police station but when the officer arrived it was not what she expected. the station guard says she is infearof expected. the station guard says she is in fear of her life, and expected. the station guard says she is infear of her life, and he expected. the station guard says she is in fear of her life, and he said, she's not in fear of her life, she tried to steal a car. initially i felt humiliated. but after the event

i feel felt humiliated. but after the event ifeel much like felt humiliated. but after the event i feel much like i was dehumanised asa i feel much like i was dehumanised as a person and it has left me questioning a very anxious about even going out now. dr andrea charles—fidelis works at the ministry ofjustice charles—fidelis works at the ministry of justice and charles—fidelis works at the ministry ofjustice and sits on the violent crime prevention bought at new scotland yard. she feels she has had no justice and she would not have been treated that way if she was a middle—aged professional white woman. i have been treated differently because of my race. in whole the —— how the situation played out i was presumed as being guilty. the investigation by kent police has concluded there was no breaches of legislation or kent police policy and... recent black lives matter protest like this one in brighton have shone a spotlight on the sometimes troubled relationship between the police and the black community. the chief co nsta ble of the black community. the chief constable of kent police took the knee at an event in his words to show humility and solidarity for all

communities. last month after this footage was widely shared, the met apologised to the sprinter bianca williams for the express —— the distress she experienced when she and her partner are pulled over in their car and her partner are pulled over in theircar ina and her partner are pulled over in their car in a stop and search. there is a need for more work between police services and the communities they serve to enhance that the police can serve all communities. kent police as it takes all allegations of racial discrimination seriously but having examined what happened here it concluded that the officer did not act ina concluded that the officer did not act in a discriminatory manner. it accepts that he did speak to dr andrea charles—fidelis in an unsympathetic manner, and the police have apologised for any upset caused, but she, now, is taking the case to the independent police sports talk. —— the independent police complaints watchdog.

recapping on the scottish exam results, they are all up a bit, the higher pass rate at 78.9% and the advanced higher pass rate 84.9%, all there is up a smidgen on 2019. we are talking about that in the light of the pandemic, the suspension of schooling and suspension of exams for the first time ever in scotland. more on that coming up in the next hour. i more on test and race. that isa hour. i more on test and race. that is a big focus for us today, the new research, with mathematical modelling suggesting that test and trace needs to be improved when schools reopen, if we are to avoid a second wave. we will be looking at germany. they are bringing in testing from high—risk countries at airports. that an interesting development. we will be seeing how they are getting on. let's catch up with matt, and get the weather.

the sunniest conditions across the south—east and east anglia. grey conditions with relentless rain through the west of scotland, with some minorflooding, heavy bursts through the west of scotland, with some minor flooding, heavy bursts of rain in northern ireland, the rain easing off in north—west england and wales, but remaining cloudy and damp. the best of the sunshine in the south and east. the highest temperatures around 22. some of the heaviest rain in northern england and north wales overnight with the worst of the wet weather clearing from scotland, but look at those temperatures into the start of tomorrow morning. incredibly mild, with lows of 15. rain to begin with, brightening up, then another batch of rain pushing from west to east across northern ireland into southern scotland, north—west england and wales. but the sunshine continues and the birds to the south and east with another surge of summer heat to take us to the end of the week, particularly across england and wales.

this is bbc news with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. scientists warn that contact tracing in the uk isn't good enough to prevent a second, even bigger, wave of covid—19 once schools re—open for the new term. the government says it's improving. this is not something we've had to do before, and the lancet are absolutely right to say that this matters, but don't underestimate what we have achieved here. tens of millions of people in the philippines have returned to a strict lockdown after new surge in the number of coronavirus cases. pupils in scotland find out what grades they've been awarded — an increase in pass rates in

scotla nd an increase in pass rates in scotland as students are aborted