this is bbc news with the latest headlines. large—scale trials of a coronavirus vaccine developed by oxford university and astrazeneca show it is 70% effective at preventing covid—19, rising to 90% depending on the dosage. it really looks as if there is a vaccine which has the potential to protect against the disease. and, importantly, in anyone who had the vaccine, there were no admissions to hospital, no severe disease. the government has secured 100 million doses of the vaccine, enough for most of the population. we hope to be able to start vaccinating next month. the bulk of the vaccine roll—out programme will be injanuary, february, march. and we hope that, sometime after easter,

things will be able to start to get back to normal. close contacts of people who test positive for covid—19 in england are to be offered the chance to take daily tests, instead of going into isolation. it's expected all shops in england will be allowed to open in the lead—up to christmas, but pubs and restaurants could face tougher restrictions as part of new government measures to fight coronavirus. and lockdown, superspreader, furlough — words associated with coronavirus dominate this year's word of the year list. oxford university and the

pharmaceutical firm astrazeneca have published the preliminary results from large—scale trials of their coronavirus vaccine, showing that it is 70% effective at preventing the disease. the vaccine proved less potent than those produced by two other companies, pfizer and moderna, which were 95% effective. some data shows that protection rose to 90% when people were given a low dose followed by a high one. however, the oxford vaccine is far cheaper and is easier to store than the other two vaccines, which explains why more countries around the world have made orders, including developing countries. so when can people expect to get it? in the uk, there are four million doses ready to go, with another 96 million to be delivered. care home residents and staff will be the first in queue, followed by health care workers and the over—85s. but nothing can happen until the vaccine has been approved by regulators. the prime minister will explain later the detail of england's

return to the three—tier system when lockdown ends on december second. while parts of the tier system will be tougher, the 10pm closing time for pubs and restaurants will be relaxed, with gyms and shops reopening. the expansion of rapid testing is also expected to be announced. this would allow contacts of people who test positive. the head of the oxford vaccine, andrew pollard, gave his reaction to the study‘s findings. it really looks as if there is a vaccine which has the potential to protect against the disease and, importantly, in any one who had the vaccine, there were no admissions to hospital, no severe disease, so when we are talking about the 70% result, thatis we are talking about the 70% result, that is against all infection, including the milder forms of it, but there was no—one who ended up in hospital with severe disease.

let's speak now to professor robin shattock, head of immunity at imperial college london and in charge of their covid—19 vaccine trial. what is your reaction to the announcement from oxford today?” what is your reaction to the announcement from oxford today? i am absolutely delighted, this is really good news. we have been waiting for an announcement like this. obviously, it is an announcement, and everybody will want to pour over the detail when we come through, and we need regulatory approval, but it isa we need regulatory approval, but it is a fantastic thing that we need to applaud and to celebrate. people will be wondering, you know, if this is only 70% effective, should we ta ke is only 70% effective, should we take this vaccine, or do we want the others, which seem to have higher success rates? i think there will be a lot of discussion about these values. they are still fairly meaningless at this stage, based on fairly small numbers, and there are a lot of nuances in there. we heard andrew pollard to say that nobody ended up in hospital who had had the vaccine, so even, you know, in that

respect it is 100% effective in preventing people becoming ill or potentially dying of the disease, and that would have a massive impact on the uk. and the oxford vaccine does seem to rise to the 90% figure if it is given first of all in a low dose and then a high dose, are the datasets are not reliable, do you think? i think it is too early to say. it is really intriguing, and i am sure people will want to look at that in closer detail. ultimately, it will really depend on how the regulator view that data, and whether there is sufficient power to license the vaccine, or whether we will need more study. but it is exciting and interesting. when you say that it is difficult to read too much into the numbers, does that mean that we can't actually be sure about the 70% or 90% at all? because obviously that is important, isn't it? well, i think what it means that it? well, i think what it means that it is early days, we are talking about the effectiveness of these vaccines over a few months, and we

hope these vaccines will work for at least a year, and so there deal with those numbers may change, up or down, you know, we need to study them for a longer period of time. the good news is that all three of the vaccines that have come through will stop people ending up in hospital, that is the most important, most acute issue right now, and the benefit of the oxford vaccine is it is much easier to distribute. so in terms of the government trying to decide who gets which vaccine first, would there be a logic in giving the pfizer vaccine to the most vulnerable, if it has perhaps a slightly higher success rate, rolling out the oxford vaccine to other, less vulnerable parts of the population? i mean, obviously, thatis the population? i mean, obviously, that is in the gift of the government, but they have a tool box of vaccines that they can use in different ways, and of course we need these to be approved by the regulators. we hope they all will

be, but we may see that the data might not be of good enough quality for one or more of these. i suspect the other thing will be, you know, the other thing will be, you know, theissue the other thing will be, you know, the issue of which vaccines become available first. and what about your own trials? is your vaccine cut i have lost your picture, i do not know if you can still hear us, can you still hear us? i will keep talking to you if i can! how are your own trials going? what is the mechanism of yours compared to the others? so ours is still going ahead, we are based on an rna approach, a bit like pfizer and the moderna vaccine. obviously, you know, is more vaccines come through, we are encouraged in terms of our approach, but it also makes perhaps less of an urgency for us to produce a vaccine in such a short period of time. although potentially people will need more than one dose, won't

