bo'fth, with, your dark day. good to see you both. your anonymity is blown! that's over. thank you very much. you're watching bbc breakfast. it's 8:59. this is bbc news with the latest headlines most of england is expected to be placed in the two toughest tiers of coronavirus restrictions when the national lockdown ends next wednesday. health secretary matt hancock will set out the plans in the commons later this morning. i'm confident that the last four weeks has made a difference, the numbers are all heading in the right direction. and of course, although christmas is not going to be normal, hopefully, after last four weeks, we can move to a better place and more testing, with some light at the end the tunnel. warnings the average pay packet could fall by more than a £1,000 a year by 2025 — due to the impact of the pandemic. let us know your reaction to yesterday's spending review and what it means for you.

on twitter, it's @annita—mcveigh or #bbcyourquestions. we'll be speaking to pauljohnson from the imstitute of fiscal studies in the next hour. 0le, ole, ole, ole! three days of mourning begin in argentina to celebrate the life of the football legend diego maradona. donald trump pardons his former national security adviser michael flynn, who pleaded guilty to lying to the fbi about russian interference in the american elections of 2016. scientists at the university of bristol are working to enable people to heal after surgery — without scarring — in the first research project of its kind in the world. and coming up this hour. the extraordinary story of a mum of three who says coronavirus saved her life.

people living in england will find out later what restrictions they'll be living under when the nation—wide lock down ends next week. the health secretary is today expected to announce that most of england will be placed in the two toughest tiers of new stricter coronavirus restrictions. it's thought the majority of areas, including london, will be in tier 2 and what's described as ‘significant numbers in tier 3. tier three means pubs and restaurants can provide takeaway only, households can't mix unless outdoors in a public space, and being in tier 3 will mean help from the armed forces with community testing using rapid lateral flow tests which give results within an hour. deciding which area is placed in what tier is based on the number of cases, particularly in the over—60s,

pressure on the nhs, including current and projected bed capacity, and local context, such as how outbreaks are contained. a formal announcement will be made by the health secretary, matt hancock, at 11:30 this morning. from westminster, our political correspondent helen catt sent this report. the shutters will come up on shops, gyms and hairdressers everywhere in england next week, as lockdown ends. but what else opens again will depend on where you live. the government will announce later this morning, which level of its new tier system it's decided will apply in each area. so what's likely to happen? only a handful of areas are expected to go into tier 1, where groups of up to six people will be able to meet again, indoors or outdoors. pubs and restaurants can open, with last orders at 10:00pm and closing at 11:00pm.

most of england is likely to be in tier 2. groups of up to six people will still be able to meet outdoors, but not indoors, unless in a support bubble. pubs can only reopen if they're operating as restaurants, and alcohol can only be served with a substantial meal. but some areas will be in the highest level of restrictions. pubs and restaurants will be forced to provide takeaway only, and there'll be no mixing of households, except up to six people in public outdoor spaces, like parks. london is expected to be put into tier 2. some areas of northern england have already had months of tight restrictions and fear they are headed for tier 3. i think it's more likely than not that the government will put us in tier 3, given the statements that ministers have made about the majority of people being disappointed and practically nobody being in tier1. i think they're giving a very clear steer that they are going to err on the side of caution. other areas like lincolnshire were in the lowest tier before lockdown.

cases have soared in some parts of the county, but not in others. they're among several local authorities and mps who've appealed to the government to take that into account, and not to impose higher tiers across entire counties. we've got areas on the east coast which are pretty high at the moment, although they are coming down, and we've got other areas inland which are below the national average. and it would seem very perverse to actually force businesses and families to endure the highest restrictions, when there's actually no need in those particular areas. the government says it will look at local context as a factor. that could include if an area is a commuter zone or has lots of students, for example. rapid community testing will be offered to areas which do go into tier 3. in liverpool, it's been credited with helping to cut transmission of the virus. the government says doing that is key to moving back down the tiers. it's promising to review the allocations by december 16th. helen catt, bbc news, westminster.

0ur political correpsondent iain watsonjoins me from downing street now. morning to you iain. so as people round england wait the find out which tier their area will be in other key questions is will some counties be be allowed to have two different tiers and if the government is starting from the position it is better off to put more areas in a hiring tier and move downwards when possible, what will the cite are be for doing that? —— criteria it is going to be extensive. it won't be about pressures on the nhs, will be the previous lens of the virus overall but the prevalence of virus for the over—60s, how many people are likely to get a more severe infection. there will be a range of different criteria in total, five, before deciding to move areas down or

indeed upa deciding to move areas down or indeed up a tier, i think potentially what we will so a cautious approach because we already know that the government's going to relax the rules, restrictions for five days over christmas, so it may well feel it is perhaps better to put some areas in a hiring tier at this stage than when it is reviewed on 16th december, that perhapsjust ahead of christmas, things can perhaps ease up or perhaps how things go over christmas, that means political difficulties for the governments because some of their own mps as you were saying are worried about for example how the tiers will be drawn up, if it a whole county, then certainly there has been as we heard from helen's piece in lincolnshire people are saying the areas have relatively low prevalence could be lumped in with high prevalence, similar argument has been made by both councillors and conservative mps too in kent. so some pressure on the government on

