president trump has threatened not to sign a $900 billion coronavirus relief package agreed to by congress after months of wrangling. he said the bill was a disgrace with wasteful spending on foreign countries. he wants to increase the payment to most american citizens to $2,000 each. france re—opens its border to britain after a two—day closure leaves thousands of lorries stuck in south—east england. restrictions were imposed in response to a new strain of coronavirus. freight drivers and citizens will be allowed in but only if they have a negative virus test. and israel heads to its fourth election in two years. the governing coalition failed to pass a budget by midnight deadline. elections are due in march when the trial of the prime minister benjamin netanyahu on corruption charges is expected to have begun.

for thousands of years, the inuit people lived off the land. now those weather patterns have utterly and irreversibly shifted. vocalizing climate change came along and it changed everything. drumming and singing. due to the ice melting, we've seen all these changes. it's affecting us up here in the arctic circle. i am worried about the future. we have lagoon on one side, sound on the other. we don't have any room to give. we don't know what's going to happen. inupiaq have been here for thousands of years but now my children

really have no idea what's ahead of them and it's scary. kotzebue‘s population is about 3,000 people. it's a nice place, very isolated, no roads. the only way that we go to the village is either by one of the commuter planes. summertime, we go by boat.

wintertime, we go by snow machine. very few people over dog team. i originated to kotzebue about 35 years ago. raised four sons and two daughters, i have 14 grandchildren and two great grandchildren. my inupiaq name putyuk. we like to be called inupiaq, not eskimo. inupiaq means real people. eskimo, that's a non—native‘s definition of us. we as inupiaq people, we know our land, it's like our heartbeat. we know how to survive, how the moon controls the high waters and the low waters. we are oui’ own almanac. but then climate change came along and it changed everything. suddenly, we get a tropic warm—up, everything starts to melt.

but we dealt with this for last 10—15 years. we learned to keep the frustration at bay. do we know we are in danger today? we know it's there. we just have to learn how to deal with it. radio: you're listening to kotz 7:20am, i'm wesley early with this news update. summer temperatures were three degrees warmer on average this year, that's on top of a record spring that was 6 degrees warmer than the previous record. those high temperatures mean warmer waters in the kotzebue sound, and that can mean changes to winter's subsistence hunts. in the winter... i've always loved being outside with my dad and just hunting and trapping and fishing. once you're out there,

you kind of feel super insignificant, which maybe a lot of people wouldn't like to feel. you're kind of at the lands mercy, the weather's mercy and the animals' mercy then. my dad, he was blessed with three girls at first! and typically it is the guys who go out hunting. he had to kind of work with what he had. when i was younger, i didn't want to be, like, native, you know? i have some lighter skinned friends and i wanted to be lighter skinned, lighter skin toned. but now it's so celebrated. hunting and fishing and living a subsistence lifestyle, ifeel like it's a huge

part of my identity, that's who i am. 0k, are you ready to pull up your traps? see if there's any beavers in there. worried is an understatement when my family is out on the ice, anything can happen. we live in a place where nature rules. things can turn quickly. the weather can turn quickly, or the ice breaks up earlier than usual, or they can fall through the ice, and they have, you know, before. so it can be pretty nerve—racking for a mum at home waiting for her crew. it's kinda like christmas, you just never know what you're going to get...

anything in it? no. no, nothing in that one either, huh? no. well, we're going to have to put new bait on them... it's important to store food for the winter and to make sure you can get as much as you can of a certain meat or a berry, when it's in season. in the dead of winter, we only a few hours of daylight per day. over the past few years, we've seen all of these changes. there'll be a little less of an animal, maybe they won't come at all. caribou is one of our main food sources. this year, we didn't get any caribou. usually they come pretty close in the fall. we're able to just go up there by boat and shoot some caribou, and stock our freezers full. but we weren't able to do that this year.

due to the ice melting, there are a lot of new waterways opening up. this will be used for shipping vessels to make their routes easier. but the problem with this is that there's a lot of noise that the ships make and this can have a big effect on our animals, our marine wildlife. it's just if like we're trying to have a conversation and then there's construction happening outside. we're going to want to move to a different room to have our conversation. so that's what the animals are doing. a lot of them are relocating. in a few years, i'm afraid that we won't have this subsistence lifestyle, we won't have the connection to the land like we used to and my children in the future won't be able to feel this connection. so that's what i'm talking about in terms of climate change, just earlier

today when we left, it was all solid ice, all the way right across, and just in a couple of hours, a storm surge happens and it broke up all these pieces of ice and it's moving them back in. and what was once frozen this morning isjust, it's back open again, and that's the danger that we live in nowadays, you know, it can change just like that. 0k, we'll take the tarp off. if you can't predict the weather, you just can't predict your safety, really. 0k. remember, mom doesn't want you guys to get all seal—y. you know, we noticed all of these changes because we're part of it, we see it and it's almost like having thousands and thousands of scientists out here every day watching things and making observations. it's not an ‘if‘, it's, it's a fact, it's right before you. you can't deny it, you know?

