in england ending in redundancy jumped during lockdown. and there are worries many more will follow. wales win promotion to the top tier of the nations league. this is bbc news with and their victory over finland, could also lead to a play—off spot for the next world cup in 2022. the latest headlines. the team behind the oxford coronavirus vaccine says trials have good morning from blenheim palace. shown a promising immune response in people aged over 60, we have an exclusive preview of the increasing hopes it can protect those most at risk from the virus. £4 billion a year for illuminated light field behind me, the next four years — it is spectacular, which is more the government announces the biggest that can be said for the weather as investment in the military in 30 years. we have snow showers, particularly prince william has tentatively in the north and it will be cold welcomed an independent investigation by the bbc into how with a strong wind. i will have all martin bashir secured an interview with his mother, the details in ten minutes. princess diana in 1995. and lewis hamilton speaks to us about diversity in his sport, the number of coronavirus deaths being seven time world champion, and his vegan dog, roscoe. in the united states passes 250,000, as many states struggle to contain the spread of the virus. it's thursday 19th november. our top story... the largest military investment in 30 years will be announced

by the prime minister later today. the defence budget will increase by £4 billion annually, over the next four years and will partly be used to fund space and cyber defence projects. our defence correspondent, jonathan beale reports. the defence secretary has been fighting hard for more money to modernise the armed forces. and, to break the cycle of the past over ambitious but underfunded defence reviews. last month ben wallace visited troops on salisbury plain to see some of the new equipment already being tested by the army. robots, drones and autonomous systems. the future of warfare. the army has already set up a new unit to counter disinformation, an increase in the defence budget of £16.5 billion over the next four yea rs £16.5 billion over the next four years will also help to meet the new threats in the domains of cyber and space. it is a 10% rise in the

annual mod budget of around £40 billion. with public finances tight, there has been a battle with the treasury that ben wallace has found an ally in the prime minister who believes extra defence spending will bolster britain's place in the world and revive the economy. at bea systems factories, they have begun work on tempest, the next fighter jet which will be flown with or without a pilot in the cockpit. borisjohnson without a pilot in the cockpit. boris johnson says without a pilot in the cockpit. borisjohnson says projects like this could help create up to 10,000 jobs a year. the mod still has to make difficult decisions to cut some older equipment to fund the new, but the defence secretary says the extra cash will provide certainty for the armed forces, even though it might mean savings elsewhere. there has already been speculation that the aid budget could be cut. jonathan beale, bbc news. the united states has become the first country in the world to record more than a quarter of a million deaths from coronavirus. a growing number of states have

announced new restrictions to try to limit the spread of the disease. meanwhile the uk recorded 529 deaths, within 28 days of a positive result — taking the death toll to over 53,000. let's talk to our north america correspondent, peter bowes. morning, peter — it's a bleak figure out of america, and every one of those deaths involves a family on the impact is huge. yes, another grim milestone with more than 250,000 americans losing their lives since the start of this pandemic and there is some positive news on the horizon with the two companies now saying that they have vaccines that are clearly very effective, according to the clinical trials that have been carried out so far, and pfizer are saying with some 94% certainty that their vaccine is

effective in people over the age of 65, that most vulnerable groups. and it is quite possible if the emergency use authorisation is granted for these vaccines that they will be available for inoculations by the end of the year. clearly, there won't be enough for everyone in certain groups will be prioritised in the meantime we still have this long, dark winter to get through as joe biden have this long, dark winter to get through asjoe biden has described it, and across the country, the number of new infections are soaring and we are seeing in densely populated cities like new york and boston and detroit, the schools are closing from today. here in california, more than 90% of the state is in the highest level of alert and restrictions that take us back several months, so it's a matter of hunkering down again. the thanksgiving holidays next week and medical experts are saying, forget it, cancel the holiday and just stay at home. peter, thank you.

the duke of cambridge says a new investigation into how the bbc secured an interview with his mother in 1995 is "a step in the right direction". the corporation has promised to "get to the truth" about the events surrounding the panorama interview with princess diana. lord dyson, one of the country's most senior retired judges has been appointed to lead the inquiry. one of the uk's biggest retailers has said the abuse its staff are receiving from customers has reached an "unacceptable level. " new figures from the co—op show attacks on workers have risen by 36% this year to nearly 40,000 incidents. 0ur consumers affairs correspondent, sarah corker reports. body camera footage from a co—op store in northamptonshire. the customer becomes aggressive. get out, right now. he repeatedly tries to rip off the facemask of the shop worker. take it off. the abuse against retail staff is escalating.

this is what happened in surrey when a customer was asked to follow the shop's one—way system. shelves of wine destroyed and staff threatened. the co—op says one in four of their front line staff have faced anti—social behaviour or been attacked this year. in manchester, store manager matthew says it is happening on a daily basis. there was a gentleman causing trouble because he was refusing to follow the social distancing measures and was approached by a member of staff and asked to leave the store and in doing so he spattered a member of staff several times. it puts the fear into you so you won't go near anyone or approach them. retailers have spent time and money making stores coronavirus secure. staff say some customers are growing increasingly frustrated with the rules and incidents of verbal and physical abuse are rising. and this level of violence is absolutely not

acceptable. some of the uk's leading retailers are now calling for stronger penalties for those who abuse shop workers. tougher sentencing and legislation sends a really important reset message that this is not acceptable behaviour. people are coming to work to earn money to support their families and they deserve to be treated with the same respect that we would all want to be treated with ourselves. reminding customers to wear a facemask or to observe social distancing can be triggers for abuse will stopjulian distancing can be triggers for abuse will stop julian owns distancing can be triggers for abuse will stopjulian owns two convenience stores and says tensions are rising. people arejust convenience stores and says tensions are rising. people are just becoming agitated about it and cannot see an end to it, are frustrated. from our perspective, when you look at our staff, they have now been working tirelessly for the best part of nine months in difficult circumstances. backin months in difficult circumstances. back in northamptonshire, this man was charged with common assault and fined. in surrey, this woman was given a caution for criminal damage.

a doctor whose twins were delivered while she was in a coma with covid—19 says she struggled to believe they were hers when she awoke two weeks later. perpetual uke, who's a hospital consultant in birmingham, is now recovering at home with her baby son, pascal, and daughter palmer. beautiful picture. they were delivered by caesarean section atjust 26 weeks old in april. iwas... all through the period i was on an intensive care unit. i didn't know. when the kids were delivered on the 10th of april, i was in a coma, i didn't know. and waking up two weeks after their delivery was so unbelievable. we thank god we are strong and we're getting there and getting better as the days go by.

it is quite incredible that she was ina coma it is quite incredible that she was in a coma when the babies were delivered. lovely. well done. it's time for the weather. carol is at blenheim palace this morning. a rather special looking blenheim palace. i know you have high demands whenever you go anywhere we have to roll the red carpet out, but this is ridiculous. getting the palace to light itself up for you. isn't it fabulous? good morning, everyone. we are here for an exclusive preview of the illuminated light trail, and you can see behind me all the different colours with some snowflakes and snow in the forecast today and some of us have had it overnight as well and for the first time we haven't got a christmas market at blenheim palace, so the front of the palace has been lit up in a spectacular way and hopefully the market will be back again next year. it has been

postponed, the illuminated light trail until the 4th of december because of lockdown and if you are planning on coming you must pre—book because the rules apply when you are here and it runs right through until the 3rd of january, here and it runs right through until the 3rd ofjanuary, except here and it runs right through until the 3rd of january, except for christmas day. i mention there was snow in the forecast and we've had snow over scotla nd forecast and we've had snow over scotland through parts of the night and the forecast for today is a cold one with a cold wind, and we are looking at sunshine and showers and for a time we will see some of those wintry showers across parts of southern scotland and the pennines on high ground. what is happening is we have a weather front sinking south, and that allows the cold northerly wind to come in behind so we have showers around this morning but high pressure is also building from the west through the course of the day so many of the showers will fade and there will be more sunshine around, but look at those temperatures. in aberdeen, it will be4 temperatures. in aberdeen, it will be 4 degrees, but when you add on the wind chill, you will feel more like a the wind chill, you will feel more likea —1. the wind chill, you will feel more like a —1. not quite as cold as that

in the south, but colder than it was yesterday. the strong winds of the day will ease and as we go through the course of the night the weather front coming in from the west will introduce thicker cloud and rain, so temperatures will rise in the west compared to the east, and as we go through the course of tomorrow after the cold start in eastern areas you can see how the rain moves across from the west towards the east and temperature wise, still milder and in western areas compared to eastern areas but also as we go through the evening we will see temperatures in the east rise, so lots going on with the east rise, so lots going on with the weather and lots going on at blenheim palace. and she will tell us blenheim palace. and she will tell us all about it. thanks very much. as the unemployment rate rises, it appears to be young people who are being hit hardest by the job losses taking place. today, new figures seen by the bbc suggest apprentices are also losing out. nina's got more on this one for us today. whats's happening with apprentices, nina? they were seen as the great hope,

weren't they. more bad news for young people. every month we stand here and reflect on the unemployment figures for the past few months and it's always 16 to 24—year—olds who been disproportionately hit because of the nature of work they are in and this morning bad news for those who have found and apprenticeships. more evidence today of the impact the pandemic is having on young people and those starting new careers. apprentices are a pretty crucial career route for thousands of people. they are essentially paid jobs that come with some training — both in the workplace and in a local college — and it usually leads to a nationally—recognised qualification too. nearly 60,000 new apprentices started in england between the start of the uk—wide lockdown in march and the end ofjuly. that's nearly 50% down on the same period a year earlier. around a fifth of these apprentices had their off—the—job learning programmes suspended during the same period. but even more worrying, new figures seen by the bbc show that during that first lockdown

in england over 1,000 apprentices were made redundant. that's two thirds higher than the same period last year. the organisation that provided these figures says the true number is likely to be much higher. behind the numbers, people's dream careers coming to an end. one of them was ruth. she was a nursery assistant apprentice. after two weeks on furlough, she was told her role was being made redundant. shocked and upset. like, i've just found what could be a potential career path and now it's all going to go soon. it's really shocking and sad. i've got pressure with rent, food. i was really upset because there's so much pressure on me. i'm only 23 — made redundant for the first time. the good news for ruth is she's now found a newjob in a care home. but that's not an apprenticeship so no qualification. apprenticeships are a devolved policy — so authorities in each of the uk

nations manage their own programmes. in england, the chancellor rishi sunak announced as part of his summer statement that firms can get £2,000 if they hire a young apprentice before january next year. but for many employers still struggling — especially with the second lockdown — that might not be possible, even with the incentive. it will be interesting to see what impact it has on the apprentice numbers. we are keen to hear from you this morning. if you're an apprentice and coronavirus has affected your job or training then do please get in touch. it is as we have been saying that many business stories, it is not just being let go, it is what happens next? we are in a second lockdown and we do not know what will happen next. white leather if you are will happen next. white leather if you are a will happen next. white leather if you are a young person and you get a start as an apprentice, it

disappears for no fault of your own. looking to go on to further education is really limited as well. not every young person has the support of mum and dad at home, so really ha rd. let's take a look at today's papers. many of the front pages lead on plans to ease coronavirus restrictions for christmas. the daily telegraph says ministers are considering allowing three households to meet over the festive season but it could mean tighter restrictions later on. "the cost of christmas," is the daily mirror's headline. the newspaper says five days of extreme lockdown equates to one day of fun. experts are warning that partying will lead to new crackdowns if infections soar. the guardian reports on our top story this morning and news that the prime minister is set to reveal a funding boost of over £16 billion for defence. the daily express says britain's coronavirus vaccine roll—out scheme is "edging closer." the paper also features

a picture of princess diana and prince william, who has welcomed an independent investigation into how the bbc secured its famous interview with his mother. it is probably worth saying on the front page about defence spending and we are speaking to the defence secretary this morning. we will be asking questions about the allocation of money at the moment, the huge upgrading of money spent on defence. you may have thoughts on that and how the government is spending its money more generally. this has tickled me in the daily mail this morning. no one is saying you should feeble tell lies, no one is saying it is a good thing. if you area is saying it is a good thing. if you are a parent, maybe you have had to tell a little white lie, just to get kids to do the right thing or behave. in the daily mail this morning, there is a survey, a serious study saying tall tales could be harmful, leaving

adolescents nervous. trish and her husband, if their children were not behaving on a long carjourney, they would say that the car could check it out, could chat the kids at of the car, the car could do it itself. —— could chuck. her husband used to ta ke —— could chuck. her husband used to take his hands of the wheel and drive with his knees. 0ne take his hands of the wheel and drive with his knees. one said she was a witch and could soothe everything from nausea to headaches. if they were being bullied, she said she would put a hex on the bullies said they would not do it again. to stop children from... trish is not getting good press here. to stop her children rummaging around for christmas presents in the cupboards and everything, she said there was a

gas leak which would go off if they opened a certain door. if they opened a certain door. if they opened the door, the gas leak would cause a massive explosion. that is quite extreme! as a child, often food related, my parents would say, i think this was quite common. if you ate an apple core, a tree would grow in your stomach. what is wrong with eating an apple core? i do not think their ways —— as there is anything wrong with it. i remember being terrified about a tree growing in my stomach. it has never really gone away. in these, brits are creating scotch eggs. —— in de son. these have gone up 16% in a month. people in the south of england had been tucking into them. in the uk,

you will want to know which city in the uk is buying the most scotch eggs. i would. the uk is buying the most scotch eggs. iwould. i guess the uk is buying the most scotch eggs. i would. i guess this is proportionate to the population or would make no sense. bristol is devouring the most scotch eggs in the country. would you like to know the country. would you like to know the second and third? second is plymouth. in third is bournemouth. bournemouth, third place in eating scotch eggs. yesterday i bought some veggie scotch eggs. 12 mini ones, i ate the lot. fantastic! this week on breakfast, we've been looking at the impact loneliness has had on people of all ages during the pandemic. today we're focussing on older people. elaine dunkley has been to visit one community in walsall in the midlands, tackling the issue. loneliness. it is a killer, no doubt about it. it's a killer.

when i lost doreen after 63 years of marriage, i don't know, it's like a curtain come down. i thought, "what am i going to do with myself now? i never said goodbye to her." ron davies is 86. he lost his wife, a daughter and a grandson. a life of love and laughter replaced with loneliness and heartbreak. you think to yourself, "well, what else can happen to me?" i can talk about it now. when they say she's at peace now, that doesn't excuse the fact she's not with you. how can you not miss somebody who's been there every day of your life, 63 years? and that loneliness, it is a killer, there is no doubt about it. it is a killer to people and i've experienced this. and it will overtake you if you let it. clock watching all the while. you shut the door. you close the curtains at the windows and then you're thinking, you're wishing your life away. i wish it was tomorrow. i wish it was next week. ron is not alone.

