the us doctor has apologised for appearing to criticise the ukfor for appearing to criticise the uk for the speed at which the vaccine. doctor fosse has they had every confidence in the uk and had only meant to highlight the difference between the countries to processes. doctor doughty is due to meetjoe biden transition team to discuss the incoming administrations response to the pandemic. mr biden has said that he would ask americans to wear a mask for 100 days in order to curtail the spread of the virus. the first doses of the virus. the first doses of the newly approved pfizer vaccine have arrived in the uk and they've been taken to a secret location from where they will be distributed to hospitals across the country. first phase of the roller programme is expected to begin on tuesday next week. that's it

for me luis will be here at the top of the arrow with all the days news. but now on bbc news is time for hardtalk with the stephen sackur. welcome to hardtalk. i'm stephen sackur. the sense of systemic racial injustice in policing that has fuelled the black lives matter movement is shared far beyond the shores of the united states. in britain, it is two decades since a top level inquiry into london's police force found it to be institutionally racist. how much has really changed? well, my guest, leroy logan, was one of london's top black policeman until he retired, seven years ago. how easy is it to root out discrimination dressed in a police uniform?

leroy logan, welcome to hardtalk. thank you very much for the invitation. it's great to be here. well, we are delighted to have you, not least because you have written a fascinating memoir, and you've entitled it closing ranks: my life as a cop, so it's pretty clear what it's about. you talk about your decision to join the police force many, many years ago as — what you say — as a calling. you make it sound like some sort of religious commitment as a young man that you made to policing. well, it had to be as strong as that, because my career path after my science degree was to be a clinical researcher at the royal free hospital and possibly going into

medicine, so i was very clear on my career path, and then this strong sort of unquenchable voice just kept on resonating. i was questioning my sanity. "why would i want to do policing, having experienced so much during the days of the ‘70s?" and i saw how my father, a long—distance driver, how he would be harassed by police. to be clear, you were brought up in a not—very—well—off black family. your parents moved to london from jamaica, and you, as a kid, saw that it was a pretty tough life being a black kid on the streets of inner london, and not least a tough life in terms of relationships with the police. absolutely. i mean, it even happened when i went to go to school and i would come out after band practice with my trumpet and my satchel and i would still get stopped. "what are you doing now? what's in this trumpet case?" "er, a trumpet?"

you know, these sort of things i found really challenging, and my father used to stand up for me and for himself when he got stopped by police. and unfortunately, he was a victim of a savage beating by police when i was actually in the process ofjoining, so you can imagine how i felt. "no way am i going to be a cop after all of this because of how my hero, my father, had been savagely beaten over a traffic matter." well, you say, i can imagine. actually, i don't think i can imagine. i certainly cannot imagine how you then second—guessed yourself, and indeed, probably overcame the suspicion and hostility of notjust the community that you came from, but also your own family, to actually go ahead in the end and sign up and join this force. why did you do that, despite the deep reservations of your dad, amongst others? well, even though he

successfully sued the met for excessive force and unlawful arrest, he was still there supporting me. but how he found out was the worst thing. because i had applied behind him even knowing it, because officers i'd spoken to who used to work in hampstead, used to use the facilities at the royal free, sort of gave me the human side of policing, and then when i was doing my degree, i saw a black officer in the ‘70s and it resonated with me. and i remember as a child injamaica, i spent a few years at primary school stage injamaica, and i saw black officers, black teachers, black prime ministers and i thought, "actually, policing can be my calling". did friends and even some family call you a sell—out? absolutely. if you ever want to reduce a christmas card list by 90%, join the met. be a black young man and join the metropolitan police. because i was called judas,

a sell—out, i said "i don't know what i've sold out". i said very clearly, "i'm a black man who happens to be a cop" so that means i integrate into the organisation with my beliefs and values. i'm not going to assimilate into norms and values of the culture. it's a long time now since you did that training at the police school in hendon, and then as a young beat officer, you joined the police on the streets of london. how painful is it now, as you've done in the book and as you probably will have to do with me, to recall some of the racism that you experienced? i'm not thinking of racism from people on the streets, but i'm thinking of racism inside your own team.

