this is bbc world news. the headlines... president trump will formally name his choice to fill the vacant seat on the us supreme court today. reports say he will nominate amy coney barrett, who's known for her conservative religious views. a quarter of the uk population is under extra lockdown rules — with new measures coming into force in parts of northern england and wales from today. there have been more protests from french hospitality workers as new covid restrictions kick in. new infections continue to top 10,000 a day. the people of switzerland are to vote in a referendum, which will decide whether the country keeps its treaty with the european union that guarantees free movement and the right to work across the trade bloc. now on bbc news, it's click.

welcome to click.

we have always said this is the danger, right? every other create a convincing version of us, we are out ofa convincing version of us, we are out of a job. convincing version of us, we are out ofajob. hi, convincing version of us, we are out of ajob. hi, spencer. convincing version of us, we are out ofajob. hi, spencer. i am convincing version of us, we are out of ajob. hi, spencer. i am virtual la rva . of ajob. hi, spencer. i am virtual larva. you may not be fooled but you think anyone will notice i was created by ai video programme synaesthesia. it seems that anyone can have a virtual ram. the only thing that didn't fool me was the lipsync. can we bring up the real lara? was the lipsync. can we bring up the real lara 7 what was the lipsync. can we bring up the real lara? what have they done? have they basically animated your mouth? yes, it was quite frightening to see how wonky my mouth is. i'd never noticed that before. it could be

used for things like corporate training videos, a familiarface, or using people's names could be helpful. how did you make it? i had to make a video of me present in the same thing five times. to do that, i needed to follow their guidelines, including setting rather still, not moving my arms and not getting too animated. which, for me, didn't feel natural. i was expecting the end result to be a bit strange. 0nce natural. i was expecting the end result to be a bit strange. once you have made that video, they are able to use it with all of your different mouth movements, to add whatever sound you have given them, making it look like actually saying it. they can do that using one of their voices or your own. it also means there is the opportunity to give you different accents. hi, spencer. i am the new virtual lara. excellent

spanish! someone who can tell is more is the ceo of the company that made it. there is an optional voices 0!’ made it. there is an optional voices or you made it. there is an optional voices 0!’ you can made it. there is an optional voices or you can prerecord your own. but how about creating an artificial version of our voices? absolutely. that is the natural progression of these types of technologies. we can now replicate your image, and soon it will be your voice as well. the voice technology is kind of there today, but it requires a lot of audio to really work. usually, the kind of rule is something like 15 or 20 hours in a professional recording studio of you reading aloud text. why is it so much harder to do voice and video? there are several reasons, but one of the reasons is if you think about what a computer sees, if you are replicating a video

of you, in the kind of style that you have seen with lara, there is the kind of space of possibilities thatis the kind of space of possibilities that is quite constrained. you're replicating a video of someone sitting here and they are speaking and you sync their lips and head movements and things like that. if you try to do something like this with a voice, then the training data will be a lot more limited, so let's say even if you have two hours of you talking, that is still a very, very little part of all the things you could possibly say. so could i use your platform to upload a video of anyone, not me, and create a virtual version of them? no. why not? we need written consent from whoever is being uploaded. so everything goes through manual review and we only do custom avatars for corporate clients. so clearly you have protocols in place, but is the very existence of this technology, the fact that all of this is possible, not a pretty big risk in itself, that the wrong people will use it? we have seen these kind of things happen before. definitely, synthetic media

as a whole definitely comes with potential for misuse, that is something that is really important that we address. both from a technical perspective but also from an educational perspective. i think any technology can be used for good and bad, i am not i think that deepfakes or video is uniquely different from being able to forge text or images, or tweets, which has been possible for the last 20 years, but it is certainly something we need to be really aware of. thanks victor. so the reality is that making fake videos has become a lot more sophisticated. and we are already all—too—familiar with how false information can cause real harm, and has damaged people's trust in news. and even though most of the conversations have been centred around facebook, youtube has also been a big contributor to the spread of misinformation. now the upcoming us election is going to place even more emphasis on this issue.

