the pfizer/biontech coronavirus vaccine for emergency use. it paves the way for approval by the us food and drug administration. the us hopes to have around a0 million doses of the vaccine ready by the end of the year. britain's prime minister has issues a warning that leaving issued a warning that leaving the eu's single market and customs union, without a trade deal, is now a strong possibility. borisjohnson, said the eu's current offer was unacceptable because it would keep the uk "locked" into its legal system. the british actress dame barbara windsor — best known for her role in the carry on films — has died aged 83. she later successfully crossed the generational divide, and becamejust as revered for her role as peggy mitchell, the queen vic's landlady in the bbc soap eastenders. now on bbc news, hardtalk.

sad news to hear. luis will be here at the top of the hour. now on bbc news, hardtalk. welcome to hardtalk. i'm stephen sackur. this year's nobel peace prize has been awarded to the un agency dedicated to feeding the hungry and fending off mass starvation — the world food programme. this week, the award will be handed to my guest today, executive director of the wfp, david beasley, in recognition of the agency's worldwide effort to overcome the challenges of conflict and covid—19. 2020 has been a terrible year for those experiencing extreme hunger. is there a real danger 2021 will be even worse?

david beasley in washington, dc, welcome to hardtalk and many congratulations to you and the world food programme on winning the nobel peace prize this year. thank you, stephen. it really was quite a surprise, i can tell you that. well, let me ask you what it means to you and your staff right around the world to be recognised in this way. well, i think the nobel peace prize committee was sending two strong messages. number one, thank you, world food programme, for your women and men, our 20,000 people that put their lives out on the line every single day, putting their lives at risk in war zones, conflict areas,

natural disasters, doing everything they can to make this a safer world. and numbertwo, ithink it was a message, a prophetic message, saying to the world that their hardest work is yet to come. you know, i know you cos i served in washington, dc for the bbc when you were governor of south carolina. i know you're never short of a word or two, but you said when word reached you out in the field in africa that you were actually the recipient of the nobel peace prize, you couldn't find anything to say. is that really true? it really was true, stephen. and you have to put it into context. i was in the middle of niger and i'd just been out in the field. we were negotiating access because we had extremist groups, al-qaeda and isis, in the region, and so it was very tense conversations. and i was meeting with the government leaders. and all of the sudden, somebody comes busting into the room. and i'm like, "what the heck?" you know? and they're like, "nobel peace prize!" and i was like, "wow, 0k! "yeah, who won it?" and they said, "well, the world food programme.

"we won it! you won it! we won it!" and i was like, "you're kidding me!" so, stephen, i really was at a loss of words. you know, you don't get that phone call often. yeah, i think it's fair to say that. it also strikes me, despite the wide smiles, this is a bittersweet thing because you are being recognised at a time when it is clearly the case that the challenges the world food programme faces, but more particularly the challenges that the people living in the world's most disadvantaged places face, those challenges are really getting worse by the day and the week and the month. well, stephen, you hit right on it. i think the nobel peace prize committee was sending a very clear message. the world food programme has not backed down. they've been there on the hardest places, making the case worldwide. and one of the things that i think the un struggled with, the un sometimes talks a language that nobody understands. and i remember when i was meeting with the secretary general after a few weeks of being in this new position.

and i said, "mr secretary general," i said, "i don't know "what's anybody saying. "all these acronyms, what are they saying?" and he says, "i think you know how to talk to the people." and so one of the things that we've really been able to do is articulate a message of simplicity, put a human face on hunger and break through all the clutter. you know, in the last two years, if you turned on the television anywhere in the world, it was either brexit, brexit, brexit or trump, trump, trump, while we were having people starving all over the world. and here's what's really sad, stephen. when i arrived, there were 80 million people on the brink of starvation. i'm not talking about going to bed hungry. i'm talking about on the brink of starvation. that number, in three years, rose from 80 million to 135 million — pre—covid — people that don't know where the next meal is. now comes covid, along with desert locusts, etc, etc, and that number is now 270 million people around the world that don't know where the next meal is. they're marching

