this is bbc news with me, maryam moshiri. the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. pfizer has asked health regulators around the globe for emergency approval of its coronavirus vaccine. but the head of the world health organization's covid task force says their challenge is to make sure everyone has access to it. it's not only about the vaccine, it's about vaccination and making sure that you have countries that are ready to implement vaccination is what we're at right now. the british prime minister, borisjohnson, gives his full support to the home secretary, priti patel, despite an inquiry upholding claims against her of bullying. the us general election results in the state of georgia have been certified, including joe biden‘s victory in the state's presidential vote.

in the first round in the legal battle between the english footballers‘ wives, rebekah vardy is 1—0 up against colleen rooney. hello and welcome if you're watching in the uk or around the world. stay with us for the latest news and analysis from here and across the globe. and analysis from here the world could be one step closer to a usable covid—19 vaccine, with the drugs company pfizer and its partner biontech filing for emergency authorisation of their vaccine in the us and countries around the globe. the uk government has also asked the medicines regulator to formally assess the pfizer—biontech vaccine. if approved, it will begin to be

rolled out from next month. our north america business correspondent michelle fleury told me more about the next steps. i think these are unprecedented times, and we've seen the development of a vaccine take place in a much more compressed timeline than historically has been the case. having got through that phase where you have developed the vaccine and the test results are showing positive signs, the next hurdle in the process is that regulatory approval, and what we see now is pfizer going to regulators around the world, trying to get permission. in the us, it is called emergency use, when a drug has not been properly fully tested, in other words, there are conditions under which it can gain approval to be used. and that's what it's doing in america. it's also doing that in the eu, we understand it is trying to do that in the uk. they are in talks with regulators around the world because, clearly,

this is going to be in huge demand notjust here in america where i am but obviously globally. everybody will be keen to get their hands on this as soon as it gets through the necessary hurdles that we are talking about today. timeline wise, if it does surpass those hurdles and gets through, what are we talking about in terms of timings for rolling the vaccine out, not only in the us but also globally? what's fascinating is, if you listen to what these companies are saying, they've come out and say that within hours of approval, they can have vaccines ready to go. that is a huge achievement if it's true, given the scale and the demand that we're talking about. we are talking about several hundred million being delivered here in the us, i believe the eu has an agreement for a similar sort of delivery, the uk — they have agreements with japan. the idea is this all gets rolled out, you have to think

about it is notjust the approvals process that we're talking about today. there's the manufacturing, the distribution — how do you get it into the right places? this is a logistical, as well as a medicine and science, breakthrough that we are talking about here. as well as pfizer, the last fortnight has also seen promising announcements by the scientists working on the vaccines at oxford and moderna. but how will they work? our health correspondent james gallagher explains. vaccines are being developed at unprecedented speed — ten years of work has been condensed into around ten months. more than 200 vaccines are being researched, and the most advanced are starting to produce results. so, how do they work? well, first of all, i want to point out something on the coronavirus itself. this is known as the spike protein and that is what most vaccines are training your body to attack.

now, there are broadly four different approaches being used to make coronavirus vaccines. the first kills or inactivates the coronavirus and then injects it into people. this triggers the immune response, but without causing an infection. the second approach takes the spike proteins from the coronavirus and just injects that. these are tried and trusted methods of making vaccines, but they are slow to get up and running. a faster and more experimental style of vaccine takes a common cold virus. it is genetically modified to stop it causing an infection, and then again, to give it the blueprints for making the spike protein from the coronavirus. this is the technique being pioneered by the university of oxford, so you'll have heard about that in the news a lot in the past week. now, the final approach is quite new. part of the genetic code, here, of the coronavirus is injected into patients. once there, it starts making copies of that spike protein, which the body learns to react to. this is how pfizer and moderna have

developed their potent vaccines. and to be honest, we need all of these techniques at the moment because we still do not know which will prove to be best. that's a very clear explanation of all the different vaccines. let's speak to paul duprex, a virologist and the director of the centre for vaccine research at the university of pittsburgh in the us. thanks forjoining us. we saw there a quite clear explanation of all the different vaccines. let's talk about the pfizer vaccine primarily because it is it the news today. what makes the pfizer vaccine different to the other ones and so new? that was a beautiful expiration of the four big buckets of vaccines. let's just focus on that pfizer one, the one that we covered last, and what you're doing in that developmental approach to vaccines is you are not using the lab to make proteins,

you're using the person to make the proteins, and that despite protein is the key protein which, again, the report discussed, these antibodies that protect us from the disease are developed against. so the rna makes the protein in the protein is recognised by the immune system and the antibodies are made, so that's a fundamentally different way, never before have we made and got through regulatory approval, let alone manufactured and distributed, in rna vaccines. that, of course, makes a quite unique in the way that it has been made. do you think it's being pushed too quickly? do you thicken needs more time given that it is this method, so new, that is untried, really, in reality coachella you have to remember that you're just harnessing the body to do what it does. instead of thinking