and so the bbc‘s specialist disinformation reporter marianna spring has been finding out more. youtube has an incredibly smart algorithm. at least smart enough to make the company a lot of money. more eyeballs on a video and more engagement equals more cash. it's simple. but what is not simple is how potent this combination has become. videos from fringe groups with extreme ideas surfacing to the top and influencing users' views. the pandemic has pushed the issue to new levels, with false information about the coronavirus often finding a much larger audience than trusted sources. as the months have gone on, youtube has become inundated with documentary—style films from pseudoscientists promoting conspiracy theories. this plandemic documentary received millions of views. despite efforts to remove it from youtube, facebook and twitter, users were constantly re—uploading the clip.

and recently demonstraters have taken to the streets in london to promote some of the most popular coronavirus conspiracy theories mainly seen online. a man who would like to remain anonymous got in touch with us after his mum decided to go along. mum had two posters, one read "arrest bill gates for crimes against humanity", the other had a qanon hashtag, "save the children". she was first taken in by coronavirus conspiracy theories on youtube and now she has been radicalised by qanon on there too. it is so hard to have a normal conversation. qanon is a conspiracy theory that suggests president trump is waging a secret war against satanic paedophiles in government, media and business. since the last us election, the social media giants have had a bit of a reckoning. they are all trying to clean up their act to stave off heavy—handed regulation. facebook with its oversight board, twitter with more robust warning labels, and now youtube says it has added a new tool to its arsenal to combat misinformation. it has partnered up with fact checking sites to warn users

if the phrase they are searching has been refuted, and pointing them to information by a trusted source. put simply, it is a tool where when users go to search for a particular topic on youtube, if there happens to be a fact check, these fact checks are generated by third—party publishers, that will trigger in the results of that particular query, right at the top of the query, and it will link out to that fact check, saying whether that particular claim is false, oftentimes fact checking publishers have a rating of that type of claim, that will be displayed as well. this is one of the many tools youtube says it uses to reduce misinformation on the site. but none of these measures seem to be proactive and doing enough to reduce exposure to misleading information. the challenge about misinformation, as you know, on a platform like ours, which is an open platform, we really do value the fact that it's an open platform where there is a diversity of voices, is that with the changing nature of information around this pandemic, what is the new type of misinformation that might pop up?

before there was the conspiracy around 56 and covid, who would have guessed that those two kind of randomly, separate pieces of technology and science would be linked together? well that happened in the course of the pandemic. so we had to adjust very quickly to change our enforcement guidelines. you say that these conspiracy theories are new and evolving, but a number of the ones that are still being promoted on your platform have been around for months. especially in foreign languages, including in russian and hindi, of false conspiracy theories about the origin of the coronavirus or even doubting its existence. for content that might not clearly cross the lines of our policies, we reduce that content in our recommendations. so if it is borderline content in nature, because as i said misinformation can be murky but we still want to reduce the exposure to it. youtube says it has removed millions of videos containing misinformation from the platform, in many instances

before anyone has viewed them at all. but there have been numerous examples of videos promoting false claims and conspiracy theories about coronavirus, especially in foreign languages. and those have stayed online for months, accumulating hundreds of thousands of views. the mozilla foundation behind the firefox browser has decided to act, this week releasing a new extension for both chrome and firefox called regretsreporter. the idea is a user can report any recommended content they find unsavoury. mozilla says this helps crowdsource research into youtube's recommendation problem, and it hopes it can force youtube to become more transparent about how its algorithm works. i think that youtube's algorithm is really one of the most opaque ones out of all the platforms out there, which is why they have a lot more work to do. so youtube has come out with a lot of statistics like saying they have increased, introduced policy changes that work to decrease recommendations of borderline content by upwards of 70%.