they? so when we hear that the government has ordered 100 million doses, it is possible people will need two, so that will cover 50 million people? that is absolutely the case, it will cover 50 million people in the uk, but that is pretty big, given that is what we have of the astrazeneca vaccine, compared with pfizer biontech, up to a0 million doses, another 20 million, thatis million doses, another 20 million, that is pretty much the uk population covered. finally, i am sure there is rivalry, but what does this say about the health of british science? oh, i think it is this say about the health of british science? oh, ithink it is fantastic news for british science, and it is amazing that an academic group has managed to push this through. it came from oxford university. we really need to embrace scientific progress in the uk, and make sure that the vaccine industry in the uk is really underpinned and grows well. professor robin shattuck, sorry to have lost your image, but

great to be able to still talk to you, thank you so much for talking to us. my pleasure. the prime minister will also introduce mass testing for all areas in tier three. mrjohnson will say rapid testing with military support, as used in liverpool, will form part of the stricter system. testing will also be rolled out for care home visitors across england from next month, with every care home resident able to have two visitors tested twice a week. it means people who live in care homes will be able to hug relatives by the end of the year, the government has said. and we'll be answering your questions on covid vaccines and testing here on the bbc news channel at 11:30. do send your questions using the hashtag #bbcyourquestions or email them using yourquestions@bbc.co.uk. we'll be putting them to our experts at 11:30. well, later today the prime minister will explain the detail of the

return of three tier system, which lockdown will bring out the 2nd of december. here is assistant political editor vicki young with a brief look at the changes expected. gyms and shops are expected to be able to reopen in all areas. the 10p mk curfew for pubs and rest rooms will be abandoned. last orders will be at ten, but customers will have an extra hour to drink up. pubs could be limited to takeaway service only in areas with the highest coronavirus levels. chris hopson is the chief executive of nhs providers, which respresents nhs trusts in england. your reaction, if i may, to the news on the oxford vaccine. your reaction, if i may, to the news on the oxford vaccineli your reaction, if i may, to the news on the oxford vaccine. i think it is very good news. if you look back a month, we would be worried that we we re month, we would be worried that we were going to be bouncing in and out of lockdowns, and it is the combination of three things, not the

vaccines by themselves, that is really important, the combination of the vaccines, the therapeutic drugs which means that people who get the virus can have significantly improved outcomes, and then the third debate is rapid turnaround testing. if those three things, we can really get them working effectively, then genuinely, i think you can see in the spring—summer, you can see in the spring—summer, you can see in the spring—summer, you can absolutely say that we could be heading very much back to normal. the issue, to be frank, it's getting over the hump of this winter when, effectively, we won't have all of those properly deployed, and in the meantime the only way we can control the virus is ensuring we have restrictions on social contact, which is precisely why the thing we are about to talk about, which is what restriction should be in place after december the 2nd, is really important. yes, so first of all, do you think we should be left in lockdown, and how to have showed new tiers be? well, we were saying, as

of last week, that we would need to see. i think the good news is that it does definitely look as though the number of cases is coming down, so that, i think, probably does point to the opportunity to come out ofa point to the opportunity to come out of a full national lockdown on december the 2nd and moved to a system of tiers, but we said two things are really important. the first is that it was pretty clear to us that the existing tier macro system, prior to lockdown, was not tough enough, so if we are to get a tougher top tier, which it sounds like we are, that is good news. the second debate is that we have to be clear about the criteria for entry into that tougher tier, and what happened before was we had long arguments between local politicians and national politicians that prevented speedy entry into those tougher restrictions, and we can't

have that again. we absolutely need to be clear that as soon as there is a need to go into tough restrictions, areas concerned go straight into them. what about christmas? do you think it is wise to lift restrictions and allow the mixing ofa to lift restrictions and allow the mixing of a christmas? what will it do to the pressure on the health service? i think it is very difficult to tell, because i don't have the detailed data of the different measures that the impact might have, but we have been very clear a ll might have, but we have been very clear all along that, effectively, if you want the nhs to treat all the patients that it needs to treat over winter, and that means covid patients, emergency patients, those who fall over on the ice and break their wrists, and all those people we have had to delay from the first phase, if we were to treat all of those all at once, we must control the flow of covid patients, that is why we have arguing clearly, let's err on the side of cutting social contacts err on the side of cutting social co nta cts of

err on the side of cutting social contacts of the number of covid patients come down, so we can ensure the nhs has the capacity required. soi the nhs has the capacity required. so i think we are all nervous about what the impact of christmas might be, but as i have said, you have good site members saying, for every day we have more relaxed restrictions, two or three days of tougher restrictions required. —— you have sage members saying. we are nervous that if we relax the restrictions too much, you can see the virus blowing up exactly as it did in the second phase, so let's hope we don't relax the rules too much and trigger a third wave, which, if it occurs at the point where we are in deep winter and the nhs is at its most busy, that really would be a major problem. many thanks indeed. we can speak now to steve baker, conservative mp and deputy chair of the covid recovery group. steve baker, i hope you could hear that, warning about the need for tougher top tier restrictions, and the real

