this is bbc news. the headlines at 8pm: nottingham and parts of the surrounding county will move into tier 3 — the top tier of covid restrictions — from midnight on thursday. how hospitals are coping with the coronavirus upsurge. we've a special report from newcastle where doctors say they've learned valuable lessons, but the virus remains a major threat. covid continues to make people critically ill, it continues to make people's organs fail, it continues to cause death. following the high—profile campaign to extend free school meals in england, the prime minister is still resisting calls to rethink his approach. we don't want to see children going hungry this winter, this christmas, certainly not as a result of any inattention by this government.

and you're not going to see that. a week before the us election, anger from democrats as president trump looks set to push through his choice for the supreme court. and why patches of hidden water could boost plans to build a permanent base on the moon. good evening and welcome to bbc news. the city of nottingham, and other parts of nottinghamshire, are moving into tier 3 — the highest level of covid restrictions in england. the decision follows discussions between local leaders and the government. the measure will come into force on thursday and will affect up to 700,000 people.

it's not yet been revealed how much government financial support the areas will get. there is the latest area in england having to be put into territory, waddington and cheshire come into tier 3 from —— territory coming from midnight tonight. it means you cannot beat anyone who is not of your household indoors. pubs and bars that do not deserve a substantial meal will also have to close. casinos, bookies, and children's soft play centres will also shut their doors. you're also advised to not travel in and out of advised to not travel in and out of a tier 3 area other than for work, education or caring responsibilities. 0ur midlands correspondent sian lloyd reports. tilly is a victim of the rising number of covid cases in nottingham. she doesn't have the virus but a planned operation to remove her tonsils has been cancelled because the local nhs is under so much strain.

i packed all my stuff and my favourite teddies to go to the hospital with mummy, and, then, when i heard it, i felt like literally sad. i completely understand that the hospitals at the moment are at this capacity, but, for my situation and for tilly, who is seven years old, you know, it's really important for her to have her tonsils and adenoids taken out. tilly was due to have surgery at the queen's medical centre. the trust said today that the number of patients being treated for covid—i9 across its two main hospital site is now higher than in april, when cases were at their peak. it's why they've had to postpone some surgery. and there is a key reason why nottingham has been moved into the tier 3 very high risk group tonight. two weeks ago, this city had the highest coronavirus rate in england.

it has now dropped out of the list of top 20 hot spots, but that hasn't been enough to prevent further restrictions being imposed. if you drive by any pub here, there's lots of people not social distancing, so it's their fault. it's our own fault. we need tojust do it, buckle down and let's get into a decent position for christmas so we can actually spend it with our family. tier 3 isjust worse. it doesn't really give us anything. it feels like you are being locked up. after days of talks, the decision isn't a surprise but it will be questioned by some, given the drop in cases. however, at one minute past midnight on thursday, this city will see a change of course. sian lloyd, bbc news, nottingham. alex norris is a labour mp for nottingham north and a shadow health minister. thank you forjoining us here in bbc

news. i would like to know your response to the decision made this evening, this afternoon, is it the right one? i think it is an inevitable one. i would start by saying, i do not know anything of it other than what i have read in any media and they have not been engaging with members of parliament. as was said any previous work, we are still pretty high in the rates, but our compass capacity is running out in hospitals, we have heard that they have had to cut operations... sorry, i do not know what you mean other than what you have read. have you not been consulted on this? no, it is not something that members of parliament have been part of. as you would expect, i've been talking to the council, our council leader about what we think the city needs. we had a briefing from the government last friday, but that was rather on the spread of the disease

generally, more than any restrictions or what support we might need so i think that is disappointing, nevertheless, what matters now is to make what has been decided work. and in these discussions, what did you come up with, but where the conclusions?‘ couple of things, really. the first thing is we want to make sure we protect the health of our community so protect the health of our community so that means restricting and breaking the spread of the virus so thatis breaking the spread of the virus so that is where the restrictions come in. we also need a properjob support and we are pleased to have extracted from the chancellor better commitments they are and i'm sure he could go further yet. it is a particular support for business, giving the council funds to support those businesses that cannot operate as they normally would in order to get going, viable businesses. nottingham is the best night out in the country, a fantastic place to go to the theatre, restaurants, pubs and we need to support and incubate those businesses well they will be under pressure. that is what we are calling for. i will wait to see the detail in the morning and i suspect

it will be broadly in line with the other deals are great so far, but we will wait to see what that is. could you share the deals, some of those with us please? you mention a better commitment in terms of support and also funds to support business. what early details? as i say, i have not seen it so i would not know, it will be announcing the money. in places such as sheffield, similar cities to ours, it has broadly been around 8p per head for the sort of enforcement and administration of a —— £8 per head and £20 for business apart, does not go very far so it will be very challenging for us to come up with a way to freely distribute that ina way with a way to freely distribute that in a way that protects us much of oui’ in a way that protects us much of our local economy as possible. —— fairly distribute that.” our local economy as possible. —— fairly distribute that. i did want to talk if you knew how long this is going to be because manchester has a 28 day period, but could you expand because the nhs is very much key in fighting this epidemic in the uk. what other restrictions? you said