millions of people are feeling increasing levels of loneliness during lockdown. social distancing has broken social bonds. in walsall, a group of volunteers are reaching out to the most vulnerable. it's called neighbourhood natters. a chat on the doorstep that can make all the difference. you 0k? i've brought you some parcels. 0k. angela is visiting 91—year—old adelaide with some shopping and for a much—needed catch up. it's lovely to see angela, she made my day. i really enjoyed it, yes. and i feel very proud and thankful for the things they're doing for me. i think it's lovely. is it quite upsetting sometimes when you get back into the car? no, i get in the car sometimes and sometimes... ifeel full up. you get in the car and you feel like it's pulling on your heartstrings, you know what i mean? they are lonely. i've been to people worse than adelaide and you don't even want to

take... you want to put them in the car and them home with you and look after them. neighbourhood natters has changed ron's life and now he is a volunteer. everyday he makes calls to people who are feeling lonely. hello, kath. 0h, hello, ron. are you all right? yes. yes, not too bad. oh, good. you sound a bit better. is everything 0k? i've got 16 people now. 10 o'clock in the morning, i can phone reg. 2 o'clock in the afternoon, i can found bryan at the home. i never thought that i would do this, never in a million years but i'm thankful i've done it now, and you can talk for ever. and you've just met them. you know? then they look round and they say, "blooming hell, that time's gone quick. we're not strangers now, we're all friends. it's ron. it's all right, it's ron, your mate," when you get on the phone. you know? you think to yourself, "well, that's ok then." it is a wonderful feeling, no doubt about it. i hope it lasts a lot longer.

we took quite a bit about that issue, loneliness on this programme and it is devastating for so many people. it really is a huge problem, one we are going to keep looking at. it is one thing you can affect personally. you can search out people who may not obviously be lonely but they are, it is possible. also the simplest things, say hello to someone, just a smile. if you are affected by any of the issues in that report, you can go online to bbc.co.uk/actionline, where you'll find details of organisations which offer advice and support. actor michaelj fox was diagnosed with parkinson's at the age of 29 but, for the first seven years, he hid it from the world. until recently, he continued to act and even become a best—selling author. i spoke to him about his progression with the disease and how he stays so positive.

it is worth saying, he goes through all sorts of things about how it has affected him over the years and how difficult it has been. he does not shy away. it is a very honest account. there are lighter elements as well, one of which he recently got a new tattoo. it was based on the idea, i gave it a lot of thought. it was new year's eve, 1999 into 2000. it was a big thing. everyone was worried the world was going to end. i saw a turtle, i was swimming with this turtle. where is it? i was swimming with a turtle. the turtle didn't give a damn i was

there. he was going about doing the next great thing. we can see? yes. it is clever. the reason it was so significantly he was 50 when he had it done which is why he had five rings either side. he said he saw a creature who did not care what he just going about his business. had an impact on him. more of that interview later. we were speaking for 15, 20 minutes in all. during the course of the interview, he says, you can see the movement and the parkinson shake going on. there is ebb and flow as his medication kicks in. you see how that works in

practice. he was very happy for that to be seen while you are talking to him. he volunteered the opportunity to get his sleeve and done and have a look at his tattoo. he does touch on other issues like how to keep spirits up more generally. the condition he has been living with for such a long time. we are going to runa for such a long time. we are going to run a longer version of that later in the programme. let's talk about heart racer, former car racer, —— former kart racer to one of the most succesful formula one champions, he is seven time world champion. time now to get the news, travel and weather where you are.

good morning from bbc london. more than 240 knives and weapons have been taken off the streets as part of operation sceptre — a national initiatve to crack down on knife crime. this is one of the knives recovered as part of the operation, which saw officers from across the metropolitan police take part in weapon sweeps, patrols and early—morning raids. the pandemic has made londoners more disillusioned with city life than people in other major european centres, new research suggests. a survey of over 5,000 residents across london, paris, madrid, berlin and milan showed that half of those questioned in the uk capital complained that amenities were too far away compared with their european counterparts. london's air ambulance has launched an urgent charity appeal in the run up to christmas. the service is estimating that it stands to lose five million pounds in income over the next three years as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. it's now calling on the public to support its ‘london christmas mission' by helping to raise much—needed funds. a world war two veteran is marking his 100th birthday

with a fundraising effort to save staffjobs at the museum where he volunteers. ron green has helped out at the dehavilland aircraft museum since his wife died in 2015. but with a sharp fall in visitors due to covid their funding has fallen too. so far he's raised £26,000. if you've lived 74 years with somebody and they go, you have something missing in your life. and to me, when i found the museum could be something that i could take an interest in life again. let's take a look at the travel situation now. all lines running well apart from severe delays on the hammersmith and city line. greater anglia services in and out of liverpool street are disrupted following track problems, also affecting

the sta nsted express. westbound traffic on the a13 is building from dagenham into barking. now the weather. good morning. not feeling especially cold this morning. we have, however, got a north—westerly breeze on the temperature isn't going to get much warmer through the course of the day. that north—westerly breeze. to blow in some showers and there might be one or two brighter spells first thing but then cloud and showers moving through, filling through the afternoon so we should see lengthy spells of sunshine with just the risk of one or two further showers but the temperatures today between eight and 11 celsius, so feeling quite chilly and when you factor in the wind, it will feel colder. clear skies tonight means the temperature will drop down into low single figures. central london around three orfour, but figures. central london around three or four, but away from that, we could get down as low as one celsius, so a chilly start tomorrow but a bright start and we should see

sunshine the next front arrives through the course of friday, a warm front bringing more cloud and rain through friday afternoon but milder airforthe through friday afternoon but milder airfor the weekend. i'm back with the latest from the bbc london newsroom in half an hour. there's been more positive news about coronavirus vaccines, after pfizer and biontech released more data which suggested their vaccine is 94% effective in over—65s. it appears to work equally well with people of all ages and ethnicities, according to the new data. let's discuss this with gp, dr rosemary leonard. good to have you with us. how are you? fine, thank you. what do you make of all of this extra positive, it appears, news about the vaccines? fabulous. it's fabulous, it's good news on what we want to hear because

really the only way we are going to get out of this pandemic is by vaccination, mass vaccination. so shall we break down what we know at the moment? for example, we have spoken to you about how gps are going to be able to administer it and staffing issues and nurses, and may be pharmacies, but the practicalities of storing the vaccines and there was concern because one has to be kept at lower than freezing temperature, —70, perhaps. what about the practicality and has anything been done towards helping gps being able to store it? to be honest, on the ground, we still don't quite know how we will give this. we were told to have plans ready by tuesday, by this week, about how we would give it, but really the timescale has been, if i'm honest, too short. when you're talking about a vaccine stored in dry ice then delivered to vaccination centres, and we gather that we have a few days and once it

comes out of dry ice we can put it ina comes out of dry ice we can put it in a standard medical fridge and comes out of dry ice we can put it in a standard medicalfridge and it will last a few days, but even so, they are coming in batches of 975 in a thermal pizza box, if you like, so the logistics of giving this are mammoth for that particular vaccine. particularly when you talk about having to go into care homes, and the most vulnerable people are of course housebound, so we will have to go round and give it to them. it's a huge task and now we are hearing stjohn's ambulance will be helping us out. it really isn't clear how we are going to be doing this. sorry to interrupt, but we would have had to do that with the flu jab, so is the main sticking point the storage element? it's the storage element and flu jabs we do anyway, but it's the storage element and also getting this done so quickly. because normally with the flu jab, we give them over two

months and we can store them in our fridge and we can do it and go round gradually, but with this we will have to put all of the resources into giving all of these vaccine straightaway and we still have to carry on being gps. we can't stop caring for people who have got cancer or heart disease. we have to carry on doing our basic work and we cannot abandon that. can you give us a quick word, because people will be thinking, 0k, a quick word, because people will be thinking, ok, if, when, this comes, the light at the end of the tunnel, the light at the end of the tunnel, the practicalities are is it's not just one jab, is it? no, with all of them you have to have two jabs a few weeks apart. we are not exactly sure how many weeks apart. and the other thing is we are trying to ramp up giving all of ourflu thing is we are trying to ramp up giving all of our flu jabs because you cannot be giving the covid vaccine within a week of the flu jab, so we have to get those given. the other reality is that it does look like there is good news because

it looks like the vaccines are going to be ready to go for approval. they are not approved yet by the medicines regulatory authority but the authorities have been doing a rolling review, so the moment the data is in, they are ready to look at it, but there are not suddenly going to be millions of vaccines waiting to be given to everybody. they will be coming out drip by drip, in batches. we won't have enough for everybody. doctor leonard, you always follow the programme closely and we have known you for years and you will know that this week we are looking at the issue of loneliness and you might have seen us talking to ron early on andi have seen us talking to ron early on and i talk about this because christmas is coming up and there is the debate now about, with no official comment from the government, about whether christmas is almost time off from lockdown and the consequences of that in terms of the consequences of that in terms of the virus spreading and subsequent lockdown is. what are people saying

to you that they want or they are inclined to do? on the ground, people are saying they are going to see my family, particularly older people are saying if it's the last christmas i will have for whatever reason, i will spend christmas i will have for whatever reason, iwill spend it christmas i will have for whatever reason, i will spend it with my family and not going to spend it at home. so i think it makes sense to say that families can meet, and we have to look at what we call non—covid harms, that is the mental health harms being done and other health harms being done and other health harms being done and other health harms being done by people being stuck on their own. i feel strongly it should be officially allowed for people to meet at christmas otherwise they will do it anyway. what about the counter argument which i have to put to you, that one day of freedom equals three or five days, the that one day of freedom equals three orfive days, the progression that one day of freedom equals three or five days, the progression of the virus going back or the containment backin virus going back or the containment back in this country by three or five days. that means deaths, illnesses, more time in hospital and

more pressure on the nhs. yes, there are arguments both ways. and i accept that. but i think you will find older people will say, i want to be with my family at christmas andi to be with my family at christmas and i know there are others that say what is so special about christmas? why should you be together at christmas and we just have to get through this? but we don't exactly know, and the estimates of three or five days more lockdown, i think eve ryo ne five days more lockdown, i think everyone accepts we are going to be ina everyone accepts we are going to be in a tiered system anyway through january, but i think loneliness is a major issue and we need to look at that as well as covid infection. doctor rosemary leonard, good to talk to you. thanks very much. mike, good morning. tell us what is going on. the end of the latest round of the relations league. we know the four finalists, and this the relations league. we know the fourfinalists, and this is the relations league. we know the four finalists, and this is separate from the european championships and

world cup. no home nations interested in the finals next year, but a great night for wales. wales beat finland to gain promotion to the top group of the tournament — meaning they'll be mixing with europe's best teams next time around. it also boosts their changes of securing a place in the 2022 world cup play qualifying play offs. the same prize was on offer for scotland — but they lost in isreal. northern ireland were relegated, while england won their dead rubber against iceland. andy swiss rounds up the action. a big night for wales's biggest star. gareth bale's team were facing finland and were soon in control. finland and were soon in control. finland having a player sent off in wales took advantage with gareth bale setting up harry wilson to put the hosts ahead at half—time. and after that, danieljames the hosts ahead at half—time. and after that, daniel james extended their lead in some style. finland did pull one back, but kieffer moore

sealed wales's a 3—1win meaning they finish top of their group and it could mean a play—off spot for the next world cup. not a bad night's work. for scotland, there was disappointment. they also had a chance to top their group at a superb finish from solomon gave israel the lead. and despite some chances, scotland were beaten 1—0 after qualifying for the euros last week, no celebration this time. in belfast meanwhile, around a thousand fa ns belfast meanwhile, around a thousand fans watched northern ireland against romania. the hosts were already relegated from the group but took the lead through liam boyce. they could not hang on though. a late goal from romania secured a 1—1 draw. as for england, they also had only pride at stake against iceland. and they soon found plenty of it. declan rice putting them ahead before mason mount doubled their lead before the interval. it was all very straightforward. two second—half goals from phil foden sealed a 4—0 win. england ending

their autumn sealed a 4—0 win. england ending theirautumn campaign on sealed a 4—0 win. england ending their autumn campaign on a high. so it's back to club football now — but premier league champions liverpool look set to be without mohamed salah, for their next two matches. he's tested positive for coronavirus again. the forward initially tested positive last week, while on international duty with egypt, despite not displaying any symptoms. and the egypt fa say he tested positive again last night. liverpool play leicester on sunday, then atalanta in the champions league next wednesday. (and in cricket — ahead of england's limited overs series, in south africa — three players from the home side are self isolating. cricket south africa, say one tested positive from around 50 tests, but two other players were deemed close contacts. all three — who haven't been named — are not showing any symptoms. the series against england starts a week tomorrow. the pandemic has impacted all sport across the uk, as it was forced to shut down then take place behind closed doors. but later today the government will confirm a rescue package of emergency funding, for those impacted by the loss of crowds. both rugby league and union,

plus horse racing will be among the main beneficiaries. several hundred million pounds will be made available through grants or loans. the premier league and english football league won't benefit however, with the government insisting the sport is wealthy enough to support itself. cricket is also set to miss out. there was an upset at the end of season tennis atp finals in london. world number one novak djokovc was beaten for just the fourth time this year. he lost in straight sets — 6—3, 6—3 — to daniil medvedev who's now into the semi—finals. djokovic plays alexander zverev, tomorrow, with the winner guaranteed to make the last four. world number seven zverev meanwhile came through his match against diego schwartzman, winning in three sets — 6-3, 4-6, 6-3.. that's all from me, don't we have something special coming up. sally has been chatting to the most

successful, formula one driver of all time, lewis hamilton,his 7th world title. he has done so much away from sport as well, pioneering diversity and leading the fight against racial injustice and has done things his way. i love the story about his dog, roscoe. he has put him on a vegan dietand roscoe. he has put him on a vegan diet and says it has helped his health and breathing. but he has had criticism for that. you naturally think that dogs are meat eaters, don't you? i watched that race. he wasn't in the fastest car. he had a lot of adversity to overcome but still won by a country mile. you saw his tyres at the end, they were like slicks. and he is such a team player. i have a mate who works at mercedes and he involves everybody in the winning, notjust about him, all the mechanics, everybody. looking forward to that interview. less tha n looking forward to that interview. less than that. don't go away.

