this is bbc news with the latest headlines. hours to do a deal — post—brexit trade talks resume today, but are said to be on a knife edge. it would have been great to have got this nailed down sooner, but ultimately it's not the biggest surprise in the world that it's going right to the last minute. final preparations are being made for the uk's mass vaccination programme against coronavirus, which is due to begin tomorrow. and in around a0 minutes, we'll bring in the experts to answer your questions on the vaccine. get in touch with the hashtag #bbcyourquestions or email yourquestions@bbc. co. uk. do stay with us for that. snowy winters could come to an end in the uk because of climate change, according to analysis from the met office. donald trump's personal lawyer,

rudy giuliani, is admitted to hospital with coronavirus. he's tweeted that he's "feeling good". and he's a man on a marathon mission. rugby league legend kevin sinfield sets off on his seventh marathon in seven days in support of former team—mate rob burrow. i actually feel today there's an army of the mnd community that will be running with us, and we're all really, really proud. it's probably being the most special week my life. post—brexit trade talks resume this morning in brussels, following a weekend of tense negotiations. the brexit transition period ends in just over three weeks‘ time.

last night the irish prime minister put the chances of a deal at 50—50. borisjohnson and the european commission president ursula von der leyen will speak this evening for the second time in a little over 48 hours to assess whether a deal can be salvaged. our political correspondent chris mason has the details. last night in brussels, the lights on, the talks ongoing, a huge amount at stake. things are on a knife edge here and it is serious. my gut instinct is that it's 50 50 right now. and i don't think one can be overly optimistic about a resolution emerging. and my sense is, having spoken to some of the key principles here, that this is a very challenging issue to resolve, and particularly around the level playing field. there are three main sticking points, the so—called level playing field, a reference to rules to ensure fair competition, how any deal is enforced, and fishing rights. eu sources suggest a deal on fish is close.

british sources say it isn't. it seems the two sides can't even agree on what they disagree on. after today's negotiations in brussels, these two will talk again tonight. the prime minister and the european commission president, ursula von der leyen. the coming hours, the coming days will be crucial. chris mason, bbc news. let's speak to our political correspondent helen catt at westminster. helen, we are told we are at the wire and then suddenly there seems to be longer, is this really it this week? well, we are frankly running out of days, we are on the 7th of december, the transition period ends on 31st december. however, both sides are still talking and we know that there are still significant differences remaining on key issues, as they have been throughout the negotiations. as we heard from chris, on the playing field, the

level playing field, the idea of being able to ensure fair competition, as the eu calls it. also on fishing, the suggestion last night that there had been some progress made, absolutely scotched this morning firstly by the uk government, who said that the eu sources had literally made it up, but then also by michel barnier, who it is reported has told eu ambassadors this morning that no progress has been made there, either. so, the talks are going round, not progressing massively far. however, they are still talking. and while they are still talking, it does imply there is a possibility of a deal. here is what the foreign office ministerjames cleverly had to say earlier. absolutely, it can be done. precision of wording matters here, a deal can be done. there is an opportunity to get a deal that works in the uk national interest, but also works for the eu. the one thing we have learnt from negotiating with the european union is,

they often, these negotiations, often go to the last minute of the last day. and so it would have been great to have got this nailed down sooner, but ultimately, it's not the biggest surprise in the world that it's going right to the last minute. now, of course, there aren't an awful lot more minutes until we reach that a last—minute, particularly as the government intends to put any deal that is which before parliament, and to get it through parliament. the labour shadow work and pensions secretary jonathan reynolds was asked earlier if labour would support any deal. it's appalling that we haven't got that deal already. i mean we're in the transition zone, we should be preparing for what comes next, and given the government was elected just a year ago on the promise of that oven ready deal, they should have kept their promises. but to answer your question directly, we would have to see it first. we have always said we would oppose in all circumstances no deal, and we are in a position

where it is an up—down vote on a deal or no deal, we think, although the government haven't even told the house of commons get exactly what form that would take. so we would have to look at it but we do want a deal and we do want to move on from this and give the country a chance to recover from the pandemic by not having to focus on brexit for the next few years. before it gets to parliament, of course there needs to be a deal to put in front of it, and the talks continue today in brussels, and later, the prime minister will be speaking to the president of the european commission, ursula von der leyen. one of the key sticking points in the negotiations is the fishing rights for eu vessels having access to uk waters, which has been a major areas of contention for the french president, emmanuel macron. david chazan is a freelance journalist based in paris. thank you forjoining us. why is this such a key issue for france? good morning. well, this is a big issue for france politically and symbolically, not so much economic, because as for the uk, fishing only

represents a small portion of the french economy. but for fishing communities along the coast, france's biggest fishing fleet, to give you an idea of the importance of this, france's biggest fishing fleet, based in bologna, catches about three quarters of its fish in british waters. now, president macron is facing a presidential election —— boulogne —— in about 17 months and he does not want to go into that election being seen as the leader who abandoned the interests of small fishing communities, particularly because his critics often accuse him of neglecting the interests of ordinary people, poorer people, in favour of the rich and elite. so, a lot of symbolic importance around fishing in france, but as in the uk, very little economic substance to it. and more

