a new national lockdown in france will start on friday and last at least until the end of november. in a nationwide televised address, president macron said people would only be allowed to leave home for essential work, shopping, exercise or emergencies. businesses classed as non—essential, such as restaurants and bars, will close, but schools and factories can still open. this is bbc news with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk, pbs in america and around the world. my name is mike embley. germany's chancellor angela merkel has also announced a partial lockdown to stop the spread of the virus. bars, restaurants and much of the leisure sector will have to close for the whole a tough message from of next month. a sombre president macron — the senior us medical official dealing with france is to go into a second controlling coronavirus, anthony fauci, has criticised national lockdown president trump's political translation: if we do not rallies saying they are bound apply a brutal break to spread covid—nineteen. on the contamination today, he told the bbc that such our hospitals will gatherings of people not quickly be saturated. wearing masks or socially separating were potentially superspreading events. tough new measures in germany too, bars, restaurants, gyms and theatres will close from monday. anthony fauci, the leading virus expert in the united states, now on bbc news tells the bbc that zeinab badawi in global president trump's campaign

questions asks: should rallies are bound to we learn to live with covid? hello, and welcome to global questions with me, zeinab badawi. relations between the united states and china are at rock bottom and central to the tensions is their rivalry on technology. washington, for instance, has tightened restrictions on huawei 56 technology, whilst china denies access to the likes of google and facebook. the battle ground for global power is being fought in artificial intelligence, the telecoms and internet industries. we ask, who is winning the us—china tech war? well, to bring you this edition of global questions, as always our two panellists and audience membersjoin us

well, to bring you this edition of global questions, as always our two panellists and audience membersjoin us via video link, so let me tell you who is in the hot seat this week giving the answers. anja manuel was a diplomat in the us state department and is co—founder of a strategic consultancy, alongside the former us secretary of state, condoleezza rice. she has spoken about how america needs to win the technology race with china by adopting a more offensive strategy. and shirley yu is a political economist and was a news anchor on china's national television. she is also a fellow at harvard university and the london school of economics. she is the founder of china big idea. that is a daily strategic briefing service. and she is one of the authors of a new book, called huawei goes global: made in china for the world. welcome to you both and to my audience members and a solitary round of applause from me.

and remember, you canjoin the conversation as well, it is #bbcglobalquestions. let's go to our first question. it is from an engineering student from zambia, who is currently studying in china. your question, please. my question is, is the quality of technology in america faster than a match made in china? which technology superpowers produce better quality that is more effective? right, shirley yu, who has got the better quality? thank you for the question, thank you, zeinab badawi, for having me. in technology, i think speed and scale matters, but more importantly competition matters. china has become better in quality, primarily because of competition. two of the leading sectors that are characterised china of the leading sectors that are so made in china 2025 currently are ev productions and smartphone manufacturing. so if you look at it, it is 51% of global smartphones are currently being produced

in china, huawei in the midst of all the sanctions in 2020, smartphone market share over that of samsung's, to become the number—one global smartphone maker, so how did it happen? and ev is the same thing. 48% of current evs that are on the streets are currently in china. by 2025, 50% of global ev productions are going to come from china and if you look but there are not a lot of new ev players or ev makers in the us, but in china there are hundreds. but if you look at al, that is another major competitive area between china and the united states and very simply china is going to rival up in this global ai superpower race. very simply, if you want to become a superpower in al you need a lot of data and in order to have a lot of data you need a 5g infrastructure. well, anja manuel, shirley yu has certainly laid her cards on the table there, so china wins hands down on quality, she says.

thank you for that question. shirley is certainly right that china has made great strides in handsets, in 56 technology, in artificial intelligence, in electric vehicles, just as she said. when i look at the technology race between china and the us, europe and others, i think there are five areas that are really important. they are artificial intelligence, semi conductors, which of course are the things that make all of computing power possible, the chips that power all of our computers. quantum computing, which is still further out. different aspects of biotechnology, and financial technology. in some of those areas, the west is still ahead,

i would say in artificial intelligence, most of the academics doing the really cutting—edge work are in the uk, in the us, canada and elsewhere, but shirley is right. china is rapidly catching up. when you see those ai companies that are in beijing and elsewhere, they are straight out of central casting from silicon valley. they are doing amazing work, so ai, i would say, we are really neck and neck. in semiconductors, a lot of the best chips are designed in the us, produced in korea, japan, taiwan. china is putting billions in to catch up rapidly in that key area. quantum computing is further out. the us still has an edge, but there are lots of impressive scientists in china doing quantum computing. and on financial technologies, which we haven't talked about yet, of course china is doing extremely well, with ant financial and alipay, what tencent is doing. i think if the west doesn't