ca re over top tier restrictions, and the real care over the winter and christmas. of course, i have got a great deal of sympathy with what he said, i am in close touch with our nhs trust locally, and i want to say thank you to them and all nhs workers. it has been awe—inspiring to see how the nhs has not only dealt with covid but also made sure that cancer treatment could continue to go ahead, so this is a complex optimisation problem, and we can't afford to neglect any side of it. so when people go without social contact, that can have a really profound impact upon them, and we all now, and in other circumstances iam sure all now, and in other circumstances i am sure nhs providers would agree with me, that poverty shortens lives, poverty worsens life chances, and we can't therefore neglect livelihoods either. but this is a complex optimisation problem, we do need to make sure we've got enough health care, that we are not pushing out people's cancer and stroke and heart care, but we have to remember,

by the same token, that if people are afraid to go to hospital because they want to protect the nhs or because they are afraid of catching covid, they will also have heart, stroke and cancer... but do you accept that we still need to have tiers going through the winter? the vaccine is amazingly brilliant news, but it is not fully being rolled out for a while. yes, of course, i accept that we need to control the virus, as somebody who represents a wide—ranging set of demographics in this population, you know, i am wide—ranging set of demographics in this population, you know, iam most concerned that we need to look after everyone. but the question is how we do it. the government's own analysis of the first lockdown, quality of life adjustments for co—morbidity seem life adjustments for co—morbidity seem to suggest the first lockdown did more harm than good. we can't go on like that. i am looking at a professional analysis that has been published, which sets out that we we re published, which sets out that we were seeing published, which sets out that we were seeing cases published, which sets out that we were seeing cases falling before lockdown began. so it is arguable,

and people can look at the data for themselves, it is arguable that we we re over themselves, it is arguable that we were over the peak before the lockdown came in... that might be that people were self—regulating because they knew the lockdown was coming, they could see the numbers going up. but could ijust say, the point about poverty and isolation, absolutely, of course we know this has damaging results, everybody would accept that, but the virus can hit instantly, instantly wiping out people young and old, it can have long—term effects, as we know, and if people are just patient and get through the next few months, surely thatis through the next few months, surely that is safer? i'm afraid talking about safe is a very interesting point, because what would you or anyone listening to this site to the young man who approached me, a young father in hospitality, because half of his income is drawn from tapes when he is furlough wood, he is only on a0% of his salary. —— because

half of his income is drawn from tips when he is furloughed. isn't that an argument for more support from your government? that is the sort of argument i would expect from the labour party, and quantitative easing represents a danger... those are long—term problems, we hope that the economy bounces back and we can pay for this, we will have to pay for this, but ultimately if we get to the next few months and are careful, you can save lives, that is what it comes down to. they say is, asi what it comes down to. they say is, as i said early on, a complex optimisation problem. you talked about r, the signs are that it was coming down before lockdown took effect. it looks like it went up when lockdown was announced, so there is a problem both for business and control of the virus of what i would call regime uncertainty. if the government keeps changing its mind, business cannot operate, if government keeps changing its mind, people will enjoy themselves while

they can. we need stability, a way to live with the virus which deals with both the covid and the non—covid harms that come from lockdown. what would you suggest? what do you and your colleagues who are pushing for less restrictions wa nt are pushing for less restrictions want the government to do it now? so let's be really clear what we are asking for. we are saying that we need to be sure that every measure the government proposes deals with the government proposes deals with the virus. an example is that npm cu rfew, the virus. an example is that npm curfew, it is not clear that deals with the virus. —— the ten npm cu rfew. with the virus. —— the ten npm curfew. closing nonessential retail certainly killsjobs, but curfew. closing nonessential retail certainly kills jobs, but it is not clear that it deals with the virus. we also want an analysis that any measure. . . we also want an analysis that any measure... isn'tjust we also want an analysis that any measure... isn't just common we also want an analysis that any measure... isn'tjust common sense, we have heard from scientists all around the world that the more you mix indoors, which you do in shops, restau ra nts, mix indoors, which you do in shops, restaurants, pubs, the more are exposed, the more you are likely to

get this virus? well, i'm sorry, i am referring to the site analysis, i think i am known to be working with scientists to come up with ideas. they are independent, but i listen closely to them. it is their own analysis that shows that closing nonessential retail and covid secure shops does not add very much to the r number. another example is schools, we have decided to keep them open, despite it offering a great opportunity to bring down r, because we know the harms from closing schools are certain, and so we have left them open. but then we faced the problem that in schools in my constituency, classrooms are sometimes half empty because the contact tracing app is working through walls at a range of four metres and sending children home. in all of these cases, we need to tease out... most patients would prefer their children to miss a few days in school but temporary on that side of

caution, surely. —— most parents. none of these systems are perfect, the government is doing its best. none of these systems are perfect, the government is doing its bestm course the government is doing its best, but the reason we have kept schools opening so that children can be in them, so if contact tracing triggers incorrectly through walls and sends them home, that is a problem for everyone.” and sends them home, that is a problem for everyone. i suppose children when supposed to have the app. schools in my constituency are telling me interesting things, one head teacher rang me to say that her classrooms are often half empty because of children having the app triggered through walls. another point she made to me is that in his school will caters for children have more or less tripled in her school. when i put the two other mps and have a council, it turns out that is the case right across buckinghamshire. this is extremely serious, and i am sorry, we can't be cavalier about any of these problems. one final thing

