to have three tees, they tend to have three toes, straight pointing toes. that is distinctive for meat—eating dinosaurs. distinctive for meat-eating dinosaurs-_ distinctive for meat-eating dinosaurs. �* , :: a, dinosaurs. and it is 220 million ears dinosaurs. and it is 220 million years old- _ dinosaurs. and it is 220 million years old. how _ dinosaurs. and it is 220 million years old. how do _ dinosaurs. and it is 220 million years old. how do you - dinosaurs. and it is 220 million years old. how do you know . dinosaurs. and it is 220 million i years old. how do you know that? dinosaurs. and it is 220 million - years old. how do you know that? we know years old. how do you know that? - know what age the rocks are in that area, they are well defined. round about 220 million years old. the time when most of britain and wales were part of a desert so these dinosaurs were walking around in the desert leaving footprints in the wet mud after a flooding event. this wonderful find, _ mud after a flooding event. this wonderfulfind, i— mud after a flooding event. this wonderful find, i guess you would wonderfulfind, i guess you would encourage other people to keep their eyes open. you encourage other people to keep their e es 0 en. ., encourage other people to keep their e esoen. ., ~ ., ., eyes open. you never know what you will find at the _ eyes open. you never know what you will find at the beach. _ eyes open. you never know what you will find at the beach. most - eyes open. you never know what you will find at the beach. most of- eyes open. you never know what you will find at the beach. most of the i will find at the beach. most of the best ones have been done by amateurs looking on regular walks. it is really worth keeping your eye open when you are down on the beach or

anywhere because you never know what you will find. you surprise us sometimes. hello, we've seen a mix of rain, sleet and snow across many parts of the uk so far today. particularly the part of wales and the midlands, a mix of some snow and ice developing leading to some travel disruption. they could be as much as 15 centimetres of snow over the highest round of central and wales. over the next two hours, that rape is a will slowly start to chip away towards the south —— that rain... to other parts of wales and england. we are expecting a very cold night. the sharp frost, ics, a lot of dry weather for many of us on sunday, some areas across the far north,

less promising a vein moving across the south—west increasingly turning to snow across south—west england, wales and northern ireland. find out further east with images around two to 8 degrees. the european union is facing mounting criticism. the world health organization has criticised the's announcement of export controls on vaccines saying such measures risk prolonging the pandemic. the ”lannin prolonging the pandemic. the planning of — prolonging the pandemic. the planning of the publishes an open letter to parents, saying he is in all of the failure coping with home—schooling. now, on the busy time for like. this week, new ways to measure your

vital signs in intensive care — orjust to save you a trip to the doctor? hey, welcome to click. hope you're well, hope you're coping ok with the not going out, the not seeing people, the home schooling, and that long wait for the vaccine. there's a heck of a lot going on at the moment, isn't there? lara, looks like you've been keeping busy. you've been decorating, look! i have! i hope you like them. i've got to keep myself busy in lockdown. absolutely. no, they look lovely. tell you what — that's the most exciting thing to happen in the lewington household for months. now, of course, we are being encouraged to stay at home as much as possible, except in particular circumstances. and that includes if you need medical attention.

that said, at the moment in the uk, most gp appointments are happening remotely. so that may be by telephone or online. but, of course, there are some examinations that really need to take place in person. so i've been looking at some of the technology that aims to be able to help you do them yourself. health tracking devices are not new, especially those used to monitor chronic conditions. but the pandemic has encouraged the rise of innovative new kit, or sometimes, all you need is your smartphone. this app from binah.ai uses the camera built into your smartphone, tablet or laptop to measure your vital signs in under a minutejust by looking at yourface. so binah is actually analysing the tiny colour changes that are happening in your cheeks and forehead and those tiny colour changes actually provide a clear indication regarding the blood flow behind your skin.

