this is bbc news — the headlines... the british prime minister, borisjohnson has used a national television address to call for a ‘spirit of togetherness‘, urging people to observe the new rules he's bringing in to combat the rapid rise in coronavirus infections. he said the country faced an unquestionably difficult winter ahead. president trump has said it's horrible that the number

of deaths from coronavirus in the united states has exceeded two—hundred—thousand. but mrtrump said his intervention had helped reduce the toll. democratic critics of the white house have highlighted what they say is mr trump's ineffectual response to the pandemic. china and the united states have crossed swords at the first ever virtual united nations general assembly with beijing condemning president trump's accusations about coronavirus as lies. in a pre—recorded address he said beijing had unleashed coronavirus on the world calling the disease the china virus. now on bbc news...hardtalk. welcome to hardtalk, i'm stephen sackur. as soon as he emerged from his coma, alexey navalny, the russian opposition leader apparently poisoned by novichok nerve agent, expressed his determination to return to

moscow. but what future is there for an anti—putin political movement in a country where dissent is all too often seriously bad for your health? well, my guest is leonid volkov, opposition politician and chief—of—staff to mr navalny. is there any weakening of the kremlin‘s grip on power? leonid volkov in berlin, welcome to hardtalk. hello. good afternoon. it's a pleasure to have you on the show.

you, of course, are in berlin because that is where mr navalny is still being treated in hospital. give us the very latest information on his condition. his condition is getting better. he's really understanding everything what's going around and he's able to, like, communicate with the outer world, as you can see on his instagram and twitter. and he's really doing remarkable progress. and we, his friends and the family and the staff, are very happy to observe his progress. and still, we have to realise it's a long way to go. it will take a lot of time to completely recuperate after a novichok poison attack. in his social media, and also from you and other colleagues, it's been said that he's absolutely determined to return to moscow as soon as he is able. do you think

that is really wise? for none of us, it was ever a question. of course, we never consider it... ..as an option that alexey would like to stay, like, in exile or, like, would like to stay... . . in another country. so, it was just never on the table. so, i'm... i don't think it's a good idea for someone to talk about the thoughts and feelings of another man. so, alexey is able to talk for himself, thank god. and i'm sure he'll tell a lot soon. but, of course, none of the team was ever surprised that he really was...made it very clear that he is going to get back. i mean, it'sjust his type of personality, and it's no surprise

at all. i know a little of his personality because i interviewed him on hardtalk in 2017, and i got a sense of his determination. but it comes back to wisdom. you talked in the past about how you've discussed with mr navalny security issues in his life in russia. and you said, "in the past, we discussed it. he thought that his best possible protection was maximum publicity." so, the greater our number of supporters, the greater his approval ratings, the larger that navalny thought the risk would be for the kremlin trying to kill him. surely what we now know is that that was a fundamental miscalculation. if we believe that novichok was used and if we believe, as you claim, that that must involve the russian state, then clearly russia doesn't

care about mr navalny‘s prominence, it doesn't care about the number of his supporters. he cannot go back and think that he's going to be safe. that's true. i mean, that's true that... ..we have to re—evaluate. so, what happened is something that no—one could predict and expect. and, indeed, we have to re—evaluate the threat model, the risks that now arise because, yes, many times before alexey was asked in many interviews, like, why are you not yet killed? and he always answer, as i did answer, like, we don't know. but we hope that his publicity and prominence give him some level of protection and kremlin will not risk this. so, now we see kremlin risked it. and we don't believe it was novichok. we know it was novichok, it's scientifically proven. and we believe that there is no other ways novichok could be used rather than by some form of approval coming from kremlin, from mr

putin. those are now the facts. and, yes, indeed, these facts lead us to the necessity to re—evaluate the situation. and, yes, when he go back to russia, we will have to reassess all security measures we take. but it's still not a matter for discussion if he will return or not. of course he will. he can't function, though. that's the problem. we know what happened to so many prominent dissenters and opposition figures, from the journalist anna politkovskaya to boris nemtsov in 2015. we know that the opponents of the dissenters, and i'm being careful because i don't want to tread in legal territory that is dangerous, but we know that those sorts of people can be murdered, brazenly murdered on the streets of moscow. so, how is navalny in the future going to be able to operate as

