about the future of the union. on dateline�*s panel this week: janet daley, whose columns appear weekly in the sunday telegraph. jeffrey kofman is a former tv anchor and foreign correspondent in canada and the united states. and with me in the studio is vincent knee, a china specialist with bbc world news. warm welcome to all of you. the european commission has been piling pressure on the vaccine manufacturer astrazeneca all week, angry that the millions of doses it agreed to supply to the eu before the end of march may be cut by up to 60% because of manufacturing problems. yet it's decision friday to invoke part of the brexit deal, an emergency power to potentially introduce checks on the border between northern ireland — part of the uk — and the republic of ireland was incendiary. before the night was over, brussels

executed a humiliating u—turn. it highlights, though, something we talked about on this programme last weekend, the risk of vaccine nationalism, particularly at a time when both astrazeneca and pfizer have warned of production delays. jeffrey, was this about securing more vaccines, do you think, or was it more about trying to pacify eu governments after the commission failed to meet its objectives? trier? failed to meet its ob'ectives? very clearl the failed to meet its ob'ectives? very clearly the eu _ failed to meet its objectives? very clearly the eu governments are feeling — clearly the eu governments are feeling the pressure, looking across the channel here at the uk and seeing — the channel here at the uk and seeing the astonishing numbers not been vaccinated. probably the only thing _ been vaccinated. probably the only thing the _ been vaccinated. probably the only thing the uk government is unwell. to its_ thing the uk government is unwell. to its credit, is done very well. —— uk government has done well. we are seeing _ uk government has done well. we are seeing these reports from spain, france, _ seeing these reports from spain, france, elsewhere that they are running — france, elsewhere that they are running out of vaccines. you can understand _ running out of vaccines. you can understand the pressure they are faiiing _ understand the pressure they are faiiing to — understand the pressure they are failing to stop on one hand this does _ failing to stop on one hand this does expose the fundamental problem with the _ does expose the fundamental problem with the eu that partly inspired brexit. — with the eu that partly inspired brexit, and to be clear, not a fan of brexit. — brexit, and to be clear, not a fan of brexit, but i have to say that

the eu's— of brexit, but i have to say that the eu's bureaucracy, is inability to move — the eu's bureaucracy, is inability to move with agility a year ago in this first — to move with agility a year ago in this first surfaced really is exposed in problem. it is trying to point _ exposed in problem. it is trying to point fingers across the channel and see the _ point fingers across the channel and see the uk— point fingers across the channel and see the uk responded quickly, it is not fair, _ see the uk responded quickly, it is not fair, give us some of your vaccines _ not fair, give us some of your vaccines. this is very much an internal— vaccines. this is very much an internal response to say, we are not going _ internal response to say, we are not going to _ internal response to say, we are not going to take it lying down, but how humiliating this is for the eu leadership. humiliating this is for the eu leadership-— humiliating this is for the eu leadershi -. g ., ,., leadership. janet, the government here has been _ leadership. janet, the government here has been under— leadership. janet, the government here has been under some - leadership. janet, the government i here has been under some pressure, feeling the heat over the backs in question with the bma saying it is not happy with this recommendation that people have to wait for the second dose of the pfizer vaccine —— feeling the heat over the vaccine. all governments are facing trouble, their pre—pot doses, but they can't promise they can deliver the vaccination programme they hope to achieve —— they have pre—pot doses. that is not the lesson of the day...

this has been the most extraordinary tutorial the eu has given us in the value of the democratic nation state with an elected government directly accountable to its own population. it has turned out to be the most effective, flexible, proactive and responsive form of government in the world... and the tutorial that the eu has given us in the dangers of supranational... they send us quite explicitly, the etiological commitment to unified action of all 27 member states and to the internal removal bureaucratic processes it took to get what turned out to be quite a simple and effective action the uk took on ordering vaccine and subsidising the production of it. that is a lesson most people in europe and certainly in this country

will not forget.— will not forget. what about the practicalities _ will not forget. what about the practicalities of _ will not forget. what about the practicalities of distribution - will not forget. what about the practicalities of distribution ofl practicalities of distribution of vaccine? the thing that some of those have already received their first dose of sight is that they worry about whether they are going to get their second dose, they worry about whether they can be confident about whether they can be confident about the protection they have. that requires quite a lot of adept communication, doesn't it, from government and its medical experts? to try and ensure people feel reassured beyond just getting the injection itself. reassured beyond 'ust getting the injection itself.— reassured beyond 'ust getting the injection itself. in'ection itself. sure, it does, and it injection itself. sure, it does, and it is not helped _ injection itself. sure, it does, and it is not helped when _ injection itself. sure, it does, and it is not helped when president i it is not helped when president macron cast out on the effectiveness of the backs in the eu is complaining the kind enough. the contradictions, and the stomping around in europe, has really helped undermine the vaccination argument. if anything it is bolstering the anti—vaccination, which seems to be quite wicked and morally

irresponsible. yes, of course will require reassurance, and of course this is a free country, you get conflicting opinions, but on the whole, i have to say from my personal experience, from the experience of everyone i have spoken to, the vaccine roll—out is a medical in this country. it is phenomenally effective. the way... it is almost startling the way the website, in which a book appointments, is working. this is a real success story for the uk and for the idea of national governments which respond to the needs of their own populations instantly. i’m which respond to the needs of their own populations instantly. i'm going to mention another _ own populations instantly. i'm going to mention another supranational. to mention another supranational organisation, the world health organization. warning earlier this month 95% vaccines, mid—january, this will change a little, 95% vaccines were going to just ten countries in the world. people in those ten countries. again this weekend, who saying there has to be a move away from vaccine