about rna outside the body, you need to think that every single cell in your body makes rna all the time, so we arejust your body makes rna all the time, so we are just taking advantage of what happens in cells normally. you have to there are a4,000 individuals who have been participating in that phase three trial and those a4,000 individuals, 30,000 of them have been tracked for at least two months after the second dose. that would be historically when vaccines side effects crop up, so in the early stages, of course we have the adverse effects, it's a little bit sore at the injection site, but we do not see any severe safety concerns. and that's good news for the emergency use authorisation. the fda will be looking at thousands of pages of data to make sure that they do not, even with emergency use,

approve something which is not safe. 0k, approve something which is not safe. ok, paul duprex, it's been good to talk to you. thank you for taking the time to talk to us on bbc news. let's bring you some breaking news. we have been hearing in the last few minutes that donald trump we have been hearing in the last few minutes that donald trumer, the president's son, has tested positive for covid—i9. that is according to a spokesman. he said don tested positive at the start of the week has been quarantining out had his cabin since the result. he has been com pletely cabin since the result. he has been completely ace and —— asymptomatic so far and is recommending don —— following all recommended guidelines. that is donald trump —— following all recommended guidelines. that is donald trumer tested positive for covid—i9, at the moment quarantining it his cabin somewhere. the secretary of state for georgia has certified joe biden as the winner of the election in the state after a recount.

it's another blow to donald trump's attempts to overturn the results of the election, which he claims — without evidence — was rigged against him. but in the last hour, the state's governor has said he was highly concerned by the amount of irregularities in the counting of the ballots and that it was up to him to formalise any results. earlier today, secretary raffensperger presented the certified results of the 2020 general election to my office. following judge grimberg's ruling yesterday, state law now requires the governor's office to formalise the certification, which paves the way for the trump campaign to pursue other legal options in a separate recount if they choose. president trump is also challenging results in michigan. leaders of the state's legislature are currently at the white house for a meeting with the president. and let's just see how they were greeted upon their arrival

at the washington airport. shame on you! it's thought donald trump will urge them to take the highly controversial step of refusing to certinyoe biden‘s clear lead there — a move that's been heavily criticised by the president—elect‘s team. i'm joined now by nomia iqbal in washington. what is going on exactly in georgia? it's been a bit of a whiplash with georgia, you have to say. they had a recount by hand, 5 million presidential, 5 million presidential votes were recounted and they have now certified and retracted it and now certified and retracted it and now they have certified it again. but it was just a hand recount, which is done as a risk minimising audit. mimi's donald trump can demand a recount. he is within his right to do that. we imagine he will

do so, but it is insured and one with georgia because georgia's secretary of state, brad raffensperger, has been in the news quite a bit. there's been pressure from topper publicans to basically throughout any ballots that did not favour donald trump, and alyeska not to say, look, i am a republican, favour donald trump, and alyeska not to say, look, iam a republican, i disappointed the republicans did not win the election, but the numbers do not lie. at the moment, yes, georgia has certified forjoe biden, as i say, donald trump is expected to demand a recount. in michigan, legislators are meeting with donald trump. again, what is he inspecting them to do? what is he expecting from them was nick what are they talking about coachella —— talking about coachella he basically wa nts —— talking about coachella he basically wants michigan declared for him. donald trump is hanging onto the fact that michigan is not officially declared what its results are. the vote is not officially counted and confirmed, they are still waiting on two counties at the

moment, and the trumpet legal team by his personal lawyer, rudy giuliani, has launched these lawsuits and the hope is that the electors there would basically overturn it and declare it for him. now, is that possible? i think, legally, it is not really possible. i think there is also the moral implications of doing that as well. without going too much into the weeds with it, it is not the way the electoral college system works. this is all about donald trump trying to deny the election results. we know he does not concede at all. i should also add that we know that, if i can let you know, pennsylvania is another battleground state that he is challenging, and a senior campaign official has said that donald trump is considering inviting pennsylvania state legislators to the white house, presumably to do exactly what he is doing at the

moment with michigan. pennsylvania was the state that clinched it for joe biden. and monday is the deadline for pennsylvania to certify their vote. 0k, nomia, thank you very much. nomia iqbal there. let's bring you some live pictures now from the us state of wisconsin, where a huge manhunt is under way after a suspected gunmen opened fire in a suburban mall in suburban milwaukee. reports suggest that at least eight people have been shot. as you can see, there is a huge police presence in the area. local officials have been quoted as saying none of the injuries appear to be life—threatening. just to rate, there is a huge manhunt under way. a live active shooter was at this suburban shopping mode in milwaukee and, as

you can see, lots of police cars there. reports suggesting eight people have been shot, but tha nkfully people have been shot, but thankfully so far officials are saying none of the injuries sustained by the victims appear to be life—threatening. of course, this isa be life—threatening. of course, this is a live, moving story. we will bring you more on that as and when we did here on bbc news. well, the president's attempts to subvert the election are continuing while the coronavirus continues to rage. california is to impose a curfew from 10pm to 5am from saturday to combat a surge in new transmissions. to slow down the rate of hospitalisations due to the virus. sophie long reports. open". cali. as a raft of new measures restricting people's freedom comes into effect, there are jeers from people who have little to cheer.