0h, absolutely. i would get monkey noises on the radio, i even remember a massive n—word in upper case on my locker. and it's in a secure area, so it couldn't be... it was... it had to be a team member. ..policemen or women who had done it. absolutely, and it wasn't a member of the public. and did you report it? was it investigated ? yeah, well, they said they investigated but i didn't see anyone being spoken to, i didn't get any sort of feedback. because in those days, casual racism and overt racism — not necessarily directed at me, but at members of the public who looked like me — were always part of their narrative. how close did you come to walking away as a young police officer? many times. some would say that perhaps that would be the move with the greatest amount of integrity behind it, to actually say "i've seen now inside the system. it is so rotten, it is so bad for my people in particular, but so bad for race relations in london that i will not be any sort of token or fig leaf covering up what is going on." i thought that many times. but i also saw what was bad in the met could easily be solved by what's good in it.

there's some great people in the met — a majority of people want to serve all members of the public, regardless of background. but, with respect, that's not true, is it, leroy? because you — through the ‘80s and ‘90s — served in a period when policing in london was — we now can say with absolute assurance — systemically, institutionally racist, and we can say that because after the terrible racist murder of young stephen lawrence back in 1993, there was ultimately a full public inquiry and that was the conclusion that the lead of that inquiry, william macpherson, reached, institutional racism, and you are in there all of that time. and i gave evidence to macpherson to say as one of the three members of the bpa — black police association — that they were institutionally racist. but the thing is... but then you go home, take your salary, you are on the beat the next day — i dare say with a mix of emotionally white officers — and probably seeing things the very next day and that

after that that disturb you and your conscience, but what did you do about it? i had to stand in the midst. you know, you are not going to steer a ship from the shore. you've going to be on board, in the captain's cabin, changing the direction. and we in the black police association saw an opportunity — especially after macpherson — to own the recommendations of the internal recruitment retention progression, as well as the external delivery to the black community. in this fascinating book, what strikes me what you don't do is you don't ever describe an incident where you felt personally compromised in your policing on the streets of london when faced with perhaps a racially charged situation. are you saying that never happened ? of course it happened! so what did you do? i challenge people! so, you know, there is no way officers — especially when i was a supervisor — they could mistreat people. and i had to report people

where they were inappropriate. what i would like to do is spot it before it becomes a problem, put them on a development plan, even assist them with on—the—job training. i had to show ethical leadership. i had to speak truth to power, even at that grassroots level with officers. because i used to say to them "every time you have a encounter with a member of the public, that's a potential witness for a crime you have to investigate." but were officers that you worked closely with out—and—out racist, some of them? some of them had some real strong views because, unfortunately, the police does attract certain people with those very intolerant views, and the culture develops it in a way that it becomes the norm. so it was a cultural thing, and that is why we had to ensure, through the macpherson inquiry, we break into that culture. on a personal level, i'm just thinking of you as a young man, you marry, you have a family, you are living your life, and you are also undergoing

this extraordinary career which is, as we've already touched upon, so full of challenge and stress. you say in the book "i knew that joining the police and being a policeman would set two worlds — my personal life and my professional life — on a collision course". is that how it felt? absolutely. you couldn't easily marry having a decent personal life and living this life as a black policeman in london? what i found that even though it was a collision course, i had the anchor of my faith to assist me to navigate through that. even when i was involved in the damilola taylor investigation and i brought in a cadre of black officers to assist... just reminding people — the damilola taylor case, which came years after the horrible racist murder of stephen lawrence — it was a different case, because this was a young black boy who was killed and it wasn't a racist attack in the case of damilola taylor, but it was a tragic case

of a young black boy in the wrong place at the wrong time who, it seems, was attacked by people with a gang affiliation who just didn't like his presence on their patch at that particular time. and you are saying that when you investigated that, you applied new tactics, new sort of sensitivity and smart policing when it came to dealing with minority communities in london? absolutely. because the officers had shared that common experience with the community who had the information, and they wouldn't even open the door to white officers who did house to house inquiries. once i brought in that team, literally, within hours, they were opening doors, giving information, identifying witnesses and suspects and it eventual assisted in developing that conviction. what i saw, we have to show diversity in action, because that's when officers will really understand the importance of diversity, having a reflective organisation to build bridges with the community and not barriers.

but you paint this picture of the damilola taylor case representing a sort of a watershed moment with more, sort of, sensitive policing. there was a cultural relations unit set up. you called — you labelled it ‘affinity policing' — the use of black police officers who had a knowledge of heritage and history and language, which could reach out to members of the black community in parts of london. all sounds great, but if one looks at the statistics, even in the last decade — long after damilola taylor's case — we see that still a black person is five times more likely at least to be stopped by the police than a white counterpart. we see that in every metric — for example, of black people in custody, in terms of violent acts and even death in custody, again, a disproportionate number of black people involved. the metrics suggest nothing much has actually changed. and you wouldn't be