nationalism. when push comes to shove,is nationalism. when push comes to shove, is inevitable, isn't it, that countries want to protect their own citizens purse? gray yeah, this is a real moral dilemma we are facing. may i remind you that in many of the devolved _ may i remind you that in many of the devolved world, _ may i remind you that in many of the devolved world, they— may i remind you that in many of the devolved world, they don't _ may i remind you that in many of the devolved world, they don't have - may i remind you that in many of the devolved world, they don't have the i devolved world, they don't have the luxury— devolved world, they don't have the luxury to _ devolved world, they don't have the luxury to have — devolved world, they don't have the luxury to have that _ devolved world, they don't have the luxury to have that vocabulary- devolved world, they don't have the luxury to have that vocabulary in - luxury to have that vocabulary in the dictionary, _ luxury to have that vocabulary in the dictionary, because - luxury to have that vocabulary in the dictionary, because they're i the dictionary, because they're simply— the dictionary, because they're simply not _ the dictionary, because they're simply not enough _ the dictionary, because they're simply not enough vaccines - the dictionary, because they're simply not enough vaccines toi the dictionary, because they're - simply not enough vaccines to start with _ simply not enough vaccines to start with according _ simply not enough vaccines to start with. according to _ simply not enough vaccines to start with. according to some _ simply not enough vaccines to start with. according to some research, i with. according to some research, over— with. according to some research, over 90% — with. according to some research, over 90% of — with. according to some research, over 90% of the _ with. according to some research, over 90% of the in _ with. according to some research, over 90% of the in some - with. according to some research, over 90% of the in some 67 - over 90% of the in some 67 developing _ over 90% of the in some 67 developing countries- over 90% of the in some 67 developing countries would| over 90% of the in some 67 . developing countries would not over 90% of the in some 67 - developing countries would not get a chance _ developing countries would not get a chance to _ developing countries would not get a chance to be — developing countries would not get a chance to be backed _ developing countries would not get a chance to be backed later— developing countries would not get a chance to be backed later by - developing countries would not get a chance to be backed later by the - developing countries would not get a chance to be backed later by the endj chance to be backed later by the end of 2021, _ chance to be backed later by the end of 2021, and — chance to be backed later by the end of 2021, and the _ chance to be backed later by the end of 2021, and the danger— chance to be backed later by the end of 2021, and the danger of— chance to be backed later by the end of 2021, and the danger of the - of 2021, and the danger of the spiders — of 2021, and the danger of the spiders is, _ of 2021, and the danger of the spiders is, we _ of 2021, and the danger of the spiders is, we know— of 2021, and the danger of the spiders is, we know it - of 2021, and the danger of the i spiders is, we know it mutates, of 2021, and the danger of the - spiders is, we know it mutates, and in some _ spiders is, we know it mutates, and in some cases — spiders is, we know it mutates, and in some cases mutations— spiders is, we know it mutates, and in some cases mutations might - in some cases mutations might threaten — in some cases mutations might threaten the _ in some cases mutations might threaten the efficacy— in some cases mutations might threaten the efficacy of- in some cases mutations might threaten the efficacy of the - in some cases mutations might - threaten the efficacy of the vaccine -- the _ threaten the efficacy of the vaccine -- the danger— threaten the efficacy of the vaccine -- the danger of— threaten the efficacy of the vaccine —— the danger of the _ threaten the efficacy of the vaccine —— the danger of the virus. - threaten the efficacy of the vaccine —— the danger of the virus. the - —— the danger of the virus. the longer— —— the danger of the virus. the longer we _ —— the danger of the virus. the longer we leave _ —— the danger of the virus. the longer we leave the _ —— the danger of the virus. the longer we leave the spiders- —— the danger of the virus. the - longer we leave the spiders around, the more _ longer we leave the spiders around, the more dangerous— longer we leave the spiders around, the more dangerous it _ longer we leave the spiders around, the more dangerous it could - longer we leave the spiders around, the more dangerous it could be. - the more dangerous it could be. geoffrey, — the more dangerous it could be. geoffrey, that _ the more dangerous it could be. geoffrey, that raises _ the more dangerous it could be. geoffrey, that raises the - the more dangerous it could be. . geoffrey, that raises the question, if the eu commission is talking about having at least requiring

exports to be notified to it by manufacturers, we are kinda moving towards that situation, aren't we? where other countries will worry more about supplies. this is a time when countries like the uk and eu countries, saying of course we will make sure the vaccines go to the prudish countries and the people most in need.— prudish countries and the people most in need. lesson, i think that what this tells _ most in need. lesson, i think that what this tells us _ most in need. lesson, i think that what this tells us is _ most in need. lesson, i think that what this tells us is that _ most in need. lesson, i think that what this tells us is that even - most in need. lesson, i think that what this tells us is that even if i what this tells us is that even if all of— what this tells us is that even if all of the — what this tells us is that even if all of the uk gets vaccinated by september, as may well happen, the world _ september, as may well happen, the worid is— september, as may well happen, the world is not— september, as may well happen, the world is not going to open up. there may be _ world is not going to open up. there may be limited or phased reopening in the _ may be limited or phased reopening in the uk, _ may be limited or phased reopening in the uk, but the idea that air flights— in the uk, but the idea that air fiights can _ in the uk, but the idea that air flights can resume, that we can start— flights can resume, that we can start travelling to see family or take _ start travelling to see family or take vacations in far—flung places, it isjust _ take vacations in far—flung places, it isjust not — take vacations in far—flung places, it isjust not going to happen in 202i _ it isjust not going to happen in 202i we — it isjust not going to happen in 2021. we need to manage our expectations here. i think that we ignore _ expectations here. i think that we ignore the — expectations here. i think that we ignore the developing world at our perii, _ ignore the developing world at our perii, as _ ignore the developing world at our peril, as vincent said. the idea that— peril, as vincent said. the idea that there _ peril, as vincent said. the idea that there is going to be the first world, _ that there is going to be the first world, or— that there is going to be the first world, orthe that there is going to be the first world, or the west will be vaccinated and selected parts of

asia and — vaccinated and selected parts of asia and the rest of africa and latin— asia and the rest of africa and latin america etc willjust have to wait is _ latin america etc willjust have to wait is going to cause notjust a disparity. — wait is going to cause notjust a disparity, but a huge threat from the trow— disparity, but a huge threat from the bow itself, and economic threat as weii~ _ the bow itself, and economic threat as weii~ -- — the bow itself, and economic threat as weii~ -- a — the bow itself, and economic threat as well. —— a huge threat from the virus _ as well. —— a huge threat from the virus itseif — as well. —— a huge threat from the virus itself. pushing places that are already very pure into further poverty — are already very pure into further poverty. there is a need to have a more _ poverty. there is a need to have a more coherent global strategy here. it's more coherent global strategy here. it's worth— more coherent global strategy here. it's worth noting that norway has committed to sending some of its vaccines— committed to sending some of its vaccines to — committed to sending some of its vaccines to the developing world. we are not— vaccines to the developing world. we are not hearing that from boris johnson, — are not hearing that from boris johnson, we are not hearing that from _ johnson, we are not hearing that from the — johnson, we are not hearing that from the eu or from north america at the stage _ from the eu or from north america at the stage. we really do have to shift _ the stage. we really do have to shift the — the stage. we really do have to shift the discussion here to a more giobaiised — shift the discussion here to a more globalised solution, rather than a vulcanised regional solution that says we — vulcanised regional solution that says we are all fine, the rest of your— says we are all fine, the rest of your sink— says we are all fine, the rest of your sink or— says we are all fine, the rest of your sink or swim. it's party time in beijing — communist party time. china's leadership will throughout 2021 be marking the centenary

