too, whereas scotland and northern ireland with afternoon sunny spells. and northern ireland rain gradually clearing south—east england as we go through the night. behind that still blustery, plenty of showers coming into the west, some clearer spells to the east, a few spots in north—east scotland into low single figures as we start the day tomorrow, and with low pressure close by to the north—west of the uk tomorrow it is the west that will see most of the showers, but southern england will see some too. some heavy, possibly thundery, a chance of hail as well. a few showers will trickle further east during the day but fewer showers and more in the way of sunshine for the east midlands, yorkshire, north—east england and eastern scotland. it's blustery wherever you are — these are average speeds, some gusts widely of 30 to a0 mph, maybe 50 in the western isles of scotland, and temperatures for some a notch down on today. bye— bye.

hello, this is bbc news. the headlines: residents of south yorkshire face tighter restrictions as the region enters tier 3 rules — more than seven million people are now living under england's strictest covid alert level. president trump casts his vote for the us election in the key state of florida, where early voting is underway. police in gloucestershire begin border patrols to stop non—essential travel as wales begins its first full day of a ‘firebreak‘ lockdown. i voted for a guy named trump. marcus rashford says he is proud of the community response to his campaign to feed disadvantaged children in england during the school holidays. headteachers in england say they're "bitterly disappointed" that the number of laptops they're given for deprived children has been cut by 80%.

it destroyed me, it flattened me when i have seen that it is actually being cut to 13. 13 laptops! in a worst—case scenario, to share amongst 380 children. i thought it was absolutely scandalous. more headlines at 5pm. now on bbc news, global questions. join zeinab badawi, her panel of experts and audience questioners from around the world to discuss covid—19 — should we learn to live with it? hello, and welcome to global questions with me, zeinab badawi. relations between the united states and china are at rock bottom and central to the tensions is their rivalry on technology. washington, for instance, has tightened restrictions on huawei sg technology, whilst china denies access to the likes of google and facebook. the battle ground for global power is being fought in artificial intelligence, the

telecoms and internet industries. we ask, who is winning the us—china tech war? well, to bring you this edition of global questions, is of global questions, as always our two panellists and audience members join us via video link, so let me tell you who is in the hot seat this week giving the a nswe i’s. anja manuel was a diplomat in the us state department and is co—founder of a strategic consultancy, alongside the former us secretary of state, condoleezza rice. she has spoken about how america needs to win the technology race with china by

adopting a more offensive strategy. and shirley yu is a political economist and was a news anchor on china's national television. she is also a fellow at harvard university and the london school of economics. she is the founder of china big idea. that is a daily strategic briefing service. and she is one of the authors of a new book, called huawei goes global: made in china for the world. welcome to you both and to my audience members and a solitary round of applause from me. and remember, you canjoin the conversation as well, it is #bbcglobalquestions. let's go to our first question. it is from an engineering student from zambia, who is currently studying in china. your question, please. my question is, is the quality of technology in america faster than a match made in china? which technology superpowers produce

better quality that is more effective? right, shirley yu, who has got the better quality? thank you for the question, thank you, zeinab badawi, for having me. in technology, i think speed and scale matters, but more importantly competition matters. china has become better in quality, primarily because of competition. two of the leading sectors that are characterised china so made in china 2025 currently are ev productions and smartphone manufacturing. so if you look at it, it is 51% of global smartphones are currently being produced in china, huawei in the midst of all the sanctions in 2020, smartphone market share over that of samsung's, to become the number—one global smartphone maker, so how did it happen? and ev is the same thing. 48% of current evs that are on the streets are currently in china. by 2025, 50% of global ev productions are going to come from china and if you look at the us, tesla is amazing, but there are not a lot of new ev players or ev makers in the

us, but in china there are hundreds. but if you look at al, that is another major competitive area between china and the united states and very simply china is going to rival up in this global ai superpower race. very simply, if you want to become a superpower in al you need a lot of data and in order to have a lot of data you need a 5g infrastructure. well, anja manuel, shirley yu has certainly laid her cards on the table there, so china wins hands down on quality, she says. thank you for that question. shirley is certainly right that china has made great strides in handsets, in 56 technology, in artificial intelligence, in electric vehicles, just as she said. when i look at the technology race between china and the us, europe and others, i think there are five areas that are really important. they are artificial intelligence, semi conductors,