broadly, away from the specific issue of fishing, what are the domestic considerations for emmanuel macron in these negotiations? well, the biggest consideration, i think, for the french, is fair competition, the level playing field, as it is often called. france, unlike other eu member states, wants britain to abide by eu standards on things like workers' rights, the environment, agriculture, and also state aid to industry, because it doesn't want french businesses to be undercut by their british competitors who are able to produce goods more cheaply because they are not bound by similar rules as apply in the eu. now, france's europe minister did indicate over the weekend that there might be room for some compromise on that, because he hinted that britain

could be allowed to diverged from the eu rules, it would just be a question of by how much. but of course the british government wants to be very free to go its own way post—brexit. to be very free to go its own way post-brexit. and how is this all playing with the public, how other newspapers covering it, what does the average french person think of where we are potentially headed here? well, brexit isn't something thatis here? well, brexit isn't something that is dominating the headlines in france of the way it is in the uk. and it's much lower down the agenda of public debate in france than in the uk. i think most french people see this as primarily a british issue, they believe it will cause some damage but they think that britain will suffer more damage than france. but it is, of course, a big issue for those fishing communities we we re issue for those fishing communities we were talking about. and also for the calais area in the north of

france, because calais is geographically closer to london and it is to paris, and the local economy depends on closely linked with the uk. but people in france generally are not talking much about brexit. i hear a lot more talk about britain's coronavirus vaccination campaign, people are very interested in that, much less interested, for now, in brexit. thank you, david, in paris. hospitals across the uk are receiving the pfizer—biontech vaccine, ready for the first doses to be administered from tomorrow. priority will be given to vaccinating the over—80s, frontline healthcare workers and care home staff and residents. aru na iyengar reports. a precious delivery from belgium arrives at croydon university hospital in south london, one of 50 vaccination hubs across england which will receive some of the 800,000 doses

available in the first batch. the pfizer—biontech vaccines are packed in ice. they have to be kept at —70 degrees. they need handling with care. these small vials will kick—start the most crucial mass inoculation programme in history. it's just incredible, actually. obviously, i can't hold them in my hands, because they are —70 degrees, but to know that they are here and we are amongst the first in the country to actually receive the vaccine and therefore the first in the world is just amazing. i'm so proud. st george's hospital in tooting is also getting ready. the uk has ordered a0 million doses. each person needs to have two doses, 21 days apart. so that's enough to vaccinate 20 million people. hospitals like this see many elderly people every day of the week. so they'll be taking the opportunity to make sure those over 80 who will be in the hospital, either in outpatients or perhaps

being discharged this week, will get the vaccination first. we'll also be working with local care homes to make sure care home staff, who have been doing such a greatjob during the pandemic, also get their vaccine. and of course, high—risk health workers will also be in the queue as well. scotland, wales and northern ireland will also begin their vaccination programme on tuesday. over—80s are told not to be worried if they're not called for a jab this month. the vast majority will have to wait until the new year to receive it. how the roll—out goes will determine the future course of the coronavirus pandemic in the uk. for now, these life—savers will be kept under lock and key until tomorrow, when the vaccination programme starts. aruna iyengar, bbc news. helen donovan from the royal college of nursing spoke about the role that nurses would play in administering the vaccine. nursing staff have always been involved with vaccine delivery,

and probably deliver the majority of vaccines that we already give in the uk, so, that will continue, and i think supporting people and encouraging people to take up the vaccine is as much part of actually giving the injection. so, all of those things will be really crucial, and we know that actually, people are a little bit scared of needles, so again, nursing staff, supporting people through that process of having an injection. so i think all of those things, as well as training people and supervising the whole process. so, nursing staff will be crucial to this. but i think it's really exciting and i think my colleagues and the profession are up for the challenge. one of the hospitals that's been earmarked as a vaccination hub is st thomas' in central london — tim muffett is there for us. so, tim, are they going to be vaccinating there from tomorrow, who will be coming, what do you know?

well, what we know so far is that the vaccinations have been arriving in the uk, and in england specifically, 50 does it to the hubs have been announced, and this is one of them. —— 50 does a to the help. as to precisely which ones will be in play tomorrow, not entirely sure. what we do know is that from tomorrow, the care home residents who were initially thought to have been amongst the first to receive the vaccine will not be right at the start, that is because this vaccine needs to be stored at —70 celsius. so, the first group to be vaccinated is going to be those who are 80 or above is going to be those who are 80 or a bove yea rs is going to be those who are 80 or above years old, outpatients, or people who are about to be discharged from the hospital, as they are effectively already in the hospital. and then as the weeks and months go on, so the age groups and the different categories will be included in those being vaccinated. the now, if you are aged over 80 and you don't get a call in the next