cavalier about any of these problems. one finalthing - is cavalier about any of these problems. one final thing - is your political set of beliefs about not wanting restrictions, which many people will share, is that overriding, in a way, the common—sense need for precautions here? for a limited time? we know the vaccine is coming, matt hancock thinks we will be through the worst by easter. would you like me to a nswer by easter. would you like me to answer your question? yes, please. it is absolutely not the case, what you have just said. it is absolutely not the case, what you havejust said. i have engaged seriously with this question throughout. some of my colleagues have taken an absolutist approach on rights, but i am very clear that a rights, but i am very clear that a right to a family life can be infringed upon to protect public health, so i have sought to be extremely pragmatic, and i think what we are asking for is a group is highly reasonable. we just asking the government to show that the measures are necessary and proportionate, that they do actually deal with the virus, and that they

save more lives than they cost. steve baker, thank you very much indeed for your time today. we appreciated, thank you. you're welcome. the government under fire from all sides, as always, chris mason is at westminster, we have to start with the vaccine news, a great day for british science and for everyone who signed up to this oxford vaccine, isn't it? yes, incredibly exciting news is how borisjohnson tweeted his reaction to this vaccine news in the last couple of hours. he still hold up, of course, in there, in self—isolation, until thursday morning, completing what will be about a ten day stint, having come into co nta ct about a ten day stint, having come into contact with a conservative mp who later tested positive. what we are going to get in the next couple of days, news on the tiers system returning in england, and the geography of how that will play out,

plus, we help, news around christmas, the strategy for what it does between now and when the various vaccines come properly onstream, because of course they have to go through regulatory checks, and then there's the whole business of manufacturing them at scale before that starts to kick in, the government hopes, at the beginning of next month, and on a far wider scale in the early months of next year. we are getting a number of announcements potentially this week, one of them is on self—isolation, perhaps being changed to daily tests for a week. now, i thought, changed to daily tests for a week. now, ithought, until changed to daily tests for a week. now, i thought, until now, changed to daily tests for a week. now, ithought, until now, we changed to daily tests for a week. now, i thought, until now, we have been told you a potentially infectious for 1a days after any contact with covid. is there any indication out of downing street that there is science behind cutting that there is science behind cutting that to seven? yeah, their argument is that the likelihood of you testing positive after seven days is

pretty small, basically, and therefore their hope, having run a pilot that will start imminently, is not opposed to you having to isolate, as the prime minister is currently doing, for 1a days from the point of potential exposure to the point of potential exposure to the virus, is that for the first seven days after you are alerted to the fact that you have been exposed, you will be tested daily. if those tests continue to come back negative, you can continue to behave normally, and once you get beyond that seven day window, you can continue to behave and act normally. of course, there was seven days often kick in and start a couple of days after you have been exposed, because the point at which the app or contact tracing system will flag up or contact tracing system will flag up your potential exposure. so by the time you get to day seven, you are quite possibly ten days on from the point of initial exposure, and the point of initial exposure, and the argument is that the likelihood beyond that point of showing a

positive result, as a result of unoriginal exposure, is negligible. and, chris, when are we going to get the details of the different tiers that regions are going to be put into, and of course christmas? the a nswer to into, and of course christmas? the answer to your first question is thursday, that is when the geography of the new tiers will be set out. we will get the detail of the new tiers system in a commons statement at around 3:30pm this afternoon, so the various restrictions in the tiers, pretty much a boasting of all three tiers, albeit with some liberalisation around the abandoning of the 10pm curfew for pubs and restau ra nts. of the 10pm curfew for pubs and restaurants. but the geography, in other words what are the rules where iam, that other words what are the rules where i am, that answer will come on thursday, the government says it needs the precious data in order to make those decisions, so it will do that on thursday ahead of it kicking and in the middle of next week. as far as christmas is concerned, a

meeting over the weekend involving all of the devolved leaders around the uk and the government here at westminster, they hoped to have it signed off by now, they haven't done, suggesting there has been disagreement. some of the ideas being kicked around, you could have three households being able to mix for a period of five days, someone suggesting perhaps 23—27th december. that is not yet signed off, still subject to further discussion, there isa subject to further discussion, there is a separate discussion between the northern ireland executive and the irish government in dublin to see if an arrangement can be arrived at as far as travel throughout the island of ireland is concerned for a period of ireland is concerned for a period of time over christmas as well. so lots of discussion and debate and announcements we expect to come in the next couple of days, as we continue to grapple with life before the vaccines with the big news this morning from oxford. chris mason, thank you very much indeed.

the former french president nicolas sarkozy goes on trial today, accused of corruption and influence—peddling. prosecuters allege mr sarkozy tried to bribe a judge, in return for information about an investigation into his party finances. he's the first former president in modern france to appear in the dock, in one of several inquiries that threaten to cast a shadow over his political career. mr sarkozy denies any wrongdoing. a co—founder of the ice bucket challenge — the viral craze which helped to raise millions of pounds for research into motor neurone disease — has died of the illness. patrick quinn, who was 37, was diagnosed with the condition seven years ago. his campaign raised $220 million — that's £163 million for vital research. for the first time, the team behind the oxford english dictionary has come up with a list of words of the year, rather than just a single word or phrase. many of them are linked to the pandemic, including "superspreader", "staycation" and "furlough".