and by analysing the blood flow, then we're able to analyse and to understand what is your heartrate, what is your oxygen saturation, what is your respiration rate and a lot of different body signs. over 10,000 million scans have already been done and thousands of doctors have been trialling the tool whilst it applies for wide—scale approvals. but to get a second opinion, and one from an actual doctor, i drafted in clare gerada, gp and former chair of the royal college of general practitioners. so under your skin, you've got millions of very small blood vessels and what this technology will be doing, no doubt, is actually pinning one of those down and picking up these various indices. another smartphone—based solution could be this. lmd's tiny device can track your blood pressure just by holding your finger down on it.

its sensors track the pressure that you're putting on along with what the vessels look like under the skin. but the eventual aim is to have this built into mobile phones. when you measure your blood pressure with a normal cuff around your arm, what that does is squeeze and compress the arm against the pressure of the blood. we do exactly the same, except we use the arteries here in the tip of the finger. and when you put your finger on the device like that, it tells you on the screen to push harder or softer. it did take quite a few goes to get a reading but the company is improving its set of simple games to help you focus on getting it right, and clinical trials are under way. you've mentioned how beneficial this could be to people who know they need to be taking their blood pressure readings. but how about to healthy people? it would be very, very useful to be picking up people that we don't normally see in our surgery till they run into problems.

sometimes your phone may need a bit of help, though. this smartphone—connected device aims to help you when you're having a remote doctor's appointment. now, it comes with attachments that help you look inside your ear or inside your throat, even a stethoscope, plus simpler functions, like being able to take your temperature. an app helps you record your findings and send them to a doctor. or, if your health care provider is signed up, you can do live video calls where they take control. heart is awesome. oh, great. a lot of schools around the us and europe is starting to use tyto as a mini clinic. we have visiting nurses' services that are using tyto. so it's not always at the home level — it's also at the community level. tytocare has been clinically validated by universities and hospitals in the us and israel. it's also been trialled by the uk's national health service. but not everyone's convinced

that parents should be buying their own $300 device. what do you think of a device like this which actually takes on some of the physical elements of what a doctor would generally need to do? i think that if you're a worried parent, number one, you probably wouldn't have one, if you're anxious, where you're looking for all the bits in the midst of being unwell, i think you won't find there's much usage. where it might be useful is if we're trying to monitor a patient at home, so if i've seen a patient, say, on a friday morning and i'm a little bit concerned — is this child unwell or not unwell? — i might give...lend a patient's parents that machine and have much more detail about the patient's condition. but moving forward, do you think that these things are still going to stay with us? there'll be as much enthusiasm in the future? covid has really done a paradigm shift. saying that, i don't ever think it will get beyond 60% of consultations will start and finish online. i think there'll still be a large number of patients that

see their doctor face to face for all sorts of reasons. all around the world, medical staff are having the toughest time trying to deal with a virus that attacks the body in new ways. patients on ventilators need to be heavily sedated, whilst a lot of machinery is used to monitor their vitals to allow doctors to respond appropriately at the right time. well, paul carter has this report from madrid, where medics have been showing us how they've taken some existing technology and used it in new ways to help improve survival rates. like many countries around the world, spain's intensive care units are dealing with high numbers of cases of covid—i9. at two hospitals in madrid, they're making use of a system that can help monitor critically ill patients. the mdoloris monitors a person's autonomic nervous system, which unconsciously regulates body

processes, including breathing, blood pressure and heartrate. it enables doctors to see, at a glance, the levels of pain or distress a patient may be in while sedated. this is the intensive care department of puerta de hierro hospital. right now, in this room, we have 11 covid—19 patients. the systems are really easily applied. for the pain monitor, it's just two stickers that are going to register the activity, the electrical activity of the heart, and they are attached by this really simple cable to the monitor. it gives you mainly two numbers. there's one number that correlates with the immediate pain of the patient. and then there's a second number that's a median of the different pain scores that the machine has recorded for the last three minutes. it has helped us because it's really simple to interpret. you walk into the room and you exactly know if your patient is in pain or not, and it makes it easier to adjust the pain medication.