problems are starting to emerge, could you detail some of those for us? yes to start with the press that they are, we are really keen and adamant that the government had to give nottingham people a sense of what we have to do to get out of those restrictions. the gentleman in your broadcaster and i was in, let's commit to it. i think it was right to say that. he was saying because he wants to see his family at christmas and that feeling will be cab across our city and beyond. we wa nt cab across our city and beyond. we want greater clarity about what we had to do to come out of territory. 0ur rate has halved in the last three weeks because of the hard work of nottingham people, but we know the hospitals are under pressure and have cancelled nonemergency services so that is what it is. if the government needs to be clear about that,. we are waiting with bated breath. what i'm really concerned about is that e—mails are less down the road we have the fabulous city of leicester. they went into a local doctor i20 of leicester. they went into a local doctor 120 days ago and they have

never emerged. they have never been told what they need to do to emerge and funnily enough, i think people's enthusiasm is bound to weigh in at that point. we do not want that and we know there will be a short review period. —— are bound to wane at that point. we have to be very, very clear about what we need to do to get out of a tier 3. alex norris, thank you very much for your time. this the rise in coronavirus cases is piling yet more pressure on hospitals throughout the uk, with nhs staff are having to juggle competing demands. although hospital admissions are nowhere near the peak in april, they have been rising over the past week. 0ur medical editor fergus walsh, cameraman adam walker, and producer nicki stiastny were given extensive access to the royal victoria infirmary in newcastle, and this is what they found. the royal victoria infirmary is part of the fabric of life in newcastle.

15,000 staff work at the trust, they are always busier as winter approaches, but this will be the first with coronavirus. we've got a very tired workforce. we know the beast that is covid pneumonia. it's devastating if you get a setback. for a couple of months in summer, there were no covid patients in intensive care, now staff are back in full ppe. covid continues to make people critically ill. it continues to make people's organs fail. it continues to cause death. that is still a frightening prospect for many people out there. but patient numbers are half that compared to the first wave, and very few are on ventilators. to me, this feels very different from the peak in april. doctors now know so much more about covid and how best to treat the disease.

that means many more patients are surviving intensive care. we feel we can offer every patient the best possible opportunity to get through it — based on some much firmer science that we can draw on now compared with april. half the patients, like brian, are on clinical trials. the 62—year—old is usually behind the bar at a local social club, then he got covid. terrified. absolutely terrified. the amount of trauma you feel, you just have to build your strength up, get better. they will get us better. i know that. covid patients in intensive care are given remdesivir, an antiviral drug, plus medications to stop potentially fatal blood clots. they also get dexamethasone, a steroid. trials in the uk showed it reduces

the risk of dying by up to a third. mohammed came to england from pakistan in the ‘50s, a former bus driver, he's 87 and suffers confusion. so his daughter, who has also had covid, is allowed to stay with him. very close to dying, he was, honestly. it was very, very scary. he lives with his son and grandchildren, his daughter is on the next street. covid has swept through the extended family. thank god. he's going to thank god. he is going to thank everybody that's helped him get home as well. the hospital is confident it can cope with coronavirus this winter and could expand its intensive care fivefold if needed. but the more covid there is,

the greater the impact on other nonemergency care, the hip replacements, eye operations and myriad of other conditions, and like everywhere else, patients are waiting longer. we've got a really significant backlog. cataracts and eye operations are a good example. small, relatively simple procedures, but if you are an elderly frail person isolating, fearful in covid times, then, you know, we're pushing those patients into deeper anxiety. we've got 73 covid itu beds. i think they are a bit tight on non—covid itu beds. for now, they have some spare capacity, but it's finely balanced, and social distancing means the hospital can't admit as many patients as before. a handful of theatres have had to be closed to free up nurses for intensive care. but surgery that was suspended

in the first wave is taking place. waiting around, wondering if you are going to get the operation. kathleen should've had her thyroid operation in march. she feels fortunate it's now happened. it's been a little bit intense waiting around, you know, thinking, "am i going to get the operation, am i not?" but now it's happened. i'm absolutely elated, it's great. around one million women in the uk missed out on breast screening in the first wave of coronavirus. the trust is determined to keep it going this time. well done. the hospital is very much open for business, and staff want to continue all services this winter. but so much depends on whether coronavirus can be kept under control. fergus walsh with that exclusive

report. the welsh government says it will ensure retailers understand what can and cannot be sold during the 17—day temporary firebreak following an apology from tesco in cardiff where a customer was mistakenly prevented from buying sanitary products. under the latest guidance for the duration of extra restrictions, all shops in wales which are allowed to remain open are not able to sell goods classed as "non—essential". the welsh health minister said the incident at tesco had happened because of a misunderstanding. let's ta ke let's take you through the latest figures for covid—i9. that is people who died within 28 days of a positive covid—i9 test. that takes the total number of deaths so far across the uk to...

