a post—brexit trade deal unless there's a "substantial shift" from the eu. a senior brussels source insisted it was in both sides‘ interests to reach a fair deal. there are less than two weeks until the transition period ends. president trump has dismissed allegations that russia was behind a major cyber espionage attack that penetrated several us government agencies — as well as organisations around the world. mr trump alleged on twitter that the attack wasn't as bad as reported in what he called the fake news media. the retail and hospitality sector have faced unprecedented challenges because of the pendant. the announcement today that all nonessential shops will have to close in every guess moving into tier 4 is a further blow to retailers of the last weekend before christmas. it is our business correspondent katie austin.

there were plenty of people shopping in london's oxford street this afternoon and shoppers queued to enter this department store in high wycombe while they still could. nonessential stores in england's tier 4 areas must close from tomorrow along with beauty businesses and gyms. it is a blow for this men's clothes shop in kent. it is devastating, awful. yeah, because we got another five days i think of trading up to christmas when, yeah, we would take a lot of money potentially. and we won't take a penny. this weekend, the last before christmas, would normally be one of the busiest if not the busiest weekends of the year for retailers. just today, more areas of england have moved into the tier 3 level of restrictions, meaning shops staying open, while hospitality and entertainment venues closed apart from take a ways. many retailers have stepped up their online offering but the industry group said shutting under tier 4 would still have severe consequences.

previous lockdowns have meant that store sales have fallen by between 1.5, to £2 billion a week. and that obviously is going to be even greater at this time of year. so it is vital that future support is targeted to those businesses by government that have been most affected. trains will keep running for essential travel during the christmas period. people who cannot use pre—booked tickets can get a refund, voucher or rebook forfree. businesses say they understand the need to protect public health but for struggling firms, more bad news is hard to stomach. katie austin, bbc news. now on bbc news it's time for this week's edition of 100 women. vocalizing.

climate change came along and changed everything. due to the ice melting, we have seen all of these changes. it's affecting us up here in the arctic circle. i am worried about the future. we don't have any room to give. we don't know what's going to happen. inuit have been here for thousands of years but now my children really have no idea what's ahead of them and it's scary.

kotzebue's population is about 3000 people. it's a nice place, very isolated, no roads. the only way we go to the village is by commuter planes. summertime, we go by boat. wintertime, we go by snow machine. 0riginated to hear about 1k yea rs 0riginated to hear about 1k years ago. “— 0riginated to hear about 1k years ago. —— a0 years 0riginated to hear about 1a years ago. —— a0 years ago. four sons and two daughters, i have 1a grandchildren and two great granchildren. we like to be called inupiaq, not eskimo. inupiaq means real people.

eskimo is a non—native description of us. we know our land, it is like a heartbeat. we know how to survive, how to control the high waters, the low waters. we are our own almanac. but then climate change came along and it changed everything. suddenly, everything starts to melt. but we dealt with this for the last ten or 15 years. we learned to keep the frustration at bay. we know we are in danger today. we know it's there. we just have to learn how to deal with it.

you are listening to kotz, with a news update. summer temperatures were three degrees warmer on average this year, on top of a record spring that was 6 degrees warmer than the previous record. those temperatures mean warmer waters in the sound, which could mean changes. in the winter... i have always loved being outside with my dad, just hunting and trapping and fishing. once you are out there, you kind of feel super insignificant, which maybe a lot of people wouldn't like to feel. you are kind of at the lands mercy, the mercy of the weather and the animals. my dad was blessed with

three girls at first! and typically it is the guys who go out hunting. he had to kind of work with what he had. when i was younger, i didn't want to be, like, native, you know? i have some lighter skin friends and i wanted to be lighter skinned. but now it's so celebrated. hunting and fishing and living a subsistence lifestyle, i feel it's a huge part of my identity, who i am. are you ready to pull up the traps? see if there's any beavers in there. when my family is out on the ice, anything can happen. we live in a place where nature rules.

things can turn quickly. the weather can turn quickly. the ice breaks up. they can fall through. and they have, you know, before. it can be pretty nerve—wracking for a mum at home waiting for her crew. you never know what you're going to get... nothing in that one either. it is important to store food for the winter. make sure you can get as much as you can of a certain meat, berry, when it's in season.