far wrong from that. u nfortu nately, after the macpherson report was published in february 1999, the stephen lawrence steering group, which was the independent oversight chaired by jack straw and with neville and doreen lawrence, amongst other people, like myself, used to hold chief constables and the commissions to account because what gets measured gets done. once that subsequent home secretaries took over and it was finally dissolved in 2009, and then austerity was brought in in 2010, the steering group oversight was gone, then chief constables were right there on homework about the recommendations and saying, "institutional racism is no longer useful" when it was supposed to be an aspiration to improve the internal and external elements of the police force. so forward momentum was lost, wasn't? absolutely. and more importantly, you then lost a lot of officers

through austerity — especially citizen—focused cops, community cops, your safer neighbour teams, your safer schools officers. those lost connections with the community, and that is why things have gone backwards. so the look and feel of policing — in my estimation — reminds me of a pre—macpherson era. and that... that is a shocking thing to say. it is! but... the macpherson report was what, 1999? yep. and you are saying that the way you look at the direction of travel today, we seem to be going back to a period before 1999. yes, absolutely. it's about the leadership of the organisation to address the culture. i think the culture has been hijacked by the extremely aggressive and intolerant group of individuals that have taken over the organisation. that's a much harder organisation — the use of handcuffs, even before a stop and account, and stop and search, it's creating so much animosity. we have now got barriers,

walls of silence, creating barriers that the police have created, and it's caused trauma for young people. i want to just tease out then what you think is happening, because you are an advocate now and a campaigner, and you work with a lot of young people in black communities across london. you are also an advocate for, again, smart policing. when you hear the chief of the metropolitan police of london today saying that she will not use this phrase "institutional racism" because she says it's no longer helpful, she says, "we have zero tolerance of racist behaviour "within the met", is that the sort of leadership the met needs? you have to walk the talk. even now, officers of black and minority ethnic backgrounds are five times more likely to be disciplined than their white counterparts. i myself was investigated for a witch—hunt over an £80 hotel bill in the late ‘90s. so in all honesty, it's quite

clear that those sort of cases that were still the case 20—odd years ago are still happening now. and then you also see the disproportionality in even section 60 roadblocks... hang on a minute... 25 times more likely with black than in white to be stopped... and i — i, yeah... ..to be stopped, and aggressively about. i gave some other stats about, you know, the number of stops made on black people as opposed to white people in london and the proportionality there. there is no question, there is a real disproportionality. but the police‘s response is, there's a disproportionality because there has to be, because we go to where the crime is being committed, and where we most urgently need to protect local populations, and often time in london, the truth is, that is in majority black communities. so that's why the numbers of stop and search are higher, and that's why the number of arrests are higher, and that's why also, it doesn't make sense to criticise the police for that reality. well, stop and search in leeds

is not disproportionately black. you mean yorkshire city of leeds? absolutely. what it has to be as well, it has to be intelligence—led. and a cornerstone of police legitimacy is trust. if the communities don't trust you, they don't tell you who to really stop, and that's why even the actual hit rate of how many stops leads to interest, or uncovering a weapon is one in ten. so nine times out of ten, you are harassing the wrong sort of people. and that's what's creating the real animosity between the police and the public. do you think, it's interesting you talk about that, and clearly, tensions exist, and a sense of unfairness exists. you earlier talked about your initiative, you were one of the architects of this black police association, it's been around for a long time now. there are those within the police and without who argue

that having a powerful black police association actually exacerbates the sense of differentness of black police officers. it does nothing to create a sense that all police officers are — whether they are white or black — utterly committed to nine prejudicial policing. well, they would say that, wouldn't they? because even when we were setting up the black police association, in ourfirst meetings, actually, in april of 1993, the same month as stephen lawrence was killed, they were pushing back saying, "you don't need a bpa because we take care of you". well, if you did, we wouldn't be feeling the need to form so you will work with us as equal partners. and they still don't want to do that now. and they fuel the culture. that's what creates young people to think, "i want nothing to do with the police". i have been running a charity called voyage youth. we set it up 20 years ago through the black police association — it was called the black police association

charitable trust before it was now called voyage. and every year, i do the trust and confidence with those young people and they have always said "we feel over policed and under protected. the police disrespect us." this is year nine students, 14—15, looking at developing themselves with their b tech level two that we offer so that they can actually have these points before they start school — gcse's, year ten, and they are always saying that. that is just a microcosm of the issue, and it is still the case today. and as you say, you are no longer in uniform and you are a community activist. i am very struck by your decision earlier this summer to join a black lives matter protest march in london. why did you do that? because i want to identify with that movement. yeah, but you knew that that could lead to confrontation with the police. well, as i said, i'm a black man who happened to be a cop. and it's really important for me to put that i am still a black man. i still hurt... the pain of seeing the torture

of george floyd by an officer who has got the same protect and serve mantra, who are there to serve the community, and to see that torture and that death, there is no way that i could not hold back. i'd got to be there. and itjust so happened that that solidarity for the movement is so important. that's why, even when they are talking about black lives matter meaning something, and at the same time to say systemic racism doesn't exist, it's counterproductive. actually, on that question a black lives matter, when she saw that some of her own officers — metropolitan police officers — had taken in one of the early marches, the decision to actually respond to the crowd who had asked them to take the knee by taking the knee, several officers chose to kneel and take the knee. she then declared, i think within 2a hours, no officer shall do that again. how did you feel about that?