and we'll find out how this story — and many others — are covered in tomorrow's front pages at 10:35 and 11:30 this evening in the papers. our guests joining me tonight are the former fleet street editor, eve pollard, and the director of thejohn smith centre at glasgow university and former scottish labour leader, kezia dugdale. it is 60 minutes the headlines on bbc news... nottingham and parts of the surrounding county will move into tier 3 — the top tier of covid restrictions — from midnight on thursday. the prime minister defends his refusal to extend free school meal vouchers for pupils during the holidays. the welsh government says tesco was "simply wrong" to tell a woman she could not buy period products — as it defends its lockdown rules.

sport now and a full round up, from the bbc sport centre. good evening. let's start with tonight's football first, and in the first of the evening's premier league games, west brom scored a second half equaliser, as they drew 1—1 at brighton. brighton went ahead after a real mix up in the west brom defence. branislav ivanovic‘s attempted clearanace hitting jake livermore and going in. but west brom drew level in the second half with new signing karlan grant scoring his first goal for the club. the other game this evening between burnley and tottenham kicked off at 8. gareth bale once again on the bench for tottenham. it is currently 0—0 there. burnley starting the game inside the bottom three, with just one point on the board so far, while victory for spurs would move them up to fifth in the premier league table.

newcastle united owner mike ashley has called on the premier league to review its arrangements around broadcasting matches on pay per view, and says charging £111.95 per match is "unacceptable." with games continuing to be played behind closed doors, and supporters not allowed back into stadiums, a number of matches are being shown via pay per view. ashley says the premier league should immediately act, and look at cutting the price to £11.95 per game, while a fan boycott of the matches has raised over £300,000 for charity england have named their 36—man squad for saturday's six nations match against italy and the autumn nations cup that follows it. wasps uncapped duo jack willis and jacob umanga have been included the match in rome will be england's first test for seven months after the weekend's game against the ba ra barians was cancelled, a big blow to england preparations but the head coach eddiejones says they took it in their stride, just as they did when extreme weather affected their world cup this time last year.

i quicklyjust went up to my room and worked out a plan b. i didn't get involved in the emotion of what happened. did a plan b, then got our logistics manager, and charlotte, and our captain, 0wen up. we quickly had a plan in place about an hour after the postponement of the game — or cancellation of the game, should i say. and we were onto the next thing, mate. we're pretty good at these things. you know, we had the same situation with the typhoon injapan. so we moved on. this time it was just a bit of a different typhoon. wales will play their autumn nations cup matches, including the match against england next month, away from the principality stadium in cardiff. the venue is being used as a coronavirus field hospital. they'll play at scarlets home ground in llanelli. challenge cup winners leeds are in action against castleford, in super league. it is currently 6—6 at the moment.

but the champions st helens have missed out on winning an 11th successive match — they were beaten 12—10 by salford. salford had to come from a 10—0 defecit with krisnan inu crashing over late on to end their three game losing streak. sheffield fighter kell brook will challenge for the wbo welterweight title in just under 3 weeks. he's taking on the unbeaten american, terence crawford, in las vegas. brook is a former ibf champion and regaining a world title would mean everything. this is what i've always wanted to do, since a 9—year—old, become world champion and be involved in the best fights possible, and people writing me off the way they are, this is going to be so emotional, just getting that win and proving them all wrong, and being there with my family and the people who do believe

in me, knowing that i can do it and i will go on and go down as a living legend and make history. so, you know, this is what i was born to do. 0ptimistic there. ashley barnes has just had a goal ruled out in in a match for burnley there. it is currently 0—0 there. that is all this but for now, we will have more for now, we will have more fear later on. as half—term starts for many pupils this week, borisjohnson has refused to extend free school meal vouchers to cover the holiday in england, but has hinted at extra support. many councils are already providing free meals, while hundreds of businesses are offering parcels to those in need. the latest available data indicates more than 1.4 million children in england are eligible for free school meals, although campaigners say the current need means that figure is much higher. the estimated cost per week is more than £21m.

