same have all been up against the same enemy, the same opponent, threatening everyone in much the same way but members of the un have still waged 193 separate campaigns as if every country somehow contains as if every country somehow contains a different species of human being. across the world there has been an infinite variety of curfews and restrictions and closures and we thought in a spirit of, the pace has been so intense that each national government, democracy 01’ been so intense that each national government, democracy or otherwise, has decided entirely understandably to put the interests of its domestic population first. we have seen borders spring up between friends and allies, sometimes without consultation. we have seen the destruction of global supply chains with cheque—book was on airport tarmac as nations by with nations

for the supply of ppe and after nine months of fighting covid come at the very notion of the international community looks frankly pretty tattered. and we know that we simply can't continue this way. unless we get our act together, unless we unite and turn ourfire get our act together, unless we unite and turn our fire against get our act together, unless we unite and turn ourfire against our common foe, we know that everyone will lose. the inevitable outcome will lose. the inevitable outcome will be to prolong this calamity and increase the risk of another. now is the time therefore here and what i devoutly hope will be the first and last ever zoom hunger, for humanity to reach across borders and repair these ugly riffs. let's heal the world literally and metaphorically and let's begin with the truth because as someone once and let's begin with the truth because as someone once said, the truths are set you free. and with nearly a million people dead with

colossal economic suffering already inflicted, more to come, there is a moral imperative for humanity to be honest and reach a joint understanding of how the pandemic began, how it was able to spread. not because i want to blame any country or government or to score points. i simply believe is a former covid patient that we all have a right to know so that we can collectively do our best to prevent a recurrence, and so the uk supports the efforts of the world health organization, my friend ted ross, to explore the aetiology of the disease because however great the need for reform, the who, the world health organization is still the one body that marshall's humanity against the legions of disease and that is why we in the uk, global britain, are one of the biggest global funders of

that organisation, contributing £3110 million over the next four years, that an increase of 30%. and as we now send our detectives, our medical detectives to interview the witnesses and the suspects, the bats, deep anger thens, witnesses and the suspects, the bats, deep angerthens, however, we should have enough humility to acknowledge that alarm bells were ringing along before this calamity struck. in the last 20 years there have been eight outbreaks of a lethal virus, any one of which could have escalated into a pandemic. bill gates sounded the alert in 2015, five years ago, he gave that amazing prediction bill, almost every word of which has come true. how do we respond as if to a persistent microsoft error message by clicking 0k microsoft error message by clicking ok and carrying on. humanity was

caught napping and we have been scrabbling to catch up and with agonising slowness we are making progress. epidemiologists at oxford university identified the first treatment for covid—19, they did trials with our national health services and found a cheap medicine called dexamethasone juices the risk of death by over a third for patients on a ventilator, the uk immediately shared this discovery with the world. so that as many as 1.4 million lives could be saved in the next six months by this one single advance and as i speak, there are 100 potential vaccines that are trying to clear the hurdles of safety a nd trying to clear the hurdles of safety and efficacy as if in a giant global steeplechase. we don't know which may be successful, we don't know if any of them are going to be successful. the oxford vaccine is

now in stage three of clinical trials and in case of success, astrazeneca has already begun to manufacture millions of doses in readiness for rapid distribution and they have reached agreement with the serum institute of india to supply1 billion doses to low and middle income countries. but it would be futile to treat the quest for a vaccine as a contest for narrow national advantage and immoral to seek a head start through obtaining research by underhand means. the health of every country depends on the whole world having access to a safe and effective vaccine wherever a breakthrough might occur, and the uk, we will do everything in our power to bring this about. we are already the biggest single donor to the efforts of the coalition for academic preparedness to find a vaccine and it is precisely because we know that no one is safe until

eve ryo ne we know that no one is safe until everyone is safe that i can announce that the uk will contribute up to £571 million to kovacs, a new initiative designed to distribute a covid vaccine across the world. of this sum, £500 million will be for developing countries to protect themselves in the uk is already the biggest donor to the global vaccine alliance. in june we biggest donor to the global vaccine alliance. injune we helped to raise almost $9 billion to immunise another 300 million children against killer diseases, we also stand ready to help distribute a covid vaccine but even as we strive for a vaccine we must never cut corners, slimmed down trials, sacrifice safety to speed because it would be an absolute tragedy if in our eagerness we we re absolute tragedy if in our eagerness

we were to boost the nutjobs, the anti—faxes, dangerous obsessives who campaign against the whole concept of vaccination and would risk further millions of lives. and now is the time above all to look ahead. and think now about how to stop a pandemic happening again. how can we stop another virus from coming along and again smashing that precious ming vase of international cooperation. how can we avoid the mutual quarantines, the cooperation. how can we avoid the mutual quara ntines, the brutal balkanisation of the world economy. i don't think there is any reason for fatalism. of course the dangers can never be wholly eliminated but human ingenuity and expertise can massively reduce the risk. imagine how much suffering might have been