couple of weeks, don't panic, because the vast majority of people within that age group will receive the vaccine in the new year. it is a logistical problem, not a logistical problem, a logistical challenge of gargantuan proportions. some 800,000 doses are thought to be ready to go from next week. a0 million doses have been ordered of this vaccine. that means 20 million people can receive their two doses 21 days apart. the medical director of nhs england said this is going to be a marathon, not a sprint. thank you, tim. and coming up we'll be answering your questions on the coronavirus vaccine that's being rolled out in the uk this week. the headlines on bbc news... hours to do a deal — post brexit

trade talks resume today — but are said to be ‘on a knife edge' final preparations are being made for the uk's mass vaccination programme against coronavirus which is due to begin tomorrow. snowy winters could come to an end in the uk because of climate change, according to analysis from the met office. rudy giuliani, president trump's personal lawyer, is being treated for covid—19. the 76 year old is understood to be at the georgetown university medical facility in washington. in a tweet he said he was getting great care. our north america correspondent peter bowes has the details. he's one of the best known public figures in america, a loyal supporter of donald trump, and the latest member of the president's inner circle to contract the virus. known as america's mayor following his widely praised response to the september 11th attacks in 2001, rudy giuliani

is every bit as bombastic as his boss, backing mr trump's uncorroborated allegations of election fraud. president trump tweeted that "by far the greatest mayor in the history of new york city who has been working tirelessly exposing the most corrupt election (by far) in the history of the usa," had tested positive for what he called the "china virus". "get better soon, rudy. we will carry on." hours later mr giuliani tweeted that he was getting great care and feeling good, recovering quickly and keeping up with everything. the former mayor has been travelling the country, leading mr trump's legal efforts to challenge the election results. he is known, like many in the president's team, for not wearing a mask. at a hearing last week in michigan, mr giuliani had this exchange with a witness as she was about to give evidence. would you be comfortable taking your mask off so that people can hear you more clearly? she turned down the request. overwhelmingly, mr trump's claims of election fraud have either been withdrawn or

rejected by the courts. what happens next isn't entirely clear. it's not as though the attempts were going that well. i mean, they've just taken a battering. and so, you know, could this be the death knell for the legal efforts? with the number of new coronavirus cases again soaring around the country, americans could know by the end of the week whether emergency use authorisation has been granted for two vaccines, with the first jabs available almost immediately. health care workers and nursing home residents will be the first to receive the inoculations. in the meantime, several major cities, including san francisco and los angeles, are facing the toughest lockdown yet in the us during the pandemic. within days, it's feared some hospitals in california could run out of intensive care beds. peter bowes, bbc news, los angeles. south korea is raising its covid—19 alert levels, as it battles a rise in infections.

the country was widely praised for its virus response earlier this year, with aggressive testing and contact tracing. but the authorities have struggled in recent weeks. the number of active cases in south korea now stands at 7,873, and there are concerns about rising numbers in hospitals. here, the organisers of a christmas market which closed afterjust one day when concerns were raised about a lack of social distancing say it won't reopen. hundreds of people crowded into the attraction in nottingham on saturday. organisers say plans were in place to manage visitors entering the site but the numbers were far greater than expected. jersey has recorded a daily high of coronavirus cases. the channel island has seen 96 new cases over the past 2a hours. there are now 516 active cases on the island, with positive tests increasing at an average rate of 60 per day. 17 people are in hospital.

the duke and duchess of cambridge have started a tour of britain by train to thank key workers for their work during the pandemic, and they were treated to a festive send—off at london's euston station. # merry christmas, everyone... they have just arrived at edinburgh waverley, and they are being greeted by bagpipes, of course. bagpipes play christmas tune. studio: i don't think i've ever heard and pull santa claus is coming

t0 heard and pull santa claus is coming to town on the bagpipes. it is great, isn't it. they will be travelling around the country as they thank frontline workers across they thank frontline workers across the country. they will be visiting england, scotland and wales, this is the first stop, the royal train pulling into edinburgh waverley. they will be making a round journey of over 1000 miles as they meet care home staff, mental health workers, teachers and volunteers who have gone above and beyond for others during the lockdown. a spokesperson for kensington palace has said the tour will allow them to share their gratitude on behalf of the nation after a difficult year. they say they are looking forward to shining a spotlight on the incredible work that has been done, and you will probably be aware that they do a lot of work to raise concerns and issues around mental health, and they will

be meeting mental health workers amongst all of those who have been working tirelessly on the frontline since the covid outbreak in march. and of course you will remember the cla p and of course you will remember the clap for the nhs workers. well, this time around, in the second lockdown, there wasn't the same sort of public response but there have been different responses, and there is actually going to be a church service tomorrow in london to remember those who have lost their lives to covid. and this is part of the royal response now, william and kate, the duke and duchess of cambridge, on a tour of england, scotla nd cambridge, on a tour of england, scotland and wales, covering 1000 miles, making several visits over the course of the next couple of days, to thank those who have done such a brilliantjob caring for so

many during this difficult time. we are hoping they are going to come off that train pretty soon. there you go, there is william and kate. u nfortu nately we unfortunately we can't hear what they are saying but they are being welcomed to the city as they prepare for that onwards tour. and in spite of not being able to carry out their royal duties, of course, as normal, during this period, they've been very active on zoom, they've been speaking to key workers. they have