which of course are the things that make all of computing power possible, the chips that power all of our computers. quantum computing, which is still further out. different aspects of biotechnology, and financial technology. in some of those areas, the west is still ahead, i would say in artificial intelligence, most of the academics doing the really cutting—edge work are in the uk, in the us, canada and elsewhere, but shirley is right. china is rapidly catching up. when you see those ai companies that are in beijing and elsewhere, they are straight out of central casting from silicon valley. they are doing amazing work, so ai, i would say, we are really neck and neck. in semiconductors, a lot of the best chips are designed in the us, produced in korea, japan, taiwan. china is putting billions in to catch up rapidly in that key area.

quantum computing is further out. the us still has an edge, but there are lots of impressive scientists china doing quantum computing. and on financial technologies, which we haven't talked about yet, of course china is doing extremely well, with ant financial and alipay, what tencent is doing. i think if the west doesn't start competing and waking up in that important area, there is going to be another 56 situation where the west wakes up and says, "oh, wow! "china dominates the world financial system with digital one, "everything they are doing in payment. "we are really falling behind." ok, so what you're saying, anja manuel, is that the quality is still better in america and the west, but china is quickly catching up. but you are still saying unequivocally quality is better in the us on the whole? i think you can't parse it like that. you have to go technology by technology that is

what i tried to do. 0k, fine. let's go to our next question, a student from india, currently studying in southampton in england. your question. thank you, zeinab badawi. so is it fair or unfair for the people to be worried about china's involvement in 56 technology? 0k, anja, there has been a great deal, of course, about the 5g huawei technology with the united states insisting that its allies in europe, the united kingdom and elsewhere should roll back on using 5g technology from huawei. so is it fairfor people to be worried or not? it is fair for people to be worried. data privacy and data security are critical. and it starts with the network itself, with 5g, which is the antennas and routers and things, that all of our smartphones

are surely going to be running on, but more importantly than that, but also the internet of things, soon your self driving car will run on it, your electricity grid, and so i do think there is a valid concern that european and the us government had that if one company, whether it is huawei or frankly whether it is any other company, but in particular a company government, has control of that is so closely tied to the chinese government, has control of all of the pipes, if you will, of the world technology infrastructure, that there is a possibility that... ..they could be spying, that there is a possibility that there is control over the web and in the worst—case scenario, when people say, well, at some point you are giving huawei the opportunity to make all the self driving cars run off the road. i can't speak at all to huawei's motives, whether they are interested in that, whether that is actually going to happen, but i do think it is important that there are multiple companies laying 5g infrastructure and that the world has an option.

this gets very technical and complicated but there is currently a this gets very technical and complicated, but there is currently a movement afoot called 0—ran, which basically says that the software layer on top of this should be open source, so that makes it much harder for one company to control everything and to be potentially dangerous in terms of its control of data and allows a far more even playing field. 0k, thank you. shirley, you havejust written a chapter about huawei and its 5g technology, this new book coming out. should we be nervous about using it? anja says yes, what is your answer? i wanted to first of all define 5g technology a bit. i don't want us to think 5g is this magic technology, it is just a phase of our civilisation‘s development. it is nothing more than 4g plus one or if we look at it 6g —1 in a couple of years

time i think the world will very much be talking about 6g and forget about 5g altogether. but it is a debatable question, zeinab badawi, but i think most of the experts in the world agree that 5g is not that sort of technology to the likes of a steam engine in the sense that it will singularly fire up a whole wave of industrial revolution, but certainly it is a very important transitory technology in the world's history. but 5g should definitely benefit the whole of humanity and i think what is important is to look at huawei as an example, it is currently operating in 172 countries globally and bear in mind there are only 195 sovereign nations in the world, so it has covered a lot. anja says that the technology could be used for spying. what do you say to her? certainly, that is a concern that i have been hearing about for the past two years or so, but so far no country has come up with some substantive evidence to substantiate it, but it remains a concern. what i wanted to say is fundamentally the world is changing because of china's 5g technology, whether we like it