the research by oxford languages shows that, by april this year, coronavirus had become one of the most frequently—used nouns in the english language. our media editor, amal rajan, has more. we need people to start working from home where they possibly can. and announcing an effective lockdown. but are furloughed and kept on payroll. supplies of facemasks for key health workers could be put at risk. adults who are living alone will be able to mix in their support bubble. language evolves but this year it's grown and changed faster than ever. that's why, for the first time, oxford languages are publishing words of the year — plural — rather than a single word of the year. the main driver of change is the pandemic, of course. words like furlough, staycation and coronavirus are all among the words of the year. usage of the words "remote" and "remotely" are both up by more than 300% since march. and covid is a new word for 2020.

the other big reason is that this is the "too much information" age. i know nothing about qanon. with social media spouting words every second of every day, particular words spread and gain currency faster than ever, though, intriguingly, usage of the word brexit is down by 80%. i think the words, really, that have had the most impact have to probably be, for everybody, the covid—type words, as we are calling them. so either things to do with the pandemic itself and the disease and treatment, or also the ways that we have had to adapt to life. and fascinating for me, certainly, is that these words have gone almost... we probably didn't think we ever used these words before and, suddenly, almost every conversation we are having is peppered with these words. never before in human history has so much language been around us. but 2020 always had the feeling of a landmark year. and the words we've used provide evidence aplenty. amol rajan, bbc news.

the weather has never been more important. let's find out the latest. hello. it was a cold and frosty start of the day for some of us. but we did see some sunshine. and through the day what you'll find is the cloud in the west is going to travel towards the east. so we've got some persistent rain across scotland and northern ireland, some spots of rain getting into western parts of england and wales, particularly the coasts and hills. brightest skies will be north—east scotland in south—east england. but in the north and west, gusty winds, gusting 50 to 60 mph. this evening and overnight, we hang on to the rain in the northern half of the country. still murky conditions for wales and the south—west. some clear skies, with temperatures actually rising through the night in eastern areas as the cloud cover comes across. heading on through tomorrow, we've got the rain across scotland, northern england and also northern ireland, and there will be more cloud, generally, in southern areas than today, with some clear skies

across the far north of scotland. here, we have top temperatures of about nine, ranging to 13 in london. hello this is bbc news. larges scale trials of a coronavirus vaccine developed by oxford university and astrazeneca show it is 70 per cent effective at preventing covid—19 — rising to 90% — depending on the dosage. it really looks as if there is a vaccine which has the potential to protect against the disease. and, importantly, in anyone who had the vaccine, there were no admissions to hospital, no severe disease. the government has secured 100 million doses of the vaccine — enough for most of the population. we hope to be able to start vaccinating next month. the bulk of the vaccine roll—out programme will be in january, february, march. and we hope that, sometime

after easter, things will be able to start to get back to normal. close contacts of people who test positive for covid—19 in england are to be offered the chance to take daily tests, instead of going into isolation. it's expected all shops in england will be allowed to open in the lead up to christmas but pubs and restaurants could face tougher restrictions as part of new government measures to fight coronavirus. almost three weeks after the us election, senior republicans urge donald trump to drop his attempts to overturnjoe biden's victory. sport now, and a full round up from the bbc sport centre. good morning. liverpool are back breaking records — this time it's the number of league games unbeaten at home. they've made it 6a in a row after beating leicester 3—0 to move

second in the table. they were already ahead through an own goal, when diogojota got his eighth goal for the club since he joined in september. and in response, the man whojota is putting under pressure for a place in the starting line—up, roberto firmino, got the third. congratulations. we were happy and relieved, and we deserved it so much. we played a super game. it was so important tonight and you could see it in the face of players when he scored, everybody thought exactly the right goal—scorer. there was a wonderful gesture by leeds united before their goalless draw with arsenal. leeds captain liam cooper carried out a tablet, to create a virtual experience for mascot elliot metcalfe, a 13—year—old cancer patient. the main talking point of the game itself was this however, arsenal's nicholas pepe was sent off for this headbutt. it's fair to say his manager was not best pleased.

it is unacceptable. that's it. have you had a chance to speak to nicholas in the dressing room yet? what kind of reaction did you get? it's an acceptable. at this level, you cannot do it. do you feel he let down his team—mates? you cannot do it. do you feel he let down his team-mates? it's unacceptable. dominic calvert—lewin struck twice to help everton win 3—2 at fulham. the england striker is now the premier league's top goalscorer. fulham missed a penalty for the third time this season. and again it was quite remarkable. a fortnight after ademola lookman missed a panenka—style penalty, ivan cavaleiro slipped, and his striking foot hit his other foot. sheffield united remain bottom of the table after losing at home to west ham. sebastien haller‘s strike was the only goal of the game and means the blades are still without a win this season.

rangers have made their best start to a scottish premiership season in 53 years — and they lead celtic by 11 points at the top, although they have played two games more. they thrashed third—placed aberdeen a—0 at ibrox, ryan kent with the pick of the goals. rangers have a remarkable goal difference — they've scored a1 so far this season and let injust three. in rugby union — scotland's five—match unbeaten run came to an end against france in the autumn nations cup. they were level at the break but the game turned within minutes of the restart, virimi vakatawa with the the only try of the match and it finished 22—15. that means scotland's chances of reaching the final rest on the slim chance of italy beating france in paris next week. bristol hadn't won at wasps in the premiership for 20 years, and that's still the case, after they lost by 23 points to 20. tom willis' late try helping wasps start their campaign with a narrow win.