in its power" to tackle hunger during schools holidays, as our political correspondent alex forsyth reports. i'm just collecting some apples for stewed apples in the morning for breakfast. this family's been finding alternative ways to stay fed. it might seem like a rural idyll, but it can be a real struggle. these are the ducks... their mum can't find work in the pandemic. she relies on universal credit and says free school meals are a lifeline that she's missing this half term. it's embarrassing to not be able to do the most basic cooking and things and provide your children and then have to go and ask for that help, and have that help debated, have that help discussed and have my decisions on my choices as a mother discussed. if it happened to me, it can happen to anybody. 0key—cokey. the prime minister, despite growing pressure to offer food vouchers during the holidays, is holding firm on that front. but, in berkshire today,

promoting better hospital food, he didn't rule out more support. the way to deal with it, we think, is by increasing the funds available for universal credit. we put up by about a thousand a year. but, also, to put more into local councils. so we don't want to see children going hungry this winter, this christmas, certainly not as a result of any inattention by this government. you're not going to see that. but, without extra help this half term, some councils and businesses are stepping in. wolverhampton's labour leader was delivering food parcels today. the government points to £63 million it gave england's local authorities this summer to help families facing hardship, but many say that's already been spent orfalls far short. there's been no promise of further funding or any detail, just a suggestion there might be more support down the line, perhaps to avoid another damaging row before christmas.

of course, not everyone thinks the government should fund food during the holidays, but this campaign has got real traction and plenty here, including some tory mps, think that the government has just handled it badly. there is huge passion, desire, to actually see this system continue. let's recognise that if the national picture is such that they want to support this, that it would be churlish not to recognise that this is an avenue worth pursuing. in scotland, the government has introduced a scheme to fund meals during the holidays. it's the same in wales and northern ireland. in england, the campaigning continues, with coldplay the latest to weigh in. and with marcus rashford, the premier league player who kick—started this issue, determined to keep it prominent, the political pressure doesn't seem to be easing. alex forsyth, bbc news. natasha jonas is an olympic gb boxer. she is offering free boxing lessons and food parcels to families from the toxteth area of liverpool where she grew up.

i will take the boxing lessons because that is hard work. thank you for joining because that is hard work. thank you forjoining us here on bbc news. so why does the fact that children are going hungry and you are offering food parcels, why does this matter to your? my mum was really young when she had me. we come from a low income family, we were a young family andi income family, we were a young family and i myself have been the recipient of a free school meals and iama recipient of a free school meals and i am a single mum at the minute and i know that one extra meal can be quite costly over the holidays. you know, it is tougher pitted, especially at times like this. we are not talking about low income families —— it is tough for parents. we are talking about hard—working families who are on zero—hour contracts, who have lost theirjobs, ordered on 66% of minimum wages and families are struggling and it is sad to see that we have a government

who do not support the younger generation and believe that they should be fed. before we talk about this, your idea, and what you're doing, let's make it real. what is it like going to bed on an empty belly? um... i cannot say i've experience going to bed with an empty stomach, but there are children out there who's so meal comes from school. so if you take that away, especially at times like this when parents are struggling and cannot find work and have not got the money, that is a very true reality for some kids. so tell us about your project in. i'm getting a lot of the pays for it, but it was an idea that my brother came up with. he is a professional mma fighter himself. we as a city stood

together and wanted the gems to be open and be campaigned and protested and the people of liverpool got that and the people of liverpool got that and make that happen and said, let's get back, what can we do we are a family who are heavily influenced by the gem industry he has just notched up the gem industry he has just notched up his own company and we are going to do the sessions. that is going to be no criteria, bring your kids along. just very quickly, how many families are you helping out with these parcels? today i know that ta kes these parcels? today i know that takes in liverpool has handed out

over 140 lunches and that is not even including the breakfast packs they give to some families in natasha, thank you very much your time and good luck with the project. in the us, republican senators are trying to force through a vote which would confirm the appointment of president trump's choice for the vacant spot on country's supreme court. the democrats are trying to delay the vote on amy coney barrett — which they say shouldn't be held because voting is already under way in the us presidential election which could see mr trump removed from office. they say the nomination proces has been rushed through to get it done before the election in eight days' time — and have called it a sham.

these are live pictures on the senate floor at the moment, a vote is expected later tonight. 0ur correspondent lebo diseko joins me from capitoljoins me from capitol hill in washington. all eyes are on the senate floor. just talk us through what we are expected to happen today. as we said, the vote is expected later on this evening around 7:30pm. republicans have a very slim majority, but it doesn't look like they have enough votes to get this through today. the democrats, as you say, say this is unfair and they are complaining about how close this is to the election, but essentially, it is not a great deal that they can do to block this. donald trump, this is a victory and he promised his supporters that they would put a number of conservative judges on the supreme court as a socially close to

the election for his base and this is something they will be pleased about. very quickly, many people are pointing to the fact that there may be the possibility that ms barrett should focus on whatever happens with the outcome of the election. but any discussions about that? you will remember that when she had her confirmation hearing, she refused to be drawn on that and would not a nswer be drawn on that and would not answer there are certainly lots of democrats concerned about that and worried about the fact that she could start work tomorrow could have searched work next week. there are a number of cases about the way that the election happens, the amount of time that the post ballots have to be counted that are making their way to the courts. they are very concerned she makes it own decisions about that too. let's catch up with the weather with matt taylor.