it's important to use every part of the animal because it gave itself up to you to eat and for your family to eat, and for your community to eat. ok, you remember how to do this? yeah, so we're going to take the flippers off first. in our culture, we're very communal, we make sure that we give the first or a good portion of our catch especially to elders, who taught us, they taught us how to do all of this and we want to make sure they are eating well. singing

i talk to my daughters a lot, and i have 16 grandkids. when i'm around them, i try to share what i've learned, my life stories, and how we were brought up, and we have our, how we live as inupiaq people. if you want to live a good life, grasp some of that. anything domestic, i never really learned as a kid. i'm taking the count to learn it nowjust because here, you kind of need to know all of these skills to survive, and i want to be able to pass down those domestic skills to my kids. do you it from this way? or when you hold the fur. so make sure this fur is under. back in the day, they had that strive for perfection and those things, notjust to be perfect but because a lot of times

the stitching was important because they have to go out in 40 below. and make sure that everything was just right. well, a lot of times you have to be watertight. when i was growing up, the environment was very different. cold. it was extremely cold, and lots of snow in the wintertime. some of the snow would cover, go up as far as the roof over some homes. so it was very different. you know you'd be hard pressed to find anyone that lives in this area that doesn't believe in climate change, or global warming or anything, because we live it every day. we see the effects on the ice, from year to year. we see the difference in the migration of the animals. the ice underneath the tundra, the permafrost, it's supposed

to be frozen 365 days a year. we have to even have our houses on stilts because the heat from your house will melt the permafrost underneath. the temperature is rising in our area, and with the glaciers melting, water is more than it used to be, and the storms are different than they used to be. the erosion is happening and some of the villages are in danger of losing the entire village. kotzebue is projected to disappear at some point because of global warming, and the waters rising. we are right on the ocean, at sea level. there is a fear that at some point, our life is going to be moved, drastically

changed or nonexistent. my children really have no idea what's ahead of them, and it's scary. radio: you are listening to this kotz 7:20am with this news update. as climate change hits coastal communities in alaska, many tribes are being forced to consider moving from their ancestral lands... the house that we live in now, my family, is the house my parents built, my dad built this entire house. so it's the house that i grew up in. chickens! they kind of look at you with one eyeball. we're here, you know,

we are on the back side in our house. it's shallow here all the way over... it's like four feet deep out here. even when we go to camp, we have to go around the sand bar. it's only four feet. i am worried about the future because we are on a small spit. we have a lagoon on one side and the sound on the other. we don't have any room to give... if the water was to come up i don't know how many feet, it would come over the road. my house is close to the lagoon. it looks cool. show daddy first. let me see! it's not easy living here. but the sense of community and the closeness that we have with people in our community is how i feel i want my children to be raised.

this is my mum and me when i was a baby. she made everything that i'm wearing. the front sea wall was put up to preserve that front street. from the time that i was a kid until the time it got put up, it narrowed a lot. there were spaces where it was only a one—way street. i don't know much about permafrost, you know. i'm not a scientist, but i can tell you what i have seen with my eyes. when i was in high school, we would take trips down the coast with our four—wheelers, we could go all the way down. but now, even in the summer,

there were whole sides of the tundra falling, and you could see the melting. there was like a stream of melting permafrost, you know, going out to the ocean. so i know it's melting. i know it is. people make, like, knife handles and stuff. you don't leave anything, even the head, we'll take the whole head and use it. this is an old puppy pen. john took this and made a drying rack. now we have deboned moose. in the summer we do strips because it is a four—day process.