toward starvation. they're marching toward famine. and so we are facing a crisis of unimaginary circumstances. the scale of the problem that you've just outlined suggests to me that you feel 2021 has all of the potential to be a catastrophe. i don't think the potential is the right word. it's going to be a catastrophe, stephen. i went to the united nations security council back in april, because back in april, the leaders around the world were making decisions about covid sort of in a vacuum, without looking at the bigger picture, the consequences of lockdowns and shutdowns and ports and distribution points being shut down. and i said, "you've got to be careful here. "otherwise the cure is going to be worse than the disease." so we must make decisions about the covid health pandemic, at the same time considering the hunger pandemic, because already in 2020, we were facing crisis in multiple places around the world. then came desert locusts. then came covid, economic

deterioration and literally just catastrophic consequences. and now let me kind of paint the picture, because i said to the united nations security council back in april that we will have famines in 2020 unless the world leaders responded strategically, effectively and immediately. and they did. many things were done. but the good news was most of the economic outlook for 2020 was based upon 2019 numbers, so we had a really robust economic aspect in 2020 early. but now 2021, the numbers economically are going down, economic contraction, and yet the needs are doubling. so we're looking at 2021... you literally could be seeing famines of biblical proportions, maybe 30—some—odd countries around the world, if we don't receive the funds and the access that we need. now, i have no wish at all to sound cynical, but i dare say that some people

watching this around the world will be rolling their eyes and saying, "there we go again. "here's the leader of an international humanitarian "organisation which relies on annual begging, frankly, "to donor countries around the world, painting a terrible "dark picture because he needs to boost his own funding." is there a little bit of that going on here? no, no. i tell you, anybody who wants to think that, come along with me and i'll put you in the places that we're talking about because it's reality on the ground. when we talk about that 270 million, stephen, this isn'tjust poppycock rhetorical numbers. we can break it down on a country—by—country basis why it's going to be worse here, why it won't be so bad here. and we've done those analysis. and if we get the funds we need, the access we need, we can avert famine. but let me tell you... hang on. before you go any further, before you go any further, david, ijust want to be clear about the numbers. as i understand it, you've said that the wfp needs

$15 billion next year. are you going to get $15 billion? no. no, this year, we will receive about eight—point—some—odd billion. and we were able to avert famine, destabilisation and mass migration with those funds, but the numbers will double next year. we need $15 billion. we need $5 billionjust to avert famine in the countries that i was referring to. so i don't expect we will get the $15 billion, but we have to get $10—to—$12 billion to really prevent notjust famine, but destabilisation and mass migration. otherwise, it's going to be a lot more expensive when you go after the fact versus prevention. let's talk specifically about certain challenges that are at the top of your list. i know the world food programme has grave concerns about what is happening in yemen. i've seen you talk about imminent danger of the worst famine the world has seen for many decades

with regard to yemen. do you think that the key players in that country — i'm notjust thinking of the various authorities there are inside the country but those countries beyond its borders which wish to play a role in yemen's future, and i'm thinking of everybody from saudi arabia to iran to the united states of america — do you think they care about the scale of the humanitarian crisis? stephen, yemen is the world's worst humanitarian crisis. it is a disaster. we are supporting about 13 million people as we speak out of 29 million people. and let me say this, that 13 million, about 8.9 million of them are getting half rations because we don't have the money, we don't have the access, we don't have all the things we need to do to reach the people. and because of that, the economic deterioration is already at rock bottom. the nutrition, the health of the people is at rock bottom.

you can imagine with diphtheria and cholera, and now covid, the death rate is out of the roof, and now we're running out of money. in fact, come january, we're going to have to cut 50% rations down even further and we will be running out of money by april. it is a disaster and we've got to get the money quickly because we have to ship food from around the world into yemen. it doesn't happen overnight. so it is a disaster. i mean, literally, it'sjust... it's heartbreaking. it's absolutely heartbreaking. it just strikes me that this isn't only about money, though. i mean, the guy who is still, for the next few weeks, the incumbent president in that building behind you, donald trump, who you campaigned for and supported in 2015 when he launched his run for the presidency, donald trump and his administration are committed to continuing arming saudi arabia, supplying weapons which we believe then get used in their military campaign in yemen.