it's time for a weather update. carol is at blenheim palace this morning. she is an outstanding location this morning. all lit up especially. it is beautiful here and good morning everybody. i am here because we have an exclusive sneak preview at the beautiful lights, so let's find out a bit more about the illuminated trail from heather carter, who is director of operations here at blenheim palace. good morning. it is cold? i would call it fresh. i call it baltic. we have seen these beautiful lights this morning that they are different this morning that they are different this year. tell us about them. absolutely amazing and i walked the trail last night with the production team and it looks fantastic, full of colour, very sparkly, giant hearts, the cathedral of light but we had to design it in a way to keep people safe, so you walk through the garden and it is amazing. there is no christmas market this year. no, unfortunately no christmas market and the palace is not deemed but it's open in the daytime with some

lovely trees. but the light trail is stunning. it is so much better than ever before. we have this fantastic light show in the it to life and it isjust amazing. you have to book before you come down and you have to apply the covid restrictions. how are you going to enforce that? are there bottlenecks? we have designed it so there are no touching points and as you walk through the installation there is nothing to slow you down. there are lovely photo moments but you are on the move as you do it, so it is a look and wave and move on and i think father christmas is going to appear as well. i might have a look and see if we can find him. thank you so much, heather. it's cold this morning and to give you an idea of the temperature contrast, yesterday in north—east scotland the maximum temperature was 15 degrees and today in the same place it is more likely to be4 in the same place it is more likely to be 4 degrees, and 11 degrees drop and not everywhere will have that kind of drop but it is cold. the

forecast for today, a cold wind, and also sunshine and showers and some of the showers overnight have been wintry across parts of scotland and through the morning we could see winter venus in the southern uplands and also across the pennines. mostly on high ground, and that's because we have a weather front sinking southwards and behind it we have a northerly wind. the weather front is producing some showers and eventually they will become confined to parts of the southeast and high pressure will build in from the west. so the gusty winds we have this morning will ease and many of the showers will ease and a lot of us the showers will ease and a lot of us will have a sunny day with just the odd shower here and there. temperatures, we are looking at a range of four in aberdeen to ten for example in london, but when you add on the effect of the wind chill, in aberdeen it will feel more like —1 and london not quite as cold, about seven. as we head through the evening and overnight, clear skies to start in eastern areas but the

cloud building from the west with showers and by the end of the night we have rain coming in from northern ireland, wales and south—west england. here it will not be as cold but look at the temperatures in the east. they are below freezing. tomorrow, we pick up the cloud and the rain and it will move across all areas through the course of the day and temperatures will go up as a result but they still won't be as high in eastern areas and behind that band of rain there will be a lot of cloud and murkiness, misty in the hills with drizzle but temperature is recovering in western areas. temperatures will actually go up areas. temperatures will actually go up in the east, overnight friday into saturday, and on saturday itself we have a weak weather from which is sinking south, taking patchy light rain and cloud with it. behind it, we are looking at sunshine and also showers and still quite windy as well across the north west. temperatures back into double figures for most. 0n west. temperatures back into double figures for most. on sunday in the south it looks like it will be cloudy but behind that sunshine and showers and temperatures by then a

little lower, closer to where they should be at this time of year. carol can do no wrong today. let's lay out the scene. he becomes seven time world champion in formula 1, how long to think it takes to come down from that. a long time. that is what lewis hamilton has been doing. he's been speaking to sally about his next steps. unsurprisingly, he was in very good spirits. 0h. do i need to let him know? 0h, hang on. it's me chatting. sorry, lewis, ididn't let you in very quickly there. hello. hi. sorry to keep you waiting. lewis hamilton, seven times world champion, congratulations on that incredible achievement at the weekend. how does it feel now you've had a couple of days

to get used to the idea? thank you. i've definitely not got used to it. i think it's always just a privilege when people mention it. i've had more messages than i've ever had in my entire life. the loveliest messages. some of the nicest people. some of them super incredible people. go on. drop me some names. tell me who has sent you messages. what i will say is the royal family posted a message, which was, i mean, wow. i wasjust... every time i was shown... i saw someone on my social media saying who had posted about me. to see the royal family do a personal post, i think that was, for me, that was the most, one of the biggest honours i feel like i've experienced. you know the queen quite well though, don't you, lewis? i believe — did you sit next to her at lunch once? is that right? how did that go? best lunch with her. it was amazing. one of the butlers, i think,

stepped on the dog. ijust always remember this dog yelling out because someone stepped on him accidentally. but it was amazing. how important is it to get that recognition when you have worked so hard for so many years? in all honesty, i don't do it for recognition. i trained my whole life. the most important when i got out of the race and when i got home was talking to... facetiming my sister, my brother, my mum, and my niece and nephew. speaking to my dad and step mum linda, that's all i need. if there's any recognition, or acknowledgement, actually it's the best when your parent tells you that they're proud. what was the first thing he said to you when you spoke to him after the race? he said, "i knew you would do it." he always does. before all the races, he would message me

"i know you can do it." of course there are these races, like on sunday, where there has got to have been a moment of doubt. "ok, this doesn't look like it's going well" but it happened. he's always like, "i knew you do it." you manage come in that moment, when you cross the line, to deliver a really powerful message over the radio. just remind everybody what you said in that moment because it was really special. kids out there who dream the impossible, do not give up on that dream because i am living proof that you can manifest your dreams. even the impossible ones. i remember as a kid, adults, teachers, parents of other drivers and youngsters telling me that i would not make it, you're not good enough, there's no way you're going to make it, go back to your country. all these horrible things. and i remember i'm going to prove you wrong. really i think the message was for all the kids out there who may be feeling they don't have a voice, may be dreaming

something, or want to dream big. what's next, lewis? i would love to say i want to be here. i still feel young, i still feel energised and i still feel hungry. what still crazy is, yes, i won their seventh title but we have another big fight to win, and that's for racial equality across the board. and diversity within my sport, which i thought i would have helped shiftjust by being here. i realise that's not the case. lots of industries now work to have an ideal number of people of colour within their company. should formula 1 be looking to do that like lots of places do now? i think that's a difficult question to answer because. . . you want people to earn the position, you know. no—one wants to be handed... we don't want to create a position, force these teams to hire minorities

for the sake of filling a space. we want to create an opportunity where those individuals are actually educated and have earned the right, if you understand what i mean. it's also non—biased hiring. you say it's not enough for you just to be there at the top of the sport. what more can you do? i want to find out what the real problem is first so we can fix it efficiently. i'm working with the royal academy of engineering in london. we've got this incredible commission. some of the great people, they're academics. some people working on the ground in black communities, some in politics. and it's trying to... this research we are doing is trying to understand why there is a lack of young black kids applying for stem subjects, what are the barriers? lots of people here in the uk would like you to be sir lewis hamilton. how much of an honour would that be one day if it came?

like everyone, i've grown up adoring the royal family. if one day i am honoured to be in front of the queen again... it would be the happiest day ever, obviously to see her again because she's an icon, such an incredible individual. lewis, i have to ask you, over the last few months, what have you been doing to keep yourself motivated and entertained? have you, like the rest of us, been doing zoom quizzes? i don't even know that is. lucky you is all i can say. lewis, there is one constant in your life. you know who i'm talking about, don't you? roscoe... where is roscoe? he's right here. my goodness!

what the... what a fine, fine, handsome dog roscoe is. has he been keeping you sane? you know what's crazy, buskay used to be 30 kilos and i've put him vegan this year. i'vejust taken him on an hour walk each morning on a beach. lewis, i think he's about to jump on the bed. now you see... fit as a vegan dog. he's great. he's the best. i take roscoe everywhere with me now. i don't really want him to leave my side, i want to maximise every moment i can with him, so he is at all the races. it's crazy because when i leave in the morning, the motor home, he's

always up. i come back, no matter what day you've had, it's a happiest moment to see your dog. it's just unconditional love, you know. he is so gorgeous. lewis, one of the other things, of course you're very well known for is your fashion sense. oh, thank you. i know this is a very tidy zoom shot, and either side of it, the contents of your wardrobe are around. would you get me an example of your loudest, fanciest shirt? my loudest, fanciest shirt. i've got one here. this is quite loud. whoa! i love it. i've onlyjust got this though. this was just sent to me. it says good luck on it. yes. but i do have a problem. i love colours. that's not a problem. it's been a momentous, momentous yearfor you. how are you going to celebrate it?

what are you going to do? so time with friends and family are the most important, so creating memories. if i get to... if we get to start travelling more, taking my family somewhere and creating memories with them. celebrating with them is just being around them. this year i've not been able to see them. that's been the hardest. so does that mean that any new contract you might sign with mercedes, maybe what you would need to do is build—in more time for yourself? potentially. that's always going to be... that's always part of the conversation. i need more time. this year has shown for example that you can work from home. i'm sure there will be a lot of zoom dates in the contract other than actual present days, which means i have to fly less, which is good.

have we just got a scoop there, lewis? yes. it's brilliant to talk to you. thanks so much for your time. it's been lovely. that is interesting. seven time world champion that he needs time away from work. he is managing the way he works. with the really big sports stars, there is the thing you know, they have a ferocious determination to win and yet they are super calm and chilled when you talk to them. it is always the same. they have that thing. when he says, it doesn't matter what people think that when your mum and dad tell you you had done well, that is what matters. time now to get the news, travel and weather where you are. good morning from bbc london. i'm victoria hollins. more than 240 knives and weapons have been taken off the streets as part of operation sceptre —

a national initiatve to crack down on knife crime. this is one of the knives recovered as part of the operation, which saw officers from across the metropolitan police take part in weapon sweeps, patrols and early—morning raids. the pandemic has made londoners more disillusioned with city life than people in other major european centres, new research suggests. a survey of over 5,000 residents across london, paris, madrid, berlin and milan showed that half of those questioned in the uk capital complained that amenities were too far away as well having further to travel to get to open spaces compared with their european counterparts. london's air ambulance has launched an urgent charity appeal in the run up to christmas. the service is estimating that it stands to lose £5 million in income over the next three years as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. it's now calling on the public to support its ‘london christmas mission' by helping to raise much—needed funds.

a world war two veteran is marking his 100th birthday with a fundraising effort to save staffjobs at the museum where he volunteers. ron green has helped out at the dehavilland aircraft museum since his wife died in 2015. but with a sharp fall in visitors due to covid their funding has fallen too. so far he's raised £26,000. if you've lived 74 years with somebody and they go, you have something missing in your life. and to me, when i found the museum could be something where i could take an interest in life again. let's take a look at the travel situation now. 0n the tube there are severe delays on the hammersmith and city line. greater anglia services in and out of liverpool st disrupted following track problems — also affecting

the stansted express westbound traffic on the a13 is building from dagenham into barking. now the weather with kate kinsella. good morning. not feeling especially cold this morning. we have, however, got a north—westerly breeze and the temperature isn't going to get much warmer through the course of the day. that north—westerly breeze will start to blow in some showers and there might be one or two brighter spells first thing but then cloud and showers moving through, filling through the afternoon so we should see lengthy spells of sunshine with just the risk of one or two further showers but the temperatures today between eight and 11 celsius, so feeling quite chilly and when you factor the wind, it will feel colder. clear skies tonight means the temperature will drop down into low single figures. central london around three or four, but away from that, we could get down as low as one celsius, so a chilly start tomorrow but a bright start and we should see sunshine but the next front arrives

through the course of friday, a warm front bringing more cloud and rain through friday afternoon but milder airfor the weekend. i'm back with the latest from the bbc london newsroom in half an hour. now though it's back to charlie and naga. good morning. welcome to breakfast with naga munchetty and charlie stayt. 0ur headlines today. a team in oxford says trials of its coronavirus vaccine have shown a ‘promising immune response' in people over 60. an extra £4 billion a year for the next four years. the government gives the uk military its biggest spending boost in three decades. the careers curbed before they've really begun. bbc research shows the number of apprenticeships in england ending in redundancy jumped during lockdown. and there are worries many more will follow. walesjoin europe's elite. and their victory over finland, could also lead to a play—off spot for the next world cup in 2022.

good morning from blenheim palace where we have an exclusive sneak preview of the illuminated light trail this morning. it's a cold start to the day where ever you are with a northerly wind, if you showers but we should see sunshine developed through the course of the morning on the winds will ease down. more details in ten minutes. it's thursday 19th november. our top story. scientists working on the oxford university coronavirus vaccine say the findings are "encouraging", as they publish their latest data this morning. results from phase 2 of the trial show the vaccine produces a strong immune response in both older and younger participants, raising hopes that it can protect the age groups most at risk from the virus. our health correspondent, naomi grimley has more. more encouraging news after weeks of

upsetting headlines. oxford university says its vaccine is well tolerated in older adults, and crucially, that it induces a robust immune response, similar to that found in younger people. there are three stages to vaccine trials. these results come from the middle stage, phase two. researchers were studying 560 uk volunteers. 240 of whom were over the age of 70. but we are still waiting for oxford's phase three results, the most comprehensive stage which involved some 30,000 participants in the us, the uk, brazil and south africa. oxford may be trailing the two other vaccine candidates, pfizer and moderna, which are moving to being approved by regulators but still great hopes are pinned on the team at the university's institute. the oxford vaccine is expected to be

easier to manufacture on a worldwide scale than the other two, and together with its pharmaceutical partner, astrazeneca, the university is committed to making hundreds of millions of doses available to the developing world. naomi grimley, bbc news. the largest military investment in 30 years will be announced by the prime minister later today. the defence budget will increase by £4 billion annually, over the next four years and will be partly used to fund space and cyber defence projects. our political correspondent leila nathoo is in westminster this morning. lots of money here, so what is the application of that regarding savings elsewhere? we are still in that week where the prime minister wanted to move on from the turmoil in 10 downing street by setting out some big ideas, so we had the greenjobs announcement yesterday and now we have more money for the military. this will be seen as a win for the

ministry of defence to get the money promised over four years because next week the chancellor is going to set out his spending review across all government departments and that will only cover the next year because of all the coronavirus uncertainty so it will be seen as significant that the mod is getting a longer term spending deal. why is defence being prioritised ? a longer term spending deal. why is defence being prioritised? the government says that the military needs money to adapt to new threats and it will boostjobs and create jobs and boost britain's standing in the world. i think people will see that, clearly, in the context of huge government spending on coronavirus that there will be difficult choices ahead for the chancellor given the hammering the economy has taken, but i think it's fairto economy has taken, but i think it's fair to say that because money is being spent on defence it will not being spent on defence it will not be forthcoming elsewhere. thanks for taking us through that. the united states has become the first country in the world to record more than a quarter of a million deaths from coronavirus. a growing number of states have announced new restrictions

to try to limit the spread of the disease. meanwhile the uk recorded 529 deaths, within 28 days of a positive result — taking the death toll here to over 53,000. let's talk to our north america correspondent, peter bowes. morning, peter. all eyes have been on politics recently in america, but one thing thatis recently in america, but one thing that is not changing, and if anything is getting worse, is the problem with coronavirus. yes, it is a vacuum in many senses, politically in this country at the moment with joe biden getting experts around him but not having access to the information that the donald trump administration has about the coronavirus and all of the time the number of cases are increasing quite steeply around the country, about 10% more today than this time last week in 47 states, and that grim milestone of a quarter of a million people having died since the

beginning of the pandemic. and yes, restrictions are being imposed again in major cities, those densely populated places like new york and boston and detroit. the schools are being closed in california, where we are at the highest level of restrictions, really turning the clock back to the summer months when things were particularly bad in california. and next week it is the thanksgiving holiday in america which is traditionally a time when americans can travel far and wide to be with their families to celebrate that day, but the medical experts are bluntly saying, cancel thanksgiving this year. peter, thank you. the duke of cambridge says a new investigation into how the bbc secured an interview with his mother in 1995 is "a step in the right direction". the corporation has promised to "get to the truth" about the events surrounding the panorama interview with princess diana. lord dyson, one of the country's most senior retired judges has been appointed to lead the inquiry.