that front, but earlier this morning the chancellor rishi sunak decided to accentuate the positive and tell us to accentuate the positive and tell us there would be light at the end of the tunnel. what i can say is that people will see a tangible change, wherever they are, compared to the last four weeks, where we have been living with these difficult restrictions. as you saw on monday, in the statement that they set out, there are significant differences, regardless to the tiers. so, more of our life can resume, more of our economic activity can resume. i know how difficult this is, not just for families before businesses. we put a lot of support in to help businesses and to help local councils get through this. i am confident the last four which has made a difference. the numbers are heading in the right direction and, of course, although christmas is not going to be normal, hopefully, after the last four weeks, we can't move to a better place, with more testing, there is some light at the end of the tunnel. so putting a positive front on things the chancellor rishi sunak,

but i should say o course what he is referring to in his answer the there was as of next week in england of course, certain thing also change from the national lockdown, nonessential retail as it is called will re—open. barber, hairdressers and so on, so thing also feel very different but we should emphasise that the tier system will be slightly different from tier system that existed before the national lockdown, so for example, in tier 2 much tougher restrictions on hospitality, no indoor mixing but if you are going for a meal in a ewreath rant you can only do with your own household, tier 3 restau ra nts a nd your own household, tier 3 restaurants and pubs limited to a ta ke restaurants and pubs limited to a take away and thrivery service, how long that will last will be preying on the minds of mps but some mps in boris johnson's party that will determine how big a rebellion he will face when mps get to votes on restrictions earlier next week. will face when mps get to votes on restrictions earlier next week. let's get more on this

and speak to susan michie, professor of health psychology and director of the centre for behaviour change at university college london, and a member of sage, the government's scientific advisory group for emergencies. good to have you with us today, thank you for your time. individual behaviour, and collective behaviour, so important in all of this, but we are led to ebelieve that the majority of areas in england in this new tier system will be in tougher tiers, do you think people will struggle with that, or will that be tempered by the knowledge that there will be some relief from the restrictions over christmas? will that help? well before this lockdown, actually more people wa nted lockdown, actually more people wanted more restrictions than fewer, because i think people do see that if the reproductive rate, the r number isn't below one is only way is upfor number isn't below one is only way is up for the transmission and that means more people getting the illness, ending up in hospital and sadly dying, so, i think people are realising that this is a serious situation still, and yes, i think

that people are incredibly motivated, to keep numberses to a level where by we will be able to bet together with family and loved ones over the christmas periods. and i know i haven't heard a single scientist who is suggesting anything other than people getting together over christmas unfortunately does create the conditions in which this virus can be transmitted. but if we try to balance this out with the pressure that people have been feeling over the year, at not being able to see their friends and loved ones in the normal way, do you think that getting together over christmas will give people enough of, i hesitate the use the word break but you know what i mean, enough of a breakfrom you know what i mean, enough of a break from the restrictions to say well, if i need to push through into the spring, before a vaccine arrives, then i can do it?|j the spring, before a vaccine arrives, then i can do it? i think what most people want is for this pandemic to be over, and so i think people are resolved to get there, i

think the idea of the vaccination coming next year, i think really is helpful for focussing people, we wa nt helpful for focussing people, we want the keep everybody alive, until they can get this vaccination, i think that it is really important because we are allowed to meet with two other households, it doesn't mean we have to. because we are allowed odd that over five day, it doesn't mean we have to meet with those one or two households each of those one or two households each of those five days, because we mustn't forget the more people we see, over the longer period, and in closer proximity, especially if it is indoors, the more that virus is going to do what it does, which is going to do what it does, which is go from one person to another. and if people are indoor, mine, much better to meet people outdoor, drinks on the pave. going for walking to, but if you are indoors, really important to keep good event lacing, so lots of layers of clothes

and keep the windows open for 15 minutes every hour and the best way of dealing with this, is to just imagine that somebody in your group however well you know them, is infectious. well that he is the science, that is good advice, let us look at the announcement we are expecting, very soon today, a eventually on the tier system in england. how helpful do you think it will be if people in various areas have a clear idea of what the pathway out of a higher tier might be, what they have to do, individually and collectively again to achieve that? well, we know that the clearer the information about not only what people should be doing, but why they should be doing it, the more that people will adhere to it. the more that people perceive things to be just and fair, the more they will adhere to it. and the more that people see other people adhering to these restrictions, the

more that people do it. so, really important, that every single person very sensibly —— visibly ensures they are sticking to these rules, and if people are inviting you, into their house, when you know that is not allowed, it can be awkward, or if somebody comes up to give you a hug, it can be awkward. really important to learn communication skills of how one cannot offend other people or reject them, but just explain why you are sticking to the rules because actually it is the way of stopping transmission and stopping this pandemic, so we can all get back to the lives we want to. you will be aware that a number of counties in england, lancashire among them have been lobbying central government to suggest that within the county there should be different tiers, do you think that isa different tiers, do you think that is a good idea, looking at a purely scientifically, is it workable if

someone can think, oh, if i nip a couple of miles along the road i can behave in a more relaxed way than if i stay at home in my immediate area? because people move around, whether they move round to go to work, to see people, they move round to go shopping, it means that going from one community into another community, is a risky business, and if one begins to have different tiers within the locality, it practically is really going to be very very difficult to organise, it is going to be very confusing, and i think itjust muddies the waters, i think itjust muddies the waters, i think the only way we are going to defeat this pandemic is as a country, and so people need to realise yes, it may seem that this tier is too high but the particular area i lovely in, but we are all in this together, we are not going to