a year after losing all of his matches on his debut at the atp world tour finals, russia's daniil medvedev has taken the title. he beat austria's dominic thiem in three sets at the o2 in london, which says goodbye to the tournament now, as it heads to turin for a five—year stint. this is the biggest win of medvedev‘s career and he's the first player in the 50—year history of the event to beat the world's top three in the same week. adam peaty set another world record in the men's100 metre breastroke on the last day of competition in the international swimming league in budapest. he beat his own short—course mark, setjust a week ago, with a time of 55.a1 seconds. peaty holds three world records now. he's certainly looking in good form ahead of next year's olympics. there was a spot of deja vu in the final of the northern

ireland open snooker. for the third year in a row, judd trump beat ronnie o'sullivan by 9 frames to 7. it was at a different venue, at least — it was staged in milton keynes this year, becasue the marshall arena has on—site accommodation, meaning everyone involved could stay within the complex. and today it's the start of the uk snooker championship at the same venue, but anthony hamilton and ryan day are both out after testing positive for covid—19. that's all from me for now. more now on the coronavirus vaccine developed by oxford university, which stops 70% of people developing covid symptoms, and, in certain doses, as much as 90%. the astrazeneca executive vice president sir mene panglos has said immunisations could begin in december if the regulators give the new vaccine the go—ahead.

we are extremely excited, because what the data has shown us is that the vaccine is clearly effective, in terms of reducing infections. it's clearly a factor in terms of reducing people getting sick, and going to hospital. it is potentially reducing transmission. and i think it's got every chance of being a very successful, very effective vaccine that can get us back to normal. we've got the results yesterday, and we still have a lot to get through, there's a lot more data still to come. but i think what i'm very confident about is that people are not getting sick with this vaccine, which means that, ultimately, even if you are to get ill, you would have mild symptoms. i think that is incredibly important, because it will keep hospital beds free, and people want to be dying from this virus. i think one of the

real benefits of this vaccine is the fa ct real benefits of this vaccine is the fact that we can manufacture it at scale. it is a relatively easy vaccine to distribute around the world. i hope if the regulators is deemed a vaccine to be safe and effective, which i hope they will, we can start immunising people in december. the health secretary matt hancock also believes vaccination could start next month. we hope to be able to start vaccinating next month. the bulk of the vaccine roll—out programme will be injanuary, february, march and we hope that sometime after easter things will be able to start to get back to normal. so this is really, really positive news, as i say, to have a... ..in one of the formulations of the doses, to have an effectiveness of 90%,

is really excellent, 70% overall. the oxford jab is far cheaper than the two other potential vaccines who have reported results this month, and is easier to store, meaning it will be able to get to every corner of the earth more easily than the other two. let's speak now to david nabarro, special envoy of the world health organization, and its director general on covid—19. your reaction to this amazing news? it is bright sunlight where i am, and you may not be able to see it, but i have such a big smile on my face. my face is all creased up and iamso face. my face is all creased up and i am so pleased. you just said it in your report, this is a relatively inexpensive vaccine. it is a vaccine that can be kept at normal fridge

temperature. and it is a vaccine that does seem, as we heard, in certain dose combinations, to be as effective as some of the other vaccines that need to be kept under different circumstances, and will be more expensive. so, this is really good. and i'm so, so excited. congratulations to all involved. the scientists, the volunteers, 50,000 of them. great. but, as with all good bits of news, there is always that extra bit. there is still work to be done to take all the data, and there is more data to come in, to there is more data to come in, to the regulators so that they can decide whether they are ok to give an emergency use authorisation for the uk, or whether they think more work has to be done. and then we

have one other thing, which is this vaccine is not going to reach everybody in britain, and certainly not everybody in the world, until at least april. and i think it may take longer. there are still steps that have to be worked through. and so we must be really careful, and we must have brilliant test, trace and isolate, even with the new ideas and isolation. if we make a bit of a mistake in the coming four months, or five mistake in the coming four months, orfive months, mistake in the coming four months, or five months, and mistake in the coming four months, orfive months, and we end up with really big surge shares of the virus, then it will create a big problem for us. —— surges. please, everybody, in anticipating all of the vaccine is coming through, please follow the requests up until then. please be careful. because this is still a really horrible and

dangerous virus. of course, it is indeed. in terms of the numbers protection, 70% or 90% since quite a big difference. what do you make of that, the idea that if you give a half dose first, it seems to be working better? i saw that, always with these kinds of approaches, you are depending on the way the body reacts to the vaccine. it's super ha rd to reacts to the vaccine. it's super hard to predict in advance, even when you have done all sorts of trials first. so, yes, they came out with this idea that the smaller dose at the beginning, followed by a rather larger booster dose, gives you this very high coverage. at work still has to be done to check that out. i am not exercised whether it is 70% or 90%, when we are dealing with vaccines, that level of protection, 70%, is pretty good. so,