now, it's notjust about saudi arabia, but it strikes me that for you, as the leader of an international aid organisation, you can't just sort of talk about the humanitarian problem without addressing the structural issues which ensure that so many millions of people are going hungry because their country just doesn't work. well, let me tell you very clearly, and everyone remembers when i spoke out very clearly... you remember this about a year and a half ago, when the coalition had the blockade on the hudaydah port. and i'm a humanitarian leader now. i don't care where the chips fall. i'm going to speak the truth, say it like it is no matter what. and i remember i wasjumping on the coalition really hard, and the houthis were like, "thank you, thank you, thank you!" and i said, "whoa, let me tell you, i'm not doing... "i'm not speaking like i'm speaking because "i'm siding with you. "when you cross that line, i'm going tojump "on your back, too." i'm going to speak the truth, let the chips fall where they may.

because in this role, i am a humanitarian, iam neutral, i'm not taking sides. i'm doing what's best... 0ur... and i say i — i'm talking about the world food programme. we are going to do what's best for the innocent victims of war and conflict. so, yes, we need money, but also we need access. and, stephen, we need the doggone war to end. that's what needs to happen. it needs to be over. you've been saying that for a long time. i remember reading reports about a visit you made to yemen in 2019, when you went to one particular hospital. you met a doctor who was trying to treat children, many of whom were on the verge of death from starvation. and you had to leave that hospital, i believe. you just couldn't take it any more. that was well over a year ago. and nothing has changed for the better. well, actually, that's not... that's not necessarily true because we did receive substantially more monies and greater access. but the stories you're pointing to, i remember walking into that hospital and talking to the doctor, and i said, you know, "how many children do you have coming in per day?"

and he said, "about 50." i said, "well, how many can you treat at the hospital?" he said, "about 20, 25." i said, "well, what do you do with the other 25, 30?" he says, "we send them home to die." and as i was walking in the hospital, just heartbroken, i walked... you know, and when you go into a children's ward of a hospital, usually you'll hear laughter and all types of different noises. it was dead silence. it was like a morgue. and i walked in this one little room, stephen, and there was a little girl, maybe a year and a half years old, a year and a half... and i've got four children. so the little feet of this little girl were sticking out the blanket, and i thought, "well, i'm going to tickle "the little feet, get a little smile," and it was like tickling a ghost. and it absolutely just devastated me. i literally had to walk around the corner and just tear up, thinking, "this is horrific." and so we've improved conditions substantially in 2018. but now — now we are in worse conditions than we were in 2018. and that's why i'm jumping up and down again and

doing everything i can. i'm not going to stop. i'm going to keepjumping up and down no matter what happens, because these innocent victims of war deserve our support. these are our brothers and sisters. this is humanity that we're turning our back on right now. and it's wrong. i think people will hear and see the passion that you bring to this, but would you acknowledge that right now there is — around the world — a political trend which suggests people faced with their own economic problems, still more so after covid—19, are turning inward? they are fatigued and they are wearied with the notion that they have to take responsibility for the problems of the rest of the world, including the poorest people? and frankly, they are fatigued, many of them, with the whole notion of traditional multilateralism. and again, turning to the guy in that building behind you, he was a siren voice in that way of thinking.

there's no doubt about that, and that was, when i got the phone call about doing this, iwas like, "you know, "i don't want a job, i'm not looking for some job." and they said, "well, you're the best person "that can convince this new administration," and this was four years ago, "that why strategic international "aid is needed." and so i call it the miracle on pennsylvania avenue, stephen, because at both ends of pennsylvania avenue from the white house, always... ..all the way down to the us capitol, we've been bringing republicans and democrats together in spite of the fact they're fighting on everything, when it comes to food aid, it's amazing how they've come together. and let me tell you, in the united states alone, when i arrived, we were receiving about $1.9 billion from the united states. today, we're receiving about $3.5 billion this year, $3.1; billion last year. so the united states has not backed down, whether it's bush, 0bama. well...yeah... ..or trump or biden. well... we'll have support from washington, dc. i understand that you've

continued to get your money at world food programme, but you cannot ignore other things that have happened within the humanitarian sphere. you've seen your erstwhile ally, donald trump, walk away, for example, from the world health 0rganization. and you at the world food programme, for the last few months, have been working hand—in—glove with the who to ensure that the world's poorest people get some sort of protective equipment, get what basics they need to safeguard against the spread of the pandemic. i just would like you to be honest with me. what is your feeling about the way, notjust world health organization, but the trump administration has dealt with these sort of multilateral institutions, generally? well, i'll leave the politics up to the politicians. and i'm a humanitarian, but we have an incredible working relationship with who. and to give you an example, in this covid pandemic, we've worked with who because we're the logistics arm for the united nations and for the humanitarian sphere.