a public figure? well, i really believe he will be able to operate the same way he used to operate before, because otherwise it doesn't make any sense. so, he has 15 years of a brilliant political career, rising from, like, from nowhere to be the recognised opposition leader. this huge popular support. apparently, it's not possible. it's something you can't keep when you live abroad. so, once again, it's not the question. of course, he will be back and his operation will be as they used to be because it's something that he has to do and something he is determined to do. the risks were always on the table. it was not the first attack on mr navalny. he was attacked with the chemical acid before, and there was something that looked very much like a poisoning attempt when he was injail, actually, last year and he had

developed something like an allergy which...which in many opinions was very close to be also...some poison attempt. of course, it's dangerous to be a dissident in russia. it's dangerous to be putin's main rival in russia. but what is the other option? i mean, either that or nothing, or everything we believe in, everything we did isjust annihilated. well, that's definitely what the kremlin would very much like, so alexey will never do this. mr volkov, why do you think now, you know, august 20th, why do you think in summer, just before those municipal elections, the poisoning of alexey navalny took place? and why does he think so, too?

cos you must have discussed it with him. so, once again, many journalists asked question why you are not yet killed, like, in any interview alexey gives. and now in any interview alexey gave. and now is the same journalists asking questions why it happened now? if we actually think a little bit, we realise that these questions didn't have much sense because when it happened, it should have happened at some moment of time, and which makes the question "why now" not really very sensible. but... my thinking is this — does it, in your opinion, in your opinion, does it strike you that it's a sign of putin and the kremlin feeling very confident or actually feeling a great deal of pressure? how would you read it? no, no, no. yeah, yeah, i realise. no, of course not.

it's a sign of putin in the kremlin feeling very inconfident. so, one yearago, there was a direct order from kremlin to kill our political operations, to destroy our political organisation. so, several criminal allegations were... several criminal charges were pressed. 250 of our employees were searched, their apartments were searched, all their equipment, laptops, computers were seized, over 700 bank accounts were frozen, all assets of anyone belonging to our staff was frozen. so, it was a operation executed by kremlin to stop our political operations. it was launched in august 2019. now, in august 2020, all our operations are running. all our regional offices are running. 0ur candidates are running for election since their attempt to destroy our political organisation failed, so, very naturally, they try to do the next

steps, they try to do something new to prevent from... but mr... all right. ..to prevent our operate from... yeah, sorry. no, the basic question, mr volkov, is you're trying to control... ..that‘s the idea.. you're trying to convince me that mr navalny is the opposition leader in russia. he, you say, has just been poisoned. nearly died. and, yet, we haven't seen any popular street protest in moscow or any other city defending mr navalny and protesting about what has happened to him. why no protests on navalny‘s behalf? the protest happened on navalny‘s behalf on polling stations, because that's the type of protest we called for. we didn't call for street protest because of his poisoning, because i mean... what should have been the demand of this protest? like,

treat him? well, he's treated at the charite in berlin and he's...he‘s getting healthier. so, the people turned out to the protest on the day even they didn't want to release him to. . .to germany. there are street protests all over the country, then these protests were successful when navalny was released of his air ambulance to germany. and then we ask our supporters not to concentrate on street protest, but to concentrate on the upcoming elections, because that's what alexey wanted from them, to turn out to vote for our candidates and to defeat united russia, if it inspired it, and this happened in many regions. well, if i may say so, you have a slightly odd interpretation of great success, because if you look at the municipal election results, which you referred to several times, yes, your party candidates did quite well in some cities like tomsk and some other cities in the east. but generally speaking, putin's ruling party did extraordinarily well. they won all the governors‘

races, sometimes with majorities of 70, even 80%. the grip of putin on power is clearly as strong as ever, and if one looks at the latest levada relatively independent opinion polling evidence, putin‘s standing approval rating is at around 65%. so, all of your claims of a move towards you and the opposition are not borne out in either votes or opinion polls. so, if you consider russian elections, or russian "elections", using the terms you use to describe like british or german elections, then of course you would be right. 0nly that russian elections do not operate this way. so, first of all, yeah, putin‘s approval rating is declining. we don‘t rely on levada polls.