cos we are always in fear that our patients might suffer pain, but we also need to realise that it's very important for them to not be overdosed on opioids. doctors say pain levels would normally be measured by assessing a number of measurements separately, while the system in use here allows for greater detail. the challenge for doctors is finding the right balance between keeping a patient comfortable while still enabling their nervous system to help the body fight back against the effects of the virus. translation: at the severe stages of the disease, - when artificial respiration is needed, it is necessary to heavily sedate and even paralyse the patient. the key is to anaesthetise the patient. this doesn't mean to switch their brain off, but to reduce brain activity. and that is why this technology is so important, because it allows us to control the amount of sedation and analgesia, avoiding both overdosing and underdosing.

this system doesn't replace the role of drugs and other types of therapies available to treat the sickest of patients. rather, it's an additional tool in the arsenal available to intensive care doctors as we continue to learn more about treating this illness. last monday was burns night, when scots everywhere we to tech. german firm was able to start delivering rotavirus vaccines by air pilots launching in southeast asia and africa in the coming months. and google stopped work on its app. launched in 2016, this will is an open source project. can

explain unveiled a new model. three scooters will be piloted in spain controls that let vehicles be moved from afar and even wheeled. the makers of humanoid droid say that this and three other models are going into mass production. hello, everyone. she can imitate gestures and went viral when unveiled by hanson robotics in 2016. finally, a hip bone is connected to the... 3d printer? scientists in australia have ink that can 3d print bone —like structures with cells. ceramic —based bird must be squeezed into a gel path and could mend damaged bones during surgery. that's what i call bona fides science.

last monday was burns night, when scots everywhere celebrate the birth, life and poetry of their national bard, robert burns. yeah, he wrote, amongst other things, this... # for auld lang syne... # auld lang syne, of course traditionally sung on new year's eve — hogmanay, if you're in scotland. and in scotland right now is our very own nick kwek. hello, nick. yeah! look at you. well, hello there. how is it going? you all right? yes, i'm in bonnie scotland and, of course, i'm wearing traditional garb. yeah. keep that well under wraps, if you wouldn't mind, sir. listen, where are you? well, i'm in the one place many a scot hold dear to their heart — the whisky distillery. can't wait to tuck into some of that later on. but anyway, as it is burns night, it's the one time of the year where it's socially acceptable to drink whisky with your dinner. i see. how was your burns night? well, it was pretty bizarre, to be honest. it went virtual for the first — and hopefully the last — time. and obviously there's a lot of people up here with a lot

of time on their hands. so, one phd student from glasgow decided to train an ai to write poetry in the style of the great bard himself. ok, can we hear a bit of that now? he reads: wow! wow! tech meets tradition! speaking of which, spencer, you've been testing some whisky that was blended by an artificial intelligence. yeah, that's right, and this is being made in the traditional home of whisky — sweden. what?! ok, look, sweden is actually very new to whisky—making. a couple of hours north of stockholm, in the town of gavle, i found angela d'orazio. now, she's mackmyra whisky�*s master blender, although i prefer her other title —

cno, chief nose officer. and she's going to explain how her latest gold award winning whisky was given a helping hand... ..well, or nose, by a computer. the distilling process that you see behind me, that is where we start. that is something that gives us the clear stuff that looks like water, that is very strong. it's about 70% of alcohol. the taste of the new—made spirit has a malty character. then you also get the taste from the stuff that ferments it. so the yeast that we're using is the same yeast that everybody bakes with in sweden, sweet cakes. and we get a very fruity, light kind of fruity aromatic tone from the yeast. after distillation, the liquid is aged for years in oak casks,

where it absorbs the flavour from the wood. slowly, slowly, the alcohol evaporates from this living material that oak is, and you get the taste of the oak, you get the colour of the oak. but the next part of angela's job, where she decides how to blend the contents of different casks together, became the subject of a machine learning experiment. when i make a blend, i have an idea of what i will use and then i test blend it, so i might take a base of bourbon and then i'll take a few samples of something else. so i'll do a complexity of tastes and aromas in this blend. and then i'll do... i can see, ok, i used too much of that new american oak. i can see in this blend i will have to use a little less of that. and this process can