been out on some royal visits, but this is the longest period that they will be on this short tour since the start of the lockdown back in march, and everything that has unfolded since then. so there they are getting into their car as they head off to meet care home staff, mental health workers, teachers and volunteers. and the bagpipes are playing them out of edinburgh waverley station. if you didn't feel much like getting out of bed on a freezing cold monday morning, spare a thought for rugby league legend kevin sinfield. the former leeds rhinos captain, who's run six marathons in the last six days, set out a couple of hours ago on his seventh. he's running to honour his friend and former team—mate rob burrow, who was diagnosed last year with motor neurone disease, or mnd, and to raise money for research into the illness. so far, more than £800,000

has been donated. before he set off this morning, he spoke to my bbc breakfast colleagues dan walker and sally nugent and they showed him this video to help put a spring in his step today. is it recording? well done, kevin, you're doing amazing, you've got really fast running legs. to say it's unbelievable is a bit of an understatement. yeah, absolutely brilliant, kev.

you're nearly as fast as my dad but not quite. i want to remember the good times, i want to try and get away from those dark moments. and it's simply for him, just trying to be a team—mate. i know he'd do it for me. if we can make their life a little bit better and a little bit more comfortable, it's a really good thing to do. ijust want to salute everybody because like i said, i know it's been a tough year. it's incredible, so, i think for him to be here today, i had to carry on running then, i'd gone past but i won't let him see me cry again!

can i update you just a tiny bit? a57,000, i just checked a few seconds ago, so, the total is ticking up. i'm told we are expecting snow on thursday morning, so carol, please do your thing, and be kind to us. that bit's the hard bit. that's why you're doing it. yeah. i have a few pieces of sporting memorabilia that mean a lot to me and this is one of them. this is a shirt signed by the leeds rhinos team of 2012 that won the grand final. that team included kevin sinfield and rob burrow. and ijust want to say massive good luck to kevin and congratulations for everything that you have done this week. all the money you've raised. i've always thought you were a hero but even more so now. nobody knows how you've done it. so if you know, sell it

and make another million. thanks very much, kevin. you're just a wonderful person, and we thank you so much. you are an inspiration. so too is rob. you're doing this for him and to me, that is what love is. hi, kevin, ijust wanted to wish you all the very best for doing the seven marathons in seven days. i know you're getting to the close now and it's an extraordinary achievement. rob will be proud of you, of course, we all are. keep going. you can do it.

thank you so much. that was lovely. some really special moments. rob is with us every step of the way today and for our team he has been our inspiration. we will get it done today because we have to get it done. kev, i know one of the things that's been keeping you going, it's notjust rob, it's the messages from people you've never met before, people who are donating, ordinary people and families who have been affected by motor neurone disease, and they are as important to you as everything else. yeah, very much so. i think when we started this it was all about rob because rob was the only person i know

who is living with mnd at this minute in time but that's changed, that's changed for all of us, for ourteam. you hear about all the different stories and there are some horror stories out there, it's such a cruel disease. and what it does to people and their families is so heartbreaking. we've got to help. we've got to find a cure, we've got to raise awareness. notjust for rob and his family, for everybody. and like i said, ifeel like there is an army, the mnd community are with us today, and they will get us through, i know they will. we're all really excited to start today but this has become more than just seven runs. today is the culmination of some wonderful support, some wonderful work by yourselves, and we feel incredibly proud to be part of this. they have been some beautiful messages. we saw earlier when we had a camera on you, you've got two father christmases running with you today hopefully to raise your spirits on the way around.

give us an idea, because you have had to do interviews every day and on top of all of that you've got the sort of physical challenge of doing what you are doing, you are running a marathon every day in under four hours. how is the body holding up? i'm not going to moan while i'm wearing this vest. i'm all right. if you said to me on tuesday you'd be waking up on day seven and this is the shape you'd be in and this is how you'd feel i'd have snapped your hand off for sure. the father christmases that we have got with us today, darryl and phil, have been outstanding all week. darryl has been alongside me on most of the solo stuff i've done and been a great friend. i'm delighted to say today that the three runners have combined, david, who's walked a marathon every day for the last six days, will run today and chris who at 50 has been absolutely amazing. we've got a wonderful team, we are going to enjoy it today. we're going to make sure we get it done and make sure that actually in the run—up to christmas people are thinking about rob,

people are thinking about the mnd association, people sparing a thought for everybody out there who is affected by this cruel disease. the seventh marathon in seven days, so moving to watch this report. i have great news to tell you, he is doing it to raise money for the charity the motor neurone disease association and he has gone over £1 million. the money is pouring in as people are watching what he is doing and really supporting what is an absolutely amazing effort by him to do those seven marathons, but also, as we were hearing from him there, it's about his friend rob burrow and also the many people out there affected by motor neurone disease. he said before it was only rob burrow that he knew and now there are so many more that have come into his awareness because of so many people getting in touch. so we will keep you updated with that. we are

thinking he might finish around sometime after 11am so we will bring you the news when he finishes that seventh marathon, and you can also keep up—to—date with how he is doing and the money that's being raised on the leeds rhinos website. now it's time for a look at the weather, with carol kirkwood. it is getting pretty cold and carol has all the details. hello, again. it's been a fairly foggy start to the day. most of that fog will lift into low cloud but some of it will linger. if cloud but some of it will linger. it lingers where yo example if it lingers where you are, for example in parts of east anglia, southern scotland, and northern ireland, that will hold back the temperature. also a few showers dotted around our coastline through today. the best chance of brightest weather will be in the west, but it is going to be a cold day whichever way you look at it. this evening and overnight, an area of low pressure currently in the north sea drifts west, taking some heavy rain with it, across parts of scotland with some snow on the mountains and gusty winds around it.