be able to defeat this virus area by area, so we need to see that not only do we have to think in regions, but we also while r is above one, these numbers are going up and up and up, so whatever tier you are in, you are likely to go up to another one, unless we can get those r numbers down. the only way of getting the r numbers down is to separate those people who are infected, or maybe infected, from those who are not. and this is why good test trace and isolate system is absolutely essential, because the vaccines going to do no good for this current wave, hopefully prevent a third wave, meanwhile, we really do need to get the test and tracing isolating working so we can avoid any future lockdowns. 0k, thank you very much. pleasure. the institute for fiscal studies says spending cuts or tax rises

could be needed if the chancellor is to bring the public finances back under control. the ifs director pauljohnson says rishi sunak may end up borrowing much more than than the amount he set out in yesterday's spending review, as he has not allocated money for covid—related costs after next year. and we'll speak to pauljohnson here on bbc news at ten to ten this morning. among the announcements made yesterday by the chancellor was an extra £1 billion for social care services. but council directors in england say the funding falls "alarmingly short" of the money needed to meet demand. james bullion is the president of the the association of directors of adult social services. thank you for your time today. so one billion allocated by the chancellor, what sort of sum do you think is needed? well, we called for certainty, what we have ended up with here, is fragmented pots of

money and short—term approaches, we said that we needed 1.3 billion just to keep place with demography and inflation, let alone to take any steps that would further protect social care, people, or to steps that would further protect social care, people, orto pay steps that would further protect social care, people, or to pay for additional costs of the workforce, so this falls way short of what is needed for the sector, and we need to remember, 700 millions of this is through raising the council tax in councils and 300 million is shared between children's services and aduu between children's services and adult services. so tell us more about, well, you asked for 1.3 billion additional funds, you have got an additional! billion as we have said. what exactly is that money needed for, where are the areas where the shortfall is most obvious? well, we needed 1.3 billionjust shortfall is most obvious? well, we needed 1.3 billion just to stand still. we still went into this financial year and the next financial year and the next financial year and the next financial year with councils facing reductions in their overall grant,

and they are still in that position, so, to some extent the money is very welcome and it helps us stave off a catastrophe, but what it doesn't do is improve the situation, it doesn't enable us for example to incentivise more people no work in social care by paying a better social care wage, so 120,000 vacancies i can would be filled if we better impro the terms an conditions of the workforce. so the quality of the care will suffer, is that what you are saying simply because people are too stretched to offer the sort of adult care services that you provide? inevitably if councils can't invest in prevention and if companies providing care can't pay staff moren then that puts a strain on the reach of care services and their quality. what is the way ahead then? this is a spending forecast for the next, spending plan for the next year. is

it just spending plan for the next year. is itjust enough to sustain you through the next year with the hope that beyond that there may be more money available to you? think there isa money available to you? think there is a shortfall here which will result in services being reduced next year for result in services being reduced next yearfor some area, result in services being reduced next year for some area, where, particularly those areas that are poorer and can't benefit so much from a precept in their council tax, and it will also mean that we can't ta ke and it will also mean that we can't take a long o term approach to social care alongside the nhs. the nhs have said 6 billion of funding, quite right they got that, it means social care won't be able to support the nhs as well as we normally can, by working together in an integrated way. i guess the part you play as pa rt way. i guess the part you play as part of the health ecosystem if we look at it like that, that is where some your most fundamental concerns come into play, it needs, we have had any number of experts saying that the system needs to be joined up that the system needs to be joined up and working well in all its parts for the whole system to function well. what the pandemic has shown is

when councils and the nhs work together, particularly round vulnerable people in the community, say those who were previously shielding or those who are vulnerable, we can really do things together, that are powerful at stopping people being admitted into hospital and then going on to need further care services. if councils have got the bear minimum to keep themselves standing but no money for investment in prevention it means we can't advance that way of working, and reduces overall costs in the long—term. and reduces overall costs in the long-term. james bullion, thank you very much. three days of national mourning has begun in argentina, following the death of football legend diego maradona. maradona famously led his country to victory in the 1986 world cup and is considered one of the greatest footballers of all time. he died of a heart attack at the age of 60. natalio cosoy reports.

brought to tears and brought to his knees. a fan plays tribute to diego maradona. here at la bombonera, the home of boca juniors, an informal shrine in memory of the club's greatest player. all across buenos aires, all across argentina they gathered, to celebrate a glorious and colourful life. if you want to know what maradona meant for argentinians, you need only to come here to the centre of buenos aires this evening, tojoin these hundreds of maradona fans dressed in argentina and boca junior kits, who came here to chant, to shout and to cry for their hero. translation: he is eternal. and here, diego will continue to be history.

he made us known all over the world. translation: i want to cry. i really want to cry. argentina is gone. argentina died today. at every champions league match a minute's silence was held in his memory, the latest generation of players and coaches saying goodbye to one of the greats. he made the world of football better. his performance in, you know, down in napoli, a team for the south, and especially the national team in argentina, mexico 86, was something unbelievable. in naples, in barcelona they grieved. but it's here in argentina where the pain is felt the deepest. world football has lost a legend. but this country has lost one of its favourite sons. natalio cosoy, bbc news, back to coronavirus now, and the nightingale hospital in exeter will receive its first covid patient today.