a doctor whose twins were delivered while she was in a coma with covid—19 says she struggled to believe they were hers when she awoke two weeks later. perpetual uke , who's a hospital consultant in birmingham, is now recovering at home with her baby son, pascal, and daughter, palmer. they were delivered by caesarean section atjust 26 weeks old in april. so she was in a coma, and the babies we re so she was in a coma, and the babies were delivered, and she woke up two weeks later and there they are. and all is well now, that's the important thing. really good news. congratulations. it's time for the weather. carol is at blenheim palace this morning. ican i can see it is nippy, because you arejumping around, but it's also quite festive, isn't it? bright and

colourful. putting you in a great mood there? absolutely. very festive this morning on good morning everyone. we are here for a sneak preview, an exclusive one at that, of the illuminated light trail and where i am standing in the great court she would normally have the christmas market but because of covid that is not happening for the first time and it's hoped it will be back again next year, but it gives the opportunity to light up the palace. look at that. it is quite stunning and quite festive as well. it takes 5000 crew hours to rig up the christmas at blenheim palace with more than 35,000 metres of cabling, and the light trail goes around all of the beautiful gardens here using over1 million of the beautiful gardens here using over 1 million lights. of the beautiful gardens here using over1 million lights. so the lake is lit up, the waterfall cascade is lit up, and you can see father christmas as well, the heart—shaped

little balls, mistletoe, the works. but it's not open until the 3rd of december, running till the end of january and closed on christmas day, but you have to book and covid rules apply. a cold start to the day and coal generally across the board with a northerly wind, but the wind is easing through the course of the day and we are looking at some sunshine and we are looking at some sunshine and showers. we have showers around this morning and it will be wintry in parts of scotland through the course of the night as the weather front slip south and we will see wintry notes in the hills of the pennines, but high pressure is building in from the west and most of the showers will fade and the wind will ease as well, but it will feel cold and temperatures seven in london but adding to the windshield, you will feel more like —1 in aberdeen and we are looking at seven to 10 degrees as we move further south. as we head through the evening, you will find we start with clear skies in the east, showers in

the west and then the weather front brings in rain, bringing rain across northern ireland, wales and the south—west. temperature is not as low as they will be further east where it will be below freezing. tomorrow the cloud and rain will advance from the west towards the east through the course of the day and behind the band of rain we return to a lot of cloud, and murky conditions as well with drizzle in the hills and misty conditions. and it won't be until we get to friday evening that we see the temperatures rise in eastern areas. in the jazz hands gloves. can you give us some jazz hands gloves? there you go. i'm not very good at it but i will show you the glitter on the other side. you can tell it's getting chilly when carol has the gloves on. thank you, see you later on. a vaccine has always been the light at the end of the covid—19 tunnel, and this week the reality seemed to move a little closer.

developers pfizer—biontech and moderna both announced a near 95% success rate for their vaccines. and as we've been hearing, the oxford university team have described their latest findings as "encouraging." we're joined now by epidemiologist dr mike tildesley and us vaccine developer, dr kate broderick. good morning to you both and thank you forjoining us. mike, we should start with both of you, just finding your reaction to the news we have had that the oxford vaccine has a higher percentage of effectiveness. what should people be taking away from this? obviously this is really good news and for us in the uk, the oxford vaccine will be one of hopefully the key game changers for us hopefully the key game changers for us and we know we have acquired 100 million doses of the oxford vaccine which given it will be a two dose vaccine would give us enough doses,

with the other vaccine doses we've acquired from other companies, to hopefully reach that magic herd immunity so it's really good news. the key thing now going forward is those vaccines getting regulatory approval and moving forward to production. we know it will take a bit of time. it won't be an instant getting back to normal and it does need to be ramped up and we need to be initially targeting the vulnerable, the elderly and people with underlying health conditions and of course the key workers and then rolling out on a larger basis, but it will take a little bit of time before we gradually eased back to normal, hopefully in the relatively early stages of next year. that will be the application for us, but k broderick, you work in terms of developing pharmaceuticals and the like, so you will understand that when oxford says it is phase two and gives this success rate, how significant is that in terms of development? i think the data sounds very promising and in fact it has

been an amazing week this week for vaccine development in general. i think really we hope that people see this as a true achievement and a real sign that we have a solution to this problem, so the data overall from all of the firms that have presented so far is very exciting and encouraging. so why is phase two important? phase two is the second of three steps that you work towards to get your vaccine approved, so in the phase two trial, the oxford team have tested quite a large number of subjects, i believe 560, and they have looked to see if it is safe and does it produce the right kind of immune response, and from the data released today, it looks very encouraging. just pick up for us, and you did mention at a moment ago, one of the really important discoveries and there are a lot along the way is about how these

vaccines will help older people, and there are concerns, and maybe you can explain more, because there have been concerns that they might not have the effect we were hoping for. can you go through that for us? yes. this is one of the concerns and we had recent promising results with the pfizer vaccine, the first one that declared what its efficacy was last week, suggesting that the immunity levels in older people were round about 94%, which is really good. this is very, very important because we know that the older you are, the more likely you are to have symptoms and sadly died from the disease, so having a high efficacy in older people is really important so we can get that vaccine to those people as rapidly as possible and we can provide them with some level of immunity, so what it does is that if we can show there is a high level of immunity in older people, it can

inform the response and means the optimal thing to do is we get the vaccine out of these more vulnerable people first and in a relatively short term, if we get those people vaccinated in high numbers, what it will do is even though the virus will do is even though the virus will still be around in the population, it will mean that hopefully many fewer people will develop severe disease and sadly died from it, so that is the really key thing going forward, that we can protect those people even as we start to ramp up production and get it rolled out. you are involved in developing a vaccine yourself. can you tell us about the practicalities of the testing process and the numbers of people involved and how closely you monitor them to work out whether it works out or not? that is key to the process. for some people are looking at the process, it might seem it is

going very fast but i want to reassure you that every vaccine developer working on covid—19 at the moment is doing so under the auspices of all the checks and bala nces auspices of all the checks and balances that would be in place under any other circumstance. you normally start clinical testing and what we call phase one, a small, clinical trial, maybe tens, what we call phase one, a small, clinicaltrial, maybe tens, up what we call phase one, a small, clinical trial, maybe tens, up to 100 people and healthy people. just check to see the vaccine is safe and generating the right kind of immune responses. then we move to phase two, the phase of testing we are at with the company i work for and then you expand that to a larger number of people, usually into the hundreds, and you ask the same questions about safety and whether people who have the vaccine creating the right kind of antibodies, the right kind of t cell responses we

hope to be effective against disease. if that is promising, we moved to the phase three part of clinical testing, a really large trial usually involving many thousands of people and you ask the all—important question about efficacy. what i mean by that is, does your vaccine actually protect people from the disease? that the final stage of whether you are able to say whether the vaccine works or not. with all of these vaccines out there and so many companies are racing to get one out, there is the aspect of saving human lives, of course, and also the business aspect and the cost of it. how easy is it to be able to say to people because ican to be able to say to people because i can afford this vaccine although it seems too expensive for the nhs. how ethical is it that is available privately? this is obviously a real

concern and something we do need to tackle. we do need to make sure that when vaccines are available they are available for everybody. this is something we look at as a epidemiologist, what is the best way to target these vaccines when they do become available? my personal opinion is we should have a situation, when we have them available, we are targeting them not at the people who can afford them but at the people who are most vulnerable and develop a strategy to get us as close as possible to herd immunity as rapidly as possible. we know there has been among some people are reluctance to have a vaccine given the speed of development. i would say it is really important to get a high level of u pta ke really important to get a high level of uptake and when it is available so we can reach had immunity that is crucial at this point. when you look at what any government can afford to pay for, when a decision is made,

will it be down to which is the most effective, the cheapest of the most available? we had to realise when it comes to cost, notjust short—term cost but long—term cost benefits, this is one of the key things. with any control policy for an infectious disease, we know lockdown is costly but we know if we do not lockdown there are other class, notjust human lives but health costs as well for these things. what we are trying to do is develop an optimal policy that, in some ways, it minimises the overall cost. not just the that, in some ways, it minimises the overall cost. notjust the cost of the vaccine but what would be their cast further down the line if we didn't have an optimal vaccine policy and terms of not necessarily reaching herd immunity as rapidly as possible and having other because by having to have further intervention measures later. it is really important that the vaccine is delivered in the most optimal cost

effective way. i can understand from a business point of view i seeks pharmaceuticals to develop their own vaccines in a number of different countries. from the outside looking m, countries. from the outside looking in, some people might think, why was there not just one in, some people might think, why was there notjust one question that the vaccine is delivered in the most optimal cost effective way. i can understand from a business point of view i seeks pharmaceuticals to develop their own vaccines in a number of different countries. from the outside looking in, some people might think, why was there notjust one? if one was by the sounds of it, slightly ahead of where you are in the process. —— pfizer. why not? that is a great question. what we had to remember is there are almost 8 billion people on the globe. until we wipe out this virus, we are all still potentially possible to be infected. when you are thinking about vaccinating potentially that number of people, having multiple vaccines with different elements we re vaccines with different elements were different characteristics to them is really the best idea. having

a portfolio of vaccines that might work well for young people, ones which might work well for elderly people or vaccines which might work well in more developing situations where access to electricity might be a problem, for instance in some parts of africa. having a variety of different vaccines really is your best bet, how did the idea of not putting all your eggs in one basket, spreading out the risk of making sure you can cover it and come to a fully global solution for this awful pandemic. we notice your scottish accent, of course. we know you are working in the usa. good luck with the work you are doing and we will speak to again in the coming weeks and months to see how is doing. thank you. let's talk to nina. i really feel... so many people are struggling in s

pandemic but to be young and less pandemic. you have university stu d e nts pandemic. you have university students who are not getting the education and experience they thought they beget and then those who decided to go out to get an apprenticeship and now they seem to to be going away and fading fast. the numbers who have lost theirjobs over this period is much higher under the age of 25 than any other category. more evidence today of the impact covid is having on young people's futures. apprenticeships are a crucial career route for thousands of people. they are paid jobs that come with training. partly in the workplace, and partly in college. so they are part government—funded but wholly reliant on businesses being in a position to take them on and keep them on. between march and july this year, nearly 60,000 new apprentices started in england. that's nearly 50% down on the same period a year earlier. but even more worrying.

new figures seen by the bbc show that during that first lockdown over 1,000 apprentices in england were made redundant. that's two thirds higher than the same period last year. the organisation that provided these figures says when the full picture of 2020 emerges the true number is likely to be much higher. behind the numbers: people's dream careers coming to an end. we've been talking to one of them. learning a trade. developing confidence. making friends for life. an apprenticeship can provide all of these things. louise took a gamble injanuary, leaving herjob in online payments for a new life as a butcher. then came covid. instead of three years of learning, it was three months of furlough, and then redundancy. i was absolutely devastated. it was something i'd wanted to do since i was very young. i certainly didn't blame the company. it was something that anybody in the same situation would have done. but it was very, very hard to find another placement that

would continue my apprenticeship. that has been really difficult. i have contacted something in the region of around 30 butchers across coventry and warwickshire. there were three who seemed quite keen and once they realised i was over the age of 21, they cooled off quite a lot and i didn't hearfrom them again. for ruth, the dream was to work with children and her nursery apprenticeship also started in january. after two weeks of furlough, she was told her role was no longer required. i was shocked and upset. i've just found what could be a potential career path and now it's all going to go soon. it was really shocking and sad. i've got pressure with rent, food. i was really upset. so much pressure on me. i'm only 23. you know, made redundant for the first time. this crisis is not over yet. how can young people start walking down the right career path when employers have no idea what the future holds?

we all thought during the summer that by now we might be starting to see a return to recruitment for a lot of those businesses but reality is that is not now the case and we are in a second national lockdown. it means plans are kind of paused and people can't really see sight of when that's coming back at this stage. louise has finally found a job on a farm and ruth is working in a care home. but they are two of so many, whose futures are slipping further away from what they were a few short months ago. good news for ruth and louise that they've found some work but it moves them away from where they want to be, and won't give them a qualification. so what can be done? firms in wales are being offered £3,000 if they take on apprentices. in england it's £2,000. and in scotland and northern ireland they are working with firms to try and protect young people's careers.

it has been really interesting. people have been getting in touch this morning about apprenticeships. lisa runs a beauty salon in caerphilly. at the moment she cannot afford to take them on because in the salon she is spending so much money on ppe. full another got in touch. her daughter is 20 and due to start an apprenticeship this month. she is worried about her mental health and well—being. perry says she really sympathises with young people but she is 52. she has been let go in a job she has been in for 19 years. she says starting from the bottom at 52 is really worrying. we can look at this issue at least for the moment. difficult for businesses to predict what happens next and know how many people they can take on at the moment. time now to get the news, travel and weather where you are.

good morning from bbc london. i'm victoria hollins. more than 240 knives and weapons have been taken off the streets as part of operation sceptre — a national initiatve to crack down on knife crime. this is one of the knives recovered as part of the operation, which saw officers from across the metropolitan police take part in weapon sweeps, patrols and early—morning raids. the mayor has announced a £10 million investment in green projects, which he says will support 1,000 jobs. the green new deal will support iniatives like tackling emissions from london's buildings, encouraging green transport, and boosting businesses in the green economy. the pandemic has made londoners more disillusioned with city life than people in other major european centres, new research suggests. a survey of over 5,000 residents across london, paris, madrid, berlin and milan showed that half of those questioned in the uk capital complained that amenities were too far away as well having further to travel to get to open

spaces compared with their european counterparts. a ww2 veteran is marking his 100th birthday with a fundraising effort to save staffjobs at the museum where he volunteers. ron green has helped out at the dehavilland aircraft museum since his wife died in 2015. but with a sharp fall in visitors due to covid their funding has fallen too. so far he's raised £26,000. if you've lived 74 years with somebody and they go, you have something missing in your life. and to me, when i found the museum could be something where i could take an interest in life again. let's take a look at the travel situation now. on the tube the hammersmith and city line is part suspended. greater anglia services in and out of liverpool street disrupted following track problems and it's also affecting the sta nsted express.