further south, we will see mist and fog patches reform, and it is going to be a cold night with some frost. tomorrow, we start off with that mist and fog which should lift more readily than today. around the low pressure, we will have areas of rain and showers and spiralling and again, gusty winds, some brightness as we come further south, where we don't have the fog, we are looking at temperatures of 3—9. hello, you're watching bbc news with joanna gosling. the headlines. hours to do a deal — post brexit trade talks resume today — but are said to be ‘on a knife edge'. final preparations are being made for the uk's mass vaccination programme against coronavirus — which is due to begin tomorrow. snowy winters could come to an end in the uk because of climate change, according to analysis from the met office.

donald trump's personal lawyer — rudy giuliani — is admitted to hospital with coronavirus. he's tweeted that he's "feeling good". hello. slight technical hitch! let's catch up with the sport with holly. totte n ha m catch up with the sport with holly. tottenham are top of the premier league this morning after beating arsenal in the north london derby yesterday. fans were allowed back into the tottenham hotspur stadium and they were treated to another son heung—min and harry kane masterclass. they worked together beautifully, scoring one each as well as setting up the other for a 2—0 win. we go match after match. we are enjoying the situation, of course, very much. i believe that the public and the ones at home in front of the screen, the tottenham fans, they are also enjoying the moment. for one more week we're

going to be top of the league. but tottenham are only ahead of liverpool on goal difference, after the champions beat wolves a—0. again, in front of fans giving jurgen klopp the opporutnity to do this again. not quite the crowd it was at anfield last time there were spectators, back in march but that didn't matter. we came here and we had goose bumps. and we thought, oh, my god. i had no idea. it's too long ago that i had 2,000 people in a stadium, to be honest, so we don't know it any more. but 2,000 people, when they're the right people, they can obviously make a proper atmosphere. it was not only the kop. they were here on the main stand and they started you'll never walk alone and so it was really nice. i had no idea that it could feel that good. jamie vardy scored a last—minute winnerfor leicester, as they beat sheffield united 2—1. but he was then booked for shattering the corner flag with his celebration.

and crystal palace thrashed ten—man west brom 5—1 at the hawthorns. christian benteke and wilfried zaha both getting two goals apiece. it's the first time palace have scored five away from home in a top—flight game. rangers are now 13 points clear of celtic at the top of the scottish premiership after beating ross county a—0 — veteran strikerjermain defoe wrapping up the scoring. they are now unbeaten in 12 away games. and that puts even more pressure on celtic, who could only draw with stjohnstone. neil lennon's side have won just two of their past 12 games — and not once at home since mid—september. the american double world cup winner alex morgan scored her first goal for tottenham as they beat brighton in the women's super league — their first win of the season. and australian star sam kerr scored a hat—trick to give chelsea a 3—2 win over west ham, and set a record of 12 successive home wins in the league.

lewis hamilton's stand—in george russell came so close to winning on his f1 debut for mercedes. but he was denied by a tyre mix—up at the sakhir grand prix. he excelled from the moment he went out on the track in bahrain, but after a bizarre pit—lane mistake, and then a puncture in the closing laps, he finished ninth, with a first victory going to racing point's sergio perez. russell admitted he was gutted. we had the win in the bag today, everything was under control. i was just managing my tires, ifelt everything was under control. i was just managing my tires, i felt great in the car, and obviously it went away from us in the car, and obviously it went away from us once, came in the car, and obviously it went away from us once, came back through, then it went away from us again. —— tyres. so yeah, i don't know. england rugby head coach eddiejones said criticism of his side's style of play was "totally disrespectful", after they beat france 22—19 to win the autumn nations cup

at twickenham. they scored a last—minute try to take it to extra time before owen farrell kicked the decisive penalty. but the reliance on a kicking game led to boos from the crowd and criticism from several former players. jones said they were just trying to find a way to win. we promised you a cracking final at the uk snooker championship and it didn't disappoint. it was between the world's number one and number three, judd trump and neil robertson. and they were separated by no more than a single frame throughout an epic late—night contest. and as the clock hands headed for 1am, it was robertson who came out on top, 10—9. well past my bedtime! you're up to date with the sport — now on bbc news it's time for your questions answered. bye from me.