the hospital — built on the site of a former retail unit — will treat people with coronavirus transferred from the royal devon and exeter nhs foundation trust, which is "very busy". yesterday, the government recorded another 696 uk deaths within 28 days of a positive covid test, the highest daily figure reported since 5th may. ben bradshaw, the labour mp for exeter, joins me now. good morning to you. a couple of weeks ago, november 10th i think to be precise, you spoke in the commons virtual through and said that local hospital bosses wanted to use the nightingale hospital but there weren't enough nurses and doctors to work there, presumably that has changed? yes, it has according to the local nhs, they have been wanting do this for rail week several weeks but they did haven't

the resource, the staff to do so, six—and—a—half % of my local hospital staff are off at the moment either with covid themselves or they are self—isolating, that comes on top of the cuts in staffing of the last ten years so i am pleased the local nhs has managed to find the staff to staff this hospital, and ta ke staff to staff this hospital, and take the pressure off both exeter and other hospitals in devon that are seeing a worse peak now than they did in the first wave back in they did in the first wave back in the spring. where have the staff been found from ? the spring. where have the staff been found from? i am afraid you will have to ask them that, i don't know. you are not party that information yet. i was curious because we have been talking about coronavirus costs, for the public purse, current and future, so i was wondering if you had any insight whether these were agency staff, how they had been found? well, i am afraid you will have to put that question to the local nhs, all i know from the statement they put out last night they have found the staff from elsewhere. whether that is elsewhere in devon for south—west

where the pressures are not so great and they assure us and the public and they assure us and the public and local mps they have done so without risking the safety of care where those staff are coming from, so, i mean i think we have to take that assurance on trust from our local nhs managers. what is have you been told about the pressure on hospitals, other hospitals at the moment, give us your insight from what you have been hearing and the conversations you have been having? we have right hand 125 patients in my local hospital, covid patients, five whole words wards, there is a problem with covid inside the hospital, one of the reasons the hospital, one of the reasons the hospital is very keen to get covid patients out into the nightingale is no only to help address that problem, but also to help ease the pressure on all the other services that are being put on hold, mine elective care is as i understand it been completely put on hold at the moment because of the pressures, fortu nately we moment because of the pressures, fortunately we are not seeing the same level of deaths at the same

level of need for intensive care as the first wave but the pressures are greater now than in the spring and this does put into context the discussions about relaxing the rules next week. coming on to that, are you expecting from everything you have been telling us exeter and the wired area to go into tier 3 today? well, i hope not, but if you look the overall figures for exeter devon and south—west, they are very low, we are less than half the english average and figures are coming down, it would be extremely unfortunate because of pressures at one or two hospitals, it meant we were not in the tier we should be in, going from the tier we should be in, going from the actual covid figures across the city county or region, and i think that would reflect badly on the failure of the government to make sure we have capacity to deal with the problem when infection levels are far lower than they are in most of the rest of the country. so you think area should be in tier 1?

well, if there is anywhere in tier! it should be parts of the south—west. the south—west along with parts of south—east england have the very lowest levels, much lower than the english average, so if there are any areas in the lowest tier then certainly all or parts of the south—west should be in that tier, but again, ourtiershould not be skewed by very localised capacity problems in individual hospital, that would be very unfair on the rest of the community, the rest of the county or even region concerned. 0k, ben bradshaw, very good to talk to you this morning thank you for that. a former porter at great 0rmond street hospital in london has been charged with dozens of child sex offences. paul farrell is believed to have worked at the children's hospital from the mid 1980s until his arrest in january and is accused of assaulting seven victims between 1985 and 2018. he will appear in court tomorrow. in a statement the hospital confirmed he had been dismissed. two of the uk's largest pub

operators have announced more than 2000 job losses this morning. mitchells and butlers, which runs chains including all bar one and harvester, said it had cut 1300 roles. meanwhile fuller's, which runs almost 400 pubs, said it was reducing its number of staff by around a thousand. of staff by around one thousand. germany is seeking an agreement with eu countries to keep ski resorts closed until early january, in an attempt to curb the spread of coronavirus. the news came as the country extended its partial lockdown until the 20th of december. some of the early coronavirus hotspots in europe were at ski resorts, helping spread infections across the continent. the bbc has learned that a convicted terrorist, who's refused to cooperate with the public inquiry into the manchester arena bombing, is to be released from prison this week. lawyers want to ask abdalraouf abdallah about his links to the suicide bomber, salman abedi. 22 people were killed in the attack in may 2017.