when airline industries were shutting down, we were stepping up, delivering supplies, over 85,000 cubic metres of testing equipment, ventilators, masks, gowns, whatever it took, as well as personnel, first responders, doctors, working with who to get out there on the field and get it done. we ignore the politics. we stay focused on what we do, and we do it really well. and that's why the nobel peace prize committee said, "hey, wfp, thank you, but you got a lot "of work to do." and so we get support from the united states. but it's notjust the united states, stephen, because this is trying times for people all over the world... no, well... ..leaders all over the world. you're absolutely right. it's not just about the united states. i would like to have your thoughts, for example, on the declaration of the uk government that it's no longer prepared to meet the un sanction threshold of 0.7% of national income going to foreign aid. the uk government, having met that commitment for years, is now saying it's going to cut it because of economic pressures at home to 0.5%. and that's symptomatic of something that is happening

in many parts of the world. just as you were saying that "2021's going to be "a disaster and we need at least $12 billion." the crunch is coming. no, it is coming, and this is... i've been travelling extensively over the past many months, meeting with leaders in the uk, germany, the eu, the united states, the gulf states, saying, "look, you're not going to have enough money in 2021 "to allocate for all interests. "you're going to have to prioritise when it comes "to famine, destabilisation and mass migration." the uk has been an incredible partner to the world food programme for many, many years. and i know they've got some difficult political decisions to make, but we are very appreciative of what they've done. but i have little doubt they will continue to step up. if we paint a bigger picture, do you feel it's now incumbent upon people like you to speak out about climate change in a way that you never have before, and the degree to which climate change is going to present a massive long—term problem to keeping

the world, particularly the poorest parts of the world, sufficiently fed? well, the poorest pay the price for climate change. and they really just receive the blunt end of the stick, so to speak. and so when i talked earlier about 80 million people on the brink of starvation four years ago, to now 270 million, of which half of that's covid. the other half, primarily, has been driven by man—made conflict. the number two driving force, stephen, has been climate — changing climate extremes. and i can...i‘ve talked to a lot of my friends who've said, "well, about this climate change..." i've said, "look, you can debate all day long "what you think may or may not be causing a change. "but come with me and let me show you in the sahel, "let me show you in niger, when there's less rain "or there's more flash flooding and the consequences, "and these people don't have time for you to "‘debate' what's real." we've got to come in and change the atmosphere for them, work with them so they can survive. and that's why we have

food for assets programmes, rehabilitating land, better seeds, better productivity so they can survive while the world leaders come to fruition of changes that will, in fact, make this a safer and better world. one thing i want to ask you, in your handling of what you see as a looming, massive crisis of starvation around the world, is whether you think it's time for you and others to reach out to the world's richest individuals, to, in a sense, bypass governments with some of the political problems we've talked about and reach out to the jeff bezoses and the bill gates and the other richest individuals? because you tweeted just a week or two ago, "$2.7 trillion "of additional wealth created in four months by the world's "billionaires during the height of covid—19. "we need just $5 billion to save millions from famine. "what am i missing? "help me." what response did you get?

yeah... well, we're still...we're still in the early stages of this, but, stephen, what you've hit on is, i'm not asking them to step up annually. i'm saying, "the world has a crisis at hand and the world "needs for you to step up right now, on this one—time basis, "and prevent mass famine, destabilisation and migration." there are 2,200 billionaires around the world. they have $10 trillion of wealth. $2.7 trillion of wealth was created by these 2,200 billionaires injust april, may, june and july. and so we need $5 billion, i'm like, "whatam i missing? "come on, please help. "the world needs you." governments are stretched right now because... please understand, in 2020, governments put up $19.7 trillion in economic stimulus packages, covid and health care packages to respond,