last week we heard that the first delivery of vaccines had arrived in the uk. as people start being vaccinated this week, we're answering all your questions about the coronavirus vaccine. with me is dame clare gerada, who's a gp and the former head of the royal college of general practitioners. and jonathan ball — professor of molecular virology at the university of nottingham. welcome and thank you both for joining us. claire, starting with you, a question from abigail. she says, my mother is 76 years old and has stage four lung cancer and is no longer undergoing treatment, therefore i would like to know when she will receive the vaccine. i would also like to know when i will get the vaccine as her sole carer. it seems to me like carers like muscle have been the forgotten ones and this is not good enough. it is worth saying lots of people are getting in touch with those who are caring for vulnerable people asking very similar thing. 0k, her mother

is clearly in a high—risk group. she will not be one of the first to get it because it is the over 80s and thenit it because it is the over 80s and then it is decreasing from there but she will certainly get it. when i don't know. i suspect sometime in the new year, certainly not in the first batch. with respect to carers, the evidence shows that because there is still a limited amount of this vaccine, there is 800,000 voters, so that's a00,000 people, the evidence says best people to give it to are those that are most at risk. carers are not most at risk. if we can immunise those most at risk first, then we will start to reduce the death rate in this country and whatever else the vaccine is given. i am sure that ca re rs vaccine is given. i am sure that carers in their own right will form pa rt carers in their own right will form part of this vaccination programme. but most of them, if they are in a risk group themselves will get it, but otherwise they will have to wait until the highest risk people get it and that will reduce the risk for all of us. so what would a carer do if the person they are caring for

has been vaccinated and they haven't? would they have to continue to ta ke haven't? would they have to continue to take exactly the same precautions on social distancing and ppe around them? again, that is a good question, strictly speaking, no. once the person they are caring for has been fully vaccinated, we are hoping, otherwise what is the point in the vaccine, that they will be immune to covid. it doesn't mean the ca re of immune to covid. it doesn't mean the care of themselves will be immune so they will have to keep social distancing outside the home for themselves if they want to reduce their risk of getting the virus. so jonathan, to that point, our next question asks about the effectiveness of the vaccine. john christie asks, if the covid—19 vaccine is 95% effective, does this mean that those who get the vaccine are not fully protected, or does it mean that 5% of those who are vaccinated are not protected at all? it's a great question about effectiveness and what it means. if we think about the clinical trials,

the way they have been set up is to determine, or monitor people who have been vaccinated with either the placebo, the dummy vaccine, or the sars corona vaccine, monitoring them for the appearance of symptoms. and when they get so many covid cases that have been confirmed, they then look at the data and work out how many of the cases were in people who received the vaccine and how many of the cases were in the people who didn't receive the vaccine. and pretty much what those numbers mean if we had 100 cases, they saw coronavirus, 95 of those cases were in somebody who received the dummy vaccine, so the placebo, and only five cases were in those who received the sars coronavirus, and thatis received the sars coronavirus, and that is how we get 95%. the proportion of people who we think are protected. sojust going back proportion of people who we think are protected. so just going back to our first are protected. so just going back to ourfirst point, claire, i know you we re ourfirst point, claire, i know you were saying about not needing to wear ppe around somebody who has

been vaccinated, but it might be inevitable that some might have a residualfear inevitable that some might have a residual fear that what of their loved one is in that 5%? are you asking me? yes, that is always the fear. that is always the fear with any vaccination. vaccination against measles... what i would say is stage four cancer of the lung is a very serious condition and it may be that the daughter has to actually use precautions, not just the daughter has to actually use precautions, notjust for covid but for the flu, the common cold, because her mother is at risk. macro irrespective of the infection the daughter might transmit. i would say in those cases where you do have somebody you are looking after that is very unwell take precautions, whether that means wearing full ppe is another matter, but i would certainly make sure that i wash my hands, that if i have a cold i don't go near my loved one, all sorts of things like that. patricia rhodes

has another very good question asking claire, what is the risk of the new vaccines triggering autoimmune diseases years after having one? that is an excellent question. just so we understand what an autoimmune disease is, this is where the body essentially doesn't recognise its own cells as itself and starts to attack them, and it can sometimes happen in response to a normal infection, so for example a sore throat, a streptococcal sore throat, the body fights that off, but also it can think that its other cells are the bacteria and it starts to fight itself so you end up with this autoimmune antibodies fighting come ina this autoimmune antibodies fighting come in a sense, attacking its own body, and a common one is rheumatoid arthritis, coeliac disease and many others. the answer to this is vaccines very rarely, i don't think they ever have, and maybe we can

discuss that, maybejonathan could say, i don't think they do create autoimmune responses, the vaccines that we know and love. the only way we will know about this vaccine of course is time and as we are going to be immunising i imagine about a.5 billion people, i think we will probably start to get a good idea whether it does trigger an autoimmune response. but i suspect it won't because none of the other ones have. so that would leave patricia in the position of wondering whether it is best for her to have it or not. i certainly would haveit to have it or not. i certainly would have it because if she has an autoimmune disease already, so for example if she has rheumatoid arthritis, or she is a coeliac or she has one of the other autoimmune disease, that would put her at increased risk of becoming very u nwell increased risk of becoming very unwell following covid, so i would get the vaccine. what i thought the question was, could it in somebody who doesn't have a history of autoimmune disease, it could trigger an autoimmune disease and as my knowledge as a gp, i do not think so