whilst there are a few showers still on the go at the moment, clearer skies for many for a time overnight means it's already turning quite chilly. by the end of the night, across parts of scotland, northern, eastern england, as the showers fade it's going to be a cold night, with temperatures close enough to freezing for a little bit of frost for one or two. whereas towards nothern ireland, wales and the south west temperatures rise later in the night as cloud spills its way in and outbreaks of rain develop for a rather wet morning. but here, where you start off with the wet weather, things will brighten up, sunshine and showers later. sunny start through eastern, and northern england into scotland but it's here during the afternoon replaces the sunshine with cloud, outbreaks of rain — again, for some it will be heavy. staying drierfor longer across the north—east of scotland but here and across many north—eastern areas after that chilly start, temperature struggling to rise. milder towards the south and west where the sunshine and the showers get going through the afternoon, up to around 15. through tuesday night, the rain does push to the north—east of scotland. the showers keep going into a fairly showery wednesday but for the rest of the night, rain at times and some pretty rough seas in the west. bye for now.

this is bbc news. the headlines at 8pm: nottingham and parts of the surrounding county will move into tier 3 — the top tier of covid restrictions — from midnight on thursday. the prime minister extends his refusal to extend school vouchers for meals during the holidays. the welsh government says that tesco was simply wrong to tell a woman she could buy sanitary products as it defends its lockdown rules. it week before the us election anger from democrats as president trump looks at to push through his choice for the supreme court. and nasa says it has evidence that water on the moon exists in larger quantities than previously thought. it could be important for future crude missions.

nearly a people have tested positive out of the 333 people tested for the coronavirus at a meat processing plant in norfolk. there are 1000 workers at the site in total and the remaining workers will be tested over the next few days. let's get more on this. alex is outside the factory. alex, just take us through what's been happening. this is moved quite fast in the past few few hours. it's a part processing plant in the town. it's run by a crew called france what country foods. about ten days ago we heard that there were a handful of positive coronavirus cases here. late this afternoon it emerged that number had rocketed up to 140 for cases as you say out of 333 tested. bear in mind that a strike rate of one into people that were tested has come

back with a positive test. 1000 people were care but if you bear in mind hundred of tested positive. that's one in seven of the workforce here. the remaining workers about 600 will be tested over the next two days. the director of public health not surprisingly has called this a significant outbreak. she says the analysis of swab continues she says ina analysis of swab continues she says in a statement the remaining staff are being tested today and tomorrow. due to the high number of positive cases so far she says we are now liaising with the joint bio—security committee and have stepped up contract tracing in the area. urging people who may have symptoms to access testing. i think there is a real concern because unlike a lot of other meat processing plants in this pa rt other meat processing plants in this part of the world in east anglia where workers are boxed in our car share coming in from other towns, a

lot of the workers who work in this factory behind me live in the community. they live in water in it self and many of them live in houses of multi—view occupation. you can see the issues that may arise there. we co nta cted see the issues that may arise there. we contacted them they gave us a statement, they more or less confirm with the director of public health says that workers have tested positive for. they say that all are asymptomatic. and our self isolating. they point out that the company is working alongside public health in england the health and safety executive in the county council. interestingly they say and perhaps not surprisingly, they envisage that there will be disruption to the full operation of the plant in the short term. as to whether the plant will close, that's not up to the local help teams. it will go up to whitehall. if it does 01’ will go up to whitehall. if it does or doesn't call that will be signed out by the health secretary. we don't expect much movement in the next two days or so. european

governments are scrambling to contain a rapidly growing arise in coronavirus interactions by putting new restrictions in place. there is now a nationwide overnight curfew in spain and italy gyms, pools, cinemas and theatres have shot. restaurants bars and cafes will close at six p:m.. france bars and cafes will close at six p: m.. france has bars and cafes will close at six p:m.. france has set a new daily record for coronavirus on sunday. with over 52,000 cases recorded in just 20 for hours. while in the czech republic, one of europe's worst hotspots, a partial lockdown is in place and field hospitals have now been set up. so let's get more micro and is in rome streets in rome will a very different including here in the heart of the italian capital.