take days and weeks. so, tech start—up fourkind offered to create software to see if a computer could do the blending job instead. all the info about angela's previous recipes, cask information, tasting notes, reviews and awards were fed into the algorithm to see if it could come up with a new blend that was also worthy of a prize. the a! programme then gave me very many, um, recipe suggestions, which, in the beginning, were very strange and very odd and not at all something that i would like to use. for example, it said that, you know, you use very little from 500 casks, and that is, like, not the thing that you would do. so we narrowed down the possibilities while we went along, and i got 100 recipes

and i looked at them and i said no. and then i got 100 more and then i got 100 more, and then in the end, i singled out five recipes that i thought were nice. the result is a whisky called intelligens — what else? and it did win two awards in the us. so, is it any good? well, i'm not really into whisky, so i had a bottle sent to someone with a much better sense of it all than me — my dad. he got the taste buds, i kept the hair. well, the colour's certainly whisky colour. intelligens is not meant to taste like any other whisky in particular, but i did ask dad how it compared to his favourite scottish single malt. he coughs. definitely a more concentrated flavour, whereas this one... ..fuller.

a fuller flavour. yeah, but it's enjoyable. you couldn't drink much of it, i don't think. at the moment, there are no plans to make another batch. good news for human master blenders, ifeel. bad news for my dad, though, as he won't get any more whisky to try for a while. back home, i'm at the glenturret, the oldest distillery in scotland — a title fiercely defended — and here they certainly like to do things the old—fashioned way. it's the last remaining scottish distillery to rouse mash by hand. levers are pulled and pipes are manually positioned to fill the handcrafted wooden wash vats. you see the passion that goes into it — the blood, sweat and tears that goes into making our whisky, and you feel it, you can almost smell it in the whisky. cutting — a process affecting the alcohol percentage and spirit clarity — is done by eye.

brian knows when the time isjust right. the spirit safe is so ancient, the workers don't even know how old it is. they hazard a guess of half a century or so. and when it comes to casks, they're individually nosed, sniffed before selected — an instinct fine—tuned over decades. and most importantly, they've got two cats in residence, so there's no moose loose about this hoose. as if sweden wasn't enough, imagine the reaction when i told the manager here about silicon valley concocting the drinks in labs. it goes against all the grains in my body, i have to say, to do that. i mean, i think there's a lot of romance in it, that's for sure, but once you come to a place like this and you look around here and you open these casks and you smell them, i mean, can you replicate that in a laboratory? i certainly don't think so. well, james clayton has been to visit the team in california, reducing the sacred ageing process down to a handful of days. welcome to bespoken spirits, one of a number of small start—ups

on a mission to revolutionise the spirits industry, and to meet martin and steve, the founders of the company. a couple of different samples, and we're looking at some of the attributes of aroma. this has more of that furfural than this one does. so this one is going to have a more nutty taste than this one does. another one might have higher amounts of phenylene than another one, which means it's going to have a higher smell or taste of vanilla. so you can be that exact? exactly. and then those are the things that we can engineer in each subsequent iteration of our recipe. whisky—making is a bit of a science, but here they've taken that to a whole new level. here's steve explaining the process from start to finish. we have three main elements that we use in creating those recipes.

the first is the source spirit itself. the second element we use is the wood. and here what we do is we operate with what we call micro staves, which are small pieces of wood, and each micro stave is roughly one 25,000th the size of a barrel. and we'll start by building a mixture of micro staves, so we can mix and match these micro staves to get the recipes that we want. and it's kind of like the spices in a recipe, if you will. and once we have that micro stave mixture selected, we then choose how we're going to toast and char those micro staves. we then take it and the source spirit, we put them together in our machine, which we call the activator, and we control the environment within the machine to precisely influence when and how the chemical reactions occur. we have over 17 billion combinations we can use in creating our recipes, and it typically takes three to five days to get the end result that we're looking for. some of the process uses technology that they say is market sensitive,