northbound traffic on the blackwall tunnel southern approach is slow from the woolwich road flyover. now the weather with kate kinsella. good morning. not feeling especially cold this morning. we have, however, got a north—westerly breeze and the temperature isn't going to get much warmer through the course of the day. that north—westerly breeze will start to blow in some showers and there might be one or two brighter spells first thing but then cloud and showers moving through, filling through the afternoon so we should see lengthy spells of sunshine with just the risk of one or two further showers but the temperatures today between eight and 11 celsius, so feeling quite chilly and when you factor in the wind, it will feel colder. clear skies tonight means the temperature will drop down into low single figures. central london around three or four, but away from that, we could get down as low as one celsius, so a chilly start tomorrow but a bright start and we should see sunshine but the next front arrives

through the course of friday, a warm front bringing more cloud and rain through friday afternoon but milder air for the weekend. i'm back with the latest from the bbc london newsroom in half an hour. plenty more on our website at the usual address. now though it's back to charlie and naga. bye for now. hello, this is breakfast with naga munchetty and charlie stayt. scientists working on the oxford university coronavirus vaccine have published their latest findings this morning. they say results from phase 2 of the trial are "encouraging" and show that the vaccine produces a strong immune response in both older and younger participants. it follows developers pfizer—biontech and moderna who both announced a near 95% success rate for their vaccines earlier this week. the prime minister will announce the biggest funding boost to the military in 30 years, later today.

the defence budget will increase by £4 billion annually, over the next four years. the money will be spent on modernising the armed forces and a cyber defence team to tackle the threat of online harm. the government say the plans will create up to 40,000 jobs. the united states has become the first country to record more than a quarter of a million deaths from coronavirus. research from johns hopkins university shows the country has more than 11 million cases in total. the us health secretary said he expects to have 40 million doses of vaccines ready to distribute by the end of the year. meanwhile the uk has recorded a total of over 53,000 deaths. now for the sport. lots going on. good morning. heady days for wales. on their best run ever and they have won promotion in the nation's league. we'll come to the other home nations in a moment.

but first of all, what a night it was for wales! they've won their nations league group and also boosted their chances of securing a place in the 2022 world cup qualifying play—offs. they did so by beating finland 3—1. harry wilson, danieljames here, and then substitute kieffer moore with the goals. wales are now unbeaten in 11 competitive games for the first time ever. we knew it was a big game going in and the chance for us to get not just to the top league but get the world cup qualifying play—off spot is important because we want to qualify the normal way but it gives you the back—up and a great performance again from the lads tonight but a shame the fans could not be here to share it. a win for scotland in isreal would have secured them the same prize of promotion. but they lost 1—0. manor solomon, with the only goal before half time. and disappointment for northern ireland too. . already relegated from their

group before kick off.. they drew 1—all against romania meaning they ended their campaign bottom and without a win. england knew they couldn't win theirgroup, but it didn't stop them from impressing against iceland, including this manjack grealish who's being compared to a certain paul gascoigne. he didn't score though. it was phil foden who had his scoring boots on, getting two in a 4 nil win, his second was a peach. on his first senior england start at wembley. . . . but it was grealish who was man of the match and here's what he made of those gazza comparisons. i love paul gascoigne and i watched his documentary a million times on netflix, and i loved his character on and off the pitch and i love the way he played football, with such freedom and such joy. way he played football, with such freedom and suchjoy. you know, you hear so many people speak about him and say he was a joy to watch and i think that is the biggest compliment you can have, when people say it is a ivy you can have, when people say it is a joy to watch you, it makes me happy because that's what i want to do. i want to entertain people. he

has got that gascoigne swagger, going from side to side to beat players and it does remind me of him in his pomp, not making them. not meg? what is that? you put the ball through their legs. if i put the ball through your legs, i have not meg to you. even i knew that. there are some people who might not have known that, me included. 734 is the time. as we've been hearing this morning, the prime minister will announce the largest government investment into the military for 30 years. let's talk now to the defence secretary, ben wallace. thank you for your time, and to give people a sense of where the budget lies, the annual budget is around £40 billion per year and you are announcing 16.5 billion extra, around 10% increase, so what do people get for that amount of money in defence? it's16.5 billion over

four years and you get everything from the nuclear deterrent and the maintenance of those submarines that are on patrol and defending the uk, all the way through to the 3000 men and women we see in liverpool delivering massed testing to that city to try and get us through the lockdown and improving on that. you get a british defence diplomacy around the world and i have 90 offices in different countries and you get complimentary foreign aid and assistance. many of the countries abroad, when they want britain, they want our products our aerospace, which is often made in the north—west but they also want our know—how about how to provide security. we have un peacekeepers deployed in africa and we were the first on the scene in lebanon after the explosions, so we are helping friends and allies and projecting our values and our needs and that is why we have a large royal navy able

to protect trade routes because if we cannot train properly then the uk, the businesses suffer considerably, and on top of that you get a very capable intelligence capability and the protection of things like the domains of cyber and space. all of that is what you get for it, and you get hundred 90,000 people employed in the aerospace industry as a result of that, huge amount people across the board and about another 200,000 directly employed by the ministry of defence. some people might say that given the scale of the increase, which is something like 10%, they might be thinking that where is the evidence that the increase needed to be so big? people might understand it needed some money, but where was the evidence? what was wrong that needed that much impetus in terms of cash? first of all i would point people to the national audit office report

that identified quite correctly that this department was carrying a legacy of a £13 billion black hole, and overspend predominantly in the equipment budget which was built on another overspend, which i remember in 2010, we inherited a £34 billion black hole at the time and what was wrong is that for 40 or 30 years when i was serving in the army is that our ambition was never matched by the funding and eventually that catches up with you, so when i looked out the armed forces today i saw them with equipment that was out of date, adversaries across the world having better equipment or the ability to attack us and harm us, getting wider and wider from ability to attack us and harm us, getting wider and widerfrom our capabilities and when that happens, time runs out and you need to modernise your forces and sometimes let go of some older capabilities and that takes money in order to first of all create the headroom to invest because many of our

programmes, we don't just invest because many of our programmes, we don'tjust roll out a ship, we don't have aeroplanes like the f 35 made in lancashire, that's a20 the f 35 made in lancashire, that's a 20 year project and you have to start investing now for the future and that's what we've been trying to do and the prime minister recognised that without the headroom what would happen is that bit by bit, capability by capability, we would become less and less effective than we would no longer be able to shape our own destiny in the world of defence and security and join our allies and be left behind. you as defence secretary will be celebrating, as many in the military will that the money has been allocated to you, but is it glaringly obvious that somewhere else, someone else, some other department, and that means people, whether it is his care, health, foreign aid, someone will pay the price for these astronomical sums being spent on defence? first of all, it's a very generous settlement and i'm very pleased with that for

defence and as defence secretary, like all of my colleagues at the cabinet table, i go into bat with the treasury on behalf of my department and the men and women of the armed forces. i think it's an important priority on the first duty of the government is to secure its own nation. my apologies. my question was where will this money come from? so, in amongst the decisions that rishi sunak is making ata decisions that rishi sunak is making at a difficult time, somebody, somewhere will get less? i am sure that there will be money from elsewhere in the government part. that there will be money from elsewhere in the government partm course, the chancellor will be disciplined and take a view that there is an overall envelope that he can offer to the prime minister to decide how to set his priorities. the chancellor will announce exactly those details next week in the budget and you will see at that stage where the money came from to fund this. from my point of view, the prime minister has made a decision and one of his main

priorities is defence and security for the uk priorities is defence and security forthe uk and priorities is defence and security for the uk and we know yesterday on the day before he talked about his green priorities, the eye environmental priorities and those are the ones he set out and he has recognised the infrastructure and investment in big capital projects are going to be part of the process of getting the british economy back on its feet and i think all of that will be laid out next week by the chancellor. in the end, those are the decisions made by the chancellor and guided by the pro—minister and i think you will get the answer to your question then. as far as i'm concerned, i go in with my beard and i make my case and the prime minister has agreed with me and supported my attempt for more funding. fundamentally, it is really, really important how we defend and secure this nation and i'd like to put it in perspective of scale. 16.5 billion is incredibly generous and i'm very, very grateful and it does what we need to do. we spend annually on hundred and £71 billion on health and we have spent

£200 billion on covid measures in less tha n £200 billion on covid measures in less than a year, so if we put it in perspective, you will realise that we are well funded and europe's biggest defence spender, but we also contribute lots of jobs, biggest defence spender, but we also contribute lots ofjobs, hundred 90,000 in the industry. perspective is an interesting point because some people might scratch their heads and think that a couple of weeks ago the government couldn't put up any money for free school meals and eventually they did, £170 million set aside, but everyone was saying, why don't you put that money forward? and that was a problem apparently. and yet now we are seeing these sums allocated to defence and to make a good point about why it is necessary , good point about why it is necessary, but people will be asking questions about how money is allocated. first of all, the 170 million, or the 67 million around free school meals, you have to add to that the benefit bill. the

biggest spender in government is the department for work and pensions on benefits. for most peoples budgets, we fund people quite rightly to help them through life, their pension or when times are tough, so let's remember that in dealing with some of the free school meals issues we have operated universal credit by £20 and put in more funding through local authorities and indeed it was not just a stand—alone 167 local authorities and indeed it was notjust a stand—alone 167 million, thatis notjust a stand—alone 167 million, that is on top of the benefit bill andi that is on top of the benefit bill and i think that's important. so if you are a family on minimum wage and there are two people with two children, in my constituency, you will probably get about £15,000 in benefits on top of your £14,000 minimum wage basic take home. it's not like the governmentjust said that's all you've got for school meals. you have the benefit bill thatis meals. you have the benefit bill that is the biggest part of government spending. mr wallace,,

you make your case very well in connection with defence but some people might think it seems a distant thing in relation to what is immediately in front of them in the situation they face, whether it be the economy, ill members of family orfriends, so on the economy, ill members of family or friends, so on that theme, there isa or friends, so on that theme, there is a lot of emphasis on christmas at the moment and how this sits in relation to the pandemic. what help can you give us in terms of the government at the moment, because the latest we hear is that if we get one day off over christmas in connection with restrictions, that's five days more restrictions in the future. what kind of stevia can you give us on the government thinking right now? —— what kind of stevia? first of all the government thinking is that we are in the middle of lockdown which started on the 8th of november and we said in the 2nd of december we plan to lift it and go into a tiered system. the best time to make those decisions about how we can get together for christmas and

how we can hopefully get through this festive period is when we have seen the impact of this lockdown on the figures. only this week i was visiting liverpool to see the mass testing being delivered by the armed forces there, and we are all dead set on trying to get through this at the moment, reduced er rate and the number of people going to hospital. in the north—west where you are bass now, there is significant pressure in hospital beds and people are dying of covid and the best thing for me to say is instead of the speculation that lots of people, understandably, are wanting to make plans for christmas. the best time for me to give you better advice and for me to give you better advice and for the government to make decisions is close to the 2nd of december as possible. i know some people want to know earlier but if we were to do it now and the facts changed on the ground we have to change it again and that is what i'd like to do, but there is an interesting point to this alongside this, that from the very beginning, what do you get from your money in defence? we've had in

every government department in many local authorities thousands of british members of the armed forces helping with logistics, command control, distribution, with testing, everything from car parks where we see them standing and testing people. on that note, can i ask, will we see more military involved in what rolls out in the next few months? i suspect you will see more military and the distribution of the vaccine. we have been planning with the vaccine task force how we can help and make it as quick as possible to deliver it around the country to make sure it is planned properly, so i suspect you will see more members of the armed forces, and it's already increased up to 12,500 is the national standby of soldiers, personnel ready to deliver, and we will learn from the liverpool pilot whether we need to do more in other parts of the country, so i suspect that the armed

forces will be with you for a long time helping us through covid. ben wallace, thank you for your time. carol is in a very nippy blenheim palace grounds this morning. we are still seeing the lights but as the light comes this morning we are seeing them less. it is very beautiful. does that make up for the chilly factor? it certainly does. we're here the illuminated light trail. look how it works! we have the projector in its well approved casing. the little light blob in front of it is being projected onto the front at the palace. you can see the front at the palace. you can see the candy cane sticks. if we go to the candy cane sticks. if we go to the top, there are flashing lights, which are part of the light display. they weigh approximately 38

kilograms. it still looks pretty good, even in daylight. let me show you what it looks like earlier. you can see the fabulous colours eliminated in the dark and all the different shapes. snowflakes and little dots and the candy canes as well. it is a chilly start to the date of that some of us have had snowfla kes. date of that some of us have had snowflakes. overnight there was snow even on the lower levels in scotland. yesterday in the north—east of scotland it was 15 degrees, today it is more likely to be four macro degrees. there will be returned to sunshine and a few showers. there could still be wintry showers. there could still be wintry showers for a time across parts of southern scotland and also the pennines. as it moves south, we will see the cold air infiltrate further south. as pressure moves in from the west, it will settle things down. the showers will be fewer than they

will be through the course of the morning and there will be more sunshine and the winds will continue to ease. it still will feel cold. the temperature range, four macro in aberdeen to ten. in the wind it will feel more like —1 in aberdeen and plus seven in london. not as cold in the south as it will be in the north. cloud will build in from the west, we will see some showers and by the end of the night of rain will arrive. gusty winds in the north and west. under the cloud and rain temperatures will not be as low as they will be in the east, where they will be below freezing. 3d daily cloud advances from the west, followed in hot pursuit by the rain. —— through the day. a return once again to some sunshine and also some showers. a lot of cloud in places

and also some drizzle, hill folk and murky conditions. temperatures going up murky conditions. temperatures going up but not in the east until overnight friday and into saturday. a weather front will overnight friday and into saturday. a weatherfront will sink overnight friday and into saturday. a weather front will sink south, bringing cloud and patchy rain with it. still quite blustery with temperatures for all of us back into double figures. i apologise. charlie was chatting away and saying people would be offended if they were listening to what i was saying. i didn't hear what i was saying. i didn't hear what you said. you are very lucky, to be completely honest. have you had a cup of tea yet? yes, i have. it was delicious. it has been so cold, such a cold start to the day. not necessarily cold for the time of year but we had been used to 11th and 12th the last couple of days. warm your hands around a nice cup of

tea and coffee. lots of you got in touch with us after sir geoff hurst appeared on breakfast yesterday, expressing his concern that nearly half of his 1966 teammates have died after being diagnosed with dementia. ex—blackburn forward chris sutton, whose father mike has the disease, told breakfast‘s graham satchell, why he is worried not enough action has been taken to help former players. my dad was my hero. i haven't been able to visit him for a long time now. i used to go in and we used to talk about, sort of those days where he used to take us out running and we used to play cricket, the happy times. you're just hoping that something gets through. chris sutton's dad mike is also a former professional footballer. he played for norwich in the 1960s. mike was diagnosed with dementia more than a decade ago. it has progressed to such a level, where basically, my dad's final days

is basically seeing them out lying in a nappy on a bed. he can't walk and he's a shadow of the man he once was and i defy to not be upset if that was their parent. the impact on the whole family has been devastating. chris's mum josephine has admitted the strain of looking after her husband led to suicidal thoughts. when you hear your mum talking like that, what do you think? how can i answer that really? of course it is. i wasn't aware of that but they've been together for so long and she cared for him and she's a really strong woman, she is, a robust woman. she would do anything for him. it's extremely upsetting and i wasn't aware of that. you know what? i understand that. what can i say? it's heartbreaking.