but the problem is that there is really no way to verify whether or not this is the case without involving the public, without involving researchers, sociologists, people who have knowledge that goes beyond just the boardrooms of silicon valley, that together we are better able to solve this problem of misinformation surfacing in recommendations. hello, and welcome to the week in tech. this week: us company walmart planned to take a 20% stake in tiktok. donald trump cast doubt on the deal unless they could have total control. microsoft announced the $7.5 billion acquisition of zenimax, behind fallout and the elder scrolls. an elon musk reviewed

a new battery designed for tesla, which has claimed it will give the compa ny‘s vehicles a 16% greater range. police and the us and europe joined forces in a series of co—ordinated raids against illegal dark web marketplaces. the operation known as ‘disruptor‘ saw 179 people arrested and the seizure of over 500 kilograms of drugs, as well as 64 guns. could this be the future of flying? aerospace giant airbus has unveiled plans for it hailed as the first commercial zero—emission aircraft. the company said its hydrogen—fueled passenger planes could be in service by 2035. and finally, in ‘if movies have taught me anything, this will end terribly‘ news... a 18—metre tall 25—tonne robot has shown that it can move. the gundam robot based in yokohama,japan, was initially due to be the

centrepiece of a new factory. but the coronavirus outbreak has delayed the opening. around the world, each country has their own social distancing rules. here in the uk, they're constantly updated. but there are a couple which seem set in stone. and that is: to maintain a two—metre distance from others where possible, and to wear a face mask in most indoor spaces. but, let's be honest, not everyone sticks to the rules. so, a number of tech solutions have been brought to market to try and help people stick to the guidelines. let's take a look at a few. 0cucon have come up with an artificial intelligence solution that identifies when someone is walking towards the store and counts the number of people entering and exiting. once the maximum occupancy limit is reached, the doors lock and only open up again

once there is more room inside. though it is probably one for the bigger chains, as this solution will cost around £6,000. so, in a bid to make people feel safe enough to go back into stores, even smaller businesses are adopting high—tech solutions. videcon have created a system that can detect whether someone is wearing a mask or not when entering a premise. if they are, great! you can walk on through. and, if not, a screen displays a warning to remind them to put one on before coming in. the a! has trained using thousands of images of people wearing masks, but is still fairly new. so, just how accurate is this? so, as long as that stays green, it's working. and this works again. what if i cover my eyes? hold on. right. let's give it a go. green? green. oh, it didn't do it that time. i am gonna see if i can trick

the ai wearing this. man! i thought i was being smart. i thought by printing this out i could trick it into thinking i was going in without a mask. nah... that's...quite annoying. laughter. nose, mouth, nose, mouth. like that. my days, my days! so, i was able to fool that a couple of times, but the company does admit it has some work to do. we've found the system to be incredibly accurate using a whole host of masks. the mask you're showing me there has a picture of a nose and face on it. if we find there's problem masks, we can very quickly teach the system what that mask is and it will therefore be able to identify it. but this system is still quite expensive, costing about £3,000 to install. but with both solutions we've looked at so far, they can be valuable

in another way, too. when members of the public are approached and requested or asked politely to put a mask on, i think that can be quite a personal thing. they can start acting a little bit hostile in the worst—case scenario. since we've had the system installed, it's taken the confrontation out. so i definitely would say mental health both with the team and with the customers has been improved. now, what about the outdoors? this temperature—sensing helmet is something we featured briefly on the show a few months ago. and we've finally been able to get our hands on it. just behind the visor is an augmented reality eyepiece that displays an overlay on what is in front of you, telling you the temperature of a person. and if they're over a certain limit, it could be an indicator that they may have a symptom of covid—i9. developed by kc wearable, this helment is primarily used by police forces in china, but now also being used internationally to survey areas with a large volume of people. now, there's something

