there will be —— western scotland. there will be rain in places as we start the week. it turns dry as the week wears on but it will also turn colder in time for christmas. this is bbc news. the headlines... nearly 18 million people in london and southeast england move into stricter tear four restrictions from midnight. people must stay at home and nonessential shops have to close. for those in tier 4, the relaxation of rules and christmas has been scrapped and reduced to one day for the rest of england. we must be realistic. we're sacrificing the chance to see our loved ones this christmas so we have a better chance of protecting their lives so that we can see them at future christmases.

new restrictions are due to a spike in cases. the whole of wales is to be placed under lockdown from midnight with festive rules cancelled for all the christmas day. scotla nd cancelled for all the christmas day. scotland reduces the five—day festive window from mixing with other households and towards to christmas day itself, and imposes a strict travel ban between itself and the rest of the uk. now on bbc news, for thousands of years, the inuit people lived off the land. now that weather panels in the arctic have shifted, and you went women are trying to hold their families together through it all. life on thin ice follows three generations of inuit women to see the impact that climate change has had on their community.

vocalizing climate change came along and changed everything. due to the ice melting, we have seen all of these changes. it's affecting us up here in the arctic circle. i am worried about the future. we don't have any room to give. we don't know what's going to happen. we have been here for thousands of years but now my children really have no idea what's ahead of them and it's scary.

kotzebue's population is about 3000 people. it's a nice place, very isolated, no roads. the only way we go to the village is by commuter planes, sometimes we go by boat. wintertime, we go by snow machine. four sons and two daughters, i have 1a grandchildren and two great granchildren.

we like to be called inupiaq, not eskimo. inupiaq means real people. eskimo is a non—native description of us. we know our land, it is like a heartbeat. we know how to survive, how to control the high waters, the low waters. we are oui’ own almanac. but then climate change came along and it changed everything. suddenly, everything starts to melt. but we dealt with this for the last ten or 15 years. we learned to keep the frustration at bay. we know we are in danger today. we know it's there. we just have to learn how to deal with it.

you are listening to kotz, with a news update. summer temperatures were three degrees warmer on average this year, on top of a record spring that was 6 degrees warmer than the previous record. those temperatures mean warmer waters in the sound, which could mean changes. in the winter... i have always loved being outside with my dad, just hunting and trapping and fishing. once you are out there, you kind of feel super insignificant, which may be a lot of people wouldn't like to feel. which maybe a lot of people wouldn't like to feel. you are kind of at the lands mercy, the mercy of the weather and the animals.

my dad was blessed with three girls at first! and typically it is the guys who go out hunting. he had to kind of work with what he had. when i was younger, i didn't want to be, like, native, you know? i have some lighter skin friends and i wanted to be lighter skinned. but now it's so celebrated. hunting and fishing and living a subsistence lifestyle, i feel it's a huge part of my identity, who i am. are you ready to pull up the traps? see if there's any beavers in there. when my family is out on the ice, anything can happen. we live in a place

where nature rules. things can turn quickly. the weather can turn quickly. the ice breaks up. they can fall through. and they have, you know, before. it can be pretty nerve—wracking for a mum at home waiting for her crew. you never know what you're going to get... nothing in that one either. it is important to store food for the winter.

make sure you can get as much as you can of a certain meat, berry, when it's in season. we only a few hours of daylight per day. over the past years, we have seen all of these changes. there will be a little less of an animal, maybe they won't come at all. caribou is one of our main food sources. this year, we didn't get any caribou. usually they come pretty close in before. we usually go out there by boat and shoot some caribou, and stock our freezers full. but we weren't able to do that this year. due to the ice melting, there are a lot of new waterways opening up. this will be used for shipping vessels to make their lives easier. vessels to make their routes easier.

the problem with this is that there is a lot of noise the ships make. this can have a big effect on our animals, our marine wildlife. it's like we're trying to have a conversation and there is construction happening outside. we're going to want to move to a different room to have a conversation. that's what the animals are doing. in a few years, i'm afraid that we won't have this subsistence lifestyle, we won't have a connection to the land like we used to. and my children in the future won't be able to this connection. won't be able to feel this connection. in terms of climate change, earlier today when we left, it was all solid ice. in a couple of hours, a storm surge broke up all these pieces of ice and it is moving them back in. the danger that we live in nowadays, you know, it can change just like that.

