this is bbc news. i'm sally bundock with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. trump faces growing pressure from president—elect biden to start transition — as coronavirus cases in the us top 11 million. hopes rise for end of the pandemic — after early data from us company moderna shows that a second vaccine is almost 95% effective. indian factory workers supplying major stores in the uk and fashion brand ralph lauren allege routine exploitation. we have a special investigation. spacex's first operational crewed flight docks at the international space station — just 2a hours after launching

from cape canaveral. it isa it is a very, very busy programme so it is a very, very busy programme so let's get started. the us president—elect, joe biden, has warned that donald trump's refusal to begin the transition following his election defeat could cost lives. mr biden said more people might die from covid—19 unless the president worked with the incoming team to coordinate vaccination programmes. he also urged democrats and republicans in congress to work together to pass a large economic relief package, which aims to help workers and businesses affected by the pandemic. our north america correspondent david willis reports: at this north dakota hospital,

staff are overwhelmed. here and in other parts of the country, they are running out of bed, suchis they are running out of bed, such is the impact of a virus thatis such is the impact of a virus that is spreading with breathtaking speed. joe biden has warned a dark winter lies ahead, but efforts by his team to come up with a plan to cope with that are being stymied by donald trump's stubborn refusal to concede. at risk, the swift distribution of a vaccine. if we have to wait untiljanuary 20 to start that planning, it puts us behind, over one month, a month and a half. so it is important that it be done, that there be co—ordination, now. now or as rapidly as we can get that done. the president continues to deny that he lost the election and has taken to twitter to accuse what he called radical left democrats of attempting to steal it. but

his refusal to concede is also preventing the biden team from taking the advice of government experts such as dr anthony faucl experts such as dr anthony fauci. the virus is not going to stop and call a timeout while things change, the virus is just while things change, the virus isjust going to while things change, the virus is just going to keep while things change, the virus isjust going to keep going. we wa nt isjust going to keep going. we want a smooth process for that and the way you do that is by essentially having the two groups speak to each other and exchange information. among those urging the president to acknowledge joe those urging the president to acknowledgejoe biden‘s victory as the former first lady michelle obama. on her instagram page, she called the sea mless tra nsfer of instagram page, she called the seamless transfer of power one of the hallmarks of american democracy, adding, this isn't a game. while hope is damning that the current occupant of the white house will prioritise the white house will prioritise the threat of the virus, health experts are warning that another 200,000 americans could die in the time it takes for joe biden to take office. clinical trials in the united states indicate a second

coronavirus vaccine has been developed that works in nearly 95% of cases. it's made by an american biotechnology firm, moderna. the company says its vaccine is easier to store than a similar one announced last week by pfizer and biontech. palab ghosh has more. the new vaccine has come hard on the heels of last week's vaccine on the heels of last week's vaccine announcement on the heels of last week's vaccine announcement by pfizer. the fact that two have been proved effect of enlarged clinical trials suggest that there will be positive results from many of the others underdevelopment. that is promising news, because each vaccine is likely to have its own merits, so the greater the number available, the more lives can be saved and the faster the pandemic can be brought under control. when you combine it with the news last week of pfizer's vaccine, you now have two vaccines that are over 95% effective, and i think

that means we have the tools to finally beat this virus back. i think that is probably the best news of the day for all of us is that there really are now solutions in our hands and we need to deliver them to the people who can use them. the government has bought 5 million doses of the moderna vaccine, far fewer than the tens of millions that has pre— audit of some of the others that might be effective, but it is hoped that positive results for them might be announced in the coming weeks and months. but turning the promising results into a vaccination programme for the entire population will bea for the entire population will be a mammoth task. return to normal is likely to take very many months, if not years. palab ghosh, bbc news. and later in the programme we will be looking at the business of vaccines and the strong reaction on financial markets to that news, but also shortly i'll be speaking to a public health physician who took part in the moderna vaccination trails, so all that to come.

hurricane iota has made landfall over nicaragua forcing thousands of people there and in neighbouring honduras to evacuate from coastal areas. the us national hurricane center says the category five storm has catastrophic winds of more than 250 km/h. paul hawkins has more. it's supposed to be the end of the north atlantic hurricane season, but this is what a category five hurricane looks like. 260 kilometre an hour winds pounding the colombian island of san andreas, bringing life—threatening storm surges and flooding inland. 90 kilometres away, one person died on another colombian island. it is the first time a category five hurricane has hit columbia. translation: we are facing an event that has characteristics that have never been seen in our country. in a