in common with all of these products. maybe you've noticed it. all of them were designed before the pandemic, with other users in mind, and are now trying to quickly adjust their devices to market them as something to help to fight against the spread of covid—i9. so, there needs to be a way to test these products, to see if they've been repurposed effectively. and that's why we're here today, at a research event where they be looking at these distance—sensing devices, to see how well they alert you when you're within someone's two—metre proximity. and they're doing that by running through three different scenarios. the first is ‘the chat in the kitchen‘, where two people will move in closer to someone standing by the sink, to see how quickly the devices go off, once they move within two metres of each them. beeping. second is ‘the walk down the corridor‘, where two people will walk past each other. this is done at different speeds, to see if the devices can pick up such a quick passing by. and the third is ‘the close but not close enough‘, to see if the devices can tell that a wall separates the two

people in close range and instead won‘t go off. now, these accessories use one of three different kinds of radio waves to detect another. the well—known bluetooth, the lesser—known ultrawide band, which is used by many tracking devices and now also appearing in smartphones, or a combination of both to maximise range. bluetooth devices didn‘t fare well and failed all the tests. it isn‘t very accurate if the devices are obscured. ultrawide band ones performed very well, as its accuracy is roughly 5—10 centimetres, and the combo products did well, too, but all of them failed the wall scenario. and that‘s not good enough. there is a lot of hype around iot, and the fear barrier is really low. so you are going to find a lot of devices pretending to do some things, that actually, they don‘t deliver. proper evaluation of devices and solutions is important. many companies are bringing

in their solutions to the market, and as keen as they are, whether their main intent is to sell or to help, the most important thing is that it works. that was 0mar. how interesting was that? and now to something else that i‘ve really been looking forward to. it‘s only nick kwek‘s continuing journey across the australian outback in search of tech. yes, he‘s back in a field. this time in queensland‘s central highlands, with some robots for company. plus, a spot of cutting—edge al to look at. we're a start—up technology company building autonomous robots. and we're also a fully—fledged farming operation here as well. so we grow wheat, barely, chickpeas, mung beans, sorghum, and we run cattle as well. we're farmers and we actually wanted to change the way we farm. we got bigger, we got heavier, and i think we were compromising the way we were doing things. so, yeah, we started swarmfarm to make things —

or make our machines a lot lighter. 0ur spray rigs — they started off being about seven tonne, i think we were up to 27 tonne, the erosion that those wheel tracks were making was huge. jochie and andrew bate realised their traditional tractors were compacting their soil too much, and in the face of increasing herbicide resistance, decided to make their own. and they really went for it. weighing in at a slender 2,000kgs with a 75—horsepower diesel engine, fifth—generation bot november autonomously prowls paddocks on the hunt for invasive weeds. so, november‘s got 13 different infra—red cameras dotted along its back boom. and when it drives over weeds, it sees them and sprays some herbicide out one of its individual 65 nozzles. with such precision it can target those ha rd—to—kill weeds and i‘m told it can cut harmful

herbicide usage by up to 98%, drastically reducing run—off. it can work day and night, it doesn‘t need a lunch break, and unlike me, it‘s not heading to the pub at the end of its shift. and what are these here? so, at the front of the machine we‘ve got these cameras, so we‘ve got three different lots of cameras, and they‘re actually our obstacle detection. so, what they do is build a ground plane out in front of the machine, and then any obstacles are built off that ground plane. so, if there‘s something that comes up that‘s unexpected, it will see it and stop. we try and feed the robot as much information as we can before it gets out there, but this is just one of those safety measures we‘ve got in place. so i don‘t get run over? yeah, so you don‘t get run over. developing the software on the farm is — puts us leagues ahead, i suppose, in terms of the practical applications of the technology. if we were in inner—city or somewhere where we could only go testing every three orfour weeks, there‘s already a delay in that feedback of that software. with the training ground on their doorstep, it means developers in there can rapidly