we only a few hours of daylight per day. over the past years, we have seen all of these changes. there will be a little less of an animal, maybe they won't come at all. caribou is one of our main food sources. this year, we didn't get any caribou. usually they come pretty close in before. pretty close in the fall. we usually go out there by boat and shoot some caribou, and stock our freezers full. but we weren't able to do that this year. due to the ice melting, there are a lot of new waterways opening up. this will be used for shipping vessels to make their routes easier. the problem with this is that there is a lot of noise the ships make. this can have a big effect on our animals,

our marine wildlife. it's like we're trying to have a conversation and there is construction happening outside. we're going to want to move to a different room to have a conversation. that's what the animals are doing. in a few years, i'm afraid that we won't have this subsistence lifestyle, we won't have a connection to the land like we used to. and my children in the future won't be able to feel this connection. in terms of climate change, earlier today when we left, it was all solid ice. in a couple of hours, a storm surge broke up all these pieces of ice and it is moving them back in. the danger that we live in nowadays, you know, it can change just like that.

if you can't predict the weather, you can't predict your safety. mum doesn't want you guys to... to get all sealy. we notice all of these changes because we are part of it, we see it. it's almost like having thousands and thousands of scientists out here every day it's a fact, it's right before you, you can't deny it, you know? it's important to use every part of the animal because it gave itself up for you to eat and for your family to eat, and for your community to eat.

0k, remember how to do this? yes, take the flippers off first. in our culture, we are very communal, we make sure that we give a good portion of our catch especially to elders, who taught us how to do all of this. we want to make sure they are eating well. i talk to my daughters a lot, and i have 16 grandkids. i try to share what i've learned, my life stories, and how we were brought up. we call it our crusade, how we lived. if you want to live a good

life, grasp some of that. anything domestic, i never really learned as a kid. i'm taking the time to learn it now because you need to know all of these skills to survive, and i want to be able to pass down those domestic skills to my kids. do it from this way? make sure the fur is under. back in the day, they strived for perfection, because a lot of times the stitching was important. they have to go out in 40 below. and make sure that everything was just right. when i was growing up, the environment was very different. cold.

it was extremely cold, lots of snow in the wintertime. some of the snow would cover as far as the roof of some homes. so it was very different. you would be hard pressed to find anyone who lives in this area that doesn't believe in climate change, global warming or anything, because we live it every day. we see the effects on the ice, year to year. we see the difference in the migration of the animals. the ice underneath the tundra, permafrost, it's supposed to be frozen 365 days a year. we have to have our houses on stilts because the heat from your house will melt the permafrost. the temperature is rising in our area, and with

the glaciers melting, water is more than it used to be, the storms are different than it used to be. the erosion is happening. some of the villages are in danger of losing the entire village. kotzebue is projected to disappear at some point because of global warming, and the water is rising. we are right on the ocean, at sea level. there is a fear that at some point, our life is going to be moved, drastically changed or nonexistent. my children really have no idea what's ahead of them, and it's scary. you are listening

to this news update. as climate change hits coastal communities in alaska, many tribes are being forced to consider moving from their ancestral lands... the house that we live in now, my family, is the house my parents built, my dad built this entire house. so it's the house that i grew up in. chickens! they kind of look at you with one eyeball. we're here, you know, we are at the back side in our house. it's shallow all the way over... it's like four feet deep out here. even when we go to camp, we have to go around the sand bar. it's only four feet. i am worried because we are on a small spit.

we don't have any room to give... if the water was to come up i don't know how many feet, it would come over the road. my house is close to the lagoon. it looks good. show daddy first. it's not easy living here. but the sense of community and the closeness that we have with people in our community is how i feel i want my children to be raised. this is my mum and me when i was a baby. she made everything that i'm wearing.

the front sea wall was put up to preserve that front street. from the time that i was a kid until the time it got put up, it narrowed a lot. there were spaces where it was only a one—way street. i don't know much about permafrost, you know. i'm not a scientist, but i can tell you what i have seen with my eyes. when i was in high school, we would take trips down the coast, we could go all the way down. but now, even this summer, whole sides of the tundra were falling, and you could see the melting. there was like a stream of melting permafrost, you know, going out to the ocean. so i know it's melting. i know it is.

people make, like, knife handles and stuff. you don't leave anything, you take the whole head and use it. john took this and made a drying rack. now we have deboned moose. in the summer we do strips because it is a four—day process. it is like extreme green range. 0ur food comes from out there, it's roaming all those thousands and thousands of untouched acres of tundra and mountains. i believe that eskimos, inupiaq people need to eat the food that their ancestors ate.