of the organisation which took power in 1949 and has been there ever since. but the mood this weekend isn't celebratory. china's foreign ministry has attacked a british scheme, applying from first thing monday morning which would allow thousands of hong kongers to escape the new security law and settle in the uk. and it issued a blunt warning to taiwan, which it says is part of china — "independence means war". what explains the belligerent tone? the issues are slightly separate, hong _ the issues are slightly separate, hong kong's _ the issues are slightly separate, hong kong's want _ the issues are slightly separate, hong kong's want to _ the issues are slightly separate, hong kong's want to be - the issues are slightly separate, hong kong's want to be difficultl hong kong's want to be difficult taiking — hong kong's want to be difficult talking point— hong kong's want to be difficult talking point between— hong kong's want to be difficult talking point between china - hong kong's want to be difficultj talking point between china and hong kong's want to be difficult - talking point between china and the uk in _ talking point between china and the uk in years— talking point between china and the uk in years to — talking point between china and the uk in years to come. _ talking point between china and the uk in years to come. it— talking point between china and the uk in years to come. it may- talking point between china and the uk in years to come. it may poisonl uk in years to come. it may poison the relationship _ uk in years to come. it may poison the relationship as _ uk in years to come. it may poison the relationship as well. _ uk in years to come. it may poison the relationship as well. the - uk in years to come. it may poison the relationship as well. the issuel the relationship as well. the issue of taiwan, — the relationship as well. the issue of taiwan, this _ the relationship as well. the issue of taiwan, this is _ the relationship as well. the issue of taiwan, this is standard - the relationship as well. the issue of taiwan, this is standard for- of taiwan, this is standard for china — of taiwan, this is standard for china because _ of taiwan, this is standard for china because china - of taiwan, this is standard for china because china has- of taiwan, this is standard for. china because china has always regarded — china because china has always regarded taiwan _ china because china has always regarded taiwan as _ china because china has always regarded taiwan as its - china because china has always l regarded taiwan as its breakaway

province. — regarded taiwan as its breakaway province. and _ regarded taiwan as its breakaway province, and result— regarded taiwan as its breakaway province, and result has- regarded taiwan as its breakaway province, and result has been. regarded taiwan as its breakaway. province, and result has been shown to take _ province, and result has been shown to take taiwan — province, and result has been shown to take taiwan back _ province, and result has been shown to take taiwan back before _ province, and result has been shown to take taiwan back before too - province, and result has been shown to take taiwan back before too long, aithough _ to take taiwan back before too long, although we — to take taiwan back before too long, although we don't _ to take taiwan back before too long, although we don't know _ to take taiwan back before too long, although we don't know yet... - to take taiwan back before too long, although we don't know yet... in - although we don't know yet... in terms _ although we don't know yet... in terms of— although we don't know yet... in terms of taiwan, _ although we don't know yet... in terms of taiwan, it _ although we don't know yet... in terms of taiwan, it is _ although we don't know yet... in terms of taiwan, it is more - although we don't know yet... in terms of taiwan, it is more of. although we don't know yet... in terms of taiwan, it is more of al terms of taiwan, it is more of a signal— terms of taiwan, it is more of a signal to— terms of taiwan, it is more of a signal to the _ terms of taiwan, it is more of a signal to the joe _ terms of taiwan, it is more of a signal to the joe biden - signal to the joe biden administration. - signal to the joe biden administration. the i signal to the joe bidenl administration. the bill signal to the joe biden i administration. the bill is signal to the joe biden - administration. the bill is really injoe _ administration. the bill is really injoe bidens— administration. the bill is really injoe biden's court, _ administration. the bill is really injoe biden's court, what- administration. the bill is really injoe biden's court, what is- administration. the bill is really. injoe biden's court, what is going to do— injoe biden's court, what is going to do about — injoe biden's court, what is going to do about taiwan _ injoe biden's court, what is going to do about taiwan —— _ injoe biden's court, what is going to do about taiwan —— the - injoe biden's court, what is going to do about taiwan —— the ball. i injoe biden's court, what is goingl to do about taiwan —— the ball. the way we _ to do about taiwan —— the ball. the way we phrase _ to do about taiwan —— the ball. the way we phrase this _ to do about taiwan —— the ball. the way we phrase this taiwan - to do about taiwan —— the ball. the way we phrase this taiwan issue, . way we phrase this taiwan issue, guestion. — way we phrase this taiwan issue, question. it— way we phrase this taiwan issue, question. it is— way we phrase this taiwan issue, question, it is in _ way we phrase this taiwan issue, question, it is in fact— way we phrase this taiwan issue, question, it is in fact the - way we phrase this taiwan issue, question, it is in fact the largestl question, it is in fact the largest and biggest _ question, it is in fact the largest and biggest flashpoint _ question, it is in fact the largest and biggest flashpoint in - question, it is in fact the largest and biggest flashpoint in the - and biggest flashpoint in the region. _ and biggest flashpoint in the region. but— and biggest flashpoint in the region, but it _ and biggest flashpoint in the region, but it could - and biggest flashpoint in the region, but it could also- and biggest flashpoint in the region, but it could also be i region, but it could also be regarded _ region, but it could also be regarded as _ region, but it could also be regarded as the _ region, but it could also be regarded as the most - region, but it could also be - regarded as the most successful exampie — regarded as the most successful exampie of— regarded as the most successful example of peace _ regarded as the most successful example of peace in _ regarded as the most successful example of peace in the - regarded as the most successful example of peace in the region. example of peace in the region between _ example of peace in the region between in— example of peace in the region between... in the _ example of peace in the region between... in the last - example of peace in the region between... in the last few - example of peace in the region- between... in the last few decades, since _ between... in the last few decades, since the _ between... in the last few decades, since the establishment _ between... in the last few decades, since the establishment of - between... in the last few decades, since the establishment of relations between _ since the establishment of relations between the — since the establishment of relations between the us— since the establishment of relations between the us and _ since the establishment of relations between the us and china. - since the establishment of relations between the us and china. so - since the establishment of relations between the us and china. so the l since the establishment of relations i between the us and china. so the joe biden— between the us and china. so the joe biden a _ between the us and china. so the joe biden a ministration _ between the us and china. so the joe biden a ministration will _ between the us and china. so the joe biden a ministration will try— between the us and china. so the joe biden a ministration will try to - between the us and china. so the joe biden a ministration will try to go - biden a ministration will try to go to taipei — biden a ministration will try to go to taipei and _ biden a ministration will try to go to taipei and beijing _ biden a ministration will try to go to taipei and beijing to— biden a ministration will try to go to taipei and beijing to persuadel to taipei and beijing to persuade both sides — to taipei and beijing to persuade both sides to _ to taipei and beijing to persuade both sides to not _ to taipei and beijing to persuade both sides to not unilaterally - both sides to not unilaterally change — both sides to not unilaterally change the _ both sides to not unilaterally change the status _ both sides to not unilaterally change the status quo. - both sides to not unilaterally change the status quo. the i both sides to not unilaterally - change the status quo. the ambiguity of the _ change the status quo. the ambiguity of the status— change the status quo. the ambiguity of the status guo _ change the status quo. the ambiguity of the status quo benefits _ change the status quo. the ambiguity of the status quo benefits the - of the status quo benefits the region. — of the status quo benefits the region, benefits _ of the status quo benefits the region, benefits the - of the status quo benefits the region, benefits the piece - of the status quo benefits the region, benefits the piece in. of the status quo benefits the i region, benefits the piece in the region — region, benefits the piece in the region we _ region, benefits the piece in the region. we have _ region, benefits the piece in the region. we have seen— region, benefits the piece in the region. we have seen a - region, benefits the piece in the region. we have seen a lot - region, benefits the piece in the region. we have seen a lot of.