now, the weather with carol kirkwood. hello again. for many of us, after a cold start, well, there's a lot of dry weather around and also some sunshine. it's not everywhere. we've got a weather front draped across the channel islands in southern england, producing a fair bit of cloud and some splashes of rain. and we've also got some fog, which will be slow to clear, particularly across the midlands and also lincolnshire. that will hold back the temperatures. temperatures generally seven to about ten. a little bit higher where we've got the cloud cover. that will be with us again tonight, with some further spells of rain. we have a new weather front coming in to the north—west, introducing thicker cloud and also some rain. in between, its going to be cold, there will be some frost and there will be some dense fog patches, particularly so across england and wales. now, some of that will be slow to clear tomorrow, especially lincolnshire, yorkshire for example. and that will hold

the temperatures back. still some rain coming in across scotland, still some rain coming in across the south of england. those are the temperatures, eight to 11. hello this is bbc news. most of england is expected to be placed in the two toughest tiers of coronavirus restrictions when the national lockdown ends next wednesday. health secretary matt hancock will set out the plans in the commons later this morning. there are warnings the average pay packet could fall by more than a thousand pounds a year by 2025 — due to the impact of the pandemic. three days of mourning begin in argentina to celebrate the life of the football legend diego maradona. donald trump has pardoned his former national security adviser michael flynn, who pleaded guilty to lying to the fbi about russian interference in the american elections of 2016.

scientists at the university of bristol are working to enable people to heal after surgery without scarring in the first research project of its kind in the world. sport, and for a full round up, from the bbc sport centre, here's mike buschell. iam sure i am sure you are beginning with diego maradona. 0ne i am sure you are beginning with diego maradona. one of those people who transcends sport, known by everybody? yes, generations, not just football fans, mourning his passing. as argentina continues its 3 days of morning, for their national hero diego maradona, tributes continue to pour in for one of the greatest players the world has ever seen. maradona died yesterday after a heartattack. these are pictures that have come in overnight of tributes in buenos aires. maradona saw football as an escape, a salvation from a difficult childhood, growing up in on one

of the poorest parts of argentina's capitial, but it was said by those closest to him that he paid a heavy price for his fame, with well documented addiction and health problems over the years. some of the more recent tributes come from fellow argentine, mauricio pochettino: "diego, you were my hero and friend, i was so fortunate to have shared football and life with you. you will always be in my heart. all my love to your family." 0svaldo ardiles: "thank dear dieguito for your friendship, for your footbal, sublime, without comparison. so many enjoyable moments together. impossible to say which one was the best. rip my dearfriend." asif kapadia — the man who produced a documentary on maradona released last year — tweeted: "hard to process. he always seemed indestructible. i had 10 hours with the man! i touched his left foot. we did our best to show the world the man, the myth, the fighter he was. the greatest" well earlier i spoke to trevor steven, one of the players on the pitch when maradona sored that incredible goal to help knock england out

of the world cup in 1986. maradona was no normal individual. he was a maverick, he was a genius. he was a maverick, he was a genius. he was a maverick, he was a genius. he was an absolute air of watch out for maradona. everything about him was out there. he was so well respected and feared. you know, the attention obviously grew in momentum following that 86 world cup. but he was already a world superstar by that point. and he was almost a flawed genius, yes, he probably never grew up because flawed genius, yes, he probably never grew up because he was living ina never grew up because he was living in a world that was not normal by any in a world that was not normal by a ny stretch in a world that was not normal by any stretch of the imagination. everybody in the world knows him, whether they love or despise football, everybody was aware of maradona. who knows what that is like to bear, the weight of that. every champions league match yesterday was marked with a minutes silence before the game for maradona. after the tributes, liverpool were beaten 2—0 at anfield by atalanta

who make their champions league group a lot tighter. jurgen klopp's side, still remain top of the group, but now need one win, from their final two games to qualify, for the knock out stage. before we could change, they scored the goal, the first one, in a space which we knew they tried to use. we couldn't defend it in that moment. so they score the first one, the second one in a similar manner. and we didn't create. so that's it. we had good, betterfootball moments them, but not good enough. if you don't have a shot on target, that's never a good sign. it was a better night for manchester city, are into the knockout phase with two games to spare — phil foden scoring the only goal away at 0lympiakos. christian malcolm, who was named the first black head coach, of uk athletics in september, says he got the job on merit. malcolm is a former world, european and commonwealth games medallist, and since retiring he's had coaching roles, with the successful british relay squads,

as well as working with the uk paralympic team, and disability wales. it's not about being the first black coach for me, it's just about being in the role i am as head coach and being good enough to do the job, regardless of my skin colour. you know, i went through the process, and ifeel like i got a job on merit. you know, i know it's going to be tough, it's going to be challenging. if anything, i am probably one of the youngest coaches, which is a bigger thing. but i'm looking forward to it. that's all the sport for now. much more reaction and tributes coming infor much more reaction and tributes coming in for diego maradona throughout the day. people living in england will find out what restrictions will apply to where they live later this morning — when the health secretary makes an announcement in the commons. we'll bring that to you live here on bbc news. most of england is expected to be placed in the two toughest tiers when the lockdown ends in england next wednesday. the government has already revealed details of the three tier system — which will be stricter than the previous one. here's our health correspondent

laura foster with the details. the new three tier system in england is tougher than it was last time. tier 1, that's medium risk. here, you have to stick to the rule of six and keep your distance from everyone, unless you live with them, you are in a bubble with them, or you are in a serious relationship with them. you should continue to work from home where you can. you can do an exercise class or play sport outdoors, but indoors the rule of six applies. gyms, shops and things like beauty salons and hair dressrs can be open. up to 4000 fans can gather and watch a match or a competitive event, whether indoors or outdoors. at pubs, restaurants and hospitality venues, last orders will be 10pm, but you have until 11 to finish your drinks. in tier 2, that's a high risk area, the same rules as tier 1, but you are no longer allowed to mix indoors with other households unless they are in your bubble. but you can still meet people outdoors while sticking to that rule of six. you can only exercise