the aim is to stop the surge. but some feel the wrong targets are being hit. right now, you can go to a strip club — an indoor strip club — but you can't go to church indoors. across almost all of california, a new curfew. all restaurants, bars and non—essential businesses must close by 10pm, but those responsible for doing so say it'll be to police. if we're the ones enforcing it, we're not involved in the making of the plans or anything, no, it's not going to work. those plans are dead on arrival, unfortunately. all the time, the economic impact of the closures continues to take its toll. use of food banks has more than doubled here. everything is out of whack, it's depressing. although i'm handicapped, i still like to be able to move. it's difficult. i've never seen this. and i've been all around the united states of america,

i've never seen nothing like this. janet has spent her whole working life at what disney calls "the happiest place on earth". she, like tens of thousands of disney employees, has been out of work for eight months. every day gets harder. it's been rough. since i had a good job with disney, it helped me keep afloat and take care of everything that i needed. right now, with not having a job makes it difficult. there is little sign of happiness here now, even hope is getting hard to find. in hospitals, where there has been no let up, exhausted medical workers once again worry about being overwhelmed as admissions surge. also surging dramatically is the demand for testing. at dodger stadium in los angeles, cars are queueing in every direction, prompting pleas for people getting tested ahead of the holiday to hold off. the message is now to stay at home. and if you are not displaying symptoms, you shouldn't need testing

because you shouldn't be socialising. as people wait for tests, a dramatic rollback of california's reopening is taking place. and there are warnings of even tighter restrictions if the case count continues to climb here. sophie long, bbc news, los angeles. let's bring you that breaking news now — donald trumer has tested positive for covid—i9. according to a spokesman for donald trump jr, "don tested positive at the start of the week and has been quarantining out at his cabin since the result. he's been completely asymptomatic so far and is following all medically recommended covid—i9 guidelines." do stay with us on bbc news. still to come: the legacy of nuremberg, 75 years since the world's first international war crimes trial of the leaders of nazi germany.

benazir bhutto has claimed victory in pakistan's general election, and she's asked pakistan's president to name her as prime minister. jackson's been released on bail of $3 million after turning himself into police in santa barbara. it was the biggest demonstration so far of the fast—growing european antinuclear movement. the south african government has announced that it's opening the country's remaining whites—only beaches to people of all races. this will lead to a black majority government in this country and the destruction of the white civilisation. part of the centuries—old

windsor castle, one of the queen's residences, has been consumed by fire for much of the day. 150 firemen have been battling the blaze, which has caused millions of pounds‘ worth of damage. this is bbc news. these are the latest headlines: pharmaceutical giant pfizer applies for authorisation in countries around the world for its vaccine. it could be approved by the first half of next month. the british prime minister, borisjohnson, gives his full support to the home secretary, priti patel, despite an inquiry upholding claims against her of bullying. 75 years ago today, the surviving leaders of nazi germany went on trial at nuremberg in the world's first ever international war crimes trial. they stood accused of responsibility for the deaths of millions. fergal keane reports on the legacy of nuremberg.

newsreel: attention. tribunal. judges from britain, america... it was a trial of crimes that defied the imagination. nazi leaders faced a court that established the principle of internationaljustice. 75 years later, we have been hearing from some of those who have lived in the long shadow of nuremberg. newsreel: vengeance is not our goal, nor do we seek merely a just retribution. my name is ben ferencz. i am the sole surviving prosecutor from the nuremberg war crimes trials. ben ferencz was a soldier and lawyer and he wasjewish. but, for him, seeing justice done meant leaving all personal feelings aside. i was able to turn

myself into a robot. i didn't see the people as being jewish or notjewish, they killed also communists, they killed gypsies, they killed any leaders of opposition parties and so on. i succeeded very well in regarding all the people who were victims as human beings. newsreel: frank was a willing and known participant in the use of terrorism in poland. among the notorious defendants was hans frank, governor of occupied poland, seen here in sunglasses. 4 million died under his rule. his son nicholas, pictured with his father as a child of the nazi elite, long ago denounced hans frank. really, i think my father had deserved the death penalty —

for one reason — that he should himself experience the same death fear which he distributed about hundreds of thousands of innocent people. so many deaths to account for. ida bach was ten years old when she was murdered. she'd left her sister while in hiding in order to return to her mother. they perished in auschwitz. she would have been alive, my sister, if she had come with me but she left my hand. that, i felt guilty all the time. when they put those german leaders on trial at nuremberg, did you feel any sense of satisfaction? no, it was notjustice for me, not at all. how many were hanged? for me, it was too good to be hanged after what they've done, you know? nuremberg was the beginning but the story at its heart, of massacred minorities, of intolerance, stains humanity still.