region. we have seen a lot of changes— region. we have seen a lot of changes in— region. we have seen a lot of changes in both _ region. we have seen a lot of changes in both taipei - region. we have seen a lot of changes in both taipei and i region. we have seen a lot of- changes in both taipei and beijing, and of— changes in both taipei and beijing, and of course. _ changes in both taipei and beijing, and of course, domestically - changes in both taipei and beijing, and of course, domestically in - and of course, domestically in washington _ and of course, domestically in washington we _ and of course, domestically in washington we have - and of course, domestically in washington we have also - and of course, domestically in| washington we have also seen and of course, domestically in - washington we have also seen quite a lot of changes — washington we have also seen quite a lot of changes in — washington we have also seen quite a lot of changes in policy. _ washington we have also seen quite a lot of changes in policy. we _ washington we have also seen quite a lot of changes in policy. we will- lot of changes in policy. we will have _ lot of changes in policy. we will have to — lot of changes in policy. we will have to see _ lot of changes in policy. we will have to see what _ lot of changes in policy. we will have to see what the _ lot of changes in policy. we will have to see what the joe - lot of changes in policy. we will have to see what the joe bidenl have to see what the joe biden imagination— have to see what the joe biden imagination comes _ have to see what the joe biden imagination comes up - have to see what the joe biden imagination comes up with, . have to see what the joe bidenl imagination comes up with, but have to see what the joe biden - imagination comes up with, but also the centenary— imagination comes up with, but also the centenary of— imagination comes up with, but also the centenary of the _ imagination comes up with, but also the centenary of the communist - imagination comes up with, but also. the centenary of the communist party will matter— the centenary of the communist party will matter to — the centenary of the communist party will matter to bolster _ the centenary of the communist party will matter to bolster domestic- will matter to bolster domestic confidence _ will matter to bolster domestic confidence that— will matter to bolster domestic confidence that the _ will matter to bolster domesticj confidence that the communist will matter to bolster domestic- confidence that the communist rule in china _ confidence that the communist rule in china is— confidence that the communist rule in china is superior— confidence that the communist rule in china is superior in— confidence that the communist rule in china is superior in a _ confidence that the communist rule in china is superior in a time - confidence that the communist rule in china is superior in a time of- in china is superior in a time of crisis _ in china is superior in a time of crisis than _ in china is superior in a time of crisis than the _ in china is superior in a time of crisis than the system - in china is superior in a time of crisis than the system in - in china is superior in a time of crisis than the system in the i in china is superior in a time of- crisis than the system in the west. it is interesting, _ crisis than the system in the west. it is interesting, janet, _ crisis than the system in the west. it is interesting, janet, that- crisis than the system in the west. it is interesting, janet, that the i it is interesting, janet, that the joe biden team pointedly invited the fact ambassador to washington who represents taiwan to the inauguration, which seemed a bit of a signal to beijing. what sort of approach to thankjoe biden will adopt? is approach to thankjoe biden will ado t? . . , approach to thankjoe biden will adot? . . , , ., adopt? is a very good question. the thin is, adopt? is a very good question. the thing is. this— adopt? is a very good question. the thing is, this new _ adopt? is a very good question. the thing is, this new cold _ adopt? is a very good question. the thing is, this new cold war, - adopt? is a very good question. the thing is, this new cold war, is - thing is, this new cold war, is aware with china, has really taken

the west by surprise. it is not at all like the old cold war with the soviet union, which was straightforwardly communist and was in an ideological war with west. china is tyrannical capitalism, if you like. state capitalism. it is engaging in global markets, it wants to dominate global markets. but that gives it a very different kind of weakness, any sense. in a perverse sort of way. because if you're selling things to people, in an open market and you have a real currency, not an economy that is a kind of fiction, you can't bankrupt your clients, you can't bankrupt your customers. it is not in china's interest for western economies to collapse, because they want to sell us things. what they want to do is dominate the global markets, they want to become the dominant economic power in the world to replace the united states in that position, but they also have to be very careful, because they are playing the capitalist game. and even though they are supposedly private