start competing and waking up in that important area, there is going to be another 56 situation where the west wakes up and says, "oh, wow! "china dominates the world financial system with digital one, "everything they are doing in payment. "we are really falling behind." ok, so what you're saying, anja manuel, is that the quality is still better in america and the west, but china is quickly catching up. but you are still saying unequivocally quality is better in the us on the whole? i think you can't parse it like that. you have to go technology by technology that is what i tried to do. 0k, fine. let's go to our next question, a student from india, currently studying in southampton in england. your question. thank you, zeinab badawi. so is it fair or unfair for the people to be worried about china's involvement in 56 technology? 0k, anja, there has been a great deal, of course, about the 5g huawei technology with the united states insisting that its allies in europe, the united kingdom and elsewhere should

roll back on using 5g technology from huawei. so is it fairfor people to be worried or not? it is fair for people to be worried. data privacy and data security are critical. and it starts with the network itself, with 56, which is the antennas and routers and things, that allwhich is the thing is that all of our smartphones are surely going to be running on, but more importantly than that, but also the internet of things, soon your self driving car will run on it, your electricity grid, and so i do think there is a valid concern that european and the us government had that if one company, whether it is huawei or frankly whether it is any other company, but in particular a company that is so closely tied to the chinese government, has control of all of the pipes, if you will, of the world technology infrastructure, that there is a possibility that...

..they could be spying, that there is a possibility that there is control over the web and in the worst—case scenario, when people say, well, at some point you are giving huawei the opportunity to make all the self driving cars run off the road. i can't speak at all to huawei's motives, whether they are interested in that, whether that is actually going to happen, but i do think it is important that there are multiple companies laying 5g infrastructure and that the world has an option. this gets very technical and complicated, but there is currently a movement afoot called o—ran, which basically says that the software layer on top of this should be open source, so that makes it much harder for one company to control everything and to be potentially dangerous in terms of its control of data and allows a far more even playing field. 0k, thank you. shirley, you havejust written a chapter about huawei and its 5g technology,

this new book coming out. should we be nervous about using it? anja says yes, what is your answer? i wanted to first of all define 5g technology a bit. i don't want us to think 5g is this magic technology, it is just a phase of our civilisation‘sdevelopment. it is nothing more than 4g plus one or if we look at it 6g —i in a couple of years time i think the world will very much be talking about 6g and forget about 5g altogether. but it is a debatable question, zeinab badawi, but i think most of the experts in the world agree that 5g is not that sort of technology to the likes of a steam engine in the sense that it will singularly fire up a whole wave of industrial revolution, but certainly it is a very important transitory technology in the world's history. but 5g should definitely benefit the whole of humanity and i think what is important

is to look at huawei as an example, it is currently operating in 172 countries globally and bear in mind there are only 195 sovereign nations in the world, so it has covered a lot. anja says that the technology could be used for spying. what do you say to her? certainly, that is a concern that i have been hearing about for the past two years or so, but so far no country has come up with some substantive evidence to substantiate it, but it remains a concern. what i wanted to say is fundamentally the world is changing because of china's 5g technology, whether we like it or not. the western world, by and large, our oecd economies are more concerned about it and if you look at the large part of the developing world, remember over 120 countries in the world are still in the developing phase and they by and large welcome chinese technology, so how do we look at the future world? is that going to be potentially the regions of the world that

are faster developing, that have the faster demographic majority and the countries that are desparate for economic growth are going to welcome huawei's technology or chinese technology, by and large. let's go to our third question now from nairobi, the capital of kenya. you are a lecturer at a business school, so we expect a very profound question from you, then. what is it? i hope so, zeinab badawi. thank you. so my question for the panellist is even if the us decouples completely from chinese technology, does the us have the current manufacturing capacity to build and sustain quantities required on a global scale? anja, what is your response? thank you for that question. i really hope that the us doesn't decouple completely from china. i think that harms the us, china and the whole rest of the world. there are a few... ..areas... for advanced biotechnology,

maybe some parts of vaccines where you think, well, i think each country should probably have a secure supply chain, so when i talk about tech decoupling, i am talking about those very, very narrow areas, but i think ultimately the us and china having a positive trading and economic relationship, having a partnership where we can cooperate on many things around the world, for example electric vehicles, like shirley yu mentioned and climate change is really important. so i very much hope there isn't a complete decoupling. 0k. thanks. shirley yu? i agree with anja manuel, but also i think it is important for us to identify does the us really want to de—globalise the world today? they have been a lot of criticisms about the us in that fashion. i personally don't think so. i think the us wants a decent —sized world, they want to remove china out of certain key components of its global value chain,