avoided if we already identified the pathogen that became covid—19 what it was still confined to animals. suppose we had been able to reach immediately into a global medicine chest and take out a treatment. what if countries had been ready tojoint together from the outset to develop and trial a vaccine. think how much strife would have been prevented if the necessary protocols covering quarantine and data sharing, ep and so much else had been so far as possible ready on the shelf for humanity to use. we in the uk will work with our friends, use our g—7 presidency next year to create a new global approach to health security based on a five—point plan to protect humanity against another pandemic. ourfirst protect humanity against another pandemic. our first aim protect humanity against another pandemic. ourfirst aim should be to stop a new disease before it starts.

about 60% of pathogen circulating in the human population originated in animals and leapt from one species to another. the world can seek to minimise the danger by forging a global network of zoonotic research hubs, charged with spotting dangerous animal pathogens that may cross the species barrier and infect human beings. the uk is ready to harness its scientific expertise and cooperate to the fullest extent with our global partners to this end. of the billions of pathogens, the great mass are thankfully incapable of vaulting the species barrier. once we discovered the dangerous ones, our scientists can get to work on identifying their weaknesses, refining antiviral treatments before they strike. we could open the research to every country and as we

learn more, our scientists might begin to assemble an armoury of therapies, a global pharmacopoeia ready to make the treatment for the next covid. our second step should be to develop the manufacturing capacity for treatments or vaccines. so that the whole of humanity can hold them like missiles in silos ready to zap the alien organisms before they can attack. but if that fails and a new disease jumps from animals to human beings, overcomes our armoury of therapies and begins to spread, then we need to know what is going on as fast as possible. so the third objective should be to design a global pandemic early warning system based on a vast expansion of our ability to collect and analyse samples and distribute the findings using health data—sharing agreements covering

every country. and as far as possible we should aim to predict a pandemic almost as we forecast the weather, to see the storm in the cloud no bigger than a man's hand. if all our defences are breached and we face another crisis, we should at least be able to rely on our fourth step and have all the protocols ready for an emergency response, covering every relevant issue along with the ability to devise new one swiftly. never again must be waged 193 different campaigns against the same enemy. as with all crises it is crucial not to learn the wrong lessons. after the struggle to equip ourselves with enough ventilators, with country scrabbling to improvise like the ruined astronauts of apollo 13, there is a global movement now

to onshore manufacturing, that's understandable. here in the uk, we found ourselves unable to make logs, aprons, enzymes which was an extraordinary position for a country once the workshop of the world. we need to rediscover that latent gifts and instinct, but it will be insane to ignore the insights of adam smith and david ricardo. we need to secure supply chains but we should still rely on the laws of comparative advantage of the invisible hand of the market. many countries impose export controls at the outset of the pandemic, about two thirds of which remain in force. governments still target their trade barriers on exactly what we most need to combat the virus with tariffs, get this, or disinfectant, often exceeding 10%,

four soap, tariffs of 30%, so i would urge every country to take a fifth step and lift the export controls wherever possible and agree not to revive them and cancel any ta riffs not to revive them and cancel any tariffs on the vital tools of our struggle, gloves, protective equipment, thermometers, either covid critical products. the uk will do this as soon as our new tariff regime comes into effect on the 1st of january and our regime comes into effect on the 1st ofjanuary and our hope our new independent tariff regime, and i hope others will do the same. though the world is still in the throes of this pandemic, all these steps are possible if we have the well. they are the right way forward for the world and written is the right country to give that lead and we will do so in 2021, as we celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding

of this great united nations in london in january and of this great united nations in london injanuary and through our g-7 london injanuary and through our g—7 presidency, and as we host the world's climate change summit in glasgow next november. boom that covid pandemic has been an immense psychic shock to the human race. global fears have been psychic shock to the human race. globalfears have been intensified by the immediacy of round—the—clock news and social media but we sometimes forget we face a virus, a small package of nucleic acid that simply replicates. it's not even technically alive. tragic as its consequences have been, it has been nothing like as destructive as other plagues let alone the influence of a century ago. it is absurd in many ways, outrageous that this microscopic enemy should have routed

the unity of the human race. covid has caused us to cease other vital work and it made individual nations seem selfish and divided from each other. every day, literally people we re other. every day, literally people were openly encouraged to study a grisly reverse olympic league table and somehow to take morbid and totally mistaken comfort in what seemed to be the greatest sufferings of others. we can't go on like that, we can't make these mistakes again. and here in the united kingdom, the birthplace of edward jenner, who pioneered the world's first vaccine, we are determined to do everything in our power to work with our friends across the un, to heal those divisions and to heal the world.