that they wouldn't show me. but they claim that the spirits that they make, things like whisky and rum, are just as good as the real thing. we've got three different samples of our bespoken products here. this was our original flagship product, the first product we made, the first to win industry awards. this is a japanese—style whisky in the sense that it's more floral and aromatic, fruity, whereas this is more of a classic bourbon style whisky — vanilla, caramel, woodiness, etc. all right, i'll try... i'll try this. right. i'm getting nuts from this. is that a thing? is it nutty? is it? again, we're not making synthetics, we're just controlling the traditional elements and the traditional process in a very precise way to get precise results and thereby unlock so much more power of product to the distiller. today we are going to be doing

the last glass review of the... i ok, so i'm clearly not a spirits expert, butjosh peters is. he's a respected whisky expert and writes the whiskeyjug blog. he believes this kind of technology can make some good spirits, but when it comes to replicating the ageing process, it's not quite there. i am yet to have a whisky from one of these that i thought tasted - like a true oak—aged spirit. |i've had some great rums, though, j things like rums, unaged products, end up tasting very good. but anything that requires that j barrel ageing, i've yet to have | anything that actually replicates or comes even close to it. - they'll probably do very well on things like cocktails. - you're going to be able l to make some really cool and interesting things with them. but i don't think that they're going to be replacing - the liquid that i want to, l at the end of the day, pour into a glass and drink on its own. companies like bespoken spirits

don't actually need to convince everyone they're on to a winner. they're looking for a fraction of a multi—billion dollar industry. if they can convince just 1% of people who drink spirits that this is the future, they'll be cheers—ing to that. that was james clayton in silicon valley. i'd imagine that report has annoyed a lot of people. let's go back to nick in scotland, who is... ..not there right now. oh, no, what have we done? where is he? right. does anybody have a straw? oh, that's it. i don't know when we're going to see nick again! maybe next burns night, or the morning after. anyway, that is it from us for now. as ever, you can keep up with the team on social media. find us on youtube, instagram, facebook and twitter. thanks for watching. we'll see you soon. bye— bye.

lots of different weather has been happening across the uk today. heavy rain, lots of flood warnings force and some snow across wales and parts of the midlands. that is going to be causing some disruption as we head into the evening hours. in the north, high pressure is holding on. it's this area of low pressure that's been a troublemaker, pushing in that mix of rain, sleet and snow, may know that ground. over the next few hours, particularly across parts of central and northern wales, the higher ground, sleet and snow. it will fall as rain the likes of

london and kent, and the south—west, expecting some heavy bursts to brain. way snow and ice developing, across the midlands and inserts southern and eastern england, it would be disruption to travel. icy stretches developing and that rain, sleet and snow cleared towards the south, lighter winds it can be a cold night. any untreated surfaces will be slippery sunday morning. temperatures are getting down below a few degrees, perhaps as low as —12 celsius. one of the coldest nights of winter so far. into sunday morning, a relatively quiet start to the day, but the next area of low pressure moving to question parts later on. cold, bright with some venturing sunshine. that could bring some very heavy snowfall across dartmoor, the cotswolds, into wales. down towards the far south—west, it

will be heavy rain. the rest of the uk away from that corner, dry weather some sunshine, and the bit hazy cemetery flurries across the north of scotland. one day, quieter, cloud across central and southern parts of england and wales, clouding over... best of sunshine for northern england and eastern scotland. temperatures are below average for the time of year for just about touching double figures in the far south—west. as we look further ahead, in the far south—west. as we look furtherahead, it in the far south—west. as we look further ahead, it is turning milder, remaining pretty chilly and unsettled across parts of scotland, northern ireland and northern england as well..

this is bbc news the headlines at four... the european union is facing mounting criticism for its short—lived attempt to override part of the brexit deal relating to northern ireland. we were told that under no circumstances could the european commission countenance a border between northern ireland and the republic of ireland and yet 29 days into the protocol they are quite happy to invoke it, when it is in their interests and the interests of the european bloc. in the past hour, the cabinet office minister michael gove said eu recognised they made a mistake and that a reset is now needed. i think the eu recognise they made a mistake in triggering article 16 which would have meant the imposition of a border on the island

of ireland but now that eu