prototype and see their code in a real—life scenario right out here in the field. for us, we can write something up and have it out on the robot within an hour. out in the real world, within a couple of work hours after that. working here at gindie, it makes the process a lot faster. we actually want to get them out of air—conditioned comfort and into the paddock. they can see how it's actually gonna respond to the environment or whatever is in front of it. you know, wash—outs or — i think every paddock and every industry and every situation is so different. and the bots are customised for different industries. they‘ve got them on macadamia nut farms, planting cotton, mowing grass on turf farms, and they‘re now turning there laser focus to orchards — literally. the technology we‘re working on using uses computer vision and looks at each tree and says this tree needs thinning today and this tree doesn‘t need thinning. the end result of that will be better—quality fruit, better yields and potentially less chemicals used in the system. and eventually, we want to get

rid of using chemicals altogether. if we‘re able to go through it and you just pluck a weed out or chip a weed out, or microwave it, for example. there‘s, yeah, there‘s lots of opportunities in that area. sarah wants us to lock in a time... a husband and wife team? that's really normal in agriculture. a lot of people say, "0h, goodness, how is it to work together?" it's what we do. agriculture, you see it all the time. so, it's no — nothing different for us, yeah. i was going to say, is it a pain? laughter. 0h, sometimes. that was nick, loving life on the farm. and that is it from us for this week. as ever, you can keep up with the team throughout

the week on social media, find us on: youtube, instagram, facebook and twitter at bbc click. seriously, she‘s already gone and left her virtual self to do the work? honestly. well, from the real me and the not—so—real her, thanks for watching, and we‘ll see you soon. bye— bye. theme music. hello, we‘ve got a fairly fresh, autumnal feeling weekend ahead. and something of mixed fortunes in terms of the weather, too. it‘s still quite windy, with some showers across some eastern parts of the uk, particularly eastern england. and for all of us, it‘s staying fairly chilly. but there will be some blue sky and there will be some sunshine on offer for many places. we‘ve got an area of low pressure, which is slow—moving, out towards the east. it‘s been with us a couple of days and are still driving some showers into parts of eastern england as well. quite a brisk, northerly breeze. any showers for scotland and northern ireland will fade away

into the afternoon hours. so, some sunshine for many northern and western parts of the uk, but cloudier through the midlands and eastern england, with showers affecting lincolnshire, into east anglia and down towards kent and sussex as well, later on this afternoon. temperatures for most of us, about 13 to 16 degrees, but feeling cooler where you‘re exposed to that wind around the east coast, and average wind speeds here will be about 10—20 mph, but if we focus in on the gusts of wind we are likely to see in the east, they will be quite significant. these numbers in the black circles, 40—50 mph gusts of wind coming in from the north, driving some big waves into parts of east yorkshire, down towards norfolk for instance as well. now, through the course of this evening and overnight, most places become dry. any last showers fading away from the south—east through the evening. still quite cloudy across the eastern half of england in particular. clearer skies for scotland, northern ireland and western parts of england and wales. it‘s here that temperatures will fall though. could be a touch of frost to start your sunday morning, especially for rural scotland. after that fairly cold start the day, it is looking, again,like an east—west split. through the midlands and eastern england, you‘re keeping the cloud

through the day. perhaps the odd light shower coming out of that. still breezy, but not as windy as recent days, but for the rest of the uk, we‘ve got lighter winds here and more in the way of sunshine. so another dry day to come for the bulk of scotland, northern ireland, wales, the south west of england, too. temperatures in the warmer spots in fact a little bit warmer than recent days, 18 degrees or so, but still feeling cool for the likes of eastern scotland and eastern england, too. and then looking ahead into the new working week, we‘ve got an area of high pressure trying to build in, but then this weak weather front just starts to push across the uk. it will fizzle as it does so. so mostly dry through the course of monday and tuesday, and then things turn to more unsettled and autumnal conditions from midweek onwards. bye for now.

good afternoon. tributes are being paid to the police officer shot dead at a south london custody centre yesterday morning. a friend of matt ratana, who was 5a and approaching retirement, said he moved into working as a custody sergeant because he thought it safer. an investigation is under way into how the handcuffed suspect — who is in hospital with a bullet wound — was able to take the weapon into the centre. andy moore reports. a steady stream of people coming to lay flowers at the police station

where matt