indoors with other people if you are in the same household or bubble, and only 2000 fans can gather to watch any live event or sports match. pubs and bars must close completely unless they can operate as restaurants. tier 3 is for very high risk areas. the same rules as tier 2 apply, but you are still not allowed to mix indoors with other households unless you are in your social bubble. when meeting people outdoors, you can see them in a public space like a park or at the beach, but you cannot meet in private gardens. pubs, restaurants and other hospitality venues can only be opened as takeaways. indoor entertainment, including hotels, have to close. mass testing will be used to help stop covid from spreading. during the pandemic, we've all had to manage and assess our own personal risk when it comes to coronavirus. but how can you judge your own coronavirus risk? and notjust of catching it, but of getting seriously ill? our health correspondent michelle roberts is here to explain. is restrictions ease, millions of us will be thinking about returning to

something closer to normal life. but unlocking society can let coronavirus spread. your risk of catching covid depends on how much is around you. your risk goes up if there is more of the virus circulating in the community where you live and work. if prevalence goes down, meaning fewer people in your area have covid, your likelihood of coming into contact with the virus is reduced. and knowing your rates in your local area can help you judge that risk. at the moment, rates are higher in some parts of the country, coloured red and dark orange on this map, but lower in other places, coloured blue. not everyone you meet will have covid, but some may have it without symptoms. keeping your distance from others, a good two metres, cut your risk of inhaling infected spit droplets, released when people talk and cough. in general, indoors is riskier than outdoors, and loud crowds are the worst. in terms of your risk of

getting seriously ill if you do catch it, the biggest risk factor is age. people in their 60s and 70s are far more likely to need hospital ca re far more likely to need hospital care for covid than someone in their 20s. but as you can see in this chart, although the risk of dying from covid increases exponentially with age, it is still the least likely outcome for most people. thanks to medical care and advances such as discovering a cheap steroid cuts mortality by up to a third, even the sickest patients have a high chance of survival. with an effective vaccine expected to arrive very soon, deaths should become even less common. last but not least, think about your risk of spreading covid to others. remember, hands, face, space, to protect yourself, your loved ones and those around you. a woman who says coronavirus saved her life because it led to her being diagnosed with cancer is urging people with health concerns to go to their gp

as soon as possible. heather rubie became concerned when her coronavirus symptoms didn't improve. further tests led to an operation to remove a cancerous shadow on her lung. now she's teamed up with the roy castle lung cancer foundation to remind people that a cough does notjust mean covid. and i can speak to heather now. wonderful to have you with us, thank you forjoining us to tell your story. begin that story by taking us back to around easter this year, when you suspected that he might have coronavirus? yes, it was easter weekend that i got my first symptom. but it wasn't classed as a symptom back then. it was the loss of taste and smell. that was easter sunday. but i wasn't actually diagnosed with covid until the 25th of april. how we re covid until the 25th of april. how were your symptoms? how ill wear you

with covid? initially, it wasjust the shortness of breath and a bit of a fever. it is a few days went by, i ended up being admitted to hospital. and tell us what happened then. ended up being admitted to hospital. and tell us what happened thenlj was admitted for two days onto the covid—19 ward at the hospital, he we re covid—19 ward at the hospital, he were absolutely fantastic. it was very scary. but i was only there for two nights and luckily i didn't have to be on intensive care or anything like that. but you got home and things didn't improve, did they? so, did you think aboutjust battling on? at what point did you decide you really need to go back and see your gp? i was in constant contact with my gp, who has also been fabulous. she was constantly checking things. i was sent to the hospital because they thought i had a blood clot in my leg. and then as things were not

improving, the gp decided she wanted to refer me back to see the respiratory physician to have things checked out. and that was when the doctors discovered that you might have cancer? and it turned out to be cancer. what did they say to you at that point? when i first found out i had the nodule, it was quite devastating. they didn't confirm it was cancer until i had it removed. so nobody said to me, you have cancer. they needed to do the full biopsy to make sure that it was. but, afterwards, i do believe, and my doctor said, that having covid actually saved your life. and it's not the sort of sentence we think we will ever hear, but there you are, saying it, catching coronavirus save your life. because if you hadn't, this may not have been discovered as early as it was. how are you doing

now? how is your treatment going? luckily, when they removed part of my long they managed to remove all cancers modules that were there. so, it's just a case of having to go for scans and day few more investigations. but i don't need any further immediate treatment, as it stands. that is really good news. you are in your 40s. you have never smoked. there is a bit more in this story, and i know you are working with the roy castle long foundation to get this across, tell me what that is? the slightest cough, any suspicions that you have, don't dismiss them. go to your gp. the sooner these things are found, the better it is. you have a much better outcome. the gps are open, they have never shut their doors throughout covid. just get in touch with them and they will see you. a really