matter of hours, this climatic phenomenon went from a tropical storm to a category five hurricane. and it is not initially at stopping the monster storm now making la ndfall monster storm now making landfall in north—east nicaraguan. this city boarding up. i have to say that most of the communities that are in danger of being washed away by the reins and by the winds have been evacuated totally to safer places. storm surges are up to 30 feet. the previous hurricane destroyed our house and we were left with nothing stopping our another one is approaching. we don't know what will happen. we fa re don't know what will happen. we fare for our lives. the lives of my children, and my mother who is sick. translation: we don't want to die, we are afraid stopping it's been years since we faced these things and nicaraguan are

its precaution we must do things the way they should be done. next ‘s sites as honduras and guatemala. all three were hit bya guatemala. all three were hit by a category or hurricane recently. iota, on the other hand,is recently. iota, on the other hand, is the strongest atlantic hurricane of the year, and only the second november hurricane to reach category five, the last was a 1932. to hurricane seasonis last was a 1932. to hurricane season is getting longer and the hurricane is more powerful, fuelled by the warmer caribbean sea, a symptom of climate change. let's get some of the day's other news. peru's congress has named a new president. francisco sagasti is the country's third leader in a week. he replaces manuel merino, who resigned on sunday following the deaths of two anti—government protesters. he'd only been in power for several days, after the impeachment of martin vizcarra. african leaders are trying to persuade ethiopia's government to agree to a mediation process to end its conflict in tigray and prevent

the fighting spreading. the ethiopian government says it must first carry out a law enforcement operation. hundreds of people have been killed in two weeks of fighting. the danish government says it has reached an agreement with enough parties to pass legislation to permit a total cull of farm—raised mink. the move comes after a mutated form of coronavirus was found on mink farms. there will also be a temporary ban on mink farming until 2022. the uk supermarkets tesco, sainsbury‘s and marks and spencer say they are reviewing working practices at one of their indian suppliers after a bbc investigation found evidence workers were being exploited. women at the factory which makes home textiles for the brands said they were forced to work excessive hours, and weren't even allowed toilet breaks. the bbc also heard claims

of poor working conditions from staff at an indian supplier to ralph lauren. the american brand has said it will investigate. our south asia correspondent rajini vaidya nathan reports. in the world of fashion, they are the forgotten stopping the women who make our clothes. 1 million miles from the catwalk, they often live in dire poverty. their monthly salaries, barely enough to feed theirfamilies. but salaries, barely enough to feed their families. but these women produce garments for some of the world's biggest brands. the talent beyond creating beautiful things is the talent to recognise people. ralph laure's clothes don't come cheap, but the women we spoke to say they are paying a far higher price stopping workers at one south indian factory that supplies the label earn as little as $3 a day, taking clothes that sell for hundred. they say they are forced to work punishing hours and even

end up sleeping on the factory floor. we are made to work continuously, often through the night. sleeping at 380 mand then waking up at five for another full day of work. our bosses don't care, they are only bothered about production. they asked us to work so late, i can't even feed my children at night. they shouldn't treat us at night. they shouldn't treat us like slaves, they should give us respect. in a statement, ralph lauren said it was deeply concerned by the allegations and will investigate. we require all of our suppliers to meet strict operating standards to ensure a safe, healthy and ethical workplace and we conduct regular third—party audits at all factories stopping the factory concerned has denied all allegations. we also talked to female staff at another indian supplier which produces home furnishings for big british brands such as tesco, marks & spencer and sainsbury‘s. speaking from their village, the women told us their village, the women told us they are made to work in

appalling conditions which would be unthinkable to employees at the same brand in the uk. we are not given time to drink water or even use the bathroom. we barely get time to eat lunch. they have increased our workload. we are forced to stay late to finish it or they yell at us and threatened to fire us. we are scared. and statements, all three supermarkets said they were shocked and troubled to hear the reports. sainsbury‘s said it is insisting on a number of actions that the player must ta ke actions that the player must take in order for us actions that the player must take in orderfor us to continue to work with them. tesco has told us that plan includes prohibiting excessive overtime, strengthening grievance procedures and ensuring workers are fully compensated at the correct rates for the hours they have worked, while marks & spencer said it has a robust plan in place and would be undertaking regular unannounced audit to ensure its implementation.