on the behalf of the... divisions and to heal the world. on the behalf of the. .. that was borisjohnson their on the behalf of the. .. that was boris johnson their speaking, addressing the united nations general assembly. the leaders have sentin general assembly. the leaders have sent in pre—recorded addresses because this year it is a virtual assembly but essentially the prime minister was highlighting a long—term plan and associated funding for fighting future pandemics and some of that work is donein pandemics and some of that work is done in conjunction with the bill and melinda gates foundation and the wellcome trust. some of the figures involved to create hubs and early warning systems and also to help distribute vaccines to poorer nations because as he said, we have to protect everybody in order to protect ourselves at home

essentially. 71 million, one of the figures to secure purchase rights forup to 27 figures to secure purchase rights for up to 27 million of vaccine doses for the uk population and the uk he said will commit a further £500 million in funding the vaccine advance market equipment that will help create a facility that will help create a facility that will help 92 of the world's poorest countries. a five—point plan which will be in conjunction with the uk's g-7 will be in conjunction with the uk's g—7 presidency, setting up this hub of research hubs, developing capacity, manufacturing capacity for treatments and a vaccine. also designing a global pandemic early warning system, green global protocols ready for a future health emergency and also interestingly saying reducing or scrapping trade

barriers and tariffs which have, in his opinion, impeded the coronavirus response. the theme really for the prime minister speaking is that the notion of the international community looks tattered because of the covid crisis. we will get more reaction to what is taking place in the united states as and when it comes to us here at bbc news. and you're watching bbc news. more than a quarter of the uk population are living under stricter coronavirus lockdown rules, as new measures come into force this weekend. the rate at which the virus is spreading in britain has been speeding up. households in leeds, wigan, stockport and blackpool are now banned from mixing in each other‘s homes or gardens. in manchester, 1,700 students have been told to self—isolate for a fortnight, after a spate of positive tests.

households will also be banned from mixing in the welsh town of llanelli from 6pm, with cardiff and swansea following suit tomorrow. and scotland has recorded it's highest daily rise in cases, with 714 positive tests. our education correspondent dan johnson reports. the new term's only just started, and, here, they face two weeks of isolation — allowed out of their flats only for medical reasons. yeah, i've just gone for a test, because i've got symptoms, so i've worn my mask and walked the whole way and stuff. i think it's just kind of inevitable when you've had people come from all over the country to, you know, one place, and we all share a laundry room. people have tried, but i do think this is inevitably going to happen. this morning, worried parents were running resupply missions. she hates it.

i mean, she loves the uni, but the isolation is really upsetting her. especially when it's your youngest daughter, and just moved away from home, yeah. it's worrying, ain't it? john's daughter chloe started criminology here last week. she was supposed to be coming home for the weekend, and we travelled up last night, and we got here and she says, we've been put in isolation for two weeks. so she can't come home, and we've just brought her a few essentials from the asda, and we've got to go back now without her. the council says more than 100 confirmed cases prompted it to put the two blocks into lockdown to stop the virus spreading more widely. we have taken quick and swift action. this was a decision that was made yesterday afternoon, so it's very much a live and moving situation. what we are trying to do, this is just two blocks of accommodation, what we're trying to do is contain. but there are concerns now for student welfare and the impact on their learning. this really has put students in an impossible situation.

many of them are living independently for the first time, amongst nobody that they know, miles from home, isolated, and now i'm hearing from students who are struggling to access basic necessities. more of this disruption looks inevitable — students live and study on top of each other, and the virus was already circulating more amongst this age group. no surprise some on the move this weekend wonder what they're heading into. danjohnson dan johnson reporting there. the chair of the education select committee robert halfon says clearer guidance needs to be given to students and their families. it is very worrying. there are reports suggesting that up to 3000 students are in lockdown, in universities as far as dundee to exeter. i think the time has come for the department for education, the chief medical, the chief science

officer to give a statement setting out the policy for university, to reassure university staff, to reassure students and their families because we don't want to have a situation where students are in a lock—down in the halls of residence at christmas time. this would cause enormous anguish to both the students and families across the uk. joining us now from her accomodation at manchester metropolitan university is megan tingy. spini spin i don't know if you had the comment there from robert halfon saying there needs to be clearer guidance. do you know what is going on at university? i haven't heard much from my university. we went into lockdown yesterday in the evening. me and my flatmates looked out the window and saw security out there and they are telling us we can't leave the building at all. if we do leave, we won't be allowed

backin we do leave, we won't be allowed back in the so it was quite stressful. they sent e—mails explaining the situation had been delayed so it took a few hours for most to get an e—mail explaining what was going on. it's a difficult situation. just explain it, physically are you able to leave the holes to go outside for anything at all? i don't think so. again, i haven't had a lot of information about what is going on but from what i know, i don't think we are allowed, no. you know anyone who has allowed, no. you know anyone who has a positive test? yes. a lot of the buildingi a positive test? yes. a lot of the building i am in, a lot of them were positive around two or three weeks ago now but everyone mainly that was positive has stuck by the guidelines, dump their isolation and are now out of a solution only to now be put in isolation again. how are your parents feeling about all this? it is really difficult. i am