important message, told very well by you. what a remarkable story. we wish you all the very best and continued good recovery and good health. take care. the chancellor has been defending his decision to freeze the pay of some public sector workers, saying that ‘tough choices' had to be made over which workers would get a pay rise because of the economic emergency the country faces. in yesterday's spending review, the chancellor announced a pay freeze that will affect 1.3 million public sector workers. staff on less than £24,000 and some nhs workers will get a wage rise. rishi sunak also warned that unemployment could rise to 2.6m by the middle of next year. and he said the economy is set to contract by 11.3% this year, the largest fall for more than 300 years. here's the chancellor this morning outlining why some public sector workers won't get a pay

rise this year. if you take a step back, you talked about the economic emergency, that is the context we are dealing with, record levels of borrowing and debt, an economy that is suffering enormous stress. i wanted to get on, as you thankfully acknowledged, in investing in things people really ca re investing in things people really care about. so, new hospitals, better schools, safer streets on the infrastructure that can transform our country. in order to do that, i've had to make some tough choices. what i couldn't do is justify an across—the—board rise what i couldn't do is justify an across—the—boa rd rise in what i couldn't do is justify an across—the—board rise in public sector pay. when we came into this crisis, there was already a disparity between public and private sector pay, with a premium in the private sector. that has widened during this crisis. what we have seen the private sector is that wages have fallen over the last six months by about 1%. in the public sector, wages have gone up by 4%. and people in the private sector are losing theirjobs, their hours are

being cut, they are being furloughed. and that hasn't happened in the public sector. given that, i think we need to take a more targeted approach to what we do. what we have done is say that those working in the nhs, because we are in the midst of a health crisis, and on the of dealing with that, there will be a pay rise next year, subject to the recommendations of pay review body. for everyone else, pay review body. for everyone else, pay rises will be paused. but we do wa nt to pay rises will be paused. but we do want to make sure that we help those on lower incomes. so if you are in the public sector and you earn less than £24,000, which is the uk median basic salary, then you will get a £250 pay increase at least next year. if you take that altogether, that means a majority of people working in the public sector will see their pay increase next year. i am determined to try to protect jobs, this will help me protectjobs in the public sector. it is a

reasonable and proportionate approach given the context. the shadow chancellor, anneliese dodds says some decisions taken by the chancellor will reduce economic confidence. it is a very difficult situation. actually, i don't agree with the chancellor that the economic emergency has only just begun, there have been many people who have been out of work since march unfortunately, because of this crisis, many, many businesses that have being struggling, and really what we needed to see from the chancellor yesterday was him taking responsible choices to get our economy recovering again. now there were some elements that were positive, but unfortunately in many cases we saw decisions being taken that will reduce confidence. you mentioned the public sector pay situation, well, actually, if people like firefighters and teachers are told they will have less spending power in the future, then they will be going on our high streets and into our small and medium sized business less and spending less. there was also hidden away in the paperwork a £1 billion tax increase,

council tax increase. again, that he will have a direct impact on people, and really we needed to see resolute action yesterday, to support people back in to work, to supportjob creation. we didn't see the kind of ambitious programme being set out that, for example, countries like france and germany have put in place. the institute for fiscal studies says that tax rises or spending cuts could be required. let's talk to its director, pauljohnson. good to have you with us. the subject of potential tax rises or spending cuts, that wasn't really addressed in the spending review yesterday. that was just looking to the year ahead. what is your forecast for what level of either spending cuts or tax rises might be needed in the future? well, it wasjust looking to

the year ahead. but it's important to say that for next year the government spending plans were cut really quite substantially, actually, other than the amount they are allocating to deal with covid. that means that what they have pencilled in next year involves cuts of more than £10 billion, relative to the plan set out in march, because there is no additional spending for covid after next year. so the government is basically saying, compared with what we thought was needed back in march, we actually think we need to spend quite a lot less going forward than we thought then. i'm not sure that is remotely plausible, the idea that we will need no more money in the nhs than we thought at the beginning of this year. the idea that we will need no money to deal with covid, the idea that we want to spend less on public services, social care and education, and so on. i'm not sure

that stacks up. the grammer says it is going to get rid of the supposedly temporary increase in universal credit. i am supposedly temporary increase in universal credit. iam not supposedly temporary increase in universal credit. i am not sure it will do that either. i reckon there are spending increases down the road that are not counted for. if that is the case, we will notjust have the hundreds of millions of pounds borrowing that the budget for fiscal responsibility was suggesting, but rather more than that. not the 20 billion or so of tax rises needed to stabilise the public finances, but may be 40 billion or so of tax rises. so i think there are still a lot of really tough decisions to be made. is that reasonable, that lack of detail, given the level of uncertainty, and we still don't know whether there is a trade deal for

the transition period, we don't know is how the economy is going to rebound, hopefully, once we get into a vaccination programme against covid next year. isn't there a bit of wait and see going on with the government? my point is less about lack of detail, and more about access optimism about the requirements for public spending. so, the chancellor's plans are predicated on him being able to cut spending, relative to what he thought back in march. i think that is not a reasonable central scenario. i think a reasonable central scenario would have had spending at least as big as he was suggesting back in march, and probably higher. so i think, to some extent, the need forfurther action is rather hidden by the way these figures have been produced, and that he will need to come back with a very high probability, and say, first, that spending is going to be higher, and secondly that either