in the last few weeks, sir bobby charlton's family have said he has dementia. england legend nobby stiles died of the disease last month. in all, five of england's world cup—winning squad have developed the condition, as more and more research shows a link between heading the ball and getting dementia. does it feel like we've reached a moment of change? i have to say, if i'm honest, that question makes me angry and it makes me angry for a reason and the reason is that every three or four months, a high—profile name comes out and has died from dementia or is diagnosed with dementia and then it is the same old people banging the drum for changes to be made. within the game, my personal view is i do not understand why current players, players of my generation, do not get

behind this campaign and haven't got behind this campaign before. i find it baffling. the truth of the matter is, in 15 or 20 years, players of my generation will suffer from dementia. not everybody, of course, but they will suffer from dementia. some will, a lot will, and alzheimer's. and their families will simply be saying this... "why on earth didn't we do something a long time ago about this?" and this is a never—ending cycle, or it has been for a long time now. chris was a striker who was brilliant in the air, scored goals with his head. what he is asking for now is more support for former footballers with dementia and a significant reduction in the amount of heading done in training. we aren't asking for heading to be banned from football and there may be a discussion, because of the testing, in years to

come, i don't know how many years to come, where we are discussing banning heading but we're not actually saying that, we're just saying, lessen the load. you know, do less. lessen the risk. there is no cure for it, there is no cure for motor neurone disease. there is no cure for parkinson's, which is why it is so important at this moment in time to put these practices in place because why would anybody want to see their own family members, or know their sons and daughters in the future could suffer from this just because they're heading a football? come on, this is madness. that was chris sutton talking to breakfast‘s graham satchell. the professional footballers' association say they will be working to define future support provisions for former footballers with neuro—degenerative conditions.

dr willie stewart led research. last year, a study commissioned by the pfa and the fa, found former professional footballers are more likely to die as a result of dementia than the general population. i think anyone who is watching that report, by chris was talking about his father, mike. he says he is no scientist but evidentially there has to bea scientist but evidentially there has to be a link between heading a football and the impact it has on the brain in future years. yes. it was very the brain in future years. yes. it was very moving, listening to chris and his story. i had been listening to stories like that for some years now. the one thing that keeps coming up now. the one thing that keeps coming up is, could it be linked to heading and head injuries in the game? having demonstrated last year without question there is a problem without question there is a problem with dementia and degenerative

diseases in football, the evidence we have gathered over the years of the types of dementia we get and what it looks like down the microscope, in football, the link is heading. where someone has editable 30 times a day on consecutive days, there is something that happens inside the brain physically. what happens in terms of brain proteins all the stability that stuff in there? there are a number of good research studies over the years i people have got more interested in trying to figure out what was happening with heading. the kind of things are happening is, for instance, take a young footballer into the lab and test brain function, how fast brain signals are travelling and what the memory is like or even take some blood samples quite look for evidence of brain protein in the blood and take them into the lab and have then had the

ball 20 to 30 times and do the test again. —— head the ball. the speed of the brain signals slows down. if you check the blood you can find evidence of protein that should not been there. the good news is that seems to recover quite quickly but we do not know what happens over time, over years of that exposure. how does that relate to wider dementia research, comparing someone who has never had a table or had a brain injury but does have dementia? —— headed a ball. brain injury but does have dementia? -- headed a ball. the proteins we are talking about other things in other research looking at dementia could be important but what we haven't done is look at the years before people get dementia. footballers say 40 to 60 years, can we see evidence in them there are more proteins in the blood make more

changes on a brain scan, perhaps the memory is not so good to get a clue as to what is going on? that is an important point we are trying to follow u p important point we are trying to follow up on. players like chris sutton said they are concerned because of their own history. nothing can be done now if there is... if the brain is on that path to that degeneration, is there anything that can be done? you say that. we know a number of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. we can take back the exposure to brain injury and brain impact they had from their playing career. what perhaps we can be doing is advising people who may be risk of that of better ways of living now. things with diet by blood pressure control, giving up smoking. there are ways to modify it but there is nothing we can do to take back the damage that has been done by heading. a sobering thought. dr

willie stewart, a good —— good luck with this study. and thank you to chris sutton for being so open, talking about the horrible, physical reality of talking about caring for someone with dementia and bringing it to the fore. that will resonate with a lot of people. stay with us, headlines coming up.

good morning, welcome to breakfast with naga munchetty and charlie stayt. our headlines today: a team in oxford says trials of its coronavirus vaccine have shown a promising immune response in people over 60. an extra £4 billion a year for the next four years — the government gives the uk military its biggest spending boost in three decades. good morning from blenheim palace. we have been having an exclusive look at the illuminated lit trailer. todayis look at the illuminated lit trailer. today is a chilly start to the day. temperatures hovering around freezing in some parts of the country and we also have some snow showers but they will give way to a fair bit of sunshine with the wind is continuing to ease. i'll have all the details in ten minutes.

and lewis hamilton speaks to us about diversity in his sport, being seven—time formula 1 world champion, and his vegan dog, roscoe. good morning. it's thursday, 19th november. our top story. scientists working on the oxford university coronavirus vaccine say the findings are "encouraging", as they publish their latest data this morning. results from phase two of the trial show the vaccine produces a strong immune response in both older and younger participants, raising hopes that it can protect the age groups most at risk from the virus. our health correspondent, naomi grimley has more. more encouraging news after weeks of upsetting headlines. oxford university says its vaccine is well tolerated in older adults, and crucially that it induces a robust immune response, similar to that found in younger people. there are three stages to vaccine trials. these results come from the middle stage, phase two. researchers were studying

560 uk volunteers, 240 of whom were over the age of 70. but we're still waiting for oxford's phase three results. that's the most comprehensive stage which involved some 30,000 participants in the us, the uk, brazil and south africa. oxford may be trailing the two of the vaccine candidates pfizer and moderna, which are now moving towards being approved by regulators. but still great hopes are pinned on the team at the university's jenner institute. for us in the uk, actually, the oxford vaccine is going to be one of the key game changers for us. we know we have acquired 100 million doses of the oxford vaccine which, given this will be a two—dose vaccine, would give us enough doses to, with the other vaccine doses

we have acquired from the other companies, to hopefully reach that magic herd immunity. so it really is good news. the oxford vaccine is expected to be easier to manufacture on a worldwide scale than the other two. and together with its pharmaceutical partner astrazeneca, the university is committed to making hundreds of millions of doses available to the developing world. naomi grimley, bbc news. the largest military investment in 30 years will be announced by the prime minister later today. the defence budget will increase by £4 billion annually, over the next four years and will be partly used to fund space and cyber defence projects. our political correspondent leila nathoo is in westminster this morning. two things we know, we know money is tight at the moment but we know defence spending is big. good morning, charlie, we do. this is another big announcement from the prime minister in a week when he wa nted prime minister in a week when he wanted to have a bit of a fresh start after all that turmoil in downing street. this will certainly be seen as a bit of a victory for the ministry of defence, getting this money over a period of four

yea rs this money over a period of four years because next week we are going to hear from the chancellor rishi sunak on his spending review but that only covers departmental spending for a period of one year, so that horizon he is working towards elsewhere because of all that uncertainty around the coronavirus pandemic. so why has defence spending been singled out for a significant longer term deal? here is what the defence secretary ben wallace told us about why the money was needed. when i looked across at the armed forces today i saw them with equipment that was out of date, i saw our adversaries across the world having better equipment, or the ability to attack us and harm us getting wider and wider from our capabilities, and when that happens you know, time runs out and you need to modernise your forces, you need to sometimes let go of some older capabilities and that takes money. the prime minister recognised without the head room, what would simply happen is bit by bit capability by capability would become less and less effective

and we would no longer really be able to shape our own destiny in the world of and would start to be left behind. it is hoped this will create jobs across the country and boost britain's standing in the world. labour are welcoming the spending state is long overdue, the armed forces have been in decline for a decade now. but i think it is worth remembering that this spending on the military will have consequences elsewhere because in the context of all the economic hammering that has happened because of the coronavirus pandemic, the chancellor rishi sunak is going to have some difficult choices ahead. studio: lola, for the moment, thank you. —— leila. the duke of cambridge says a new investigation into how the bbc secured an interview with his mother in 1995 is "a step in the right direction". the corporation has promised to "get to the truth" about the events surrounding

the panorama interview with princess diana. our royal correspondent, jonny dymond joins us now. jonny, what has prince william said? prince william is responding to the announcement of an inquiry by the bbc into allegations that deceit was used to gain an interview with princess diana, that interview back in 1995. allegations made by her brother that the bbc announced an inquiry with the senior figure. in a pretty unprecedented move prince william has commented on this, his office said it was a tentative welcome. prince william says it is a step in the right direction and it should establish the truth behind the actions that led to the panorama interview and the subsequent investigations by the bbc. so he is welcome it, although, as i say, that word tentative is pretty important. and i think a sign that this isn't a kind of slap on the back for the bbc, but more a message that the prince is watching the bbc, watching

the inquiry and the investigation very closely. ok, jonny, thanks very much. jonny dymond there. one of the uk's biggest food retailers has said the abuse its staff are receiving from customers has reached a n "u na cce pta ble level". new figures from the co—op show attacks on workers have risen by 36% this year to nearly 40,000 incidents. our consumers affairs correspondent, sarah corker reports. body cam footage from a co—op store in northamptonshire. a customer becomes aggressive. what are you touching me for? get out! why did you touch me? he repeatedly tries to rip off the shop worker's face mask. take it off. i don't need to take it off. abuse against retail staff is escalating. what are you touching before? this is what happened in surrey when a customer was asked to follow the shop's one—way system. shelves of wine destroyed, staff threatened. the co—op says one in four

of their front line staff have faced anti—social behaviour or been attacked this year. in manchester, store manager matthew says it's happening on a daily basis. there was a gentleman causing trouble because he was refusing to follow the social distancing measures. he was approached by the guard and a member of staff and asked politely to leave the store. and in doing so he's turned around and spat at a member of staff several times. it puts that fear into you so you won't go near him and you won't approach him. retailers have spent time and money making stores covid—secu re. shop staff say some customers are growing increasingly frustrated with the rules and incidents of verbal and physical abuse are rising. this level of violence is absolutely not acceptable. some of the uk's leading retailers are now calling for stronger penalties for those who abuse shop workers. tougher sentencing and legislation, i think, sends a really important reset message that this is not acceptable behaviour.

you know, people are coming to work to earn money to support their families. they deserve to be treated with the same respect that we would all want to be treated with ourselves. reminding customers to wear a facemask or to observe social distancing can be triggers for abuse. julian owns two convenience stores and says tensions are rising. people are just becoming agitated about it, can't see an end to it, are frustrated. i think from our perspective when you look at our staff they have now been working tirelessly for the best part of nine months in difficult circumstances. back in northamptonshire, this man was charged with common assault and fined. in surrey this woman was given a caution for criminal damage. sarah corker, bbc news. it really is unacceptable when you see those pictures and what people are having to deal with in the shops. the time is 8:10am. carol is

ina shops. the time is 8:10am. carol is in a glorious location. we have watched as the light has come up this morning and it all looks a bit different now, blenheim palace looking beautiful. it absolutely is. good morning, everybody. we are here because you canjust everybody. we are here because you can just about still see it but let me show you some footage of how it looked early on when it was dark. the colours are so vibrant, you can see the shapes, there is candy sticks, there is also snowflakes and swirls and dots. it was lovely. it ru ns swirls and dots. it was lovely. it runs from the 4th of december to the 3rd of january. it runs from the 4th of december to the 3rd ofjanuary. it is runs from the 4th of december to the 3rd of january. it is closed runs from the 4th of december to the 3rd ofjanuary. it is closed on christmas day. you have to pre—book and all covid rules apply of course when you are here. normally where i'm standing it would be the christmas market but this year because of covid it isn't taking place, which is why for the first time we have seen the beautiful display of lights on the front of the palace itself. it has been a

cold start to the day and it is going to be cold through the course of the day with some sunshine and showers. for example, yesterday in north—east scotland the temperature was 15 degrees. today it is more likely to be four degrees, a drop of 11 degrees. we have a weather front sinking south producing some showers, still some wintry come across southern uplands and the pennines with height. as high pressure builds from the west you will find many of the showers will fade and the strong gusty wind as we currently have will ease. temperatures, four in aberdeen and ten in london but out on the wind chill and it will feel more like —1 in aberdeen and plus seven in london. so not quite as cold in the south as it is in the north. through this evening and overnight there are some clear skies to start with and then cloud will come in from the west with some showers, ahead of a band of rain, bringing rain to northern ireland, wales and the south—west by the end of the night. so temperatures will not be as low as they are going to be in the east

but below freezing. tomorrow we start with bright skies in the east but it will not be long before the cloud and rain of across all areas and behind that we will see a lot of cloud and some murky conditions and temperature is not as high in the east as they are going to be in the west. they will climb through the middle of the night. and as we head into the weekend, well, temperatures get closer to where they should be at this time of year. naga and charlie. thanks, carol. did it feel like you we re thanks, carol. did it feel like you were ina thanks, carol. did it feel like you were in a discotheque earlier with all those lights when it was darker earlier? yes all those lights when it was darker yes and there is a huge round light around the rim of the camera. it was around the rim of the camera. it was a bit like disco lights. i've enjoyed those pictures this morning. it makes it look so different. it really does. the time is 8:13am. thursday morning. let's return to our top story this morning, and the race for a coronavirus vaccine. there are more than 200 in development worldwide. nearly 50 are in human trials and around a dozen

are in the final stages of testing — known as phase three. we'll get the latest from our medical editor fergus walsh in a moment, but first, let's remind ourselves of which vaccine developers are leading the way. yesterday, pfizer and biontech said their vaccine was 95% effective. data from phase three shows it protects 94% of adults over 65 and there are no serious safety concerns. the uk government has already secured 40 million doses of this vaccine. phase—three data from us company moderna was also released this week, showing a 94.5% effectiveness. the uk has secured 5 million doses of this vaccine — enough to protect 2.5 million people. this morning, 7am, results from phase two of the oxford university trial have been published, we were told.