all the restaurants, bars, cafes here will have to stop table service from six p:m.. they will only get service that is allowed until midnight. gyms, pools flee not pull cinemas have contact sport has been sought. at times have been advised by the government only to move around if really necessary the prime minister said today that the infection rate is currently very worrying. there were 21,000 cases yesterday 1200 people are now in intensive care at the moment. that's a rise of almost a thousand in the space of a month. it has frightening echoes of back in march when italy became the first country to be crushed by the virus and the first in the world to impose a national lockdown. this time it is looser because what change is that covid fatigue has set in for that there been protests in italian cities over the last few days the economy is already forecast to shrink by 10% this year. it could take a few weeks for the impact of these measures to be felt on the infection rate. the

opposition has warned that the government is chasing after the virus rather than controlling it. last we heard spain is under a nationwide curfew. 0ur correspondent in madrid is guy had to go. this is a state of emergency again. the same legal mechanisms being used the same is back in the spring. with the measures being introduced under it. this is not the same tight national lockdown that we saw back in the spring. however, we do have this cu rfew spring. however, we do have this curfew as of last night. most places from 11 o'clock at night until six in the morning. although there is some leeway. depending on which region you're in. also there is a new rule of six limiting the number of people who can gather together at anyone time. and local authorities are now being given extra powers for so that they can introduce the kind of restrictions they feel are necessary and whichever part of the country is seeing a particular high infection rate. we are likely to see

more restrictions being introduced by local governments in the coming days. the catalan government is talking about the possibility of a weekend lockdown. confining people just at the weekends to their homes. that is being talked about at the moment. nasa has announced that they could be even more water on the surface of the moon than previously thought. hidden pockets of ice might cover the surface patches that may have gone without any sunlight for billions of years. the discovery could be a boost for plans to build a permanent base on the air. 0ur science correspondent explains. we are right where we wanted to be for are right where we wanted to be for a station too. it looks like a great place. half a century sense human set foot on its surface. we've met every boulder and crater. but a series of discoveries that nasa revealed today have shown that the

moon's surface has been hiding in abundant supply of water. one of the discoveries comes from the telescope onboard a modified boeing 747. by flying about 99% of the earths atmosphere it has a clearer view of the solar system. it picked up a telltale signature of water molecules on the lunar surface. in another simultaneous published discovery the searchers mapped shadowed areas called cold traps where frozen water might stored permanently. what these papers are telling us is that actually that the water could be trapped in slightly more easier to access areas, they aren't so hazardous. this is really important especially if we want to send crude missions to the moon. it gives us slightly more options in terms of where we can go. and making sure that it's safe for all those involved. to go further we must be able to sustain missions a greater distance and durations. these discoveries will be a boost for nasa's plans to send the next woman

and man to the moon by 2020 for. because while the apollo mission already took humans there and back future missions will aim to establish a base there is a gateway to explore the rest of the solar system. the next generation of crude missions to the moon are going to have to be far more sustainable. so that means finding and learning to use natural resources particularly water that is already there. plans to return to the moon are already in progress. but these discoveries raise the ten to 90 possibility that our natural satellite isn'tjust somewhere to visit but a place to stay. professor paul hain is the co—author of one of the two studies. hejoins us from co—author of one of the two studies. he joins us from colorado. co—author of one of the two studies. hejoins us from colorado. thank co—author of one of the two studies. he joins us from colorado. thank you very much for speaking to bbc news today. congratulations on this. first off, we talk about significantly more water when we talking about? right. the

distribution of the potential water reservoirs on the moon is broadly expanded by this new finding and the amount of water we are talking about is an extra roughly1 billion kg. 0k, how did you get there? that is an excellent question that we would love the know the answer to. to a nswer love the know the answer to. to answer that question we need to get down on the surface and we can sample the water deposits. the leading contenders right now are climate impacts which would provide an influx of a large amount of water through a very short period of time. another possibility is the atmosphere of the sign, believe it or not. there is protons that are released by the sun continuously in the solar wind. those protons can interact with the lunar surface combining with oxygen from the rocks to produce h20 which could then migrate to the poles of the moon where it would be cold trapped in

these permanent shadows. those are two very different mechanisms and we can actually tell the difference between those two sources by looking at the exact composition of the ice in the shadows. it's been a great week for successes when it comes to outer space. in terms of extracting that water, i understand it's in a glass bead or that's how you believe it exists. how do we turn it from loose molecules into actual water? there are two very different types of water on the moon. the first is that when you mentioned which is probably trapped inside these mineralgrains in the probably trapped inside these mineral grains in the rocks. that would be released by heating. you would be released by heating. you would heat up the rocks in an oven to bake off the water molecules. the other case which is the wand that is the focus of our paper, we are actually talking about ice. if an astronaut were to reach into one of

the shadows and pull out a handful of the lunar soil, they might see glittering specks of ice shined back at them. i take it we need to get a sample, don't we? when will that happen? we do need a simple and that's going to happen in the very near future. of nasa's lunar polar missions will launch in 2020 2022 excuse me. that will land us close to the lunar south bowl and at the first measurements of these polar cultures. i suppose turning that and extracting that water takes energy. if there are plans to develop a site on the moon how was i going to work? that's what so exciting about this new discovery. where finding water thatis new discovery. where finding water that is much more widespread over reaches of the move was up and will be more accessible. to venture deep