or not. the western world, by and large, our 0ecd economies are more concerned about it and if you look at the large part of the developing world, remember over 120 countries in the world are still in the developing phase and they by and large welcome chinese technology, so how do we look at the future world? is that going to be potentially the regions of the world that are faster developing, that have the faster demographic majority and the countries that are disparate for the countries that are desparate for economic growth are going to welcome huawei's technology or chinese technology, by and large. let's go to our third question now from nairobi, the capital of kenyan. you are a lecturer at a business school, so we expect a very profound question from you, then. what is it? i hope so, zeinab badawi. thank you. so my question for the panellist is even if the us decouples completely from chinese technology, does the us have the

current manufacturing capacity to build and sustain quantities required on a global scale? anja, what is your response? thank you for that question. i really hope that the us doesn't decouple completely from china. i think that harms the us, china and the whole rest of the world. there are a few... ..areas... for advanced biotechnology, maybe some parts of vaccines where you think, well, i think each country should probably have a secure supply chain, so when i talk about tech decoupling, lam talking about those very, very narrow areas, but i think ultimately the us and china having a positive trading and economic relationship, having a partnership where we can cooperate on many things around the world, for example electric vehicles, like shirley yu mentioned and climate change

is really important. sol so i very much hope there isn't a complete decoupling. 0k. thanks. shirley yu? i agree with anja manuel, but also i think it is important for us to identify does the us really want to de—globalise the us really want to de—globalise the world today? they have been a lot of criticisms about the us in that fashion. i personally don't think so. i think the us wants a decent —sized world, they want to remove china out of certain key components of its global value chain, but certainly the nus has no capacity and it would be totally unrealistic to think that the us is going to produce everything, i'm sure. so the us is going to look for other emerging markets that looks and feels just like what china used to be and to recalibrate this global supply chain and so the us is going to move further down into the other emerging markets to recalibrate, but at the same time i don't want to

think that this is a unilateral action because china is moving supply chains closer to home as well. thank you very much. do you wa nt to well. thank you very much. do you want to respond to what you have heard are to panellist say? no, i would just like to thank them and i think they it from the point of view of the opportunities that are there, especially for the emerging markets, which is of great interest to me. i just would want may be going forward , just would want may be going forward, given the political landscape that is fair, whether indeed such collaborations will be possible, moving forward. thank you very much indeed. let's now go to washington, dc in the united states. what do you want to ask? hello. what effect to the trade or have on the tech, workforce and labour conditions? also, our silicon valley and china competing for the best talent? shirley yu. ithink, absolutely, last week we heard the

news that china just announced is going to build its first chip university. this university is going to do nothing, or the curriculum is going to be centred around the ict industry and not only that it is going to work closely with huawei's icy chip maker to bridge this gap between education and the commercialisation, so china is basically saying, the us can ban on selling chips and equipment to china, but now i am going to attract the best and the brightest of global talent, the professors, the professionals from the industry to teachin professionals from the industry to teach in china, so as long as china has the brain capacity it is only a matter of time that china is going to have the products, so this fundamental competition, economically speaking, between china and the us is going to be centred on technology, but the core of technological competition is on talent. what does this mean for countries vying for the best brains? because we know that the united states does attract the brightest and the best from all over the world, including from china. chinese

stu d e nts world, including from china. chinese students go to the united states and they form the biggest number of foreign students than any other group there. anja manuel. foreign students than any other group there. anja manuelm foreign students than any other group there. anja manuel. it does, andl group there. anja manuel. it does, and i think it is one of the great strengths of the united states that we do attract talent from all over the world. there is competition for technology talent, and china is doing a lot with the 1000 talents programme, encouraging people to come and work in china in the tech industry and the us, i would say, in the last few years, with how aggressive the trump administration has been on immigration, i think there is a danger of shooting ourselves in the foot. we are stronger if we get the best talent from all over the world. and this woman had a second question, which is how has the trade war affected the tech industry? i have to say less than you would think. so there are still, for example, artificial intelligence lab is buying us companies, microsoft, google, many