butjonathan knowledge as a gp, i do not think so but jonathan may knowledge as a gp, i do not think so butjonathan may have a better a nswer to butjonathan may have a better answer to that. briefly, jonathan. we have loads of questions but i saw you shaking your head. we have loads of questions but i saw you shaking your headlj we have loads of questions but i saw you shaking your head. i was nodding my head, in terms of what claire said, it is all absolutely spot on. in terms of vaccines causing some kind of autoimmune disease, there was a tiny risk or concern about one of the pandemic flu vaccines come of the swine flu vaccine used in the united states that might have been associated with a syndrome called guillain—barre syndrome where the immune system starts to destroy the peripheral nerves but the evidence wasn't that strong and we have not seen anything like it since and that vaccine is used routinely, sol think, you know, the risk of having an autoimmune disease as you may well suffer a more serious disease and therefore you should get vaccinated. we have to crack through

the next question is because we have plenty to get through. jonathan, andrew says we know that the covid vaccines, though promising, i'm not 100% effective and some people will be infected after having them, will people be advised to get a test after having the vaccine to see if they are protected? is it possible? it's possible for some vaccinations and for the hepatitis b vaccine when you have had that you are often able to see the level of new community that you have. the reality is that with the covid vaccine we don't know at the moment what protective immunity actually looks like, and we know that the vaccine is around 95% effective so that means the vast majority of people will have some protection, particularly from disease, therefore i'd be very surprised if there is monitoring. what will happen is we will continue to monitor cases of covid as they come up, particularly in hospitals, and see whether or not those people have had vaccination or not, when they have had it, and that will give us an they have had it, and that will give

us an idea of how well they work and also how long the immunity lasts. claire, john newcombe is 82 and he asks, what are the risks for people on blood thinners taking the vaccine? again, lovely question. the questions from listeners are fabulous. first of all, vaccines rarely interact with any of the medicines that we give patients, and blood thinners such as warfarin, there is no interaction with other vaccines, and from what i have seen from this vaccine there is no drug interaction, so you can quite safely have the covid vaccine if you are on blood thinners. jonathan, nick hughes asks, given the speed at which the vaccines have had to be developed and produced there has been no possibility to study any long—term adverse effects of the drugs. given the experience of other drugs. given the experience of other drugs in the past that had negative and catastrophic side—effects such as thalidomide, what steps cannot have been taken as a precaution against long—term adverse effects of the drug? clearly long—term testing has not been possible in this case, but what other measures have been

taken to address this, or is it simplya taken to address this, or is it simply a case of this is our best option and we have to suck it up and see? if this is the case then i believe the public should be aware of that so they can make an informed decision. in terms of safety, one of the biggest measures, and this is true for any new drug or any new vaccine, is the data that you get from phase three trials. these are the large trials that have just been partially completed. they are still under way, most of the phase three trials will continue for another year or so. trials will continue for another year or so. but what we have is interim data which shows that all of the vaccines that are in these final stages, these phase three trials, have been shown to be safe in literally thousands, tens of thousands of people, and therefore, any adverse effects, or serious adverse effect, would be very, very rare. and so what happens once a vaccine has got licensed and any treatment, the regulators and gp surgeries and hospitals and everybody else involved, and indeed

people themselves can continue to report on any adverse effects that they might feel were triggered by having the vaccine and they are monitored routinely scrutinised carefully by the regulator. so that any very rare adverse effects are picked up after licensing. so in a way we call that a kind of phase four period for the vaccine. at the moment, all of the safety data for the pfizer, astrazeneca, moderna vaccine indicate that, yes, there are some very minor vaccine indicate that, yes, there are some very minor adverse effects, but in terms of serious ones there are not any evidence. claire, could the vaccine affect fertility, emily in north london wants to know. i see that pregnant women are being advised not to take the vaccine but what about women in their 20s and 30s who want to get pregnant? if they haven't been enough tests done on pregnant women to show it is safe how do we know it is ok for fertility? apologies that somebody is drilling upstairs, this is the

problem with covid! we are not picking it up. the reason they are not advised in pregnant women is it has not been tested in pregnant women and the chances are it is as safe as for anybody, whether pregnant or otherwise but it's the clinical trials that have not been done so it will not be licensed. with respect to fertility it will not affect fertility at all. the advice we are currently being told is not to get pregnant within three months of having the vaccine. now of course, if you are having fertility treatment you don't know when you are going to get pregnant so i would suggest, and as you fall into a very high risk group, it is unlikely, that you postpone the vaccine until you have had yourfertility treatment, gone through pregnancy and come out the other side. so there are two questions tied up in that and hopefully those are the two a nswe rs that and hopefully those are the two answers that your listener will take. last question from the viewers. jack in leicester asks jonathan, how will we know if the vaccine has been correctly stored when we receive it? is it possible they could be mistakes in storage that would not show up at the point