inside one of these large permanent shadows you could actually stand or use equipment in the terrain, the sunlight terrain and scrape the surface and harvest the water that way. technologies are being developed within nasa and other space agencies to do this kind of extraction. i think you will see some of this technology coming online in the coming years. fa ntastically online in the coming years. fantastically exciting. you're watching bbc news. it is quarter to nine the headlines. nottingham and parts of their surrounding county will move into tier 3 the top tier of covid restrictions from midnight on thursday. the prime minister defends his refusal to extend free school meal vouchers for pupils during the holidays. the welsh government says tesco was simply wrong to tell a woman that she could not buy sanitary products as it defends its lockdown rules. police

say the seven stowaways arrested after a special forces stored in oil tanker yesterday are being questioned on seizing control of a ship by use of threats or force. the owner of the vessel has thanked the ukfor owner of the vessel has thanked the uk for its response after the crewmate contradict back but the authorities to report that behaviour of the stowaways have become increasingly hostile. as our correspondent reports. peaceful, quiet and empty. this ship docked in southampton today. last night it was anything but. a suspected hijacking on board as special forces stormed the ship. the end trumpeter left the nigerian city of legos on the 5th of 0ctober nigerian city of legos on the 5th of october with the seven stowaways on board. yesterday morning as the ship approached his destination near the isle of wight police got a call from help with the intruders turning violent crew had lock themselves in

the citadel. a secure space of the ship where they still had control. at 5pm police asked for military assistance. two hours later 16 troopers from the special boat service that use these waters as a training grounds onto the deck from royal navy helicopters. they detained the stowaways believed to be nigerians seeking asylums in a matter of minutes. if you're faced with the prospect of heavily armed men coming onto the ship and you didn't get onto the ship in the first place to die in the general, you came onto the ship to get into the united kingdom, you're going to give up pretty quickly. and that accou nts give up pretty quickly. and that accounts for why it only took nine minutes. the 228 metre tanker was moved here to southampton harbour where it was due to doc anyway. all 22 crew members were brought to safety whilst the seven stowaways we re safety whilst the seven stowaways were handed over to hampshire police. those men have all been arrested on suspicion of seizing or exercising control of a ship by use

of threats or force. and all remain in police custody. it'sjust of threats or force. and all remain in police custody. it's just over a week to go before the us presidential election. more than 60 million americans have already taken advantage of early voting breaking all records. this week in a series of special reports from the key state of arizona my colleague will be looking at some of the issues preoccupying the voters there as they make their choices. he starts this evening with illegal immigration. and president trumps signature promised to build a wall along the border with mexico. the heavens were no barrier to american idealism. what on earth how best to protect what it means to be american. it's an impregnable barrier a good option?|j american. it's an impregnable barrier a good option? i think it's says you can tear down the statue of liberty. i think it says we should close shop. eight nation of settlers

that for some is turning on outsiders as american votes immigration is high on the ballot. we talk to those who see donald trump border wall as a betrayal of american ideals. i just trump border wall as a betrayal of american ideals. ijust see this on a daily basis. it sometimesjust hit you. and those for whom there is no price too high to pay to protect all they hold dear. are you prepared to use that? only after comes down to it. i'm coming home. it he happens to be arizona. that wall, how good is that wall? it is the iconic idea of trumps america. and there's, cowboys and big skies pa rt and there's, cowboys and big skies part of the iconography of america.

built mcdonald's ranch in arizona is just a few miles from the border with mexico. illegal immigration and drug trafficking are live issues here. yet for him a republican, billions spent on the border wall is a waste of money. people think you build a wall you've solve the problem. you already got saws to cut through that wall. you could do it with technology into a just as well. made a promise was determined to keep it a thought if he or get reelected that's the only reason why he does anything. i'm not crazy about everybody who goes over the border but i'm not crazy about everybody that lives here either. there are good people and there are bad people in all stripes. it takes a few hours to sort the caps for sale headed for oklahoma. they will never see their mothers again. but that's business. activists say over 500 children remain separated from their families... building 500 children remain separated from their families. .. building a 500 children remain separated from their families... building a big ball was only part of the plan. critics in congress and human rights group claimed migrants were being

treated like cattle under donald trump zero tolerance child separation policy to deter illegal migration. eventually his administration was forced to change course. but secure borders are a necessity. we saw drug cartels spotters across the wall in mexico checking if the coast is clear to send over hugh human mules. these ones went that way so yesterday i followed these guys. tim often spots them to video it in the mules with their backpacks of drugs. from his remote base in southern arizona he leads a group of armed volunteers, they patrol the border. it is the while making america great again? it's making it safer. tim represents a strain of american patriotism donald trump tapped into. giving up everything he knew in san francisco to come to arizona. what is it about