borrowing or taxes will be higher than currently planned. let's talk a bit about public sector and private sector wages. the chancellor said where there were cuts in the public sector, the public sector wages had better than private in the past year. that may be true, depending on how you analyse it. they were not starting from the same base level, it wasn't a level playing field to begin? it is true that public sector wages have done much better than the private sector over this year. but over the last decade, public sector wages have done even worse than private sector wages. both have done incredibly badly. 0ne private sector wages. both have done incredibly badly. one of the curiosities about the sort of decisions that do tend to get made by public sector pay is that they tend to look like the one we got this time, which is, for understandable reasons, lower paid

workers get pay increases, and higher paid workers don't. but if you look at the comparisons between the public and private sectors, it is actually the higher paid workers, the graduates in the public sector, who look relatively poorly paid, compared to their counterparts in the private sector. actually, it is the private sector. actually, it is the less well—paid ones in the public sector that look relatively well—paid. public sector that look relatively well-paid. we are literally almost out of time, but can you give me the briefest of answers, i have a question from excluded uk, saying, is there anything in this for them, because they feel excluded? is there anything in this for them, because they feel excluded ?|j is there anything in this for them, because they feel excluded? i am not sure who excluded uk are. a group of people who are not benefiting from any of the stimulus that the chancellor has announced so far, like the fellow schemes and so on. but we are out of time, so perhaps i will ask you to have a think about that, because we're out of time, and maybe we can get a response from you later. paul, thank very much. that was pauljohnson, from the institute for fiscal studies.

one in three children who have some form of scarring say they feel sad, depressed or anxious because of their physical difference, that's according to the charity changing faces. now scientists at the university of bristol are launching the first research project of its kind, to find a way for people to heal without leaving a scar. 0ur reporterjohn maguire has been to meet delilah, who was severely burnt as a baby. when delilah was just 17 months old, she suffered extensive and severe burns in an accident. she spent two months in intensive care and has had numerous operations ever since. my scars, they don't grow with me, so if my didn't have skin grafts then they would just be really tight and extremely painful. the biggest concern is how her injuries and scar tissue restrict her physical activities. i can't play with my friends the way that i would want to, and i can't alwaysjoin in in stuff, and after a while it

does really hurt. and there are emotional consequences, although her positivity is extraordinary. when i was younger i used to be seen differently, because when i was younger they were a lot more visible and also a lot of my friends when i was younger, they didn't really understand because we were so young. but now my classmates understand that i'm just the same as them. so, here at the university of bristol, scientists are working to eradicate scarring. they're studying zebrafish, native to rivers in india, and more like us than you might think. because we share a lot of the same genes, we think around 80% of disease—causing genes in humans, the zebrafish also have an equivalent. but they are not exactly the same, so there are some differences in how that gene functions in a fish compared to how it might function in us. they have an amazing ability to repair and regenerate

their own bodies, crucially, without leaving scars. so is there something in the fish's genetics that could be replicated in humans? they are able to regenerate many different tissues, including their tail, so their skin, essentially. also their retina, their heart, any kind of damage that they get that's similar to damage we might get. so we might be able to reduce a certain type of white blood cell or promote the function of another type of white blood cell and the combination of that might be the way to reduce scarring in human patients in the future. the scientists will also consider how various skin colours scar differently. this is the first research project of its kind in the world and the charity funding it has a bold ambition, to achieve scar—free healing within a generation. scarring is common, there's lots of people affected,

it's costly, it costs the nhs billions of pounds a year to treat bad wounds and hard to heal scars. but what a lot of people don't appreciate is the the deep emotional problems caused by scarring, people who are afraid to go out, children who are bullied at school, for example, and of course the ultimate solution, in due course, is to eradicate scarring. these days, we often talk about mental scars and by treating people in a way that leaves no physical markings, that may go a long way to reducing those mental scars also. very brave little girl. now, the weather with carol kirkwood. hello again. for many of us, after a cold start, well, there's a lot of dry weather around and also some sunshine. it's not everywhere. we've got a weather front draped across the channel islands in southern england, producing a fair bit of cloud and some splashes of rain. and we've also got some fog, which will be slow to clear,

particularly across the midlands and also lincolnshire. that will hold back the temperatures. temperatures generally seven to about ten a little bit higher where we've got the cloud cover. that will be with us again tonight, with some further spells of rain. we have a new weather front coming in to the north—west, introducing thicker cloud and also some rain. in between, its going to be cold, there will be some frost and there will be some dense fog patches, particularly so across england and wales. now, some of that will be slow to clear tomorrow, especially lincolnshire, yorkshire for example. and that will hold the temperatures back. still some rain coming in across scotland, still some rain coming in across the south of england. those are the temperatures, eight to 11.

this is bbc news with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. most of england is expected to be placed in the two toughest tiers of coronavirus restrictions when the national lockdown ends next wednesday. the plans will be set out in the commons later this morning. i'm confident that the last four weeks has made a difference, the numbers are all heading in the right direction. and of course, although christmas is not going to be normal, hopefully, after last four weeks, we can move to a better place and more testing, with some light at the end the tunnel. warnings the average pay packet in the uk could fall by more than a thousand pounds a year by 2025 — due to the impact of the pandemic. let us know your reaction to yesterday's uk spending review