companies are answerable to the communist tyranny, to the totalitarian government, they are still engaged in the rules of market economy at a global level, so this is a very hard situation to call, it is a very hard situation to call, it is quite unprecedented, it is not at all at the competition the west was having with the soviet union, which really supposedly anyway wanted to undermine capitalism as an economic philosophy. undermine capitalism as an economic --hilosoh . .,, undermine capitalism as an economic --hilosoh . , undermine capitalism as an economic --hilosoh. , , philosophy. there was this optimism certainl in philosophy. there was this optimism certainly in the _ philosophy. there was this optimism certainly in the early _ philosophy. there was this optimism certainly in the early 90s _ philosophy. there was this optimism certainly in the early 90s that - certainly in the early 90s that lasted quite a long time, that though the who and, and when hong kong joined the wto, there is a big celebration all round although there were put this on the street, the idea that you bring them in on economic grounds the political cultural change. that is valid now? yes, and what we have seen now, china _ yes, and what we have seen now, china is— yes, and what we have seen now,

china is really surprising us with the aggressive nature of its foreign policy— the aggressive nature of its foreign policy in _ the aggressive nature of its foreign policy in this area. the challenge for china. — policy in this area. the challenge for china, to go back to what vincent— for china, to go back to what vincent said, while hong kong and taiwan— vincent said, while hong kong and taiwan are — vincent said, while hong kong and taiwan are very different, one of the problems china has in saying that taiwan is a province of china, taiwan— that taiwan is a province of china, taiwan of— that taiwan is a province of china, taiwan of course because of an independent country, although it is not recognised like that by most countries — not recognised like that by most countries around the world, one of the problem is that china has is that having this one country two systems — that having this one country two systems stay in hong kong was the bil systems stay in hong kong was the big selling point of hand over two decades— big selling point of hand over two decades ago. yet, we have seen in recent— decades ago. yet, we have seen in recent years. — decades ago. yet, we have seen in recent years, china whittling away that pretty significantly. therefore its credibility in saying we can do the same — its credibility in saying we can do the same in taiwan, we can have one country. _ the same in taiwan, we can have one country. two — the same in taiwan, we can have one country, two systems, look what we've _ country, two systems, look what we've done — country, two systems, look what we've done on hong kong, it doesn't really— we've done on hong kong, it doesn't really wash— we've done on hong kong, it doesn't really wash globally. so china can sabre _ really wash globally. so china can sabre rattle all at once, but the peopie — sabre rattle all at once, but the people taiwan will look at hong kong

and say. _ people taiwan will look at hong kong and say, write, trust your? is not working _ and say, write, trust your? is not working so— and say, write, trust your? is not working so well there.— working so well there. janet, the ra s working so well there. janet, the rays interesting _ working so well there. janet, the rays interesting question - working so well there. janet, the rays interesting question that. rays interesting question that historically something similar happened in china, when the communist party to power, try to reassure businesses that everything we carry on, but things change quickly. is there a danger of this happening in hong kong, which has in many ways been a hugely successful showcase retainer?— showcase retainer? yeah, that's a difficult for _ showcase retainer? yeah, that's a difficult for china. _ showcase retainer? yeah, that's a difficult for china. hong _ showcase retainer? yeah, that's a difficult for china. hong kong - showcase retainer? yeah, that's a difficult for china. hong kong is i difficult for china. hong kong is this phenomenally successful marketplace. a great earner for china. they don't want to kill the golden goose. what they will decide to do, they are trying a very comfortable fit in hong kong, which is to undermine democratic freedoms, but maintain the capitalist success. i don't see how that is going to play out, and i don't actually think the chinese know how it is going to play out. they are obviously trying to terrorise the population into

giving up their civil liberty, but the people are adamant they will maintain their liberties and democratic rights. it looks insoluble from this distance, but i can't see how this is ever going to find a solution that the world and china can find satisfactory. wright vincent, on the neighbourhood, as it were... ~ . . vincent, on the neighbourhood, as it were... . ., ,. ., , vincent, on the neighbourhood, as it were... ., ,. ., , ., ,�* were... what is curious, it doesn't matter what _ were... what is curious, it doesn't matter what the _ were... what is curious, it doesn't matter what the west _ were... what is curious, it doesn't matter what the west things, - were... what is curious, it doesn't matter what the west things, but. matter what the west things, but japan, india, south korea, taiwan we have mentioned, all of these countries, south korea, it seems to have kind of got into arguments with, seems to be throwing its weight around in the region, and i wonder what the strategy is, do you think, for and doing that? i wonder what the strategy is, do you think, for and doing that?— think, for and doing that? i think taiwan and _ think, for and doing that? i think taiwan and hong _ think, for and doing that? i think taiwan and hong kong _ think, for and doing that? i think taiwan and hong kong as - think, for and doing that? i think taiwan and hong kong as a - think, for and doing that? i think taiwan and hong kong as a way. think, for and doing that? i think l taiwan and hong kong as a way for beijing _ taiwan and hong kong as a way for beijing to _ taiwan and hong kong as a way for beijing to make— taiwan and hong kong as a way for beijing to make a— taiwan and hong kong as a way for beijing to make a point— taiwan and hong kong as a way for beijing to make a point that - taiwan and hong kong as a way for beijing to make a point that it- taiwan and hong kong as a way for beijing to make a point that it is. beijing to make a point that it is in charge — beijing to make a point that it is in charge the _ beijing to make a point that it is in charge. the result— beijing to make a point that it is in charge. the result of- beijing to make a point that it isj in charge. the result of criticism