and that money's not going to be available for 2021. so 2021 is looking horrific. so we need these billionaires, and, i mean... ..give some money back to help people in this one—time crisis. show the world you care. please, we need your help, and we need it now. a last question for you, and it comes out of you describing breaking down in tears in yemen. ijust wonder, in the job you have right now, whether you ever feel utterly helpless and hopeless? because the situation is dire. you do your best, but it seems, often it looks like sticking plasters, rather than really addressing the true sickness of the patient. do you feel hopeless? you know, when you get out there in the field, and i spend a lot of my time out there in the field, in the war zones, with the children that are dying, and you see these children with hope in their eyes,

no matter the circumstances, you know, i was doing an interview one time on...on yemen, in fact, about a year and a half ago. scott pelley with 60 minutes, you know who i'm talking about. mmm. and we were de—mic‘ing, stephen, and he looked at me and he said, "you know, you've got the greatestjob "on earth, saving people all over the world." and i said, "scott, i really do." i said, "but i will say something that you hadn't "thought of that's going to bother you." and he looked at me like, "what could that be?" and i said, "i don't go... "go to bed at night thinking about the children we save. "i go to bed at night weeping over the children "we couldn't save." and i said, "when we don't get enough money, we have "to choose which children eat, which children don't eat." i said, "how would you like thatjob?" it's easy to get hopeless, but we can't do it. we owe it to these children around the world. we owe it to the innocent victims of war and conflict. we owe it to them to give them hope. and the world food programme, we're going to continue to do that at all costs.

david beasley, thank you very much for joining me on hardtalk. and let me send my congratulations again to the world food programme. thank you very much. thank you, stephen. hello again. although skies across the uk on thursday were almost uniformly grey and drab, skies like these overhead in llangollen were pretty commonplace across the country. there were, however, big temperature contrasts from place to place. in the west, we had some milder atlantic air moving in.

whereas across central and eastern england along with the whole of scotland, we had much colder continental air. in the west, temperatures reached double figures, it was actually quite mild, 10—11 celsius. but across central and eastern england and scotland, temperatures were more typically around 5—6 celsius. we only managed to get 4 in dalwhinnie in the highlands of scotland. so, there were some big contrasts. those contrasts were driven, really, by this weather front that's been bringing rain eastwards over recent hours. and it's, as well, been one of those nights where the milder air has been pushing in. temperatures for some have actually been rising throughout the night as well. so, for most of us, friday will get off to a relatively mild note but across eastern england, eastern scotland, there will still be some rain around. in fact, the rain will linger in aberdeenshire pretty much all day, bringing a risk of some localised flooding. but i suspect there will for a time in the morning be some low cloud for north east england and eastern scotland with some hill fog patches around. now, the skies do try to brighten up from the west but there will be plenty of showers coming through later on in the day. that milder air pushing into pretty much all

of the uk though as we head towards the afternoon. so, temperatures will be lifting across those central and eastern areas. the weekend — well, we've still got low pressure loitering on the weather chart. that will continue to bring some rain for a time across scotland. the rain quite slow to ease across eastern areas of england — none of it particularly heavy, mind you — but later in the day, we'll start to see a ridge of high pressure building in from the west and that means that we should see more in the way of sunshine for northern ireland, for wales, for western and central southern areas of england. now, that sunshine isn't going to hang around too long because the ridge is going to move away to be replaced by the second half of this weekend by low pressure. that low pressure will be bringing south—westerly winds. so, again, we should see some milder air sloshing its way in across the uk. now, sunday promises to be quite a windy day. we may well even have gales for a time around some of our western coasts. there will certainly be a lot of rain around as well, and even as the rain clears, showers will follow on. temperatures though on the mild side, reaching a high towards the south west of 13 celsius.

that's your latest weather.

this is bbc news. i'm james reynolds with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. a panel of us experts recommends that the szier covid—19 vaccine be given approval for use, the fda normally follows its advice. a stark warning from britain's prime minister. borisjohnson says there's a ‘strong possibility‘ that the uk will fail to strike a post—brexit trade deal with the european union. i stand ready to talk to anybody, our friends and partners in the eu, whenever they want to. at the moment, i have to tell you, in all candour, the treaty is not there yet. pushing the poorest further into poverty. how coronavirus is hitting those who are already struggling, and making a hard situation even worse. the british actress, barbara windsor, best known