we have our own polling. it is still quite high. it‘s around a0%, but it‘s not any more the 70—75% he used to have. and the trend is, like, very good for us. now, there were no governor race at all. in no governor election, or so—called "election", anyone was admitted to participate who would be in opposition, so there was just no opposition. those governors were just reappointed. but on the municipal level, indeed, in that case, in that rare cases, when our candidates were allowed in. by the way, we don‘t have a party. 0ur party is officially not... ..is denied registration since 2012. so, we don‘t have a registered party, and still, when our candidates made it to the ballot, managed to squeeze, they won in many cases, and this is especially important because our candidates are labelled like we

are navalny candidates. navalny is putin‘s main rival, a man whom putin ordered to be poisoned, and now our local candidates, they were not talking about local issues, local policy issues, something like this. they were talking, we are the main anti—putinists here, so we hate putin, we hate united russia, so support us. and with this message, they were able to win their districts, and this is a new landmark in russian politics. you want to persuade me that mr navalny is the dominant figure in the opposition to whom the russian people look. but again, i‘m struggling to see the evidence. you say levada polling isn‘t necessarily reliable, but, frankly, a lot of people take it seriously. and in october 2019, they did a survey of navalny‘s perception amongst the russian people. 9% said that they regarded navalny‘s activities

as positive, 25% said negative, and 31% said that they knew virtually nothing of his activities. and tatya na stanovaya of the moscow times says the truth is navalny is very far from a people‘s hero, at least not yet. the kremlin‘s been remarkably successful in creating a negative image of him as a pro—western agent, a rogue and an adventurer. do you accept that navalny still has a big problem with the vast majority of the russian people? ah, this is true that kremlin propaganda did a huge job to worsen the image of mr navalny, and, yes, indeed, he is the favourite target for this propaganda, and they spent hours and days and months to describe him as a western agent, as a foreign agent, as a state department

puppet and so on and so on, and they use all kinds of defamation and propaganda and so on. but the fact is that we know that, for instance, the number of subscribers to his youtube channel and the number of people who weekly watch his youtube show and follow him on social media, like, doubled during the last year, doubled since his presidential... ..his attempt to register for a presidential campaign. so, he... well, we always have the same answer to questions like this. if he‘s so not dangerous and so not popular, why you are not letting him participate in any election? why you are not letting him to be on the ballot? to have a registered party? because the only time he was allowed

to participate in an election, it was mayor of moscow 2013, he finished second with almost 30% of the vote, clearly representing a huge number of supporters in moscow. now they pretend, 0k, it‘s only urban hipsters in moscow, but what about the other country? now, when sergei boyko, our regional head of our regional office in novosibirsk, ran for mayor of novosibirsk last year, he also finished second, clearly ahead of all other so—called opposition figures. and now sergei boyko got elected in city council in novosibirsk. itjust strikes me you have to tread a very delicate... hang on. i want to talk to you about a different aspect of this, cos you‘re in berlin, and you and mr navalny, i imagine, are hoping that the european union will make good on some of the things it said in recent days since the navalny poisoning. they‘ve talked about imposing new levels of sanctions, of a magnitsky act for the eu,

imposing the us—style magnitsky sanctions on the putin government. germany has even hinted that it might reconsider the nord stream 2 gas pipeline that would connect russia to energy markets in germany and the eu. but again, many russians, if you support greater punitive sanctions on russia from the eu and america, many russians will see you as being advocates of the western anti—russian forces. that, again, putin‘s narrative will play well with the russian public. yeah, that‘s true. that‘s absolutely true. that‘s why we don‘t support punitive sanctions and have never supported them. that‘s why. .. no, we don‘t. we... so, i told it many times

in many international audiences that every time the west imposes a new round of sanctions on russia, it leads to the fact that they open a box of champagne in kremlin because they‘re very happy. they can explain to their television audience that, you know, all the evil comes from the west, and we have to unite around mr putin to strengthen him, because he is the only one who is able to protect us from the west, who is threatening us with sanctions. that‘s true. every time there is a round of sanctions, the kremlin propaganda is very happy. what we always called for is to get away from the double standards, to go to personal sanctions against putin‘s ministers, parliament members, party leaders and oligarchs and so on, because the problem is where, like the west, the europe, the uk, the us always closes its eyes, is that, well, russia,

russian oligarchs and putin‘s friends launder billions of dollars, euros and pounds from russia and invest them in the west, and the western banks are ok with it and the politicians are ok with it. and this money really is stolen from russian taxpayers and corrupts western economy and politics. and pretty much nothing was done against this during the last several years. so, of course, we call for personal targeted sanctions against putin and his cronies and allies, but not against the russian economy. mr volkov, how are you going to change the dynamic in russia? we now know, thanks to constitutional change, that putin has a pathway to holding onto power all the way through to 2036. you‘ve told me that elections are controlled by the kremlin and it‘s very difficult for you to make headway. we also see that the media and even the internet is very