earlier in the year, there was an outcry after allegations of exploitation emerged in british factories supplying the fashion label boohoo. but the bigger issue lies in asia where most of our clothes are made. exploitation happens around the world for people who make up clothes but it is out of view and people aren't engaging with who those people are, but brands really have a responsibility to look at what is happening and their supply chains and say, others people being treated fairly or are they being exploited 7 being treated fairly or are they being exploited? as consumers chase cheaper clothes, the exploitation of the women who make them is one thing that hasn't gone out of fashion. stay with us on bbc news, still to come: the scene, live as spacex's first operational crude flight prepares to dock at the

international space station just 2a hours after departing from cape canaveral. benazir bhutto has claimed victory in pakistan's general election, and she's asked pakistan's president to name her as prime minister. jackson's been released on bail of $3 million after turning himself into police in santa barbara. it was the biggest demonstration so far of the fast—growing european anti—nuclear movement. the south african government has announced that it's opening the country's remaining whites—only beaches to people of all races. this will lead to a black majority government in this country and the destruction of the white civilisation. part of the centuries—old windsor castle, one of the queen's residences, has been consumed by fire for much of the day. 150 firemen have been battling the blaze,

which has caused millions of pounds worth of damage. this is bbc news, the latest headlines: donald trump faces growing pressure from president—elect biden to start transition as coronavirus cases in the us top 11 million. hopes rise for an end of the pandemic after early data from us company moderna shows that a second vaccine is almost 95% effective. let's stay with our top story. the trial for the moderna vaccine involved 30 thousand people in the us. we can now meet one of the participants. dr chris pernell is a public health physician. shejoins us from montclair, in newjersey.

welcome to the programme. tell us welcome to the programme. tell us about your role. so my dad lost his life to this pandemic andi lost his life to this pandemic and i wanted to be a part of the solution and seeing how disproportionately impacted black and brown communities have been impacted by the coronavirus pandemic in america, it was more fire in my belly to show up and find the sides. we have the opportunity presented and i volunteered. i didn't even hesitate. i knew it was the right decision for me. in vaccines or trials, how many do we have to go through? i received two injections. i had my first injection around the end of august. it felt like when i would get my flu vaccination or tetanus vaccination. some pain and tenderness in my arm but

nothing that really interfered or interrupted my daily activities of living and then about a month or so later, in the beginning of october, i had my second injection, and it felt somewhat different. in the first 2a hours, i had some severe fatigue. persistent headache. never any evil or upper respiratory system —— symptoms. after 2a hours i felt much better. so you don't think you were given a placebo?” don't know, it was a double—blind study. nobody knows if they receive the placebo or the active vaccine, it was just really exciting for me, likei it was just really exciting for me, like i said, to volunteer in step forward, knowing how important public health sciences, my father's legacy, and knowing how devastated

black and —— black and round communities were. and your family feel? who wouldn't be hesitant? you don't know whether or not it will be safe. you can only go by the preliminary data. that's what i had done. some preliminary reading and study that was known to the public. i felt like ethical guidelines were followed. and i went ahead with it. they definitely encourage did. in terms of those watching now, we have a global audience we re very now, we have a global audience were very concerned and sceptical. especially given how fast they are coming to market. it is unprecedented. what would you say? i get it. typically it

isa you say? i get it. typically it is a solution. the way we counterbalance the speed is by the sheer number of participants, the fact that over 30,000 engaged in this trial. that is to counteract how fast this happen. if there we re how fast this happen. if there were unknown or unsafe side effects, because of a large number. i get it. there is also great scepticism, because of the level of misinformation and disinformation in the public. we in public health and public health infrastructure, have to just continue to focus on that message about what the sciences, what the has shown, and just answer the questions the public may have. we were so sorry to hear about the loss of your dad due to coronavirus. did he have underlying health issues? my dad did. i like to tell people my father was

heroic. he overcame thejim crow south. he overcame a history of comorbidities but my dad actually was in a pretty sta ble dad actually was in a pretty stable place before he became sick with coronavirus. it was ina sick with coronavirus. it was in a hospital waiting for placement. previous to that hospitalisation, he got exposed, and fortunately. he was there at what was becoming the peak of the surge of the pandemic back in the spring and that hastened his demise. very fortu nate that hastened his demise. very fortunate but no less heroic. lovely to hear that by the way, real trouble tribute to your dad. how do you feel how the current trump administration has dealt with it? the performance has been poor and disappointing to me as a public health official, disappointing to me asa health official, disappointing to me as a family member who has lost a loved one. not only

didi has lost a loved one. not only did i lose my dad but my sister isa did i lose my dad but my sister is a long haul suffererfrom coronavirus. what we need from the federal government and administration ‘s firm leadership. sound leadership. accountability. listening to science, following the data. we haven't been able to get that. we got a lot of disinformation and that right there is a very dangerous legacy. now that transition from the current administration to the president—elect, we're used to a seamless transition in the united states, that delay will cost lives and that is very u nfortu nate cost lives and that is very unfortunate and actually, it's just downright unethical. we really appreciate your time on our programme, thank you for staying up so late. sweden's announced new limits on public gatherings after a surge in coronavirus cases. groups of more then eight

people will not be allowed while the public is being urged to cancel engagements such as visits to the gym. there are no plans however to introduce the country's first lockdown, as sylvia lennan—spence reports. it's the country without lockdowns or face masks. even when cases were surging in the summer, sweden followed a different path, opting instead for voluntary social distancing, washing hands, and public gatherings limited to 50 people. it was hailed as a model of how to live with the pandemic by anti—lockdown campaigners around the world. but a sharp rise in cases means sweden is now tightening those restrictions, with public gatherings limited to a maximum of eight people. translation: we live in trying times now, it will get worse, do your duty, take your responsibility to stop the spread of the infections. don't go to the gym. don't go to the library. don't have dinner.