let's just take away with us the fa ct let's just take away with us the fact that there is this extraordinary piece of work being done by astrazeneca and oxford university, it is something that we can keep in the fridge and it seems to be an awful lot cheaper than some of the other candidates around. that's the great news. you say you don't think it will be necessarily covering everyone even by april, how long do you think it will take, and why do you think it will take more time? first of all, i look at this globally. you know, yes, britain needs to be protected. but, actually, britain can't war itself off from the rest of the world. the whole world needs to be able to be protected. and that will require several vaccines and a massive programme. and i am really looking into that, for my sphere of reference. and that will take well into 21, and probably into 22. and that must be our goal. because viruses don't respect national

borders. secondly, there is britain. and just everybody knows that not everybody in the uk is at the point where they are saying, i'm ready to ta ke where they are saying, i'm ready to take a vaccine. there are some who wa nt to take a vaccine. there are some who want to be quite convinced. they wa nt to want to be quite convinced. they want to look at the safety data, and they want to look at other things. so, i'm just being careful. if things can happen quickly, then i will be the happiest man in the world, honestly. how do you think we should proceed in terms ofjudging who gets which vaccine? is there an argument for if the pfizer and moderna numbers are a bit better, to give the most vulnerable, the older generations that a vaccine, and roll out the oxford vaccine to people that are a bit younger? first of all, this must be the decision of the uk authorities. for somebody like me, outside the uk, to be making prescriptions could be super dangerous. secondly, iwant making prescriptions could be super

dangerous. secondly, i want to say that, looking at how to use the different vaccines, it depends on a whole mix of things. the logistics of giving the vaccine, the challenges of administration, what more we learn about safety, whether or not vaccines are better tolerated in certain groups of people. let's wait a bit on that one. but good point, anita, to bring it up. because in real life, you usually end up with several vaccines and you choose one or the other, based on what you know about how well they are tolerated and how effective they are tolerated and how effective they are in different groups in the population. i should have said earlier, it is geeta, not anita, she will be here later in the week. so sorry. don't worry at all. in terms of the global reach, other countries around the world have ordered the oxford vaccine, partly because of the price. what difference does that make? and how, again, do you allow for safe travel? do you think there

needs to be some kind of vaccine passport that permits people to mix and fly? i think all of the tribal people, whether it is the international association —— the travel people, whether it is the international association of travel bodies, the un international civil aviation authority and many other groups in europe, they are all looking at this question. again, it is likely to involve some kind of certification that you are free of the virus. and i am sure there will also be the introduction of some kind of certification. i am not sure where that will fit in. and i shouldn't be making a statement on that more than just making it out. the most important thing to say is that, actually, we have to find a system where everybody in the world can system where everybody in the world ca n a ccess system where everybody in the world can access vaccines. it's the only way to deal with this problem. there, iam really way to deal with this problem. there, i am really pleased that the risk—sharing initiative has been set

up, 186 countries are involved. it is called covax. britain has been a really important actor in this, and thatis really important actor in this, and that is what we need for the future. is there not logic to ask if there are ten vaccines that are seriously close now, as we are seeing, to final results, that once you find the best, everybody should just actually make, manufacture and distribute that one. what is the point of having different approaches? one of the biggest challenges in life, and for an international body like the world health organization, is to try to help countries appreciate and be co mforta ble help countries appreciate and be comfortable with the idea of coming together behind a main and effective substance, whether it is a vaccine ora substance, whether it is a vaccine or a treatment. over time, that is what happens. at the beginning, particularly now, with everybody on tenterhooks to find a solution to

the pandemic, we will have a time where there is a best of apparent competition and uncertainties of which is the way to go. we are in a good path. there will be at least one effective vaccine coming through the process, as long as we get good safety data, we will be comfortable with that. over time, we will standardise around that. i'm not tea. the moment that it will take a little bit of time to get there. i'm very happy with the quality of cooperation and the way in which different countries are working together. on the safety point, if people think, i'd rather wait a few months and let other people take the vaccine before i have it, what would you say? we don't know the very long—term effects, but we have heard that vaccine side effects tend to be immediate if they are going to

happen? yes, that is the point i would say to everybody. you usually pick up bad side effects early on with these vaccines. that is why, out of the more than 200 candidates that have gone into the trials, at the moment we have only got less than the number of fingers i have on one hand that have come through. there will be more. but the reality is that you really weed out the ones that are going to be unsafe early on. and i think that we should trust the regulators. they are used to dealing with these kinds of situations. they have got all sorts of standards that they apply. they are not going to give emergency use authorisation for a vaccine that is not, in their view, safe to offer to the public of the country where the regulators have responsibility. so, i'm going to say, rely on the

regulators. that's what theirjob is. many thanks indeed. we are grateful for your time. thank you very much indeed. research suggests spending money locally doesn't just help small businesses, but can have a wider impact on the community. the report from visa, which was carried out with the centre for economic & business research, also found more than 80% of those surveyed plan to support local businesses at least as much as, or more than, before the pandemic. our business presenter ben thompson has more on this. we are all wondering about when the shops open, where we are going to go. i guess the answer seems to be local? yes, good morning. you are absolutely right. so many of us may be rediscovering our local high streets, rather than city or town centres right now. it has given a much—needed boost to those areas which perhaps before the crisis began were pretty empty between the