over— in charge. the result of criticism over china's _ in charge. the result of criticism over china's behaviour, - in charge. the result of criticism over china's behaviour, south. in charge. the result of criticism - over china's behaviour, south china, hong _ over china's behaviour, south china, hong kong. — over china's behaviour, south china, hong kong. part— over china's behaviour, south china, hong kong. part of— over china's behaviour, south china, hong kong, part of china, _ over china's behaviour, south china, hong kong, part of china, beijing. hong kong, part of china, beijing feeis _ hong kong, part of china, beijing feels it— hong kong, part of china, beijing feels it has— hong kong, part of china, beijing feels it has the _ hong kong, part of china, beijing feels it has the legitimate - hong kong, part of china, beijing feels it has the legitimate right. hong kong, part of china, beijing| feels it has the legitimate right to do something _ feels it has the legitimate right to do something about _ feels it has the legitimate right to do something about its _ feels it has the legitimate right to do something about its own - do something about its own territory~ _ do something about its own territory. there _ do something about its own territory. there is _ do something about its own territory. there is a - do something about its own territory. there is a lot- do something about its own territory. there is a lot of. territory. there is a lot of criticism _ territory. there is a lot of criticism over— territory. there is a lot of criticism over china's - territory. there is a lot of- criticism over china's behaviour, but more — criticism over china's behaviour, but more difficult _ criticism over china's behaviour, but more difficult question- criticism over china's behaviour, but more difficult question for. but more difficult question for western— but more difficult question for western commentators - but more difficult question for western commentators as, i but more difficult question for| western commentators as, for but more difficult question for- western commentators as, for the country— western commentators as, for the country of— western commentators as, for the country of china's _ western commentators as, for the country of china's sy's, _ western commentators as, for the country of china's sy's, billion - country of china's sy's, billion peopiem _ country of china's sy's, billion people... is— country of china's sy's, billion people... is economic- country of china's sy's, billion people... is economic power. country of china's sy's, billion i people... is economic power and weight— people... is economic power and weight -- — people... is economic power and weight —— china's _ people... is economic power and weight —— china's size. _ people... is economic power and weight —— china's size. we - people... is economic power and weight —— china's size. we havel people... is economic power and - weight —— china's size. we have seen a lot of— weight —— china's size. we have seen a lot of criticism, _ weight —— china's size. we have seen a lot of criticism, but _ weight —— china's size. we have seen a lot of criticism, but not— weight —— china's size. we have seen a lot of criticism, but not a _ weight —— china's size. we have seen a lot of criticism, but not a lot - weight —— china's size. we have seen a lot of criticism, but not a lot of - a lot of criticism, but not a lot of constructive _ a lot of criticism, but not a lot of constructive suggestions, - a lot of criticism, but not a lot of constructive suggestions, what. a lot of criticism, but not a lot of. constructive suggestions, what type of relations — constructive suggestions, what type of relations we _ constructive suggestions, what type of relations we want _ constructive suggestions, what type of relations we want with _ constructive suggestions, what type of relations we want with china - constructive suggestions, what type of relations we want with china in i of relations we want with china in the years— of relations we want with china in the years to — of relations we want with china in the years to come. _ of relations we want with china in the years to come. i— of relations we want with china in the years to come. i think- of relations we want with china in the years to come. i think that i of relations we want with china in the years to come. i think that is| the years to come. i think that is going _ the years to come. i think that is going to — the years to come. i think that is going to be — the years to come. i think that is going to be more _ the years to come. i think that is going to be more difficult - the years to come. i think that is. going to be more difficult question for the _ going to be more difficult question for the decades— going to be more difficult question for the decades to _ going to be more difficult question for the decades to come, - going to be more difficult questionj for the decades to come, perhaps. going to be more difficult question. for the decades to come, perhaps. pi. for the decades to come, perhaps. lot of scratching of heads well beyond this celebratory year for the chinese communist party. the vaccination programme was borisjohnson's justification for visiting scotland this week. why did the prime minister need one? because the pandemic restrictions

imposed by scotland's government — to which powers have been devolved for more than 20 years — ban all but essentialjournies. this, declared the first minister nicola sturgeon, a champion of scotland separating from the uk, was not "essential". janet, as i say, in truth, in the uk system, the payments you can go anywhere he likes. but i wonder what it reveals, if you like, about this real tension in the uk now about the future of the union?— future of the union? detention is very much _ future of the union? detention is very much dependent _ future of the union? detention is very much dependent on - future of the union? detention is| very much dependent on scotland insisting that it wants to continue as a member of the eu —— the tension. good luck with that. at the moment i don't think that is going to be a hugely popular horse to be riding. thejustification to be a hugely popular horse to be riding. the justification for breaking away from the uk or the kind of explanation of why breaking away from the uk would is that they will then become members of the eu,

or will apply to become members of the eu. at the moment membership of the eu. at the moment membership of the eu. at the moment membership of the eu doesn't look like such a great deal, so i really wonder how much this is going to affect the scottish nationalist position, and what they are going... how they are going to look in this really awful kind of war of words, as it were, between the eu and the uk. you have to remember thatjust under half of the scottish population have said that they do not want to be independent and it does not take much to push that over the line. we will see how this plays out. maybe be the sole vaccine drama will fade away... and previous views about joining the union are leaving the european union... i think nicola sturgeon is in a very uncomfortable position. and this kind of showboating about borisjohnson goal

it is important, janet... i think these — it is important, janet... i think these are _ it is important, janet... i think these are not simply rational decisions. as we saw with brexit, there _ decisions. as we saw with brexit, there is— decisions. as we saw with brexit, there is a — decisions. as we saw with brexit, there is a lot of emotion and misinformation that informs these kind of— misinformation that informs these kind of decisions. i think the irony of seeing — kind of decisions. i think the irony of seeing borisjohnson kind of decisions. i think the irony of seeing boris johnson sneaking into scotland, didn't reveal his agenda — into scotland, didn't reveal his agenda in _ into scotland, didn't reveal his agenda in advance, travel plans, mix it in one _ agenda in advance, travel plans, mix it in one protest was, he essentially went to scotland to avoid _ essentially went to scotland to avoid meeting scottish people and for some _ avoid meeting scottish people and for some photo ops. for him to be actually— for some photo ops. for him to be actually using that as an opportunity to sneak in the message of a united _ opportunity to sneak in the message of a united kingdom and again scottish— of a united kingdom and again scottish secession is the ultimate irony. _ scottish secession is the ultimate irony. for— scottish secession is the ultimate irony. for a — scottish secession is the ultimate irony, for a man who was actually eiected _ irony, for a man who was actually elected on — irony, for a man who was actually elected on a _ irony, for a man who was actually elected on a platform of home rule and bringing back control. that is not lost _ and bringing back control. that is not lost on — and bringing back control. that is not lost on the scottish people. i think— not lost on the scottish people. i think that — not lost on the scottish people. i think that candidly nicola sturgeon's greatest ally in scottish independence as boris johnson, sturgeon's greatest ally in scottish independence as borisjohnson, he simply— independence as borisjohnson, he simply has — independence as borisjohnson, he simply has no credibility on this issue. _