but certainly the nus has no capacity and it would be totally unrealistic to think that the us is going to produce everything, i'm sure. so the us is going to look for other emerging markets that looks and feels just like what china used to be and to recalibrate this global supply chain and so the us is going to move further down into the other emerging markets to recalibrate, but at the same time i don't want to think that this is a unilateral action because china is moving supply chains closer to home as well. thank you very much. do you want to respond to what you have heard are to panellist say? no, i would just like to thank them and i think they it from the point of view of the opportunities that are there, especially for the emerging markets, which is of great interest to me. ijust would want may be going forward, given the political landscape that is fair, whether indeed such collaborations will be possible, moving forward. thank you very much indeed. let's now go to washington,

dc in the united states. what do you want to ask? hello. what effects do the trade war have on the tech, workforce and labour conditions? also, are silicon valley and china competing for the best talent? i think, absolutely, last week we heard the news that china just announced is going to build its first chip this university is going to do nothing, all the curriculum is going to be centred around the ict industry and not only that it is going to work closely with huawei's chip maker to bridge this gap between education and the commercialisation, so china is basically saying, the us can ban on selling chips and equipment to china, but now i am going to attract the best and the brightest of global talent, the professors, the professionals

from the industry to teach in china, so as long as china has the brain capacity it is only a matter of time that china is going to have the products. so this fundamental competition, economically speaking, between china and the us is going to be centred on technology, but the core of technological competition is on talent. what does this mean for countries vying for the best brains? because we know that the united states does attract the brightest and the best from all over the world, including from china. chinese students go to the united states and they form the biggest number of foreign students than any other group there. it does, and i think it is one of the great strengths of the united states that we do attract talent from all over the world. there is a competition for technology talent, and china is doing a lot with the 1000 talents programme, encouraging people to come and work in china in the tech industry and the us, i would say, in the last few years, with how aggressive the trump administration has been on immigration, i think

there is a danger of shooting ourselves in the foot. we are stronger if we get the best talent from all over the world. and marianne had a second question, which is how has the trade war affected the tech industry? i have to say less than you would think. so there are still, for example, artificial intelligence labs by us companies, microsoft, google, many others that are in china, israel, germany, the uk and in the united states. that hasn't changed. now, who has really taken the brunt from the trade war are the farmers, who through tariffs aren't able to sell as much to china any more, so china is buying its soybeans from brazil. the stated goal of the trade war was to create a level playing field for western companies in china and i don't see a lot of evidence that

all of the tarrifs have resulted in that. thank you very much. let's now go to the capital of lithuania, your question. thank you, zeinab. my question to both of the panellists is tied up to the upcoming us elections. given the elections, do you foresee any shift in the current dynamics in the us—china debt wars? thank you. shirley yu. no us president would allow china to overtake the united states at the commanding heights of the global economy, not president trump or any future us president would allow that scenario to happen during his or her term, so as long as we understand that and as long as china continues to pursue a number of economic strategies, i think nothing fundamental will change, but this year china's economy continues to grow — its gdp figure came in at close to 5%. so china is on economic

normalcy there and the us is projected to contract by around 7% and the eu by 11%. so china will continue to ascend on relative economic terms with its competitors, inching closer to a peer competitor status and so this fundamental competition will be two—pronged in both economic and ideological, but i think more importantly economic. "it is the economy, stupid," using a clinton line at there. i think until and unless china, as long as china continues to ascend with the us in this global economic parity scenario, i don't think anything is going to change from that point of view. very quickly, shirley, you'd think there is no difference between president trump or president biden for the china—us tech war? let me ask you, do you think president biden would allow during his term that china overtakes the united states

to become the largest economy in the world? i don't think so. let's see what you have to say, anja manuel, because it is often said that the tone might be different at least if there were a president biden from a president trump, but actually there isn't a great deal of difference between them. joe biden said of the president of china just in october of this month, this is a guy who is a thug. is there going to be much difference? absolutely, zeinab. i think you will see differences in three areas. one, the tone, exactly as you said. if biden wins, the tone is going to be ratcheted down significantly. two, as opposed to this trump administration idea that we are going to go it alone, make america great again, make china great again, we are going to do things with allies. you have already heard from the biden campaign that, they want to reinvigorate nato, they want to do a lot more with our asian allies,

where the trump administration has tried to charge japan five times more for our basing rights and the same with south korea, so i think we will see a big difference with that. we may see a renegotiation of a partnership, a big trade agreement that was started under the bush administration, completed under 0bama and then scrapped under this current administration, so tone will be different, how much we work with friends around the world will be different and i think what i said in the very beginning... there will be an effort to find some areas to collaborate, especially on climate change. and finally on the tech war, i think shirley is right, no us president wants to see the united states fall behind, but i think under a biden administration you would see a lot more push to lift ourselves up, make ourselves competitive, rather than building up a moat in american technology and trying to keep china out and tear china down. 0k.