from near london so my family is really far away, so it's not like they can come and see me through the gate or anything. i have faced timed them but it's not the same. megan, a lot of people will be saying, ok, it's fine, you are safe, you have a roof over your head. what is upsetting you the most about all this? just the lack of planning really. i feel like we this? just the lack of planning really. ifeel like we haven't this? just the lack of planning really. i feel like we haven't had any time to get in food orders as well. we were looking online and a lot of delivery slots are being taken up and we didn't have time to get to the food shops before security came in. it has put us in a difficult situation and the lack of knowing what is going on is difficult. have you had any guidance in terms of getting food? it is welfare, that is what your parents will be worried about. have they

told you how to get food or what happens when you are ill? they have said we can order food at the gate and we can go and get it but again with the delivery slots, it's hard to get a slot when you need it. do stay safe. thank you for your time. keep us updated. thank you. people who test negative for covid—19 have been are unable to share the result with the new nhs app for england and wales, if they did not book the test through the app itself. it's led to confusion among some users who have been unable to switch off the apps self—isolation alerts, because they were unable to enter their negative result. the department of health said it is working urgently to fix the issue. here's our technology correspondent zoe klienma with more detail. as with all of the stories about this app, it's more complicated than it sounds.

so, basically, when you go to register symptoms in the outcome it then says to you you need to go and get tested. and when you get your test results, it asks you to alert the app, whether you get a positive or negative test, and it says you need to input a code. however, the app only launched on thursday and what people are finding is that when they get a negative test results are sent to them via text or e—mail, it doesn't have a code, so they can't input anything, and, yet, from the moment they've started reporting symptoms, they are getting a self isolation countdown that starts going, advising them to stay indoors for the next two weeks. so, they are feeling very frustrated they can't switch this alert off because they can't share the test results they have that's negative. tributes are being paid to the police officer shot dead at a south london custody centre yesterday morning. a friend of matt ratana, who was 54, said he moved into working as a custody sergeant because he thought it would be safer.

an investigation is under way into how the handcuffed suspect — who is in hospital with a bullet wound — was able to take the weapon into the centre. andy moore reports. a steady stream of people coming to lay flowers at the police station where matt ratana worked and died. among the hundreds of bouquets, a rugby ball and a police helmet, marking his twin passions in life. we wanted to do something, even just to lay flowers, do a little prayer and reallyjust hope that he rests in peace and his family cope as best as they can at this particular time. it's a very, very difficult time, we've all got to come together in these sorts of times and support as much as we can. he had a very lived, professional experience of dealing with communities and that was evident in the way that he policed and the way that he spoke and the way that he engaged. and, as a friend, when my own mother died in 2018, he spent the day with us as a family. welcome to east grinstead rugby football club. i'm matt ratana, head coach.

described as a proud moari, matt ratana came to the uk to play rugby for london irish. he was a coach at his local club. he was a great guy, at the club every day of the week, preparing everything. the club was his life, really, he put so much into everyone else, didn't expect anything else in return apart from your best. he just embodied what the club meant and it was an honour to know a class guy and he's really, really missed by everyone in the community. friends said the police officer, with 28 years' service, had moved into custody work because he was tired of policing on the streets and thought he'd be safer. two investigations by the metropolitan police and the independent office for police conduct are under way. there was a large police presence at this location near croydon. it is understood the suspect was arrested here. investigators will want to find out how a revolver was apparently brought into the custody suite,

despite an initial police search. sgt ratana was shot as he prepared to make a more thorough check with a metal detector. and andy is in croydon for us now. andy, tell us what's been happening there. it looks like there are some people behind you. that's right. it has been very busy here all day with members of the public coming along to bring flowers which are being laid in the railingsjust behind me. and just out of shot, there are hundreds of bouquets, one more being brought in right now. alongside those there is a rugby ball and a police helmet, signs of the passions in sergeant ratana's life and the people here, some of them serving police officers in uniforms, former

police officers in uniforms, former police officers, members of the community, members of his rugby club and they all paint a picture of a man who was part of the community, much loved, much respected, a man with a sense of humour, who engage with a sense of humour, who engage with the community. we had from cressida dick, the head of the metropolitan police, that he was even respected by some of the suspects he checked into the custody suite here. there are a number of investigations under way now. what do we know? the circumstances are that this all happened in the early hours of friday morning. a suspect was arrested on the street on suspicion of carrying class b drugs and ammunition. he would have been given an initial pat—down search at that stage and then was brought here to the custody suite about 215 in the morning and it was as he was undergoing or starting a more thorough search, sergeant