of having the injection that would render it pointless? it is a great question and a great storage to maintain the effectiveness of the vaccine is a great consideration. the manufacturer of the pfizer vaccine has gone to great lengths to ensure that all the way through the manufacture and transport, the cold chain, the cold storage is maintained, to the point that they have gps trackers on the vaccine lots which also measure and continually report the temperature of the vaccine. so rest assured that from the time it leaves the factory to the time it turns up in a hospital to go into a safety freezer, full points that vaccine and the temperature it is being kept that are being closely monitored. quick final question from me. i don't know which of you is best placed to answer it, but if you have had covid would you need the vaccine? should you get the vaccine? yes. the evidence is saying we will not protest people so we will assume nobody is not going to have it if

they are in one of those groups. and i'm in that position, because i've had covid macro, proven covid, but i will still be on the list to get the vaccine and that is the current advice that is being given. jonathan, is that right? it will give your immune system a nice little boost, hopefully. thank you, good to know. thank you so much command as you said claire, they we re command as you said claire, they were great questions from viewers. fantastic questions. rank you for answering them so well. thank you. bye. now, let's get the latest on brexit. in the last few moments the uk's chief negotiator, lord frost has left his hotel in brussels to head to the european commission building to continue trade talks with his eu counterpart, michel barnier. let's hear what he had to say. lord frost, can you tell us about any progress if at all possible? we are still working very hard. are you

optimistic that a deal can be achieved? he spoke very briefly. they are working very hard, which of course, they are. we will wait to see what happens and keep you updated. parts of the uk got a dusting of snow over the weekend but that could soon become a thing of the past in britain — as climate change takes hold. that's according to the met office, which has shown the bbc some of the most detailed climate—change projections ever made. here's our chief environment correspondent, justin rowlatt. nothing evokes winter like a thick blanket of snow. and sledging, snowball fights and snowmen too, of course. but, says the met office, scenes like this will become a rarity across most of britain in the decades to come if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, as they have been. we are saying by the end of the century much of the lying snow will have disappeared entirely except over the highest ground. here is how the met office projections suggest our winters could change.

this is the average temperature of the coldest day across the uk over the last two decades. everywhere in blue is below zero and the bluer the colour the colder it is. this map shows how things could have changed by the 20a0s. as you can see, most of england now rarely gets sub—0 days. now look at this. by the 2060s, only very high ground and some parts of northern scotland are likely to still experience these freezing days. temperature changes will be much less dramatic if the world succeeds in cutting emissions, and there has been good news on that front. just last week the uk government announced ambitious targets for cutting carbon, and more than 100 countries, including the uk, china and the eu, have committed to going net zero by mid century. if those promises are not honoured, we can expect more of this, the met office says.

its new data gives unprecedented detail, showing how the climate could change in every neighbourhood in the uk. as well as being warmer, our winters will get wetter. all right? how you doing? panorama has followed the wingfield family from doncaster. can we come in and have a look? you can do by all means. thank you very much. i don't give a monkeys no more. the wingfields' home was flooded in november last year when a month of rain fell over south yorkshire in a day. look at this, there is just water through the whole house. yeah. this is my father—in—law's room downstairs. this is terrible. grandpa ken suffering from dementia had to be carried out of the home safety. are you all right? yeah, i'm fine.

our summers will be a dramatic contrast to our wetter winters. they will be hotter and drier if emissions are not curbed. the warning is clear. unless the world succeeds in cutting emissions, intense weather like this could become more common. justin rowlatt, bbc news. today the bbc is launching a climate change postcode checker on the bbc news website and app today. the bbc and the met office have looked at the uk's changing climate in detail, and you can now check how how your area will be affected. just put in your postcode to discover how temperatures and rainfall will rise, over the coming years. now it's time for a look at the weather with carol kirkwood. hello, again. it's been a fairly foggy start to the day. most of that fog will lift into low cloud but some of it will linger. if it lingers where you are, for example in parts of east anglia, southern scotland, and northern ireland, that will hold back the temperature.

also a few showers dotted around our coastline through today. the best chance of brightest weather will be in the west, but it is going to be a cold day whichever way you look at it. this evening and overnight, an area of low pressure currently in the north sea drifts west, taking some heavy rain with it, across parts of scotland with some snow on the mountains and gusty winds around it. further south, we will see mist and fog patches reform, and it is going to be a cold night with some frost. tomorrow, we start off with that mist and fog which should lift more readily than today. around the low pressure, we will have areas of rain and showers spiralling and again, gusty winds, some brightness as we come further south, where we don't have the fog, we are looking at temperatures of 3—9.

this is bbc news with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. hours to do a deal — post—brexit trade talks resume today but are said to be on a knife edge. it would have been great to have got this nailed down sooner, but ultimately it's not the biggest surprise in the world that it's going right to the last minute. final preparations are being made for the uk's mass vaccination programme against coronavirus, which is due to begin tomorrow. snowy winters could come to an end in the uk because of climate change, according to analysis from the met office. donald trump's personal lawyer, rudy giuliani, is admitted to hospital with coronavirus. he's tweeted that he's feeling good. and he's a man on a marathon mission.