it is like extreme free range. 0ur food comes from out there, it's roaming all those thousands and thousands of untouched acres of tundra and mountains and, you know, no pollution. i believe that eskimos, inupiaq people need to eat the food that their ancestors ate. get out of the kitchen while i'm cooking! we don't have anything that connects us to a road system. so the only way to get groceries and every item that you can physically see, it got here by air. that inflates the cost of your item, because you're having to pay for the freight to get here. it's crazy how expensive things are. milk is like $11 a gallon. money makes the world go around, i guess. spicy? no. 0k. 0ur predictable winters where we could say by october or whatever, 15, it's

going to be frozen enough to where i can do this, it's not happening any more. it's different every year. it's like a weird sliding scale. we don't know what's going to happen. what if i don't get fish, what if i don't get something i was counting on getting? i wanted to go fishing today. i actually called my aunt and she said, "we're not going to camp, let's go fishing," and then she called me, maybe 7:00, last night and said, "i don't know if we can go fishing, it's supposed to be high water." we had one of the roads blocked because the water was going up on it at six this morning. when it's like this,

it means the water is high, it's all the way up here. you can see the water. i don't feel safe going out here because i can't see where the dark spots are because it snowed, it stormed over the ice and then we had that high water that came all the way up here, so i don't know if there is water in between the ice that was already established, and the snow that snowed on top of it. you could lose your feet to frostbite if you step through this right here, it's dangerous. you have to have multiple ways of deciding what you're going to do. you can'tjust go, "oh, it's cold, i'm going to go on the ice." was there high water, was it warm, did it freeze? you know, just like this. did it snow? you can't see, there could be dark spots. it's kind of dangerous.

i was born and raised here in the middle of winter. i can't imagine not knowing what snow and ice is. mother nature is our mother. she cares for us, she supplies for us. why is there climate change? caused by human people, the very people that mother is nurturing. humans are abusive. man can be the culprit behind greed to ruin the first peoples, people that know and thrive with the heartbeat

of mother earth. why? why can't they ask us? it's a hard pill to swallow. we don't just want to survive, we want to thrive on this land. i can't imagine having to relocate your whole home just because the water is coming up over it. it's devastating as a community. my ancestors have been living

off this land for a long time. they passed down their knowledge about the land. the inupiaq are connected as a community, so i think if we really stick together, we'll be able to adapt to the changes. i think the rest of the world needs to learn from indigenous people because they learn throughout their lifespan to know how to survive. people have hearts. doesn't matter if you are a billionaire or if you live in a pitiful home, the magic is we are connected to the land. so there is time to rejuvenate hearts. this new generation, they can change their energy to fix mother earth.

hello there. it's going to settle down as we move into the christmas period with high pressure dominating. we should see quite a bit of sunshine but also some frost. but before we reach that point, we've got quite a bit of rain in the forecast for wednesday, particularly across the southern half of the country, all tied in with this area of low pressure. this is the high pressure that's going to win out for the christmas period, but we have to contend with this first. it's going to bring a lot of cloud across much of england and wales through the day, today. some of it will be heavy in its own, particularly from wales through the midlands across into east anglia, there's a chance of flooding in places as the ground is saturated from all the recent rain here. probably raining everywhere, there will be some drier, brighter spells around, very mild in the south, but it's scotland and northern ireland that will see the best

and the brightest, but it will be cold with some wintry showers over the north. now, as that area of low pressure pulls away, we'll start to see, er, northerly gales develop across parts of wales, western england, around the channel for a time, and then we'll see further showers across the northern half of the country. these will be wintry over the high ground. but much colder air starting to sink southwards as we move through wednesday night. you can see a widespread frost across central and northern areas. so, this area of high pressure eventually topples in from the west for christmas eve. quite a few isobars, though, on the chart across the eastern half of the country. so it will be windy here, and that's going to drag in a few showers for christmas eve here. it may leave rain here to lower levels, we could see some wintriness over the higher ground. there'll be one or two dotted around western coasts, but for most it's a cold start but a brighter day — plenty of sunshine across england and wales. a bit of cloud across the far north of scotland. and those temperatures 4—7 degrees, out on the wind across the east it's going to feel pretty raw. and then for christmas day itself, we continue with our area of high pressure.

we start to see this weather front, though, arriving later on in the day. but we start christmas morning off on a cold note, under clear skies, we ll see a widespread frost to greet us for christmas morning. and there will be plenty of sparkling sunshine as well, especially for england and wales as we start to see more cloud across the north and west as that weather front i showed you begins to bring some wetter and windier weather, certainly to western scotland. another cold day for christmas day, 4—7 degrees. as we head on into boxing day, it turns much more unsettled, very windy, widespread gales, outbreaks of rain, that also lasting into sunday, with sunshine and showers.

a very warm welcome to bbc news. my name is mike embley. up top stories: —— our top stories: president trump threatens not to sign a $900 billion coronavirus relief package agreed to by congress after months of wrangling. the bill they are now planning to send back to my desk is much different than anticipated. it really is a disgrace. france re—opens its border to britain after a two—day closure leaves thousands of lorries stuck in south—east england. israel heads for its fourth election in two years. parliament failed to meet a deadline to pass a budget. singing and how to sing safely this holiday season, with a little bit of help from scientists.