don't have parties. cancel. this is now the new normal for the whole society, for all sweden. sweden's cases per 100,000 are currently 10 times higher than finland and four times higher than norway. last week, the hospital admissions rate here was growing faster than any other european country. translation: we need to go in with the stronger recommendations and restrictions, and i think it is starting to be time to consider a shutdown of society here and there in sweden. but the country's leader is sticking to the strategy. translation: we don't believe in a total lockdown, we believe that the measures we've taken, the decisions that we're taking are appropriate. what we want to do at the national level now is to send this very clear, strong signal on the necessity of social distancing, on not spending time with people that

you don't live with. sweden says its plan is not herd immunity, where the vulnerable are protected and the virus is allowed to spread, thereby making everyone else immune, eventually. instead, the goal is to keep the economy open, slow the virus, and give hospitals a chance to cope. the first fully operational spacex flight taking astronauts to the international space station has arrived at its destination. the four crew members transported on board and working in space. the first 4— person capsule that has ever flown. hosting a fully automated light to space. they have now revealed to us the zero g indicator and looks like a little baby yoda. these four astronauts, along with their toy companion, the first to be sent on a mission to the international space station

border commercial spacecraft. it's a milestone for nearly £2.5 billion deal that nasa signed with elon musk‘s aerospace company to test and fly the service. when the spacex dragon capsule arrived and successfully docked, that whole process was also automated. the astronauts on this blight, nasa's michael hopkins, victor glover and shannon walker will spend six months in space. in another history making moment, victor gloverjoined the space station to become its first african—american crewmember. there are now seven people living and working on the station, tripling its capacity to carry out scientific research in microgravity. when their mission is done in 2021, their mission is done in 2021, their private space taxi will be waiting to bring them home. corey gill, bbc news. let's show you live pictures

now from the international space station. the capsule was docked but we are still waiting for the hatch to be opened. we have all the top business stories in a moment. see you soon. hello. we're all going to be sitting under a fairly hefty whack of cloud in the next few days. that cloud is being pulled in from the atlantic and it comes along with some very mild air. if it does thin and break in a few spots, which it may do with a little bit of help from the hills, we could see our temperatures in eastern regions shooting up today. but as we continue to pull in the south—westerly air into western scotland, there's going to be a lot of moisture around. here, some fairly relentless rain and across the hills, the totals keep adding up. i think we'll see perhaps some rain setting in from western wales and parts of northern ireland with the higher ground, especially through the day as well. a lot of cloud around, as i said, but some sheltered eastern spots will see the sun coming out and the temperatures

could shoot up to 16, even 17 degrees, but widely, we're in the mid—teens on tuesday, despite the grey skies. through tuesday evening over into wednesday, still lots of cloud around, still that rain across western scotland. a mild start to wednesday in many areas, temperatures down no lower than the low teens. what actually happens through wednesday is during the daytime, temperatures come down, for some as this weather front advances from the west. yes, rain, it'll be another windy story on wednesday too. the east starts with some sunshine. we may cling onto the mild air here into the afternoon with brightness across east anglia, temperatures could get up to 16 degrees. behind the front, clearer, brighter consequently colder. temperatures just 10—11, so chillier in the figures to start the day. this perhaps shows the transition best, though. wednesday into thursday, we sweep away the mild atlanta air and we're plunged into arctic air,

a northerly blast setting up as our area of low pressure that's been with us for quite some time gets replaced by a brief ridge of high pressure. very clear air coming down from the arctic. there'll be some beautiful sunshine around on thursday, some showers, though, for scotland, cold enough to be wintry. gales down the north sea coast. it will be particularly cold when we factor in the wind, and a few showers possible for wales and eastern england on that wind as well. the biggest change for thursday is how it will feel. for the likes of scotland, temperatures will feel closer to freezing when you factor in the wind.

this is bbc news, i'm sally bundock with the top business stories. the business of vaccines — who are the companies in the race to immunise us against covid—19? we assess the runners and riders as financial markets celebrate and hit fresh record highs. few industries have been hit harder by the pandemic than tourism and travel, but to cheer you up — we'll give you some top tourism spots for 2021. but will you be able to get there? and not quite a home away from home, we report on the home improvement trends brought on by the