simply has no credibility on this issue, while it is true the vaccination programme is something to be proud — vaccination programme is something to be proud of, in this country despite — to be proud of, in this country despite some problems, it really is astonishing, that alone is not going to keep _ astonishing, that alone is not going to keep scotland in the union. janet. — to keep scotland in the union. janet. can— to keep scotland in the union. janet, can i pick up on this question of what the prime minister has to do? he styled himself as ministerfor has to do? he styled himself as minister for the has to do? he styled himself as ministerfor the union, and minister for the union, and obviously ministerfor the union, and obviously covid has kind of diverted that. is it possible the conservative party, given its historic scepticism about the effectiveness of devolution, and being the conservative and unionist party to use his full name, can come up party to use his full name, can come up with a credible alternative to either independence or the status quo? in a sense that is the missing part of this to be at the moment. hang on, the conservatives aren't the only ones who are espousing the continuation of the union... thea;r continuation of the union... they are in power- _ continuation of the union... they are in power. hang _ continuation of the union... they are in power. hang on, - continuation of the union... they are in power. hang on, wait - continuation of the union... they are in power. hang on, wait a . are in power. hang on, wait a minute. _ are in power. hang on, wait a minute. the _ are in power. hang on, wait a minute, the labour _ are in power. hang on, wait a minute, the labour party - are in power. hang on, wait a minute, the labour party is l are in power. hang on, wait a - minute, the labour party is speaking very much against scottish nationalism, because they have a real dog in this fight is that they

do not want to lose what used to be, anyway, reliably labour seats. if scotland were to become truly independent, labourwould scotland were to become truly independent, labour would lose a considerable cohort of its worst ministerwestminster mps. no one won scotland to leave, it is notjust a practical problem for the immediate tory government, but is a problem per successive governments and was largely labour had proposed the devolution solution because they were hoping to buy off the scottish national interest, and the tories did the same thing, fell into the same trap, but all the parties of the uk won the union to remain together, all the westminster parties. it isn'tjust a philosophical problem for the tories. it philosophical problem for the tories. . . philosophical problem for the tories. , , tories. it is a practical problem, in the end- _ tories. it is a practical problem, in the end. given _ tories. it is a practical problem, in the end. given janet's - tories. it is a practical problem, i in the end. given janet's argument in the end. givenjanet�*s argument they have all got to go, what lessons, briefly if you can, are

there from china's area of the world, if you like, from some of this country is prickly in south—east asia, but how you can make federation were? —— particularly in southeast asia. gray i'm not sure asia would like to take any lessons from europe these days. at the moment there is a lot of tactics — at the moment there is a lot of tactics on — at the moment there is a lot of tactics on how— at the moment there is a lot of tactics on how nicola _ at the moment there is a lot of tactics on how nicola sturgeonl at the moment there is a lot of i tactics on how nicola sturgeon is going _ tactics on how nicola sturgeon is going to — tactics on how nicola sturgeon is going to get _ tactics on how nicola sturgeon is going to get the _ tactics on how nicola sturgeon is going to get the referendum, i tactics on how nicola sturgeon is i going to get the referendum, whether there will— going to get the referendum, whether there will be _ going to get the referendum, whether there will be a — going to get the referendum, whether there will be a right _ going to get the referendum, whether there will be a right to _ going to get the referendum, whether there will be a right to hold _ going to get the referendum, whether there will be a right to hold it. - there will be a right to hold it. what — there will be a right to hold it. what i'm — there will be a right to hold it. what i'm going _ there will be a right to hold it. what i'm going to— there will be a right to hold it. what i'm going to say- there will be a right to hold it. what i'm going to say is, i there will be a right to hold it. i what i'm going to say is, getting your country _ what i'm going to say is, getting your country independent - what i'm going to say is, getting your country independent is- what i'm going to say is, getting your country independent is one | your country independent is one thing. _ your country independent is one thing. being— your country independent is one thing, being able _ your country independent is one thing, being able to _ your country independent is one thing, being able to run - your country independent is one thing, being able to run the i thing, being able to run the independent_ thing, being able to run the independent country is i thing, being able to run the i independent country is another. thing, being able to run the - independent country is another. back in 2014— independent country is another. back in 2014 the _ independent country is another. back in 2014 the first _ independent country is another. back in 2014 the first scottish _ in 2014 the first scottish referendum, _ in 2014 the first scottish referendum, we - in 2014 the first scottish l referendum, we spoke out in 2014 the first scottish - referendum, we spoke out about what happens _ referendum, we spoke out about what happens if _ referendum, we spoke out about what happens if scotland _ referendum, we spoke out about what happens if scotland leaves _ referendum, we spoke out about what happens if scotland leaves the - referendum, we spoke out about what happens if scotland leaves the uk i happens if scotland leaves the uk will stop _ happens if scotland leaves the uk will stop from _ happens if scotland leaves the uk will stop from defence _ happens if scotland leaves the uk will stop from defence to - happens if scotland leaves the uk will stop from defence to security| will stop from defence to security to budget. — will stop from defence to security to budget, whatever— will stop from defence to security to budget, whatever you - will stop from defence to security to budget, whatever you call- will stop from defence to security to budget, whatever you call it, l to budget, whatever you call it, lots of — to budget, whatever you call it, lots of things _ to budget, whatever you call it, lots of things that _ to budget, whatever you call it, lots of things that nicola - to budget, whatever you call it, i lots of things that nicola sturgeon has to— lots of things that nicola sturgeon has to articulate _ lots of things that nicola sturgeon has to articulate in _ lots of things that nicola sturgeon has to articulate in the _ lots of things that nicola sturgeon has to articulate in the months i lots of things that nicola sturgeonl has to articulate in the months and weeks _ has to articulate in the months and weeks to— has to articulate in the months and weeks to come _ has to articulate in the months and weeks to come. the _ has to articulate in the months and weeks to come. the scottish - weeks to come. the scottish referendum. _ weeks to come. the scottish referendum, if— weeks to come. the scottish referendum, if there's - weeks to come. the scottish referendum, if there's any i weeks to come. the scottish i referendum, if there's any global perspective. _ referendum, if there's any global perspective, everyone _ referendum, if there's any global perspective, everyone is- referendum, if there's any global perspective, everyone is going i referendum, if there's any globalj perspective, everyone is going to watch _ perspective, everyone is going to watch very— perspective, everyone is going to watch very closely, _ perspective, everyone is going to watch very closely, china - perspective, everyone is going to watch very closely, china is i perspective, everyone is going toi watch very closely, china is going to watch — watch very closely, china is going to watch with _ watch very closely, china is going to watch with a _ watch very closely, china is going to watch with a loss _ watch very closely, china is going to watch with a loss of— watch very closely, china is going to watch with a loss of curiosity. to watch with a loss of curiosity and questions _ to watch with a loss of curiosity and questions as well. - to watch with a loss of curiosity and questions as well. spain i to watch with a loss of curiosity. and questions as well. spain going