the situation that get you angry?” didn't trust the government or the media to tout the actual truth of what was going on. some applesauce... but what is the truth? there is another group of volunteers on the border. they are from a charity that leaves water and food supplies for people crossing over from mexico. asylum—seekers fleeing persecution and migrant families with children reaching for a better life. they also help families find relatives who've gone missing crossing the border. so what other kinds of things you come across on the trails? many times we find remains, skeletal remains of border crossers. evidence of a persons life. you see wedding rings, love letters, a lot of rosaries, a lot of bibles. in this one area at the

remains of 181 people have been found this year. you see young, young people, old people. you see everybody. and you see the families and the families just everybody. and you see the families and the familiesjust reach out everybody. and you see the families and the families just reach out to us desperately looking for their loved ones. it's an unimaginable pain and anguish. often their worlds collide and there is one think they both agree on. what's the tattoo? horsemen of the apocalypse when i see his coming it's... it's my view of the border. there is death all around. donald trumps wall speaks to us all. we project on the barrier our own values. this election sees millions of americans casting their

votes in line with who they believe they really are. france has called on countries in the middle east not to boycott its goods after protests against president microns defence of the right to show cartoons of the prophet muhammad. french products have been removed from shops and q8 jordan and qatar while there's been small french demonstrations in libya, gaza northern syria. a former army paratrooper has set a new world record for jumping from army paratrooper has set a new world record forjumping from an aircraft into water without a parachute. john bream, whose nickname the flying fish dived around 40 metres from the helicopter into the english channel to raise money for charity. 0ur correspondent has more. a smile and a wave from the man about to jump into the record books. this isjohn and he is heading to the english

channel to do this. now watch again from below. john is at least 40 metres up, equivalent to a ten story building. john made the jump to raise money for paratrooper veterans and to boost morale for a nation under covid. making people smile, helping veterans, it's awesome. it's just lifting morale making people smile. in high spirits john had trained for months. this is what it looked like with his own camera. he's backed by a huge safety team and although not yet confirmed, he now knows he's gone into the record books. how did it go? wonderfully, swimmingly! you are now a record breaker! john was somewhat bruised by thejump and

breaker! john was somewhat bruised by the jump and says he's glad he left for his colleagues and his country. wow. whether time. good evening. it's a week of good proper terminal changeable weather. i'll be and driven by what's happening over the united states and canada at the moment. usually cold air in fact record—breaking to the north of the us. when you get those two battling you get a very strong jet stream propagating from the us out into the atlantic. that then fires up some pretty potent areas of low pressure. this one is going to drop in pressure set quite substantially into tuesday for the 100 mile an hour winds but thankfully for us it stays well away from our shores. it is close enough to influence our weather this week with other areas of low pressure. it will be windy a time but nothing untoward. heavy rain which could produce letting for one or two later this week along with rough seas in the west before things turn mild or later. not mild out there at the moment was typical for many parts of the country across

scotland, northern and eastern england temperatures dropping well down into single figures without even a touch of frost for the temperatures rising through the night southwest wales northern island that's because cloud and rain speu island that's because cloud and rain spell its way in. tomorrow your date will be split into. you start off with the wet weather northern islands, southwest some heavy you'll have something brighter for the afternoon with sunny spells and one or two showers for the after study start to east in england and much of scotla nd start to east in england and much of scotland and turns cloudier and wetter have for the day. because the day starting chilli you lose the sunshine through the morning into the afternoon. temperatures will struggle to rise. a rather chilly day. the northeast of scotland milder of all when the sunshine comes out towards the southwest was up comes out towards the southwest was up through tuesday evening the rain will then sit across the northeast of scotla nd will then sit across the northeast of scotland will it will linger into wednesday morning for the area of low pressure still there to the south of iceland the centre staying away from us but with a long see out towards these western part of the uk where we will see some pretty rough seas wasn't raised to top of a te na nt

seas wasn't raised to top of a tenant metres in height towards the west of ireland. low pressure so close by its disturbed atmosphere, mix of sunshine and showers for wednesday for the heaviest of the shower south and west their most frequent could be hail and thunder mixed in front of central eastern pa rt mixed in front of central eastern part you'll see the sun shone through much of the day. fewer showers and a rather cool day particularly in the breeze. more persistent rain across many parts into thursday. minor flooding persistent rain across many parts into thursday. minorflooding could be caused in northwest england by which stage parts of england and wales touch gale force at time. see you soon.

i'm katty kay in washington and this is bbc world news america. europe struggles with a second wave of the coronavirus. italy and spain impose tough new restrictions. the us supreme court is set to take its biggest step towards conservatism in almost 30 years with the confirmation of amy coney barrett. it was a key election promise, so what has happened to the president's famous border wall? we have a report from arizona. he from arizona. made a promise, was determined to keep he made a promise, was determined to keep it and thought if he kept it, he would get re—elected. and why patches of hidden water could take us one step closer to a permanent base on the moon.