fergal keane, bbc news. round one of the legal battle between media personalities and footballers' wives rebekah vardy and coleen rooney has come to an end. ajudge has ruled that mrs rooney "clearly identified" mrs vardy when she made allegations against her about social media stories being leaked in tabloid newspapers. their disagreement broke out in october 2019, when coleen rooney attempted to find out who was behind fake stories about her by putting out false information, which she claims could only have been seen by rebecca vardy. david sillito reports. coleen rooney, rebekah vardy — both famous for being married to premier league footballers, both with high—profile celebrity careers. and the issue — who was leaking stories about

coleen rooney to the papers? she had a suspicion and set up an instagram account with some fake stories, and limited access to just one other account — rebekah va rdy‘s account. rebekah vardy says she didn't leak anything, and began legal proceedings. and so, at the high court today, the lawyers gathered for round one of vardy versus rooney. this was, of course, only a preliminary hearing to decide if that post was directly pointing the finger at rebekah vardy and rebekah vardy alone. the judge decided it was, and so a victory for rebekah vardy and, for coleen rooney, a cost of £22,913.50. the law is a costly business. and coleen rooney and rebekah vardy are being given a couple of months to see if they can resolve this and avoid a high court libel battle. david sillito, bbc news. that's it from me. thanks for watching. bye—bye.

hello there. on friday, we saw temperatures slowly rising as milder air came in from the atlantic together with a lot of cloud. but over this weekend, it's cooler air that's going to return across the uk, with temperatures set to drop a bit. now, we've seen the milder air come in thanks to south—westerly winds bringing in that cloud. this strip of cloud here is a weather front. that's producing the rain that we are seeing at the moment and it's moving very slowly southwards. now, that weather front will take the rain southwards. as it does so, the rain becomes light and patchy, but it pushes away the milder air steadily through the weekend, with cooler air then following from the north. and that's going to bring in some showers, mainly for scotland and from northern ireland. but we start the weekend with mild air across england and wales. it's colder in northern scotland early on saturday morning. it's windy here as well.

and then we've got our band of rain on that weather front. that rain will soon move away from southern scotland, northern ireland, heading into northern england in the morning, and then down through wales, into the north midlands later on in the day. to the south of that, generally dry. a lot of cloud but a hint of sunshine now and again. it's quite mild air still here, so temperatures 13 degrees. further north, it's getting colder through the day. there will be some sunshine, but those showers could be quite heavy and blustery as well because it's going to be quite a windy day, especially for northern scotland, where we're looking at gales, gusts of 70 miles an hour for a while in the northern isles. now, through saturday evening and saturday night, that band of cloud and rain — becoming light and patchy — heads down to southern england. elsewhere, we'll see clearing skies away from those showers continuing mainly in scotland. and the winds will gradually ease as well, so it points to a colder night. temperatures could be easily down to four or 5 degrees. but across southern parts of england, south of the ma, mainly, we could be left with a fair bit of cloud on sunday, a little rain now and again,

but on the whole, generally dry. further north, more in the way of sunshine. we keep some showers going across northern ireland, in particular into scotland. again, they could be quite heavy, and it's going to be a cooler day, i think, for many places. temperatures are going to struggle to make double figures. but it won't be as windy on sunday. now, looking ahead into the early part of next week, and the wind direction changing back to more of a south—westerly, a little bit milder, but we've got weather fronts on the scene as well. they're going to bring cloud and rain. it looks like the wettest weather through monday, and into tuesday, will be across more northern and western parts of the uk.

this is bbc news, the headlines... the drug company pfizer has asked american regulators for emergency authorisation for its vaccine, as the uk government says it hopes to roll it out to the public in the new year. borisjohnson gives his full support to the home secretary priti patel, despite an inquiry upholding claims against her of bullying. the secretary of state for georgia has certified thatjoe biden won the presidential election in the state. meanwhile, donald trump has invited michigan state legislators to the white house in another attempt to overturn the result of the us election. the g20 summit of the world's biggest economies is being hosted online this weekend, from the saudi capital riyadh. but the event is in danger of being overshadowed by calls for the release of political prisoners.