others that are in china, israel, germany, the uk and in the united states. that hasn't changed. now, who has really taken the brunt from a trade war are the farmers, who through tariffs aren't able to sell as much to china any more, so china is buying its soybeans from brazil. the stated goal of the trade war was to create a level playing field for western companies in china and i don't see a lot of evidence that all of the terrace can result in that. thank you very much. let's now go to the capital of lithuania, your question. thank you, zeinab badawi. my question to both of the panellists is tied up to the upcoming us elections. given the elections, do you foresee any shift in the current dynamics in the us— china relations? thank you. shirley yu. no us president would allow

china to overtake the united states at the commanding heights of the global economy, not president trump orany global economy, not president trump or any future us president would allow that scenario to happen during his or her term, so as long as we understand that and as long as china continues to pursue a number of economic strategies, i think nothing fundamental will change, but this year china's economy continues to grow, its gdp figure came in at close to 5%, so china is on economic normalcy there and the us is projected to contract by around 7% and the eu by 11%. so china will continue to ascend on relative economic to terms with its competitors, inching closer to a peer competitor status and so this fundamental competition will be two pronged in both economic and ideological, but i think more importantly economic. i think until

and unless china, as long as china continues to ascend with the us in this global economic parity scenario, i don't think anything is going to change from that point of view. very quickly, shirley yu, you'd think there is no difference between president trump or president biden for the china— us tech or? between president trump or president biden for the china- us tech or? let me ask you, do you think president biden would allow during his term the china overtakes the united states to become the largest economy in the world? i don't think so. let's see what you have to say, anja manuel, because it is often said that the tone might be different at least if there were a president biden from a president trump, but actually there isn't a great deal of difference between them. joe biden said of the president of china just in october of this month, this is a quy in october of this month, this is a guy who is a fog. is there going to be much difference? absolutely, zeinab badawi. i think you will see differences in three areas. one, the

tone, exactly as you said. if biden wins, the tone is going to be ratcheted down significantly. two, as opposed to this trouble administration idea that we are going to go it alone, make america great again, make china great again, we are going to do things with allies. you have already heard from the biden campaign that, they want to reinvigorate nato, they want to doa to reinvigorate nato, they want to do a lot more with our asian allies, where the trump administration has tried to charge japan five times more than our basic rate rights and same with south korea, so i think we will see a big difference with that. we may see a renegotiation of a partnership, a big trade agreement that was started under the bush administration, completed under 0bama and then scrapped under this current administration, so tone will be different, how much we work with friends around the world will be different and i think what i said in the very beginning... there will be

an effort to find some areas to collaborate, especially on climate change and finally on the tech war i think shirley yu is right, no us president wants to see the united states fall behind, but i think undera biden states fall behind, but i think under a biden administration you would see a lot more push to lift ourselves up, make ourselves competitive, rather than building a motor read american technology and trying to keep china out and tear china down. 0k. thank you, both of you, indeed i think it is both political and economical issues, so i think it spans much more than that it actually concerns talents, it concerns economies, so it actually concerns talents, it concerns economies, so i would think that the new president would definitely change at least some of the dynamics currently going on. let's now go to a final question and it is from a man from the isle of wight here in the uk. thank you. i

just want to say at the moment i believe china is in the lead when it comes to the race to everything else because of how advanced they are with all their equipment, with exception to elon musk and tesla everything. but my question is what you think it would take for us to move you think it would take for us to m ove pa st you think it would take for us to move past this tech nationalism and how long do believe it would take for all the countries in the world to start working together, manufacturing everything? well, that isa manufacturing everything? well, that is a nice conciliatory note to end on. let me come to you first on that one, shirley yu. iwant on. let me come to you first on that one, shirley yu. i want to say if you look at injune in india they banned 68 chinese apps from operating in the country and we all know that the smartphone maker ali babar tends to all have significant investments in india, so if we look at this tech nationalism scenario it is not just confined at this tech nationalism scenario it is notjust confined to china and the us. i should say that perhaps not to our liking, more more