scientists say their vaccine shows a promising immune response in both the elderly and young. we're still waiting for the final results of this trial, but the government has already ordered 100 million doses. let's look at all of this in more detail now, with our medical editor fergus walsh. good morning, fergus. that is a lot of information for people to take in in one gulp, as it were. let's go through it. the news that came out this morning just after seven o'clock was about the oxford vaccine, phase two. do you want to put that in some kind of context for us and why the oxford vaccine for people in the uk could be so significant? the news this morning was really promising. it was detailed information published in the medicaljournal, the lancet, about the immune response among 560 volu nteers about the immune response among 560 volunteers who had received two doses of the oxford astrazeneca jab. what that showed was that it produced a robust immune response across all ages, so among all the volu nteers across all ages, so among all the

volunteers they produced what we call neutralising antibodies that can block infection and they produced good t cell responses. but it doesn't tell you, and it didn't tell you whether the vaccine actually works, whether it protects against the disease. and for that we are going to have to wait may be a few more weeks for oxford and astrazeneca to release the results of their much bigger trial, what we call their efficacy phase three trial, which will tell us whether the vaccine, like moderna's and like pfizer's actually works. fergus, why is it so important, when we hear through all these trials, why is it so important we hear about its efficacy amongst those aged 60 or more? why is that? notjust in terms of, obviously we know older people are vulnerable, but in terms of how this will affect us all in society and how it is rolled out?

there is this thing called immunosenescence. as we get older, our immune systems get weaker. it is one among elderly people the flu vaccine does not normally work quite so well and there was a lot of concern, and there still is concerned, about whether covid vaccines would prove effective among the group of people, the elderly, who need them the most and are at most of us, and the results yesterday from pfizer were really stunning. i was incredibly impressed with the extra data that pfizer produced that showed that there vaccine was produced that showed that there vaccine was over produced that showed that there vaccine was over 94% effective in the over 65s. in all age groups and all ethnicities. that is a really stunning result because if we can have a vaccine that protects all ages, all backgrounds, then we could be looking at a very different

future in 2021. the question i know you get asked all of the time, i bet it happens to you when you are in the street, people saying, when?” can give you the when, probable one on pfizer, they say they have enough data to submit to the regulators, including the mhra in the uk, the fda and the european regulators, for emergency authorisation use. the mhra in the uk have said that they will take only may weak or two to go through the data because they have been at most of it, they have done a rolling review. we could get the first vaccine, the pfizer vaccine, approved for use here may be in the first week of december, maybe second week. we know a few million doses of

the 50 million that pfizer says it will have ready by the end of the year will come to the uk because we pre—ordered 40 million, enough to immunise 20 million people. that makes me hopeful that some people will start to get immunised before christmas. it is only going to be a tiny proportion of the numbers needed. because we have had this really good data from pfizer on how well it protects the elderly, that will confirm that those doses will go first to elderly people who are in care homes and care home staff who have been so vulnerable throughout this pandemic. and then the over eightiesand then we should have front—line health and care workers who are very susceptible to being infected because they come across the virus all the time and then we will go down the ages in bands of five years, 75, 65...

people under 50 might have to wait until next summer before having a vaccine. i don't know what evidence you can draw upon in terms of mass vaccinations across all ages, when you say the under 50 plume may be waiting until next summer, i brought it up with a doctor earlier about the cost of the vaccine, people who wa nt the cost of the vaccine, people who want it now —— 50s. if it is passing the regulatory hurdles and it is available, they'll are people who will be impatient and can afford to get vaccine. how is that going to work? i put that very question to some of the manufacturers and i said, are you dealing with governments or if some company comes along and says, can we have 10,000 doses, are you going to deal with them? all of the manufacturers told me they are committed to making sure

this vaccine goes to those who need it most first of all. certainly, jonathan van—tam, deputy chief medical officer, he said he would not want this to be something that you can simply go and buy on the open market. he would want it to go to those who need it first. i cannot rule it out, that they won't be... there is nothing stopping them, the pharmaceutical companies. once they have met their commitments to governments, the preorders, to making this available privately. yes, but the preorders they have from governments are going to take them right through 2021. it is just whether or not already somebody has put in some early orders and got in there at the beginning and said, i will take 10,000 doses, whatever, of your gap will take 10,000 doses, whatever, of yourgap and i'm will take 10,000 doses, whatever, of your gap and i'm prepared to pay for it. i cannot guarantee that. —— of

yourjab. but it. i cannot guarantee that. —— of your jab. but i it. i cannot guarantee that. —— of yourjab. but i think it is unlikely we will see much of that. thank you, we will see much of that. thank you, we will see much of that. thank you, we will talk again soon, fergus walsh, our medical editor. i always learn so much from fergus. my word of the day, immunosenescence. remember what it means? fergus spoke about it. looking at the changes in the immune system associated with age and that is what everyone is looking at. it's week five of strictly, and it would normally mean contestants gearing up for the blackpool special. we all need something to smile about. it is delivering. the dancers will pay homage to the home of ballroom. we'll find out how they've been preparing with one of this yea r‘s contestants, jamie laing and his dance partner karen hauer, but first let's take a look at them in action on last week's show. music: bamboleo

byjose reyes & los reyes # bamboleo, bambolea # porque mi vida yola prefiero vivir asi # bamboleo, bambolea # porque mi vida yo la prefiero vivir asi # bamboleo, bambolea # porque mi vida yola prefiero vivir asi # bamboleo, bambolea # porque mi vida yo la prefiero vivir asi. # it is only jamie it is onlyjamie on his own left alone, where is your partner?” it is onlyjamie on his own left alone, where is your partner? i am so sorry to disappoint everyone. i know everyone wants to see karen, she has been held up, she could not make it. she is really disappointed. but i am here to try to hold the fort. we are very happy you are there anyway. are you ok?

fort. we are very happy you are there anyway. are you 0k?|j fort. we are very happy you are there anyway. are you ok? i am amazing. iam there anyway. are you ok? i am amazing. i am great. there anyway. are you ok? i am amazing. iam great. a there anyway. are you ok? i am amazing. i am great. a little bit sore. anyone who has ever done strictly come dancing, anyone who is ever going to do it, i applaud them. it is one of the most amazing experiences but it is one of the toughest. your muscles ache, i wake up toughest. your muscles ache, i wake up in the morning and i see my feet trying to run away because they are so sore, all of these different things going on, but incredible, most amazing thing. jamie, when you found out karen was going to be your partner, did you two have a conversation about matching haircuts? we didn't. it really works, doesn't it? that is so kind of you. the good news is, potentially, some people mistake me for karen when we are dancing, so they may think i am as good as karen which i am totally not, she is the most incredible dancer. but we have matching haircuts which kind of

works in a weird way, i don't know... we looked like power rangers together, something like that. we did just see a video of you wearing a karen facemask and wearing a similar outfit, obviously having fun with it. it is so important that you get on, especially in this environment. i know they used to be the time on a friday and saturday when you would be in a group and talk to the other contestants and dancers and chilling out in the green room, you don't have that luxury. it is you two staying in your bubble. we are together, we cannot really see anyone else, just to gather dancing, which is great, but really important to get on with your partner. i feel for karen because the professional dancers are put with a celebrity each year and you have to get on with them, be friends with them, communicate with them, and! friends with them, communicate with them, and i am not the best listener. oh. at the beginning, i

was not listening. i went into the show thinking, i can dance, i have read them. you quickly find out you really don't have with them and you cannot dance. it is harder than that and you become really good buddies and you become really good buddies and it is really important because you have to have that chemistry, that authentic friendliness, you have to have that real relationship which comes across on the dance floor. if you don't have that, i honestly would find it hilarious if karen didn't like me because it would be the worst experience in the world. but thank god she does like me and we get on super well. to be fair, she is not there to answer that question, having closed it, we would have asked her that very question. she would have said, i love jamie, he is my favourite partner i have ever had. u nfortu nately, partner i have ever had. unfortunately, she is not here.

bit of a conspiracy she is not there, i'm starting to wonder. she texted me earlier and it is not what she said. i am a teasing. karen can lie, she can lie sometimes. quick look ahead to saturday, can you tell us anything about what is going to happen? we are dancing street dance, couple's choice. show us a little bit, got about 15 seconds, one move, go on. show us the dancing, i said. stop it, charlie! billand go on. show us the dancing, i said. stop it, charlie! bill and oti set the bar so high. fairly new element of strictly, people get to see the passion that drive you guys as couples, good luck with it. give karena hug couples, good luck with it. give karen a hug from me when you see her. i will do, i promise.

karen a hug from me when you see her. iwill do, i promise. take care, good luck. strictly is on bbc one at 7.15pm on saturday night. it is one of those shows, a lot of people loving it. it is bringing i°y- time now to get the news, travel and weather where you are. good morning from bbc london, i'm victoria hollins. more than 240 knives and weapons have been taken off the streets as part of operation sceptre — a national initiatve to crack down on knife crime. this is one of the knives recovered as part of the operation, which saw officers from across the metropolitan police take part in weapon sweeps, patrols and early—morning raids. the mayor has announced a £10 million investment in green projects, which he says will support 1,000 jobs. the green new deal will support iniatives like tackling emissions from london's buildings, encouraging green transport, and boosting businesses

in the green economy. london's air ambulance has launched an urgent charity appeal in the run up to christmas. the service is estimating that it stands to lose £5 million in income over the next three years as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. it's now calling on the public to support its london christmas mission by helping to raise much—needed funds. a world war two veteran is marking his 100th birthday with a fundraising effort to save staffjobs at the museum where he volunteers. ron green has helped out at the dehavilland aircraft museum since his wife died in 2015. but with a sharp fall in visitors due to covid, their funding has fallen too. so far, he's raised £26,000. when you live 74 years with somebody and they go, you have something missing in your life. and me, when i found the museum could be something that i could take an interest in life.

let's take a look at the travel situation now. on the tube, the hammmersmith and city line is part suspended between barking and plaistow. greater anglia services in and out of liverpool street is disrupted following track problems, also affecting the stansted express. traffic also affecting the stansted express. is building on now the weather with kate kinsella. good morning. it is not feeling especially cold this morning. we have, however, got a north—westerly breeze and the temperature, it isn't going to get much warmer throughout the course of the day. that north—westerly breeze will start blowing in some showers. there may be one or two brighter spells first thing but then cloud and showers moving through. thinning through the afternoon, though, so that we should see some lengthy spells of sunshine, just a risk of maybe one or two further showers. but the temperatures today, between 8—11 celsius, so really feeling quite chilly.

and when you factor in that north—westerly wind, it's going to feel colder. clear skies tonight mean that the temperature is going to drop down into low single figures. central london probably around three orfour celsius. but away from that, we could get down as low as one celsius. a very chilly start tomorrow but a bright start. we should see a bit of sunshine first thing but our next front arrives through the course of friday. it is a warm front bringing more cloud and some rain through friday afternoon. but some milder air for the weekend. i'm back with the latest from the bbc london newsroom in half an hour. plenty more on our website at the usual address. bye for now. hello, this is breakfast with naga munchetty and charlie stayt. good morning to you. 8:31am is the time. when we, fair at 9:15am, morning live starts with kym marsh and gethin jones. they morning live starts with kym marsh

and gethinjones. they are poised. we will be ready at 9:15am. good morning. today on morning live, we're aiming to bring some hope and invaluable advice to anyone who's out of work. nearly 800,000 people have lost theirjob since the start of the pandemic — if you're one of them, we want to help and we've hired someone with the perfect cv for thejob. businessmen and apprentice star claude lyttonjoins us businessmen and apprentice star claude lytton joins us to answer your questions, and we love hearing from breakfast viewers so get in touch right now. we will also look at something we know a lot of pa rents a re at something we know a lot of parents are worrying about more than ever right now. the amount of time children are spending in front of a screen. how much is too much? we mightjust have some reassuring news to stop you fretting. plus, it's being hailed as the five days of christmas, the much rumoured chance for us all to reunite with loved ones over the festive season but is easing lockdown restrictions when covid is still a risk really a good thing? and is five days enough? we have been finding out what you think. it is a show loved by millions. now homes under the hammer

is planning an extension of its own to its presenting line—up, we will be exclusively revealing the new faces during. faces and be exclusively revealing the new faces and on top of that, our very own doctors and is in the house to give his own verdict on which vitamins are worth your money. used to bea vitamins are worth your money. used to be a model in a previous life, but you didn't know that! from behaving badly, caroline quentin is here. just before you go, charlie, have you got a tattoo on your right ankle, orjust you got a tattoo on your right ankle, or just very you got a tattoo on your right ankle, orjust very cool socks. the former. the former. the rule should be we don't make personal comments. otherwise anything could happen, every day we could go everywhere with this stuff, don't you think? it is a bit risky. we have learned our lesson, we are new, sorry, charlie. they were told. ido like they were told. i do like the green sofa. that's as personal as i'm going to get. 8:33am. i'm thinking back, when

michael schumacher reached his seven world titles, i remember the conversation at the time and people used to say no one will achieve that again, they cannot do it, but they didn't reckon on lewis hamilton. and he has done it. greatest number of races, equalled michael schumacher‘s hall and he has laid claim as the most successful racing driver of all time. it is extraordinary and he has been speaking to sally about what might happen next. hang on, that was me chatting. sorry, lewis. ididn't let hang on, that was me chatting. sorry, lewis. i didn't let you in very quickly there. hello. hi. hello. sorry to keep you waiting. lewis hamilton, seven times world champion, congratulations on that incredible achievement at the weekend. how does it feel now you've had a couple of days to get used to the idea? thank you. i've definitely

not got used to it. i think it's a lwa ys not got used to it. i think it's always just a privilege when people mention it. i've had more messages than i've ever had in my entire life. the loveliest messages from some of the nicest people, some of them are super incredible people. go on, drop me some names. tell me who has sent you messages. what i will say is the royal family posted a message, which was, i mean, wow. every time i saw someone on my social media, just seeing who had posted about me, to see the royal family were personal post, for me that was one of the biggest honours i feel like i've experienced. you know the queen quite well, don't you, lewis? did you sit next to her at lunch once? was that right? how did that go? i had the best lunch with her. one of the butlers stepped on the dog. i always remember this dog yelling out because someone

stepped on him accidentally. it was amazing. how important is it to get that recognition when you have worked so hard for so many years?m all honesty, i don't do it for recognition, you know? i've trained my whole life. the most important people when i get out of the race and get home is face time with my sister, my brother, my mum, my niece and nephew, and speaking to my dad and nephew, and speaking to my dad and my stepmum. that's all i need. if there is any recognition or acknowledgement, actually it is the best when your parent tells you they are proud. what was the first thing he said to you when you won the race? he said i knew you would do it. he always does, before all the races he messages me saying, "i know you can do it." but of course, there are these races like on sunday where there has got to have been a moment

of doubt, like, ok, it doesn't look like it's going that well but then it happen. and he is always like, "i knew you would do it." you managed to deliver when you crossed the line to deliver when you crossed the line to deliver when you crossed the line to deliver a powerful message over the radio. just remind everybody what you said in that moment because it was really special. to the kids out there who dream the impossible, do not give up on that dream, because i am living proof that you can manifest your dreams. and even the impossible ones. i remember as a kid, adults, teachers, parents of other drivers and youngsters telling me that i would not make it, you're not good enough, know where you are going to make it, go back to your country, all of these horrible things. and i rememberthinking, i wa nt to things. and i rememberthinking, i want to prove you wrong. the message was for all the kids out there who may be feeling that they don't have a voice, may be dreaming something, or want to a voice, may be dreaming something, orwant to dream a voice, may be dreaming something, or want to dream big. what's next, lewis? i would love to stay, i want

to be here. i still feel young, i still feel energised, i still feel hungry and what is crazy is this is the seventh title but we have another big fight to win and that's for racial equality across the board. and diversity within my sport, which i thought i would have helped shift just by sport, which i thought i would have helped shiftjust by being here but i realise that's not the case. lots of industries now work to have an ideal number of people of colour within their company. should formula 1be within their company. should formula 1 be looking to do that like lots of places do now? i think that's a difficult question to answer. because you want people to own the position, you know? so, no one wants to be handed, and we don't want to create a position, force these teams to just create a position, force these teams tojust hire minorities create a position, force these teams to just hire minorities for the sake of filling space. we want to create an opportunity that those individuals are actually educated and have earned the right, if you

understand what i mean. and it is also non—biased hiring. understand what i mean. and it is also non-biased hiring. you say it is not enough for you just to be there at the top of the sport. what more can you do? i want to find out what the real problem is first so we can fix it efficiently. i'm working with the royal academy of engineering in london. we have got this incredible commission. some of the great people there, they are all academics, some people working on the ground in black communities, some in politics, and it's trying to come of this research we are doing is trying to understand why there is a lack of young black kids applying to stem subjects, what are the barriers? lots of people here in the uk would like you to be so lewis hamilton. but how much of an honour would that be one day if it came? —— sir.