if you can't predict the weather, you can't your safety. mum doesn't want you guys to... inaudible. we notice all of these changes because we are part of it, we see it. it's almost like having thousands and thousands of scientists of scientists out here every day it's a fact, it's right before you, you can't deny it, you know? it's important to use every part of the animal because it gave itself up for you to eat and for your family to eat,

and for your community to eat. 0k, remember how to do this? yes, take the flippers off first. in our culture, we are very communal, we make sure that we give a good portion of our catch especially to elders, who taught us how to do all of this. we want to make sure they are eating well. i talk to my daughters a lot, and 16 grandkids. a lot, and i have 16 grandkids. i try to share what i've learned, my life stories, and how we were brought up. we call it our crusade,

how we lived. if you want to live a good life, grasp some of that. anything domestic, i never really learned as a kid. i'm taking the time to learn it now because you need to know all of these skills to survive, and i want to be able to pass down those domestic skills to my kids. do it from this way? make sure the fur is back lot back in the day, they strive for perfection, because a lot of times the stitching was important. they have to go out in 40 below. and make sure that everything was just right.

when i was growing up, the environment was very different. cold. it was extremely cold, lots of snow in the wintertime. some of the snow would cover as far as the roof of some homes. so it was very different. you would be hard pressed to find anyone who lives in this area that doesn't believe in climate change, global warming or anything, because we live it every day. we see the effects on the ice, year to year. we see the difference in the migration of the animals. the ice underneath the tundra, permafrost, it's supposed to be frozen 365 days a year. we have to have our houses on stilts because the heat from your house will melt the permafrost.

the temperature is rising in our area, and with the glaciers melting, water is more than it used to be, the storm is more than it used to be. —— the storms are different. the erosion is happening. some of the villages are in danger of losing the entire village. kotzebue is projected to disappear at some point because of global warming, and the water is rising. we are right on the ocean, at sea level. there is a fear that at some point, our life is going to be moved, drastically changed or nonexistent. my children really have no idea what's ahead of them, and it's scary.

you are listening to this news update. as climate change hits coastal communities in alaska, many tribes are being forced to consider moving from their ancestral lands... the house that we live in now, my family, is the house my parents built, my dad built this entire house. so it's the house that i grew up in. chickens! they kind of look at you with one eyeball. we're here, you know, we are at the back side in our house. it's shallow all the way over... it's like four feet deep out here. even when we go to camp, we have to go around the sand bar. it's only four feet.

i am worried because we are on a small spit. we don't have any room to give stop if the water was to come up if the water was to come up i don't know how many feet, it would come over the road. my house is close to the lagoon. it looks good. show daddy first. it's not easy living here. but the sense of community and the closeness that we have with people in our community is how i feel i want my children to be raised. this is my mum and me when i was a baby. she made everything that i'm wearing.

the front sea wall was put up to preserve that front street. from the time that i was a kid until the time it got put up, it narrowed a lot. there were spaces where it was only a one—way street. i don't know much about permafrost, you know. i'm not a scientist, but i can tell you what i have seen with my eyes. when i was in high school, we would take trips down the coast, we could go all the way down. but now, even this, both sides of the tundra were falling, but now, even this summer, whole sides of the tundra were falling, and you could see the melting. there was like a stream of melting permafrost, you know, going out to the ocean.

soi so i know it's melting. i know it is. people make, like, handles and stuff. you don't need anything, you don't leave anything, you take the whole head and use it. john took this and made a drying rack. now we have deboned moose. in the summer we do strips because it is a four—day process. it is like extreme green range. 0ur food comes from out there, it's roaming all those thousands and thousands of untouched acres of tundra and mountains. i believe that eskimos, inupiaq people need to eat the food that their ancestors ate.

get out of the kitchen while i'm cooking! we don't have anything that connects us to a road system. so the only way to get groceries and every item that you can physically see, it got here by air. that inflates the cost of your item, because you're having to pay for the freight to get here. it's crazy how expensive things are. milk is like $11 a gallon. money makes the world go around, i guess. spicy? 0k. 0ur predictable winters where we could say by october or whatever, it's going to be frozen enough to do this, it's not happening any more. it's different every year.

it's like a sliding scale. we don't know what's going to happen. what if i don't get fish, what if i don't get something i was counting on getting? i wanted to go fishing today. i called my aunt and she said, "let's go fishing," and then she called me last night and said, i don't know if we can go fishing, it's supposed to be high water." we had one of the road is blocked because the water was going up on it we had one of the roads blocked because the water was going up on it at six this morning. when it's like this, it means the water is high, it's all the way up here. you can see the water. i can't see the dark spots because it snowed, it stormed over the ice and then

we had the high water that came all the way up here, so i don't know if there is water in between the eyes that was already established, and the snow that in between the ice that was already established, and the snow that snowed on top of it. you could lose your feet to frostbite you step through this right here, it's dangerous. you have to have multiple ways of deciding what you're going to do. you can'tjust go, "oh, it's coold, i'm going to go on the ice." it high water, did it freeze? did it snow? you can't see, there could be dark spots. it's kind of dangerous. i was born and raised here in the middle of winter.