countries arejoining not to our liking, more more countries are joining the race not to our liking, more more countries arejoining the race in tech nationalism, but how do countries become competitive in global manufacturing? that is deeply rooted in the country is' economic structure, that is just the fact. but i want to stress the point that competition, even in today's world in this national competition, is not a bad thing actually altogether. if we remember the cold war of the 20th century, during that time men landed on the moon and during the reagan administration we are ushered in this whole entire internet era. we haven't landed a man in on the moon ever since then because there is no longer a pressure for competition, so this competition is actually in a way always a good thing for the world because if you have two of the world's largest economies using the whole of government approach to try to invest in technology to try to get ahead and become competitive, the rest of the world at the end of the rest of the world at the end of the day is going to benefit as a whole. 0k. and anja manuel, your final answer. wonderful. this is a

great, optimistic note to end on and i would just say technology has been really unusual in the last 25 years, for being so open and so international. the idea that until very recently you had one unified world internet that the whole world could use, but you have tech talent and people flowing across areas, it isjust not possible to put that genie back in the bottle and i don't think it would be good to do so, so i think the question is exactly right. 0n i think the question is exactly right. on most things the tech nationalism is really limited and i would hope that both china and the united states can tell themselves, well, we are going to have very few areas that are of national security significance and i have mentioned are now a couple of times. semiconductors, some pieces of ai, some pieces of biotechnology, but they are narrow stop and on every

other area, which is on most everything, we can continue to collaborate and the world can continue to collaborate, so i commend the question for that. thank you. let mejust commend the question for that. thank you. let me just ask my question is here, i'm going to ask you to put your thumbs here, i'm going to ask you to put yourthumbs up if here, i'm going to ask you to put your thumbs up if you think that the united states is winning the tech war? who thinks the us is in the lead? put your war? who thinks the us is in the lead ? put your thumbs war? who thinks the us is in the lead? put your thumbs up. just one of you. and who thinks that china is winning the us however china tech war? can i abstain? 0k, winning the us however china tech war? can i abstain? ok, you have abstained. a clear majority there believe that china is winning the tech war, so there you have it. that is all for this additional global questions. who is winning the us— china tech was? clearly, a majority think that china is out there. remember, we are the programme that brings you the trend lines behind the headlines. thank you very much to anja manuel and shirley yu and my question is and of course to you, whether you are watching or

listening to this programme and remember you too can be part of global questions, just submit a question to our panel for next time i'd e—mail us at the address below. until the next time, from me, zeinab badawi and the rest of the global questions team, goodbye. hello. a windy start to the weekend. a band of heavy rain, even some torrential bursts moving through england and wales as the day goes on. some very gusty winds, maybe in excess of 50 mph at times, too, whereas scotland and northern ireland with afternoon sunny spells. rain gradually clearing south—east england as we go through the night. behind that still blustery, plenty of showers coming into the west, some clearer spells to the east, a few spots in north—east scotland into low single figures as we start the day tomorrow, and with low pressure close

by to the north—west of the uk tomorrow it is the west that will see most of the showers, but southern england will see some too. some heavy, possibly thundery, a chance of hail as well. a few showers will trickle further east during the day but fewer showers and more in the way of sunshine for the east midlands, yorkshire, north—east england and eastern scotland. it's blustery wherever you are — these are average speeds, some gusts widely 30 to a0 mph, maybe 50 in the western isles of scotland, and temperatures for some a notch down on today. bye— bye.

this is bbc news. i'm rebecca jones. the headlines at five... south yorkshire is the latest region to move to england's top level of restrictions — local leaders in sheffield call for an exit plan the question is, at what point to become out of tier 3? no one is able to a nswer become out of tier 3? no one is able to answer that question. even then they now is asking that question and, well, the mayor should have asked that question when he was negotiating with the government the last ten days. police in gloucestershire begin border patrols to stop nonessential travel as wales begins its first full day of a ‘firebreak‘ lockdown. i voted for a guy named trump. president trump casts his vote for the us election in the key state of florida, where early voting

is under way.