carefully controlled by the kremlin. how are you going to achieve what they have achieved in belarus next door, which is getting hundreds of thousands of peaceful protesters on the street day after day demanding change? how are you going to achieve something similar in russia? we have to be patient and we have to pursue the same ways, the same strategy. so, we have been used at every election since 2011 as a point of stress, as a tool to create problems, to putin, to kremlin to get people out of the streets, to show and to prove that this is actually not elections, but some very unfair thing. and we managed it on several occasions. so, now we are entering the most important part of the political cycle, the ongoing federal parliament elections and the presidential re—election. and, of course, we know that putin will run again

and will try to be re—elected flawlessly. but it‘s our goal to make this not flawless, but something... but to make something to happen similar to what happened in belarus. to do this, there is only one thing we can do, just to invest in the growth of our support bases, to reach out to people beyond the propaganda, beyond the abilities of propaganda. and that‘s, of course, first of all, online, because i mean, once again, getting back to what you said, it‘s true that propaganda is still very strong and still many people even don‘t know who is alexey navalny, and those who know, many of them don‘t really like him because of what television has told them. but it is a dynamic thing, it changes over time. we manage to grow our support bases, so now we have, like, 10—15 million people that really listen to what

alexey is saying and to what our team is saying. in a couple of years, we hope it will be 30 million or a0 million, which will be already enough for a change. but we have to be very patient and hard—working here. and in a word, you and he are determined to continue this campaign, even at the risk of your lives. we are determined to continue this campaign where we have invested years of our life and many risks and many efforts already. being aware of the risks that are, of course, connected with political activity and such a toxic environment like russia 2020. but this is something where you either take the risks or you don‘t. leonid volkov, we have to end there, but i thank you very much forjoining me from berlin.

tuesday marked the autumn equinox and also the last of these very warm and sunny days. we saw 26 degrees in suffolk on tuesday afternoon. by friday looks like temperatures in suffolk will only manage to make around 12 or 13 degrees. noticeably colder as we end the week. and the change comes behind this cold front which is slowly spreading its way southwards in eastwards early on wednesday. ahead of it there will be a lot of cloud around. some showers spells of rain some of which could be on the thundery

side. but for scotland and northern ireland skies will be clearing and behind the weather front. it starts wednesday off on a chilly note here. but again, for england and wales where we have the weather front the cloud and rain, 12 to 15 degrees. but a lot more cloud on wednesday for england and wales. outbreaks of rain tending to become more persistent as it pushes eastwards. heavier bursts again across the southeast the wins will pick up as well. probably the best of the sunshine through the day will be scotland and northern ireland for them it will be chilly low teens celsius 1a to may beat 19 across the southeast celsius 1a to may beat 19 across the southeast it looks like it could be quite went across the eastern side of england into the evening. persistent rain here wins also picking up across the north sea coast across the southeast and across the south coast as well. that area of low pressure will eventually push off to scandinavia and a new area of pressure will arrive just in time for thursday. this one‘s going to bring windy weather. showers or longer spells which can be quite heavy. sunshine around some sunshine around probablyjust a bit across the northern part

of scotland but the winds will become a feature across south wales and southwestern a0 and 50 miles an hour. cool 11 to 1a celsius across the country. as we move out of thursday into friday that area of low pressure continues to push over towards the northeastern continent. then we are in a run of pretty cool, brisk northerly winds. looks like most showers will be back into northern and eastern areas closer the area of low pressure. further south or west you are the better chance of seeing some sunshine. not too bad in the sunshine but in the shade that northerly wind will feel cool. things look like they will settle down a bit perhaps a ridge of high pressure into the weekend but it‘s still going to remain on the cool side both by day and by night.

this is bbc news. my name‘s mike embley, with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. new covid restrictions in the uk.

more masks, less socialising and bigger fines for those who don‘t adhere to the rules. never in our history has our collective destiny and our collective destiny and our collective health depended so com pletely collective health depended so completely on our individual behaviour. another momentous number as the death toll in america rises — 200,000 have now lost their lives. digital diplomacy. the first ever virtual united nations general assembly is under way. president trump used the opportunity to criticize china. and — one giant step for a woman? nasa says it‘s heading back to the moon and this time the crew will be male and female. the united states has recorded 200,000 coronavirus deaths.