if you had been in uniform at the time of this march and black lives matter, would you have taken the knee? if i felt that desire for solidarity with the community, yes, i would. would you have ignored the order of your senior officer? do you know, sometimes you have to. really, tell officers... i had to do it many times in the black police association. what you are doing is actually creating barriers, and at times, just doing that gesture of solidarity with the community can break down those barriers and actually help you to be more efficient and effective in serving the needs of the community. what works, in your view, you have had a long career in policing, now much more in community organisation, what works in terms of building a much more effective relationship, successful relationship, between the police and young people — particularly young men in black and minority ethnic

communities — what works best? some talk about getting the police out, some talk about dismantling and defunding the police, but that is an extreme view. what can the police do — short of defunding and getting out — what can the police do to forge a relationship? change the narrative. if you think you can stop and search your way out of the problem, or arrest your way out of the problem, that's not going to work. went to work. i always hear officers saying, welcome in my experience... i did 30 years, i know the limitations of stop and search and it's a blunt tool commit has to be sharpened up with community intelligence and trust is a critical part of that equation. you then have to ensure that you walk the talk. you have to have statement of intent to say, listen, we have a problem. acknowledge you have a problem. don't deny it and sweep it under the carpet and say, "0h, all is well." because we mark our

own homework. let people understand that, yes, you are willing to see that these failings have had a detrimental effect and do something about it. and obviously start to really hone in on those officers who are draconian in their actions and really building barriers because of the way in which they operate with the community. so that the majority of officers who really are there for the right reasons and are doing a greatjob will have an opportunity to do so without feeling that they have misplaced loyalties. 0h, we don't speak against certain people, because it's a decision by decibels. and then supervisors to supervisors on the street with proper ethical leadership. i was public enemy number one on so many occasions, and they still are hounding me on social media. that's why i wrote the book. warts and all. they've got nothing else to say to me. it sounds like you feel that there is still an awful long way to go. absolutely. because i say, there is nothing bad in the met that can't be resolved by what's good in it. i will work to my dying day to help them. i don't want my grandchildren

to grow up with inequalities and injustices, not just policing, but wider issues, just like my children's generation did. myself, my parents‘ generation, it's got to change. i will keep going until my dying day. leroy logan, we have to end there. i thank you very much indeed forjoining me on hardtalk. hello there. the weather is giving us a real taste of winter. some places have seen snow there is more in the forecast for friday for the real mix for rain sleet and snow falling from the sky felt up it will be cold,

it will be windy. and this big area of low pressure is really dominating the weather across western europe. bands of wet weather spiralling around. pretty cold air being sucked down from the north. that combination of cold air and wet weather, that is why we are still seeing sleet and snow. across scotland's snow falling for a time to quite low levels was up could be a brief covering of snow through the central belt. and over high ground ten to 20 cm is possible. could be real travel problems for the high level routes. especially with ice in western scotland. price possible in northern ireland as well as actually start but mainly dry. some showers are wales in the southwest. this band of rain could contain some sleet and wet snow over high ground across some parts of eastern england. these various bands of wet weather will just continue to circulate around our area of low pressure. most of the snow becoming confined to the highest ground. rain at lower levels.

that could cause one or two problems. something a little bit brighter towards the south. it will be windy with gusts around the coast. particular he out west the 50 mph or more and it will be cold. highs between fore and 7 degrees. we will see further areas of wet weather with some sleet and snow mixed in over the hills as we go through friday night. but the weekend is a story of things very, very slowly coming down. slowly calming down. it will stay dryer but cold. on saturday there will be showers around which could again contain sleet and snow over high ground particular of the scottish mountains. more dry weather developing through the day. some spells of sunshine. it still can be chilly with temperatures of five or six or 7 degrees without the winds will fall a little later. those winds will continue to fall during saturday night and mist and fog around which could be quite slow to clear. it stays dull in some places.

many spots will see sunshine just a few showers by this stage. still feeling cold with highs it's been a cold day everywhere today, we've got another wintry mix of weather to come tonight and into tomorrow. certainly a wintry scene here in highland scotland,

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