but how much of an honour would that be one day if it came? -- sir. like eve ryo ne be one day if it came? -- sir. like everyone i have grown up adoring the royalfamily everyone i have grown up adoring the royal family and if one day i everyone i have grown up adoring the royalfamily and if one day i am honoured to be up in front of the queen again, i mean, it would be the happiest day ever, and obviously to see her again because she is an icon, she is such an incredible individual. lewis, i have to ask you, individual. lewis, i have to ask you , over individual. lewis, i have to ask you, over the last few months, what have you been doing to keep yourself motivated and entertained? have you, like the rest of us, been doing zoom quizzes was mike i don't even know what that is. lucky you! they are horrific! lewis, there is one co nsta nt in horrific! lewis, there is one constant in your life, you know who i'm talking about, don't you? roscoe stop where is roscoe? ! he's right here. my goodness. what the... what afine, fine, here. my goodness. what the... what a fine, fine, handsome dog roscoe is

has he been keeping you sane? you know what's crazy, roscoe used to be 30 kilos. i've put him vegan this year and i'vejust 30 kilos. i've put him vegan this year and i've just taken 30 kilos. i've put him vegan this year and i'vejust taken him on a one—hour walk, he is running on the beach. lewis, i think is one—hour walk, he is running on the beach. lewis, ithink is about one—hour walk, he is running on the beach. lewis, i think is about to jump beach. lewis, i think is about to jump on the bed. now, you see, for it as a vegan dog. he is great! he's the best. i take roscoe everywhere with me now, i don't really want him to leave my side. i want to maximise every moment i can with him so he sat all the races. it's crazy because when i leave in the morning, the motorhome, is always up depressed when i leave, come back, no matter what day you've had it's the happiest moment to see your dog, it's just unconditional love. he'sjust so gorgeous. lewis,

one of the other things, of course, that you are very well known for is yourfashion sense. that you are very well known for is your fashion sense. oh, thank you. now, i know that this is a very tidy zoom shot and either side of it the contents zoom shot and either side of it the co nte nts of zoom shot and either side of it the contents of your wardrobe are around. would you get me an example of your loudest, fanciest shirt? my loudest, fanciest shirt? i've got one here, this is quite loud. 0h! one here, this is quite loud. oh! ilove one here, this is quite loud. oh! i love it! i've onlyjust got this, this was just sent to me. oh! i love it! i've onlyjust got this, this wasjust sent to mem says good luck on it. yes. but i do have a problem, i love clothes. that's not a problem! it's been a momentous, momentous yearfor you. how are you going to sell about it? what are you going to do? time with

friends and families is the most important, creating memories. so if we get to start travelling more, ta ke we get to start travelling more, take my family somewhere and creating memories with them and celebrate with them. celebrating with them is just being around them because this year i've not been able to see them and that's been hard. so does that mean that any new contract that you might sign with mercedes, maybe what you would need to do is build in more time for yourself? interesting. that's always a part of the conversation. i need more time andi the conversation. i need more time and i think this year has shown that you can work from home. so i'm sure there will be a lot of zoom days in there will be a lot of zoom days in the contract other than actual present days which means i have to fly less, which is good. have we just got a scoop there, lewis? yes. laughter it is brilliant to talk to you,

thank you so, so much for your time, it's been lovely. you know, i watched that race and sought the emotion. you heard it first of all as soon as his stomach had crossed the finish line, it was a tough race, terrible conditions, really wet and awful and there were loads of spins. you saw him when he came in and the cameras hung on him to wait for him to remove the steering wheel and for him to compose himself. the state of his tyres, they were like pure slicks. for getting the grand achievement, just that race in itself was brilliant, absolutely brilliant, and it shows why he is so respected. you also get the impression, sally chatting to him, he doesn't think of himself as purely a racing driver any more, he has a bigger picture thing going on about the society we live in and all those things. the first thing he said as soon as he crossed the finish line, this is for all those children, don't let anyone put you down, always believe, and anything can be achieved. it is and anything can be achieved. it is a great message. it isa a great message. it is a very good message. another

good message is combating loneliness, trying to make the link there. but it is absolutely true that there are a lot of lonely people at the moment, some people who are not necessarily on their own but they just feel they need some kind of lift. he was talking about how the team itself has been so important when it comes to supporting each other during the pandemic. unfortunately, not everyone is lucky enough to have that, so we have been focusing on that, so we have been focusing on that issue this week. and today looking at older adults. did you know according to figures from the office for national statistics, more than 4 million people in the uk said that they will always, or often, lonely. elaine dunkley has been to visit one community in walsall in the midlands, tackling the issue. loneliness, it is a killer, there is no doubt about it. when i lost doreen after 63 years of marriage, i don't know, it is like a curtain comes down. i thought, what am i going to do with myself now? i never said goodbye to her. ron davies is 86. he lost his wife,

a daughter and a grandson. a life of love and laughter replaced with loneliness and heartbreak. you think to yourself, well, what else can happen to me? i can talk about it now. when they say, she is at peace now, that doesn't change the fact she is not there with you. how can you not miss someone who has been there every day of your life, 63 years? and that loneliness, it is a killer, there's no doubt about it, it is a killer to people, and i've experienced this and it will overtake you if you let it. clock watching all the while. you shut the door, you close the curtain and the window and then you're thinking, you're wishing your life away. i wish it was tomorrow, i wish it was next week. ron is not alone. millions of people are feeling increasing levels of loneliness during lockdown. social distancing has broken social bonds. in walsall, a group of volunteers are reaching out to the most vulnerable.

it's called neighbourhood natters, a chat on the doorstep that can make all the difference. are you ok? i've brought you some parcels, ok? angela is visiting 91—year—old adelaide with some shopping and for a much—needed catch—up. it's lovely to see angela. she made my day. i've really enjoyed it, yes. and i feel very proud and thankful for the things they are doing for me i think it's lovely. is it quite upsetting sometimes when you get back in the car? i get back in the car and sometimes, like now, ifeelfull up, and you get in the car and you just feel it plucks at your heartstrings, you know what i mean? and they are lonely. there has been some people worse and you think you just want to put them in the car and take them home and look after them. neighbourhood natters has changed ron's life and now he is a volunteer. every day, he makes calls to people who feeling lonely. hello, kath. are you all right? yes, not too bad.

good, you sound a bit better. is everything ok? i've got 16 people now, ten o'clock in the morning, i can phone. two o'clock in the afternoon, i can phone brian at the home. i never thought that i would do this, never in a million years. but i'm thankful i've done it now. and you can talk forever. and you've just met them. you know? and then you look round and say, blooming hell, that time has gone quick! we are not strangers now. we are all friends. it's all right, ron, it's my mate, when they get on the phone. and you think to yourself, that's ok. it is a wonderful feeling, no doubt about it. i hope it lasts a lot longer. iam i am loving the thumbs up at the end, on the phone, a message that so many people need a little bit of something, maybe just a many people need a little bit of something, maybejust a phone call, a chat in the street as you pass by,

social distancing, some people confined to homes makes it harder. it makes a big difference. and if you are affected by any of the issues in that report, you can go online to bbc.co.uk/actionline where you'll find details of organisations which offer advice and support. we often get response to stories we are doing about loneliness. comedian, johnny vegas tweeted, "heart—wrenching report on the effects of self—isolation and loneliness amongst the elderly, although this issue goes far wider and can and has affected so many. feel so blessed to be back into a kind of work schedule, but anyone please reach out, you matter." thank you. if there is a theme this morning among the various pieces we are doing, it is about people trying to cope in difficult circumstances, loneliness, other things, to cope in difficult circumstances, loneliness, otherthings, ill health. absolutely. actor michaelj fox was diagnosed with parkinson's at the age of 29, but for the first seven years, he hid it from the world.

he continued acting until relatively recently and has now written a very moving and honest book about how he has lived and worked with the disease. the title of the book is no time like the future. he has been talking to me on zoom, always a few problems, but we made it work. ready, let's go. let's do it. i like the big stretch there. when i first saw you sitting down, i think the first thing i would always say to someone, whether i was with you in the room room, and i wish i was, i would say, how are you? i would say today, great, other days i might say, pull upa chair. generally, ifeel good. i'm a happy guy. in general, people can tell by the look on my face if i'm feeling all right. the book is brutally honest. and ijust wondered if you could talk to us a little bit about those times when it's really obviously very, very challenging for you.

yeah, well, you know, going to the bathroom is an existential experience. you know, it's life or death. it's really risky. just a trip across the room. there's so many obstacles. there's so many potential pitfalls. i was dealing with parkinson's and that was fine and i finally got that mastered. and i convinced my family to let me alone in the apartment for a night. and i was going to do a job the next morning for a spike lee film. after much argument and contretemps, they let me stay in the apartment by myself and i woke up in the morning and the first thing i do is walk the kitchen and fall down and shatter my arm. i sat on the floor waiting for the ambulance. i have dealt with parkinson's all these years and it is fine, and i go through all the rehab, but this was so stupid, so idiotic that i was just being a show—off and scooting around the apartment like i hadn't had spinal surgery and haven't had parkinson's for 30 years. you talk quite a bit about your early days and people probably know some of the story.

dropping out of high school and taking the chance to go to la, and then you talk about yourself as a risk taker, that you had no fear of risk. i think my frontal lobe wasn't fully developed which is why i couldn't calculate risk. it doesn't develop until you are 25 which is why we send young men to war and to drive race cars. we don't know what risks we are taking. what did i tell you? 88 mph! and then, of course, lots of the programmes people know and love like spin city, and then, of course, back to the future, which was an

extraordinary break for you. do you still get people coming up to you now quoting the lines and doing the whole thing? i don't know. i was in england in london and it was really funny, i was on the phone, i neverforget being on this big english phone, big dial phone, heavy. you could club a man to death with this phone. it was two o'clock in the morning in banbury and i am about to... and it was an exciting experience, but i got back to the states and had been already going in theatres for a week and i drove by the theater and went around the block. incredible.

a part of my life ever since. there are some very moving sequences in the book you describe, and i think it's when you were filming spin city and you have a live audience in front of you and you you know, you have parkinson's at that time and you're in the dressing room getting ready to go on stage in front of people. i had to beat my arm to stop it, which is funny now. now, as you said, it's like a two hour something that is going to wear out eventually. so ijust let it run on its own and then when it stops. so there was obviously a period of time where you would try to hide it from people, many people, i guess, friends as well as family,

but also the public, the audience. my fear was that if they if they knew that i had an illness or a condition, that they would be able to laugh... a really strange period of time because it was over a period of seven years that i kept it to myself and kept my family and my closest friends. i opened up to people about it. they were incredibly receptive, incredibly supportive. and then this whole opportunity opened up to i started to talk to scientists and they started telling me, you know, the science is ahead of the money. when we know more than we can pay for. we understand more than we can. and i thought, well, i can do that. i can make some rich friends and get something done. the public would like to find an answer to this problem that so many people that they love and know suffer from. and so what we started

the foundation, and that's been an amazing thing. you are guaranteeing that the jury will be watching you throughout our testimony to see how you react. my god, the cynicism here is breathtaking. have you thought you might have a problem with disabled people? let's try to keep the pain and outrage to a minimum here. a lot of people watching you now are going to be asking, will you ever act again, do you think? and you're doing the show, doing a bit, doing characters and really enjoyed it. and they get to a pointjust recently where we're on a piece of the puzzle starting to put itself together. and i used it when i was a kid before there was computers. but the modern way to put it would if i could just download stuff, script holding

my hand and no lines. and i found struggling with it last couple things i did. so if i can overcome that in some way, that is not a great strain. and so we're going to come up with something. if we do, i'll be able to do it, but i'm not seeking it out. is it true that you got your first tattoo last year? yeah, can i get this open? can we see it? yeah. it was based on this idea that when i started a foundation, i gave it a lot of thought, this new year's eve, 1999 into 2000, the big thing. and everyone was worried the world was end. i went swimming at the end of the day and saw a turtle. we'rejust going to stay with you, mike. so i saw this turtle. i saw the turtle and i got out of the water and i said to my wife, as i'm leaving

the show foundation, the turtle... and he just didn't give a damn that i was there and he just was going back doing the next right thing. we can see it, yeah. so is thatjust the beginning? you're going to get a whole lot more now. she will leave me. i've got a friend whose name is katherine who has parkinson's. and i told her i was going to be talking to you. and i said, would you have any questions for michaelj fox ? she wanted to know. have you come to terms with the unrelenting progression of the disease and how has he managed to accept his lot? let go of the past and what might have been. it is about acceptance. now is the future.

now, now, now. like i said, it was with parkinson's. i accepted it. and it sucks and it's hard and it's a drag being different. it's a drag. some mornings i am having a hard time. i enjoy using chopsticks. it's been an absolute pleasure talking to you. and i'm so pleased we have this opportunity. and i'm sorry we can't be in the same room together. too much good looking for one room. really good to catch up. good luck with all the work you're doing to. the foundation has reached huge sums of money and is committed to the cause, has not lost his sense of humour, as you can see. i asked him at the beginning, what does he like to be called ? at the beginning, what does he like to be called? he says, keith richards calls him new year's eve one year, foxy. too much good

looking in one room, he said. take that. michael's book no time like the future is out now. this is bbc news with the latest headlines. the team behind the oxford coronavirus vaccine says trials have shown a promising immune response in people aged over 60, increasing hopes it can protect those most at risk from the virus. £4 billion a year for the next four years — the government announces the biggest investment in the 03:00:00,401 --> 4294966103:13:29,430 military in 30 years.