thank you, both of you, indeed i think it is both political and economical issues, so i think it spans much more than that it actually concerns talents, it concerns economies, so i would think that the new president would definitely change at least some of the dynamics currently going on. let's now go to a final question and it is from rohan from the isle of wight here in the uk. thank you. i just want to say at the moment i believe china is in the lead when it comes to the race to everything else because of how advanced they are with all their equipment, with exception to elon musk and tesla and everything. but my question is, what you think it would take for us to move past this tech nationalism and how long do you believe it would take for all the countries in the world to start working together, manufacturing everything? well, that is a nice conciliatory note to end on. let me come to you first on that one, shirley.

i want to say if you look at injune in india, they banned 68 chinese apps from operating in the country and we all know that the smartphone maker ali babar tends to all have significant investments in india, so if we look at this tech nationalism scenario it is not just confined to china and the us. i should say that perhaps not to our liking, more countries arejoining the race in tech nationalism, manufacturing? but i want to stress the point that tech competition, is not a bad thing altogether. if we remember the cold war of the 20th century, during that time men landed on the moon and during the reagan administration we are ushered in this whole entire internet era. we haven't landed a man on the moon ever since then

because there is no longer a pressure for competition, so this competition is actually in a way always a good thing for the world because if you have two of the world's largest economies using the whole of government approach to try to invest in technology, to try to get ahead and become competitive, the rest of the world at the end of the day is going to benefit as a whole. 0k. and anja manuel, your final answer. wonderful. this is a great, optimistic note to end on and i would just say technology has been really unusual in the last 25 years, for being so open and so international. the idea that until very recently you had one unified world internet that the whole world could use, but you have tech talent and people flowing across areas, it isjust not possible to put that genie back in the bottle and i don't think it would be good to do so,

so i think the question is exactly right. on most things the tech nationalism is really limited and i would hope that both china and the united states can tell themselves, well, we are going to have very few areas that are of national security significance, and i have mentioned them now a couple of times. semiconductors, some pieces of ai, some pieces of biotechnology, but they are narrow. and that on every other area, which is on most everything, we can continue to collaborate and the world can continue to collaborate, so i commend the questioner for that. thank you. let me just ask my questioners here, i'm going to ask you to put your thumbs up if you think that the united states is winning the tech war? who thinks the us is in the lead? put your thumbs up. just one of you, camille and who thinks that china is winning the us china tech war? can i abstain?

ok, you have abstained. a clear majority there believe that china is winning the tech war, so there you have it. that is all for this additional global questions. who is winning the tech wars? clearly, a majority think that china is out there. remember, we are the programme that brings you the trend lines behind the headlines. thank you very much to anja manuel and shirley yu and my question is and of course to you, whether you are watching or listening to this programme and remember you too can be part of global questions, just submit a question to our panel for next time i'd e—mail us at the address below. until the next time, from me, zeinab badawi and the rest of the global questions team, goodbye.

hello there. the weather shows no real sign of calming down over the next few days. more heavy rain, more strong winds in the forecast. we've got low pressure spinning here. you can see that on the satellite picture. you can also see this pipeline of cloud that is now ploughing in towards the british isles. a set of weather fronts bringing some heavy rain through thursday. but between these two weather fronts, there is a wedge of mild air. so, although we're expecting some wet and windy weather through the day ahead, it will turn a little bit milder. so, here comes the rain. some very heavy and persistent rain moving in from the west as we go through the day, pushing its way northeastwards across wales, england, northern ireland, getting up across much of scotland. now, the heaviest bursts of rain are likely to be across hills of north wales, north west england, south west scotland. could be some localised flooding issues here. and it will be windy. gusts of a0 to maybe 50 mph or a touch more than that in the most exposed spots. the far north of scotland

will hold onto brightness. we'll see something a little drier towards the south west later. and it will feel mild, highs of 11—15 degrees. through thursday night into the early hours of friday, we keep a pipeline of cloud, some outbreaks of rain in places, particularly over high ground in wales, north west england, also some rain working back into north west scotland. temperatures between 9—13 degrees, an exceptionally mild night, a very mild start to friday. now, as we go through the day, outbreaks of rain will increasingly become confined to southern parts of england, south of wales. further north, we'll actually see brighter skies developing, some spells of sunshine here and there. but it will cool off through the day across northern areas, whereas the south and south east will hold onto some mild air, 17—18 degrees. and then we get to the weekend, and here comes another area of low pressure. look at all the white line squashing together, all the isobars.

this is a deep area of low pressure that will bring some very strong winds, some outbreaks of heavy rain pushing eastwards. those winds gusting up to 50, 60, maybe 70 mph in exposed places in western scotland. temperatures through saturday, it will be another fairly mild one, 12—17 degrees. and for sunday, well, it looks as if we're going to see another spell of heavy rain pushing in from the west, and it will be another very windy day. that's all from me. 00:29:21,730 --> 4294966103:13:29,430 bye for now.