i can't imagine not knowing what snow and ice is. mother nature is our mother. she cares for us, she supplies for us. why is there climate change? because of the human people, the very people that mother is nurturing. humans are abusing. man can be the culprit behind greed to ruin the first peoples, people that thrived with the heartbeat of mother earth. why? why can't they ask us?

it's a hard pill to swallow. we don't just want to survive, we want to thrive on this land. i can't imagine having to relocate the whole home just because the water is coming up over it. it's devastating as a community. my ancestors have been living off this land for a long time. they passed on their knowledge about the land. the inupiaq are connected as a community, so i think if we stick together, we'll be able to adapt to the changes.

i think the rest of the world needs to learn from indigenous people because they learn throughout their lives how to survive. people have hearts. doesn't matter if you are a billionaire or if you live in a little home, the logic is we are connected to the land. so there is time to rejuvenate. this new generation, they can change their energy to fix mother earth.

hello there. the heavy rain we've seen over recent days has been working into oui’ recent days has been working into our river with the rivers running high. we've seen a number of flood warnings over the last 2a hours. some pretty high waters here. on the satellite picture, a number of showers are waiting to come in on sunday, wrapped around this area of low pressure. further a failed, further areas of low pressure queuing up waiting to bring more rain -- queuing up waiting to bring more rain —— and further afield. another day of sunday a nun ‘s hours. the showers most frequent across worse western areas —— sunday for four run of showers. perhaps the showers easing off her wales and south west england. but a cooler day nationwide, looking at temperatures between 8—11 c. monday, we're looking at the next area moving in pretty quickly. this is going to be bringing in heavy outbreaks of rain

across england and wales with strengthening winds, particularly affecting the south coast and into southeast england. further north into scotland pushing eastwards with time with the weather slowly brightening up from the west as we head into monday afternoon. still miles across certain areas, temperatures could reach 13 degrees in london but across northern england and northern ireland and scotland, this could be getting colder. temperatures dropping around six celsius to the afternoon. tuesday, we see this weather front lurking across southern counties of england into southern wales, though midlands east anglia. with that will probably come a lot of cloud, some mist and hill fog patches possible. as well, we've got more rain across the southern areas. further north, a few showers for the far north of scotland, still chilly across northern areas of the uk and the milderair northern areas of the uk and the milder air just northern areas of the uk and the milder airjust about northern areas of the uk and the milder air just about hanging northern areas of the uk and the milder airjust about hanging on across the far south of england. into wednesday, low pressure, this is going to bring outbreaks of rain but some uncertainty about exactly how far north this band of rain

gets. it could reach as far north of scotland, another area of uncertainty. we don't knowjust yet how intense the area of low pressure will be. that will affect how strong the winds are going to get. but i think at the moment, rain at times, more likely to see some sunshine and a few scattered showers in the northwest. uncertainty for wednesday clears off through thursday and friday as colder air actually moves in across the whole of the country. a real change in weatherfortunes in across the whole of the country. a real change in weather fortunes as we head into christmas eve. a fairly widespread foster across northern areas ina widespread foster across northern areas in a star—crossed at that. plenty of drive weather, and look at those temperatures dropping away. highs 4—6 for many of us. there will be a sharper widespread frost following christmas eve, which is thursday night, on into friday. a crisp start to the day, frosty as we head into christmas but should be a

lot of dry weather and sunshine for most areas. cloud will probably fill in across the north and west of scotla nd in across the north and west of scotland as we go through the day with a south—westerly wound wind picking up. business day looks like being a cold one. five or six celsius if you can go outside for a socially distance day. on into the weekend, cloud will build eventually. that's weekend, cloud will build that's your weather.

this is bbc news the headlines at 9pm. nearly 18 million people in london and south—east england move into stricter tier 4 restrictions from midnight — people must stay it is with a very heavy heart i must tell you we cannot carry on with christmas as planned. in england, those living in tier 4 areas should not mix with anyone outside their household at christmas. the new restrictions are blamed on new variant of the disease. travel is banned except for essential business with others across england asked to stay