to watch_ and questions as well. spain going to watch with _ and questions as well. spain going to watch with wariness, _ and questions as well. spain going to watch with wariness, because . and questions as well. spain going i to watch with wariness, because they have their _ to watch with wariness, because they have their own — to watch with wariness, because they have their own catalonia _ to watch with wariness, because they have their own catalonia problem, i have their own catalonia problem, and nicole — have their own catalonia problem, and nicola sturgeon— have their own catalonia problem, and nicola sturgeon as _ have their own catalonia problem, and nicola sturgeon as well - have their own catalonia problem, and nicola sturgeon as well as - have their own catalonia problem, . and nicola sturgeon as well as other pro independence _ and nicola sturgeon as well as other pro independence activists _ and nicola sturgeon as well as otheri pro independence activists have been saying _ pro independence activists have been saying that _ pro independence activists have been saying that once _ pro independence activists have been saying that once we _ pro independence activists have been saying that once we leave _ pro independence activists have been saying that once we leave the - pro independence activists have been saying that once we leave the uk, . pro independence activists have beeni saying that once we leave the uk, we will have _ saying that once we leave the uk, we will have a _ saying that once we leave the uk, we will have a chance _ saying that once we leave the uk, we will have a chance to _ saying that once we leave the uk, we will have a chance to join _ saying that once we leave the uk, we will have a chance to join the - will have a chance to join the european _ will have a chance to join the european union. _ will have a chance to join the european union. whether. will have a chance to join thei european union. whether the spanish opinion— european union. whether the spanish opinion would — european union. whether the spanish opinion would matter— european union. whether the spanish opinion would matter in _ european union. whether the spanish opinion would matter in this _ european union. whether the spanish opinion would matter in this process i opinion would matter in this process is another— opinion would matter in this process is another question, _ opinion would matter in this process is another question, but _ opinion would matter in this process is another question, but all- opinion would matter in this process is another question, but all of- opinion would matter in this process is another question, but all of this . is another question, but all of this has shown— is another question, but all of this has shown the process _ is another question, but all of this has shown the process would - is another question, but all of this has shown the process would feed into an _ has shown the process would feed into an existing _ has shown the process would feed into an existing narrative - has shown the process would feed into an existing narrative outside i into an existing narrative outside of the _ into an existing narrative outside of the uk — into an existing narrative outside of the uk that— into an existing narrative outside ofthe uk that in— into an existing narrative outside of the uk that in a _ into an existing narrative outside of the uk that in a time - into an existing narrative outside of the uk that in a time of- of the uk that in a time of post-brexit _ of the uk that in a time of post—brexit britain- of the uk that in a time of post—brexit britain and i of the uk that in a time ofl post—brexit britain and any of the uk that in a time of- post—brexit britain and any time of covid-19 _ post—brexit britain and any time of covid—19 crisis, _ post—brexit britain and any time of covid—19 crisis, boris _ post—brexit britain and any time of covid—19 crisis, boris johnson - post—brexit britain and any time of covid—19 crisis, borisjohnson is i covid—19 crisis, borisjohnson is struggling — covid—19 crisis, borisjohnson is struggling to _ covid—19 crisis, borisjohnson is struggling to uphold _ covid—19 crisis, borisjohnson is struggling to uphold the - covid—19 crisis, borisjohnson is. struggling to uphold the integrity of the _ struggling to uphold the integrity of the union. _ struggling to uphold the integrity of the union, and that _ struggling to uphold the integrity of the union, and that will- struggling to uphold the integrity of the union, and that will have l of the union, and that will have huge _ of the union, and that will have huge diplomatic— of the union, and that will have huge diplomatic implications i of the union, and that will havei huge diplomatic implications for this country _ huge diplomatic implications for this country-— this country. thank you all very much. geeta guru—murphy will be in the dateline london chair next weekend. dojoin her then. i'll be back in a fortnight. goodbye.

hello there. we have got a big mixture of weather to come through the rest of today. conditions varying a lot from place to place. satellite pictures there shows an area of low pressure, this cloud pushing slowly northwards, and these weather fronts, as they move their way northwards, are starting to bump into colder air. so we have seen the rain turn to snow across parts of wales, we have seen a bit of snow in the midlands, as well for a time, so we could see some localised disruption for these areas through the rest of today. some settling snow has already fallen across parts of flintshire, denbighshire and we have also seen snow in the west midlands, but it's across higher parts of wales that we have the greatest risk of transport disruption today. to the north of this, for most of northern england and northern ireland and scotland, the weather is bright, with some sunny spells around this afternoon, a few showers around eastern areas, but it's cold.

temperatures at best around five or so. so the main risk of seeing any disruptive snow today is mainly across parts of wales, where we could see 15 centimetres across some higher elevation areas, bringing a significant risk of transport disruption, but there could be snow for a time in the midlands, causing a few problems as well. overnight, that rain and snow mixture clears southwards with clearing skies following, its going to be a cold night, with a widespread frost around, and the risk of some icy patches then to take things on into sunday. sunday, i think broadly speaking, many areas of the uk will have a bright day, with spells of sunshine. but we do have this weather system trying to push in off the atlantic and that will tend to threaten thicker cloud and some rain across parts of wales and south—west england, perhaps some of that turning to snow for a time as well as the day progresses. the rain band not far away from northern ireland, might just about stay dry until later in the day and most of scotland, for much of england, its bright with some sunshine, but after that, colder start,

those temperatures are more slow to rise, a colder day overall, with temperatures typically around 2—4. the cold weather with us again on monday, and again we have got these weather fronts trying to push an off the atlantic and they could bring some rain, perhaps with the risk of some snow across central portions of the uk. the weather is going to be driest in scotland but here it is still cold and after that frosty and icy start, temperatures again really struggling. highs of four or so. turns milder across southern parts of england and wales as we head towards the middle part of the week. that's your latest weather.

this is bbc news. these are the latest headlines in the uk and around the world. the eu backs down from using emergency brexit measures to restrict the movement of vaccines to northern ireland. the plan sparked outrage in london and belfast. but the eu's vaccine shortfall sees the bloc force pharmaceutical firms to get permission before exporting european—madejabs. the world health organization again warns against vaccine nationalism over the row about eu export controls. it is morally wrong in terms of arresting the pandemic and want help, and it won't also bring livelihoods back. the prime minister publishes an open letter to parents, saying he's "in awe" of the way they're coping with home schooling.

confusion over coronavirus rules in maternity wards —