hours of 9—5, may be nipping out for a coffee, using your local shop, all of that has got a bit of a boost as a result of the pandemic. that's not to say they have had it easy. many of them have had to adapt. many of them have had to do things differently because of restrictions that have been put in place. you are right, the new study this morning suggesting that for every £10 that we spend locally, £3.80 of that is retained in the local community. therefore, that has the power to change the places that we live. let's talk about some of these applications with the firm behind the research, we can speak tojenny mundy, managing director of visa in the uk and ireland. morning. £3.80 out of every £10 is retained locally. just explain how you came up locally. just explain how you came up with the numbers and how it works. we have parted, as you said, with the centre for economics and business research, and we found that of the £10 that we spend, nearly £a stays within the local community,

either through the people shopping there, clearly, the people working there, clearly, the people working there, and then when they go on to spend their money. it is a great piece of research, and i think it gives us a lot of reasons to feel positive about the impact that we can make in our local communities. now, these figures also suggest 5a%, more than half of us, our thinking about doing some of our shopping locally. when we say locally, we are sort of suggesting independent retailers. but that's not to say chains are not on local high streets, too. but a good news picture in terms of supporting local businesses that might not have the cash reserves that the big businesses have to get them through the crisis? yes, we love our high streets in this country. and right the way across britain. we are proud of them, we feel fiercely passionate about our high streets. and i think coming in the run—up to christmas, and with the torrid year that we have had, we are really trying to

encourage people to shop locally, and to keep those high streets thriving. and a lot of those small businesses have been incredibly entrepreneurial and have already found ways to move online, the capability like delivery, for example, click and collect. all of these are just adding to their diversity and our ability to support them. and most of us feel very passionate about doing just that. sometimes it can feel like what difference can i make as an individual? but 65% of spending in the country as consumer spending. every decision we make individually about where we shop can have an impact. i think it is really important now, more than ever, that we keep our communities alive, shop local and think about shopping local for christmas. jenny, you say we love our high streets, and we

absolutely are passionate about them. but do we love them enough? because other figures suggest we are all going to do our shopping online this year because we don't want to be stuck in the christmas sales rush, we don't want to be out there with a worry about the virus, and therefore this is the year where online really steals the lead?” agree. but a lot of our local businesses now are online. at visa, we have set ourselves, we target to help more than 8 million businesses across europe go online in the coming years. having that online presence is coming years. having that online presence is more coming years. having that online presence is more important than ever. but you can shop local and be online. both of those things can be true. fascinating, isn't it, how businesses adapted to make the most of the opportunities. you are right, so many of them had to change how they operate, click and collect, improving their website on that sort of thing. very good to see you. jenny mundy, the managing director for visa in the uk and ireland. jenny mundy, the managing director forvisa in the uk and ireland. it

is worth thinking about if you are planning your christmas shopping at this point, you might want to think about your local high street and may be using local independent businesses to give them a much—needed boost, to get them through the worst of this. just to reiterate those figures, of every £10 we spend locally, £3.80 of it is keptin £10 we spend locally, £3.80 of it is kept in your local community. so the money comes right back. worth thinking about. that mix of online shopping is probably the most likely for us. let's catch up with the weather. hello. as we go through this week, it is going to turn colder by day and by night, and we will see a return to some patchy fog as well. some of that, slow to clear during the day. what we have today, still mild today after a cold start. it's going to be cloudy, it's going to be breezy. the best of the sunshine today will be across the south—east and also the north—east of scotland.

because in the west, low pressure is bringing us some weather fronts. and those fronts are bringing some rain. gusty winds, also, across the far north and west of scotland. gusting 50 mph or 60 miles per hour. so, after a sunny start, we will see more cloud building across england and wales. some spots of rain, in south—west england, wales, and to north—west england, some drizzle here as well. but the heavy rain will be across parts of northern ireland and western scotland. the temperature range, 9—13 degrees. as we head onto the evening and overnight period, we will once again have the rain across the northern part of the country. murky across parts of wales and also south—west england, particularly coasts and hills. and some clear spells to boot as well. as we go through the night, we are going to find temperatures in the east will actually start to rise, as more cloud cover comes across. for tuesday itself, we still do have a weather front. it's a waving front. it's doing a bit of this. still bringing some rain across parts of scotland, into northern ireland. could also bring some

rain in across cumbria and the pennines at times as well. come further south, the cloud thick enough for the old spot, particularly in the west. some brightness, but generally tomorrow more cloud in southern areas than today. across the far north of scotland, we could well see some sunshine, with temperatures here 9 degrees, rising to about 13 in london and plymouth. tuesday into wednesday, we still do have our weather front. but this time, the cold front is sinking southwards. behind it, what you will find is it is going to turn much colder than it has been. but, equally, much more settled as well. so, the milder yellows being pushed away by the colder blues. that spreads across the whole of the uk eventually. so, to put some graphics on that, you can see wednesday we have the tail end of that weather front in the south that will eventually clear. behind it, a lot of dry weather, but colder. and colder again on thursday.

this is bbc news with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. large—scale trials of a coronavirus vaccine developed by oxford university and astrazeneca show it is 70% effective at preventing covid—19, rising to 90% depending on the dosage. it really looks as if there is a vaccine which has the potential to protect against the disease. and importantly, in anyone who had the vaccine, there were no admissions to hospital, no severe disease. the uk government has secured 100 million doses of the vaccine — enough for most of the uk population. we hope to be able to start vaccinating next month. the bulk of the vaccine roll—out programme