get out of the kitchen while i'm cooking! we don't have anything that connects us to a road system. so the only way to get groceries and every item that you can physically see, it got here by air. that inflates the cost of your item, because you're having to pay for the freight to get here. it's crazy how expensive things are. milk is like $11 a gallon. money makes the world go around, i guess. spicy? 0k. 0ur predictable winters where we could say by october or whatever, it's going to be frozen, i can do this, it's not happening any more. it's different every year. it's like a sliding scale. we don't know what's going to happen. what if i don't get fish, what if i don't get something i was counting on getting?

i wanted to go fishing today. i called my aunt and she said, "let's go fishing," and then she called me last night and said, "i don't know if we can go fishing, it's supposed to be high water." we had one of the roads blocked because the water was going up on it at six this morning. when it's like this, it means the water is high, it's all the way up here. you can see the water. i can't see the dark spots because it snowed, it stormed over the ice and then we had the high water

that came all the way up here, so i don't know if there is water in between the ice that was already established, and the snow that snowed on top of it. you could lose your feet to frostbite you step through this right here, it's dangerous. you have to have multiple ways of deciding what you're going to do. you can'tjust go, "oh, it's coold, i'm you can'tjust go, "oh, it's cold, i'm going to go on the ice." it high water, did it freeze? did it snow? you can't see, there could be dark spots. it's kind of dangerous. i was born and raised here in the middle of winter. i can't imagine not knowing

what snow and ice is. mother nature is our mother. she cares for us, she supplies for us. why is there climate change? because of the human people, the very people that mother is nurturing. humans are abusing. man can be the culprit behind greed to ruin the first peoples, people that thrived with the heartbeat of mother earth. why? why can't they ask us? it's a hard pill to swallow.

we don't just want to survive, we want to thrive on this land. i can't imagine having to relocate the whole home just because the water is coming up over it. it's devastating as a community. my ancestors have been living off this land for a long time. they passed on their knowledge about the land. the inupiaq are connected as a community, so i think if we really stick together, we'll be able to adapt to the changes. i think the rest of the world needs to learn from indigenous people because they learn

throughout their livespan to know how to survive. people have hearts. doesn't matter if you are a billionaire or if you live in a pitiful home, the logic is we are connected to the land. so there is time to rejuvenate hearts. this new generation, they can change their energy to fix mother earth. hello. there is some more rain in the forecast over the next few days.

that rain coming on top of what we already had over the last week or so. so much rain that in some places flood warnings are enforced. you can check the bbc weather websites to see if flood warnings are affecting your area. low pressure in charge of the moment feeding showers in from the west, some of the showers continue to be pretty heavy through the day on sunday. focusing in the western areas, further east not as many showers and more generally i think the showers will become fewer and further between for a time during saturday afternoon. at the same time this band of heavy downpours will swing in through northern ireland to the far west of scotland, it will stay quite blustery here as well with gusts of a0 to maybe 50 mph or more in the most exposed spots. just a touch down on saturday values for some of us highest between eight and 11 degrees. during sunday night we will see these heavy showers pushing across from the south without a persistent rain

would push in the southern england and wales, east anglia by the end of the night. and the southern parts temperatures climbing as the night wears on, 11 degrees by five o'clock in the morning. a little bit chillier for the north. that sets us up for monday because it's his frontal sister this frontal system but continues to bring rain across parts of england and wales commit some of that ring getting to southern scotland but to the south of it feeding it's a mild air or as further north some chilly air working its way in. some big contrasts through the day on monday. rain pushing eastwards out of eastern england, quite early on monday but continuing across northern england up until scotland at the same time showers across the far north. brighter into northern ireland, you can see that temperature contrast. 6 degrees in glasgow, 1a in london well above the norm for this time of year. as we head deeper into the week another area of low pressure will bring more rain for some on wednesday. that will then start to slide a wake high pressure will build in dryerjust in time

for christmas but it will also start to feel quite chilly for all of us. single—digit temperatures by thursday and friday, but for most places will be dry with some spells of sunshine.

welcome to bbc news. i'm lewis vaughan jones. our top stories: new covid restrictions are now in place in london and surrounding areas — nearly 18 million people are affected. italy will go into a full national lockdown to slow the rising number of coronavirus infections there. the uk government claims there'll be no brexit trade deal without a substantial shift in position from the eu. and president trump plays down the scale of a major cyber attack on us government agencies, and questions whether russia was responsible.